Legal corpus: U.S. Code titles 1–11 from pinned OLRC XML (11,050 sections)

Raw OLRC USLM XML zips @ release 119-100 (retrieved 2026-07-04 via
Atlas depot), ingested with the standard pipeline: raw snapshot ->
per-section OKF markdown -> manifest + checksums. Title 52 untouched.
LegalText: 171 -> 11,221. Titles 12-54 await a clean OLRC retry.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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2026-07-06 09:52:37 -04:00
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---
type: "LegalText"
title: "9 U.S.C. § 2"
description: "Validity, irrevocability, and enforcement of agreements to arbitrate"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 9
title_name: "ARBITRATION"
chapter_number: "1"
chapter_name: "GENERAL PROVISIONS"
section: "2"
citation: "9 U.S.C. § 2"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc09@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t9/s2"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-09/usc09.xml"
source_hash: "42eb4e29993537b900d6f9aa8ba4fe906593e292db5420b513636b66b78858b9"
raw_snapshot_hash: "2769b4a64cc395f176a6e802747859e933a2e12cb957f17140550f8b278a9108"
text_hash: "5a823b652401248396bfedc72435ac0e07d7f60ef6dcd683fd3d9f7dab7a7be5"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 9 U.S.C. § 2 - Validity, irrevocability, and enforcement of agreements to arbitrate
## Text
A written provision in any maritime transaction or a contract evidencing a transaction involving commerce to settle by arbitration a controversy thereafter arising out of such contract or transaction, or the refusal to perform the whole or any part thereof, or an agreement in writing to submit to arbitration an existing controversy arising out of such a contract, transaction, or refusal, shall be valid, irrevocable, and enforceable, save upon such grounds as exist at law or in equity for the revocation of any contract or as otherwise provided in chapter 4.
(July 30, 1947, ch. 392, 61 Stat. 670; Pub. L. 11790, § 2(b)(1)(A), Mar. 3, 2022, 136 Stat. 27.)
## Notes
DerivationAct Feb. 12, 1925, ch. 213, § 2, 43 Stat. 883.
Editorial Notes
Amendments2022—Pub. L. 11790 inserted “or as otherwise provided in chapter 4” before period at end.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 2022 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 11790 applicable with respect to any dispute or claim that arises or accrues on or after Mar. 3, 2022, see section 3 of Pub. L. 11790, set out as an Effective Date note under section 401 of this title.