Legal corpus: U.S. Code titles 1–11 from pinned OLRC XML (11,050 sections)
Raw OLRC USLM XML zips @ release 119-100 (retrieved 2026-07-04 via Atlas depot), ingested with the standard pipeline: raw snapshot -> per-section OKF markdown -> manifest + checksums. Title 52 untouched. LegalText: 171 -> 11,221. Titles 12-54 await a clean OLRC retry. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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type: "LegalText"
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title: "10 U.S.C. § 3131"
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description: "Availability of appropriations"
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title_number: 10
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title_name: "ARMED FORCES"
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chapter_number: "207"
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chapter_name: "BUDGETING AND APPROPRIATIONS"
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section: "3131"
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# 10 U.S.C. § 3131 - Availability of appropriations
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## Text
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(a) Funds appropriated to the Department of Defense for research and development remain available for obligation for a period of two consecutive years.
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(b) Funds appropriated to the Department of Defense for research and development may be used—
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(1) for the purposes of section 4141 of this title; and
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(2) for purposes related to research and development for which expenditures are specifically authorized in other appropriations of the Department of Defense.
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(Added Pub. L. 97–258, § 2(b)(3)(B), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1052, § 2361; renumbered § 2351 and amended Pub. L. 100–370, § 1(g)(1), July 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 846; renumbered § 3131 and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §§ 1809(b), 1883(b)(2), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4161, 4294; Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title XVII, § 1701(d)(1), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2136.)
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## Notes
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Historical and Revision Notes 1982 Act Revised sectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large) 236131:649c(2).Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, § 40(2), 70A Stat. 636; Nov. 17, 1971, Pub. L. 92–156, § 201(b), 85 Stat. 424. The words “Unless otherwise provided in the appropriation Act concerned” are omitted as unnecessary and for consistency. The word “Funds” is substituted for “moneys” for consistency in title 10.
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1988 ActSubsection (a) is based on section 2361 of this title. Subsection (b) is based on Pub. L. 99–190, § 101(b) [title VIII, § 8015], Dec. 19, 1985, 99 Stat. 1185, 1205.
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Editorial Notes
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Amendments2021—Pub. L. 116–283, § 1809(b), renumbered section 2351 of this title as this section. Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 117–81, which directed the substitution of “section 4141” for “section 2353”, could not be executed because of the intervening amendment by Pub. L. 116–283, § 1883(b)(2). See note below. Pub. L. 116–283, § 1883(b)(2), substituted “section 4141” for “section 2353”. 1988—Pub. L. 100–370 renumbered section 2361 of this title as section 2351, designated such provisions as subsec. (a), and added subsec. (b).
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Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
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Effective Date of 2021 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 117–81 to take effect immediately after the amendments made by title XVIII of Pub. L. 116–283 have taken effect, see section 1701(a)(3) of Pub. L. 117–81, set out in a note preceding section 3001 of this title and note below. Amendment by Pub. L. 116–283 effective Jan. 1, 2022, with additional provisions for delayed implementation and applicability of existing law, see section 1801(d) of Pub. L. 116–283, set out as a note preceding section 3001 of this title.
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description: "Availability of appropriations for procurement of technical military equipment and supplies"
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---
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# 10 U.S.C. § 3132 - Availability of appropriations for procurement of technical military equipment and supplies
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## Text
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Funds appropriated to the Department of Defense for the procurement of technical military equipment and supplies remain available until spent.
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(Added Pub. L. 97–258, § 2(b)(4)(B), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1052, § 2394; renumbered § 2395 and amended Pub. L. 97–295, § 1(28)(A), Oct. 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 1291; renumbered § 3132, Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, § 1809(c), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4161.)
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## Notes
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Historical and Revision Notes 1982 Act (Pub. L. 97–258) Revised sectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large) 239431:649c(1).Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, § 40(1), 70A Stat. 636; Nov. 17, 1971, Pub. L. 92–156, § 201(b), 85 Stat. 424. The words “Unless otherwise provided in the appropriation Act concerned” are omitted as unnecessary and for consistency. The word “Funds” is substituted for “moneys” for consistency in title 10. The word “military” is added before “public” for clarity. The words “including moneys appropriated to the Department of the Navy for the procurement and construction of guided missiles” are omitted as included in “technical military equipment”.
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1982 Act (Pub. L. 97–295) Revised sectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large) 239510:2394.Sept. 13, 1982, Pub. L. 97–258, § 2(b)(4)(B), 96 Stat. 1053. This redesignates 10:2394 (enacted by Pub. L. 97–258) as 10:2395 because of the enactment of another 10:2394 by Pub. L. 97–214, § 6(a)(1), July 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 171, and amends the section generally to eliminate the words “and the construction of military public works” because of section 10(b)(5) of the Military Construction Codification Act (Pub. L. 97–214, July 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 176) which struck corresponding words from the source statute for 10:2394 subsequent to Apr. 15, 1982, the cut-off date prescribed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 97–258, section 2(b)(4)(B) of which enacted 10:2394.
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Editorial Notes
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Amendments2021—Pub. L. 116–283 renumbered section 2395 of this title as this section. 1982—Pub. L. 97–295 struck out “and the construction of military public works” after “supplies”.
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Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
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Effective Date of 2021 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 116–283 effective Jan. 1, 2022, with additional provisions for delayed implementation and applicability of existing law, see section 1801(d) of Pub. L. 116–283, set out as a note preceding section 3001 of this title.
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title: "10 U.S.C. § 3133"
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---
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# 10 U.S.C. § 3133 - Contracts for periods crossing fiscal years: severable service contracts; leases of real or personal property
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## Text
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(a) Authority.— (1) The Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of a military department, or the Secretary of Homeland Security with respect to the Coast Guard when it is not operating as a service in the Navy, may enter into a contract for a purpose described in paragraph (2) for a period that begins in one fiscal year and ends in the next fiscal year if (without regard to any option to extend the period of the contract) the contract period does not exceed one year.
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(2) The purpose of a contract described in this paragraph is as follows:
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(A) The procurement of severable services.
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(B) The lease of real or personal property, including the maintenance of such property when contracted for as part of the lease agreement.
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(b) Obligation of Funds.— Funds made available for a fiscal year may be obligated for the total amount of a contract entered into under the authority of subsection (a).
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(Added Pub. L. 100–370, § 1(h)(2), July 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 847, § 2410a; amended Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title III, § 342, Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1343; Pub. L. 104–324, title II, § 214(b), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3915; Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title VIII, § 801(a), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1831; Pub. L. 107–296, title XVII, § 1704(b)(1), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2314; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title X, § 1005(a), (b)(1), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1584; renumbered § 3133, Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, § 1809(d), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4161.)
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## Notes
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Historical and Revision NotesSection is based on Pub. L. 99–190, § 101(b) [title VIII, § 8005(e), (h), (l)], Dec. 19, 1985, 99 Stat. 1185, 1202.
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Editorial Notes
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Amendments2021—Pub. L. 116–283 renumbered section 2410a of this title as this section. 2003—Pub. L. 108–136, § 1005(b)(1), amended section catchline generally, substituting “Contracts for periods crossing fiscal years: severable service contracts; leases of real or personal property” for “Severable service contracts for periods crossing fiscal years”. Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108–136, § 1005(a), inserted “(1)” before “The Secretary of Defense”, substituted “for a purpose described in paragraph (2)” for “for procurement of severable services”, and added par. (2). 2002—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 107–296 substituted “of Homeland Security” for “of Transportation”. 1997—Pub. L. 105–85 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to availability of appropriated funds for payments under contracts for various types of maintenance, leases, and operations and authorized Secretary of Transportation to enter into contracts for procurement of severable services. 1996—Pub. L. 104–324 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsec. (b). 1991—Par. (1). Pub. L. 102–190, § 342(1), inserted “, equipment,” after “tools”. Par. (4). Pub. L. 102–190, § 342(2), added par. (4).
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Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
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Effective Date of 2021 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 116–283 effective Jan. 1, 2022, with additional provisions for delayed implementation and applicability of existing law, see section 1801(d) of Pub. L. 116–283, set out as a note preceding section 3001 of this title.
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Effective Date of 2003 AmendmentPub. L. 108–136, div. A, title X, § 1005(c), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1585, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall not apply to funds appropriated for a fiscal year before fiscal year 2004.”
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Effective Date of 2002 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 107–296 effective on the date of transfer of the Coast Guard to the Department of Homeland Security, see section 1704(g) of Pub. L. 107–296, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.
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---
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# 10 U.S.C. § 3134 - Allocation of appropriations
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## Text
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(a) Appropriations available for procurement by an agency named in section 3063 of this title may, through administrative allotment, be made available for obligation for procurement by any other agency in amounts authorized by the head of the allotting agency and without transfer of funds on the books of the Department of the Treasury.
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(b) A disbursing official of the allotting agency may make any disbursement chargeable to an allotment under subsection (a) upon a voucher certified by an officer or civilian employee of the procuring agency.
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(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 132, § 2309; Pub. L. 97–258, § 2(b)(1)(B), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1052; renumbered § 3134 and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, § 1809(e), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4161; Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title XVII, § 1701(b)(3), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2132.)
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## Notes
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Historical and Revision Notes Revised sectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large) 2309(a)2309(b)41:159 (2d sentence).41:159 (less 1st and 2d sentences).Feb. 19, 1948, ch. 65, § 10 (less 1st sentence), 62 Stat. 25. In subsection (a), the words “an agency named in section 2303 of this title” are substituted for the words “any such agency”. In subsection (b), the words “an allotment under subsection (a)” are substituted for the words “such allotments”.
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Editorial Notes
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Amendments2021—Pub. L. 116–283, § 1809(e)(1), renumbered section 2309 of this title as this section. Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 116–283, § 1809(e)(2)(A), substituted “named in section 3063” for “named in section 2303”. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 116–283, § 1809(e)(2)(B), which directed adding subsec. (c), was repealed by Pub. L. 117–81, § 1701(b)(3). 1982—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 97–258 substituted “disbursing official” for “disbursing officer”.
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Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
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Effective Date of 2021 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 117–81 applicable as if included in the enactment of title XVIII of Pub. L. 116–283 as enacted, see section 1701(a)(2) of Pub. L. 117–81, set out in a note preceding section 3001 of this title and note below. Amendment by Pub. L. 116–283 effective Jan. 1, 2022, with additional provisions for delayed implementation and applicability of existing law, see section 1801(d) of Pub. L. 116–283, set out as a note preceding section 3001 of this title.
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---
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||||
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# 10 U.S.C. § 3135 - Comparable budgeting for common procurement weapon systems
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## Text
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(a) Matters To Be Included in Annual Defense Budgets.— In preparing the defense budget for any fiscal year, the Secretary of Defense shall—
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(1) specifically identify each common procurement weapon system included in the budget;
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(2) take all feasible steps to minimize variations in procurement unit costs for any such system as shown in the budget requests of the different armed forces requesting procurement funds for the system; and
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(3) identify and justify in the budget all such variations in procurement unit costs for common procurement weapon systems.
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(b) Comptroller.— The Secretary shall carry out this section through the Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller).
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(c) Definitions.— In this section:
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(1) The term “defense budget” means the budget of the Department of Defense included in the President’s budget submitted to Congress under section 1105 of title 31 for a fiscal year.
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(2) The term “common procurement weapon system” means a weapon system for which two or more of the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, and Space Force request procurement funds in a defense budget.
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(Added Pub. L. 100–370, § 1(d)(3)(A), July 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 843, § 2217; amended Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, § 1503(a)(20), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 512; renumbered § 3135 and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title IX, § 924(b)(1)(N), title XVIII, § 1809(f)(1), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3820, 4161.)
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## Notes
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Historical and Revision NotesSection is based on Pub. L. 99–500, § 101(c) [title X, § 955], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–82, 1783–173, and Pub. L. 99–591, § 101(c) [title X, § 955], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–82, 3341–173; Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title IX, formerly title IV, § 955, Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3953, renumbered title IX, Pub. L. 100–26, § 3(5), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 273.
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Editorial Notes
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||||
Amendments2021—Pub. L. 116–283, § 1809(f)(1), renumbered section 2217 of this title as this section. Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 116–283, § 924(b)(1)(N), substituted “Marine Corps, and Space Force” for “and Marine Corps”. 1996—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–106 substituted “Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller)” for “Comptroller of the Department of Defense”.
|
||||
|
||||
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
|
||||
|
||||
Effective Date of 2021 AmendmentAmendment by section 1809(f)(1) of Pub. L. 116–283 effective Jan. 1, 2022, with additional provisions for delayed implementation and applicability of existing law, see section 1801(d) of Pub. L. 116–283, set out as a note preceding section 3001 of this title.
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||||
|
||||
# 10 U.S.C. § 3137 - Omitted]
|
||||
|
||||
## Notes
|
||||
|
||||
Editorial Notes
|
||||
|
||||
Codification Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, § 1809(h)(1), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4162, directed the transfer of section 235 of this title to this section, which was to take effect Jan. 1, 2022. However, Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title VIII, § 815(b)(1), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 1825, subsequently repealed section 235 of this title effective Dec. 27, 2021, effectively eliminating that transfer and omitting this section before it took effect.
|
||||
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|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
# 10 U.S.C. § 3138 - Obligations for contract services: reporting in budget object classes
|
||||
|
||||
## Text
|
||||
|
||||
(a) Limitation on Reporting in Miscellaneous Services Object Class.— The Secretary of Defense shall ensure that, in reporting to the Office of Management and Budget (pursuant to OMB Circular A–11 (relating to preparation and submission of budget estimates)) obligations of the Department of Defense for any period of time for contract services, no more than 15 percent of the total amount of obligations so reported is reported in the miscellaneous services object class.
|
||||
|
||||
(b) Definition of Reporting Categories for Advisory and Assistance Services.— In carrying out section 1105(g) of title 31 for the Department of Defense (and in determining what services are to be reported to the Office of Management and Budget in the advisory and assistance services object class), the Secretary of Defense shall apply to the terms used for the definition of “advisory and assistance services” in paragraph (2)(A) of that section the following meanings (subject to the authorized exemptions):
|
||||
|
||||
(1) Management and professional support services.— The term “management and professional support services” (used in clause (i) of section 1105(g)(2)(A) of title 31) means services that provide engineering or technical support, assistance, advice, or training for the efficient and effective management and operation of organizations, activities, or systems. Those services—
|
||||
|
||||
(A) are closely related to the basic responsibilities and mission of the using organization; and
|
||||
|
||||
(B) include efforts that support or contribute to improved organization or program management, logistics management, project monitoring and reporting, data collection, budgeting, accounting, auditing, and administrative or technical support for conferences and training programs.
|
||||
|
||||
(2) Studies, analyses, and evaluations.— The term “studies, analyses, and evaluations” (used in clause (ii) of section 1105(g)(2)(A) of title 31) means services that provide organized, analytic assessments to understand or evaluate complex issues to improve policy development, decisionmaking, management, or administration and that result in documents containing data or leading to conclusions or recommendations. Those services may include databases, models, methodologies, and related software created in support of a study, analysis, or evaluation.
|
||||
|
||||
(3) Engineering and technical services.— The term “engineering and technical services” (used in clause (iii) of section 1105(g)(2)(A) of title 31) means services that take the form of advice, assistance, training, or hands-on training necessary to maintain and operate fielded weapon systems, equipment, and components (including software when applicable) at design or required levels of effectiveness.
|
||||
|
||||
(c) Proper Classification of Advisory and Assistance Services.— Before the submission to the Office of Management and Budget of the proposed Department of Defense budget for inclusion in the President’s budget for a fiscal year pursuant to section 1105 of title 31, the Secretary of Defense, acting through the Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller), shall conduct a review of Department of Defense services expected to be performed as contract services during the fiscal year for which that budget is to be submitted in order to ensure that those services that are advisory and assistance services (as defined in accordance with subsection (b)) are in fact properly classified, in accordance with that subsection, in the advisory and assistance services object class.
|
||||
|
||||
(d) Report to Congress.— The Secretary shall submit to Congress each year, not later than 30 days after the date on which the budget for the next fiscal year is submitted pursuant to section 1105 of title 31, a report containing the information derived from the review under subsection (c).
|
||||
|
||||
(e) Assessment by Comptroller General.— (1) The Comptroller General shall conduct a review of the report of the Secretary of Defense under subsection (d) each year and shall—
|
||||
|
||||
(A) assess the methodology used by the Secretary in obtaining the information submitted to Congress in that report; and
|
||||
|
||||
(B) assess the information submitted to Congress in that report.
|
||||
|
||||
(2) Not later than 120 days after the date on which the Secretary submits to Congress the report required under subsection (d) for any year, the Comptroller General shall submit to Congress the Comptroller General’s report containing the results of the review for that year under paragraph (1).
|
||||
|
||||
(f) Definitions.— In this section:
|
||||
|
||||
(1) The term “contract services” means all services that are reported to the Office of Management and Budget pursuant to OMB Circular A–11 (relating to preparation and submission of budget estimates) in budget object classes that are designated in the Object Class 25 series.
|
||||
|
||||
(2) The term “advisory and assistance services object class” means those contract services constituting the budget object class that is denominated “Advisory and Assistance Service” and designated (as of October 17, 1998) as Object Class 25.1 (or any similar object class established after October 17, 1998, for the reporting of obligations for advisory and assistance contract services).
|
||||
|
||||
(3) The term “miscellaneous services object class” means those contract services constituting the budget object class that is denominated “Other Services (services not otherwise specified in the 25 series)” and designated (as of October 17, 1998) as Object Class 25.2 (or any similar object class established after October 17, 1998, for the reporting of obligations for miscellaneous or unspecified contract services).
|
||||
|
||||
(4) The term “authorized exemptions” means those exemptions authorized (as of October 17, 1998) under Department of Defense Directive 4205.2, captioned “Acquiring and Managing Contracted Advisory and Assistance Services (CAAS)” and issued by the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Technology on February 10, 1992, such exemptions being set forth in Enclosure 3 to that directive (captioned “CAAS Exemptions”).
|
||||
|
||||
(Added Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title IX, § 911(a)(1), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2097, § 2212; amended Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title X, § 1066(a)(17), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 771; renumbered § 3138, Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, § 1809(i)(1), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4162.)
|
||||
|
||||
## Notes
|
||||
|
||||
Editorial Notes
|
||||
|
||||
Amendments2021—Pub. L. 116–283 renumbered section 2212 of this title as this section. 1999—Subsec. (f)(2), (3). Pub. L. 106–65 substituted “as of October 17, 1998” for “as of the date of the enactment of this section” and “after October 17, 1998,” for “after the date of the enactment of this section”. Subsec. (f)(4). Pub. L. 106–65, § 1066(a)(17)(B), substituted “as of October 17, 1998” for “as of the date of the enactment of this section”.
|
||||
|
||||
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
|
||||
|
||||
Change of Name Reference to Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Technology deemed to refer to Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics, pursuant to section 911(a)(1) of Pub. L. 106–65, formerly set out as a note under section 133 of this title.
|
||||
|
||||
Effective Date of 2021 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 116–283 effective Jan. 1, 2022, with additional provisions for delayed implementation and applicability of existing law, see section 1801(d) of Pub. L. 116–283, set out as a note preceding section 3001 of this title.
|
||||
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