Legal corpus: U.S. Code titles 1–11 from pinned OLRC XML (11,050 sections)

Raw OLRC USLM XML zips @ release 119-100 (retrieved 2026-07-04 via
Atlas depot), ingested with the standard pipeline: raw snapshot ->
per-section OKF markdown -> manifest + checksums. Title 52 untouched.
LegalText: 171 -> 11,221. Titles 12-54 await a clean OLRC retry.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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title: "10 U.S.C. § 9082"
description: "Chief of Space Operations"
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title_number: 10
title_name: "ARMED FORCES"
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# 10 U.S.C. § 9082 - Chief of Space Operations
## Text
(a) Appointment.— (1) There is a Chief of Space Operations, appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, from the general officers of the Space Force. The Chief serves at the pleasure of the President.
(2) The Chief shall be appointed for a term of four years. In time of war or during a national emergency declared by Congress, the Chief may be reappointed for a term of not more than four years.
(3) The President may appoint an officer as Chief of Space Operations only if—
(A) the officer has had significant experience in joint duty assignments; and
(B) such experience includes at least one full tour of duty in a joint duty assignment (as defined in section 664(d) of this title) as a general officer of the Space Force.
(4) The President may waive paragraph (3) in the case of an officer if the President determines such action is necessary in the national interest.
(b) Grade.— The Chief, while so serving, has the grade of general without vacating the permanent grade of the officer.
(c) Relationship to the Secretary of the Air Force.— Except as otherwise prescribed by law and subject to section 9013(f) of this title, the Chief performs the duties of such position under the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary of the Air Force and is directly responsible to the Secretary.
(d) Duties.— Subject to the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary of the Air Force, the Chief shall—
(1) preside over the Office of the Chief of Space Operations;
(2) transmit the plans and recommendations of the Office of the Chief of Space Operations to the Secretary and advise the Secretary with regard to such plans and recommendations;
(3) after approval of the plans or recommendations of the Office of the Chief of Space Operations by the Secretary, act as the agent of the Secretary in carrying them into effect;
(4) exercise supervision, consistent with the authority assigned to commanders of unified or specified combatant commands under chapter 6 of this title, over such of the members and organizations of the Space Force as the Secretary determines;
(5) perform duties prescribed for the Chief of Space Operations by sections 171 and 3104 of this title and other provisions of law; and
(6) perform such other military duties, not otherwise assigned by law, as are assigned to the Chief by the President, the Secretary of Defense, or the Secretary of the Air Force.
(e) Joint Chiefs of Staff.— (1) The Chief of Space Operations shall be a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
(2) To the extent that such action does not impair the independence of the Chief in the performance of the duties of the Chief as a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff pursuant to paragraph (1), the Chief shall inform the Secretary of the Air Force regarding military advice rendered by members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff on matters affecting the Department of the Air Force.
(3) Subject to the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary of Defense, the Chief shall keep the Secretary of the Air Force fully informed of significant military operations affecting the duties and responsibilities of the Secretary.
(f) Vacancy in Position of Chief of Space Operations.— When there is a vacancy in the position of Chief of Space Operations or during the absence or disability of the Chief of Space Operations—
(1) the Vice Chief of Space Operations shall perform the duties of the Chief of Space Operations until a successor is appointed or the absence or disability ceases; or
(2) if there is a vacancy in the position of the Vice Chief of Space Operations or the Vice Chief of Space Operations is absent or disabled, unless the President directs otherwise, the most senior officer of the Space Force in the Space Staff who is not absent or disabled and who is not restricted in performance of duty shall perform the duties of the Chief of Space Operations until the earliest of—
(A) the appointment of a successor to the Chief of Space Operations or the Vice Chief of Space Operations; or
(B) the cessation of the absence or disability of the Chief of Space Operations or Vice Chief of Space Operations.
(Added Pub. L. 11692, div. A, title IX, § 953(a), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1563; amended Pub. L. 116283, div. A, title IX, § 922(c), title XVIII, § 1883(b)(2), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3806, 4294; Pub. L. 11831, div. A, title XVII, § 1741(b)(7), Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 681; Pub. L. 118159, div. A, title V, §§ 509C(b), 521(j), Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 1873, 1882.)
## Notes
Editorial Notes
Amendments2024—Subsec. (a)(1), (3)(B). Pub. L. 118159, § 521(j)(1), struck out “, flag, or equivalent” after “general”. Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 118159, § 521(j)(2), substituted “grade of general” for “grade in the Space Force equivalent to the grade of general in the Army, Air Force, and Marine Corps, or admiral in the Navy”. Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 118159, § 509C(b), added subsec. (f). 2023—Subsec. (d)(5). Pub. L. 11831, § 1741(b)(7)(A), substituted “sections 171 and 3104 of this title and other provisions of law” for “sections 171, 1808(a), and 1847(e)(4)(B), (5) of this title and other provision of law”. Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 11831, § 1741(b)(7)(B), substituted “The Chief” for “Commencing one year after the date of the enactment of the United States Space Force Act, the Chief”. 2021—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 116283, § 922(c)(1)(A), substituted “general, flag, or equivalent officers of the Space Force” for “general officers of the Air Force”. Subsec. (a)(3), (4). Pub. L. 116283, § 922(c)(1)(B), added pars. (3) and (4). Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 116283, § 922(c)(2), substituted “grade in the Space Force equivalent to the grade of general in the Army, Air Force, and Marine Corps, or admiral in the Navy” for “grade of general”. Subsec. (d)(5). Pub. L. 116283, § 922(c)(3), added par. (5). Former par. (5) redesignated (6). Pub. L. 116283, § 1883(b)(2), substituted “, 1808(a), and 1847(e)(4)(B), (5)” for “and 2547”. Subsec. (d)(6). Pub. L. 116283, § 922(c)(3), redesignated par. (5) as (6).
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 2021 AmendmentAmendment by section 1883(b)(2) of Pub. L. 116283 effective Jan. 1, 2022, with additional provisions for delayed implementation and applicability of existing law, see section 1801(d) of Pub. L. 116283, set out as a note preceding section 3001 of this title.
Designation of Force Design Architect for Department of Defense Space SystemsPub. L. 11781, div. A, title XVI, § 1602(b)(4), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2077, provided that: “Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 27, 2021], the Secretary of Defense shall— “(A) designate the Chief of Space Operations the force design architect for space systems of the Armed Forces; and “(B) submit to the congressional defense committees [Committee on Armed Services and Committee on Appropriations of the Senate and House of Representatives] a certification of such designation.”
ServicePub. L. 11692, div. A, title IX, § 953(b), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1564, provided that: “(1) Incumbent.—The individual serving as Commander of the Air Force Space Command as of the day before the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 20, 2019] may serve as the Chief of Space Operations under subsection (a) of section 9082 of title 10, United States Code (as added by subsection (a) of this section), after that date without further appointment as otherwise provided for by subsection (a) of such section 9082. “(2) U.S. space command.—During the one-year period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense may authorize an officer serving as the Chief of Space Operations to serve concurrently as the Commander of the United States Space Command, without further appointment.”
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# 10 U.S.C. § 9083 - Vice Chief of Space Operations
## Text
(a) Appointment.— There is a Vice Chief of Space Operations, appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, from the general officers of the Space Force.
(b) Grade.— The Vice Chief of Space Operations, while so serving, has the grade of general without vacating the permanent grade of the officer.
(c) Duties.— The Vice Chief of Space Operations shall have such authorities and duties with respect to the Space Force as the Chief of Space Operations, with the approval of the Secretary of the Air Force, may delegate to or prescribe for the Vice Chief of Space Operations. Orders issued by the Vice Chief of Space Operations in performing such duties have the same effect as orders issued by the Chief of Space Operations.
(Added Pub. L. 118159, div. A, title V, § 509C(a)(2), Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 1873.)
## Notes
Editorial Notes
Prior ProvisionsA prior section 9083 was renumbered section 9084 of this title. Another prior section 9083, added Pub. L. 107107, div. A, title IX, § 912(a), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1196, § 8084; amended Pub. L. 108375, div. A, title X, § 1084(d)(32), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 2063; renumbered § 9084, Pub. L. 115232, div. A, title VIII, § 806(c), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1833; renumbered § 9068, Pub. L. 11692, div. A, title IX, § 952(b)(1), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1561; renumbered § 9083, Pub. L. 11692, div. A, title IX, § 952(e), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1562, related to a career field for officers in the Air Force with technical competence in space-related matters, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 116283, div. A, title IX, § 921(a), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3804.
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# 10 U.S.C. § 9084 - Office of the Chief of Space Operations: function; composition
## Text
(a) Function.— There is in the executive part of the Department of the Air Force an Office of the Chief of Space Operations to assist the Secretary of the Air Force in carrying out the responsibilities of the Secretary.
(b) Composition.— The Office of the Chief of Space Operations is composed of the following:
(1) The Chief of Space Operations.
(2) Other members of the Space Force and Air Force assigned or detailed to the Office of the Chief of Space Operations.
(3) Civilian employees in the Department of the Air Force assigned or detailed to the Office of the Chief of Space Operations.
(c) Organization.— Except as otherwise specifically prescribed by law, the Office of the Chief of Space Operations shall be organized in such manner, and the members of the Office of the Chief of Space Operations shall perform such duties and have such titles, as the Secretary of the Air Force may prescribe.
(Added Pub. L. 116283, div. A, title IX, § 921(a), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3805, § 9083; renumbered § 9084, Pub. L. 118159, div. A, title V, § 509C(a)(1), Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 1873.)
## Notes
Editorial Notes
Codification Another section 9084 was renumbered section 9087 of this title.
Prior ProvisionsA prior section 9084 was renumbered section 9085 of this title. Another prior section 9084 was successively renumbered section 9068, then 9083, of this title by Pub. L. 11692, div. A, title IX, § 952(b)(1), (e), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1561, 1562, and was subsequently repealed by Pub. L. 116283, div. A, title IX, § 921(a), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3804.
Amendments2024—Pub. L. 118159 renumbered section 9083 of this title as this section.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective DatePub. L. 116283, div. A, title IX, § 921(c), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3805, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [enacting this section and section 9084 of this title relating to general duties of the Office of the Chief of Space Operations, repealing former section 9083 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note below] shall take effect on the date on which the Secretary of the Air Force and the Chief of Space Operations jointly submit to the congressional defense committees [Committees on Armed Services and Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives] a report detailing the functions that the headquarters staff of the Department of the Air Force will continue to perform in support of the Space Force.”
No Authorization of Additional Military BilletsPub. L. 116283, div. A, title IX, § 921(d), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3806, provided that: “The Secretary shall establish the Office of the Chief of Space Operations under section 9083 of title 10, United States Code [now 10 U.S.C. 9084], as amended by subsection (a), using military personnel otherwise authorized. Nothing in this section [enacting this section and section 9084 of this title relating to general duties of the Office of the Chief of Space Operations, repealing former section 9083 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note above] or the amendments made by this section shall be construed to authorize additional military billets for the purposes of, or in connection with, the establishment of the Office of the Chief of Space Operations.”
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# 10 U.S.C. § 9085 - Office of the Chief of Space Operations: general duties
## Text
(a) Professional Assistance.— The Office of the Chief of Space Operations shall furnish professional assistance to the Secretary, the Under Secretary, and the Assistant Secretaries of the Air Force and to the Chief of Space Operations.
(b) Authorities.— Under the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary of the Air Force, the Office of the Chief of Space Operations shall—
(1) subject to subsections (c) and (d) of section 9014 of this title, prepare for such employment of the Space Force, and for such recruiting, organizing, supplying, equipping (including research and development), training, servicing, mobilizing, demobilizing, administering, and maintaining of the Space Force, as will assist in the execution of any power, duty, or function of the Secretary of the Air Force or the Chief of Space Operations;
(2) investigate and report upon the efficiency of the Space Force and its preparation to support military operations by commanders of the combatant commands;
(3) prepare detailed instructions for the execution of approved plans and supervise the execution of those plans and instructions;
(4) as directed by the Secretary of the Air Force or the Chief of Space Operations, coordinate the action of organizations of the Space Force; and
(5) perform such other duties, not otherwise assigned by law, as may be prescribed by the Secretary of the Air Force.
(Added Pub. L. 116283, div. A, title IX, § 921(a), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3805, § 9084; renumbered § 9085, Pub. L. 118159, div. A, title V, § 509C(a)(1), Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 1873.)
## Notes
Editorial Notes
Prior ProvisionsA prior section 9085 was renumbered section 9086 of this title.
Amendments2024—Pub. L. 118159 renumbered section 9084 of this title as this section.
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# 10 U.S.C. § 9086 - Regular Space Force: composition
## Text
(a) In General.— The Regular Space Force is the component of the Space Force that consists of persons whose continuous service on active duty in both peace and war is contemplated by law, and of retired members of the Regular Space Force.
(b) Composition.— The Regular Space Force includes—
(1) the officers and enlisted members of the Regular Space Force; and
(2) the retired officers and enlisted members of the Regular Space Force.
(Added Pub. L. 116283, div. A, title IX, § 922(d), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3807, § 9085; renumbered § 9086, Pub. L. 118159, div. A, title V, § 509C(a)(1), Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 1873.)
## Notes
Repeal of SectionPub. L. 11831, div. A, title XVII, § 1735(c), Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 677, provided that, effective on the date on which the certification by the Secretary of the Air Force is submitted under section 1735(a) of Pub. L. 11831, this section is repealed.
Editorial Notes
Prior ProvisionsA prior section 9086 was renumbered section 9087 of this title.
Amendments2024—Pub. L. 118159 renumbered section 9085 of this title as this section.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of RepealRepeal effective on the date on which the certification by the Secretary of the Air Force is submitted under section 1735(a) of Pub. L. 11831, see section 1735(c)(2) of Pub. L. 11831, set out in a Transitions Provisions note under section 20001 of this title.
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# 10 U.S.C. § 9087 - Space Development Agency
## Text
(a) In General.— (1) There is a Space Development Agency of the Department of Defense (in this section referred to as the “Agency”). The Director of the Space Development Agency shall be the head of the Agency.
(2) Effective on October 1, 2022—
(A) the Agency shall be an element of the Space Force; and
(B) the Director shall report—
(i) pursuant to section 9016(b)(6)(B)(iv)(III) of this title, to the Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Space Acquisition and Integration with respect to acquisition decisions; and
(ii) directly to the Chief of Space Operations with respect to requirements decisions, personnel decisions, and any other matter not covered by clause (i).
(b) Development and Integration Authorities.— The Director shall lead—
(1) the development and demonstration of a resilient military space-based sensing, tracking, and data transport architecture that uses proliferated low-Earth orbit systems and services;
(2) the integration of next-generation space capabilities, such as novel sensors (including with respect to alternate navigation, and autonomous battle management features), and sensor and tracking components (including a hypersonic and ballistic missile tracking space sensor payload pursuant to section 1645 of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021), into the architecture specified in paragraph (1) to address the requirements and needs of the armed forces and combatant commands for such capabilities;
(3) the procurement of commercial capabilities and services, including—
(A) options for integrating payloads on commercial buses and spacecraft into existing commercial architectures; and
(B) innovative commercial capabilities and services, such as on-orbit servicing or in-space transportation systems, that could extend the life of space systems, rapidly respond to threats, or contribute to resilience; and
(4) the rapid introduction, acquisition, and iteration of cost-effective, resilient solutions that leverage planned and existing commercial low-Earth orbit capabilities or innovative capabilities.
(c) Budget Materials and Program Elements.— Beginning not later than with respect to fiscal year 2023 and each fiscal year thereafter—
(1) in the budget justification materials submitted to Congress in support of the Department of Defense budget for a fiscal year (as submitted with the budget of the President under section 1105(a) of title 31), the amount requested for the activities of the Agency shall be separate from the other activities of the Space Force; and
(2) the Secretary of Defense shall ensure that the programs of the Agency are assigned program elements different from other program elements of the Space Force.
(d) Delegation of Authorities.— (1) With respect to tranche 0 capabilities and tranche 1 capabilities, to the extent practicable, the Secretary of the Air Force, acting through the Service Acquisition Executive for Space Systems and Programs, shall ensure the delegation to the Agency of—
(A) head of contracting authority; and
(B) milestone decision authority for the middle tier of acquisition programs.
(2) (A) The Service Acquisition Executive for Space Systems and Programs may rescind the delegation of authority under paragraph (1) for cause or on a case-by-case basis.
(B) Not later than 30 days after the date of a rescission under subparagraph (A), the Secretary of the Air Force shall notify the congressional defense committees of such rescission.
(3) In this subsection:
(A) The term “tranche 0 capabilities” means capabilities relating to transport, battle management, tracking, custody, navigation, deterrence, and support, that are intended to be achieved by September 30, 2022.
(B) The term “tranche 1 capabilities” means capabilities relating to transport, battle management, tracking, custody, navigation, deterrence, and support, that are intended to be achieved by September 30, 2024.
(Added Pub. L. 116283, div. A, title XVI, § 1601(a), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4041, § 9084; renumbered § 9086 and amended Pub. L. 11781, div. A, title X, § 1081(a)(33), title XVI, § 1603, Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 1921, 2077; renumbered § 9087, Pub. L. 118159, div. A, title V, § 509C(a)(1), Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 1873.)
## Notes
Editorial Notes
References in TextSection 1645 of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, referred to in subsec. (b)(2), is section 1645 of Pub. L. 116283, div. A, title XVI, Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4064. Subsec. (g) of section 1645 amended provisions formerly set out as a note under section 2431 of this title. Subsecs. (a) to (f) of section 1645 are not classified to the Code.
Amendments2024—Pub. L. 118159 renumbered section 9086 of this title as this section. 2021—Pub. L. 11781, § 1081(a)(33), renumbered section 9084 of this title, as added by section 1601(a) of Pub. L. 116283, as this section. Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 11781, § 1603, added subsec. (d).
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
TransitionPub. L. 116283, div. A, title XVI, § 1601(d), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4042, provided that: “(1) Transfer.—Effective on October 1, 2022, the Secretary of Defense shall transfer the Space Development Agency from the Office of the Secretary of Defense to the Space Force. “(2) Funding, duties, responsibilities, and personnel.—Except as provided by section 9084 of title 10, United States Code [now 10 U.S.C. 9085], the transfer under paragraph (1) of the Space Development Agency from the Office of the Secretary of Defense to the Space Force shall include the transfer of the funding, duties, responsibilities, and personnel of the Agency as of the day before the date of the transfer.”
Review of Space Development Agency Exemption From Joint Capabilities Integration and Development SystemPub. L. 117263, div. A, title XVI, § 1608, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 2932, provided that: “(a) Review.—Not later than March 31, 2023, the Secretary of Defense shall complete a review regarding whether the Space Development Agency should be exempt from the Joint Capabilities Integration and Development System. “(b) Recommendation.—Not later than 30 days after the date on which the review under subsection (a) is completed, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the congressional defense committees [Committees on Armed Services and Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives] a recommendation as to whether the exemption described in such subsection should apply to the Space Development Agency. “(c) Implementation.—Not later than 60 days after the date on which the recommendation is submitted under subsection (b), the Secretary of the Air Force and the Director of the Space Development Agency shall implement the recommendation.”
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# 10 U.S.C. § 9088 - Duty assignments after officer training course
## Text
(a) Requirement.— The Secretary of the Air Force shall ensure that members of the Space Force who complete an initial Space Force officer training course are assigned—
(1) in a manner that sustains acquisition billet manning levels comparably to operational billet manning levels; and
(2) to Space Force billets allocated to the National Reconnaissance Office at a manning level that is sufficient to maintain effective operation of the National Reconnaissance Office.
(b) Report.— Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026, and not later than October 31 of each year through 2030, the Secretary of the Air Force shall submit to the Committees on Armed Forces of the Senate and the House of Representatives a report describing—
(1) the number and percentage of authorized and assigned Space Force officer billets, by grade and year group, within—
(A) acquisition career fields; and
(B) operational career fields;
(2) the manning rate for junior officer billets of the Space Force, disaggregated by career field and organization, including the National Reconnaissance Office;
(3) any identified shortfalls or imbalances in acquisition manning relative to operational manning in the Space Force; and
(4) actions taken or planned to achieve and sustain comparable manning levels for billets in acquisition and operations for Space Force officers.
(Added Pub. L. 11960, div. A, title XVI, § 1601(a), Dec. 18, 2025, 139 Stat. 1172.)
## Notes
Editorial Notes
References in TextThe date of the enactment of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026, referred to in subsec. (b), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 11960, which was approved Dec. 18, 2025.
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# 10 U.S.C. § 9089 - Program Executive Officer for Assured Access to Space
## Text
(a) Establishment.— (1) There is a Program Executive Officer for Assured Access to Space within the Space Force.
(2) The Program Executive Officer for Assured Access to Space shall serve a term of four years.
(b) Grade.— The Program Executive Officer for Assured Access to Space, while so serving, shall have the grade of brigadier general, major general, lieutenant general, or general.
(c) Additional Duties.— The Program Executive Officer for Assured Access to Space, while serving as the Program Executive Officer, shall also serve as the Commander of Space Launch Delta 45.
(Added Pub. L. 11960, div. A, title XVI, § 1601(b), Dec. 18, 2025, 139 Stat. 1173.)