Legislation: batch E — CA TN VA VT WA WI WV WY

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>

legislation/us/states/va/2023/hb-2392.md

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+---
+type: "Bill"
+title: "Towing and recovery operators; attorney fees and costs."
+description: "Towing and recovery operators; attorney fees and costs."
+jurisdiction: "us/states/va"
+legislature: "Virginia General Assembly"
+session: "2023"
+identifier: "HB 2392"
+citation: "Virginia HB 2392 (2023)"
+classification: ["bill"]
+subjects: []
+status: "enacted"
+primary_sponsors: ["Austin"]
+version_count: 4
+action_count: 27
+vote_count: 6
+first_action: "2023-01-17"
+last_action: "2023-03-22"
+source: "openstates"
+source_identifier: "ocd-bill/0c3260c7-bf5c-46c6-8afc-f2074d333815"
+source_url: "https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?231+sum+HB2392"
+source_hash: "2e84e5469d27529dca1bc2afbdd1169cca35ab59cf7c1eacb5299cbf5bf8c39c"
+vintage: "2026-07-01"
+source_snapshot: "https://data.openstates.org/daily/2026-07-01/public.pgdump"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-06"
+confidence: "reported"
+tags: ["legislation", "bill", "us-va"]
+---
+
+# Virginia HB 2392 (2023) — Towing and recovery operators; attorney fees and costs.
+
+## Version chain
+
+The bill's text revisions, in order — the diff chain from filing to enrollment.
+
+1. **CHAP0198** (committee substitute) — [source](https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?231+ful+CHAP0198)
+2. **HB2392ER** (committee substitute) — [source](https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?231+ful+HB2392ER)
+3. **Presented and ordered printed 23101523D** (committee substitute) — [source](https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?231+ful+HB2392)
+4. **Printed as engrossed 23101523D-E** (committee substitute) — [source](https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?231+ful+HB2392E)
+
+## Votes
+
+- Subcommittee recommends reporting with amendments (8-Y 0-N) — **0–0** (fail) · lower
+- VOTE: Passage (59-Y 40-N) — **0–0** (fail) · lower
+- Reported from Transportation with amendment(s) (21-Y 1-N) — **0–0** (fail) · lower
+- Reported from Transportation (15-Y 0-N) — **0–0** (fail) · upper
+- Constitutional reading dispensed (40-Y 0-N) — **0–0** (fail) · upper
+- Passed Senate (34-Y 6-N) — **0–0** (fail) · upper
+
+## Sponsors
+
+- Austin — primary (person)
+
+## Timeline
+
+The legislative action history — every referral, reading, and vote.
+
+- **2023-01-17** Presented and ordered printed 23101523D `introduction`
+- **2023-01-17** Referred to Committee on Transportation `referral-committee`
+- **2023-01-20** Assigned Transportation sub: Subcommittee #2 Transportation Infrastructure and Funding `referral-committee`
+- **2023-01-31** House subcommittee amendments and substitutes offered
+- **2023-01-31** Subcommittee recommends reporting with amendments (8-Y 0-N)
+- **2023-02-02** Reported from Transportation with amendment(s) (21-Y 1-N) `committee-passage`
+- **2023-02-05** Read first time `reading-1`
+- **2023-02-06** Read second time `reading-2`
+- **2023-02-06** Committee amendment agreed to `amendment-passage`
+- **2023-02-06** Engrossed by House as amended HB2392E
+- **2023-02-06** Printed as engrossed 23101523D-E
+- **2023-02-07** Read third time and passed House (59-Y 40-N) `passage, reading-3`
+- **2023-02-07** VOTE: Passage (59-Y 40-N) `passage`
+- **2023-02-08** Constitutional reading dispensed
+- **2023-02-08** Referred to Committee on Transportation `referral-committee`
+- **2023-02-16** Reported from Transportation (15-Y 0-N) `committee-passage`
+- **2023-02-20** Constitutional reading dispensed (40-Y 0-N)
+- **2023-02-21** Read third time `reading-3`
+- **2023-02-21** Passed Senate (34-Y 6-N) `passage`
+- **2023-02-24** Enrolled `enrolled`
+- **2023-02-24** Bill text as passed House and Senate (HB2392ER) `passage`
+- **2023-02-24** Signed by Speaker `passage`
+- **2023-02-25** Signed by President `passage`
+- **2023-03-02** Enrolled Bill communicated to Governor on March 2, 2023 `enrolled, executive-receipt`
+- **2023-03-02** Governor's Action Deadline 11:59 p.m., March 27, 2023 `executive-receipt`
+- **2023-03-22** Approved by Governor-Chapter 198 (effective 7/1/23) `executive-signature`
+- **2023-03-22** Acts of Assembly Chapter text (CHAP0198)
+
+## Source
+
+OpenStates / OpenCivicData bulk snapshot [2026-07-01](https://data.openstates.org/daily/2026-07-01/public.pgdump); origin `ocd-bill/0c3260c7-bf5c-46c6-8afc-f2074d333815`. Confidence: reported (aggregated from official Virginia legislature records).
+