Legislation: batch E — CA TN VA VT WA WI WV WY

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>

legislation/us/states/va/2023/sb-978.md

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+---
+type: "Bill"
+title: "Keeper of vehicles; liens, certain towing and recovery drivers and operators."
+description: "Keeper of vehicles; liens, certain towing and recovery drivers and operators."
+jurisdiction: "us/states/va"
+legislature: "Virginia General Assembly"
+session: "2023"
+identifier: "SB 978"
+citation: "Virginia SB 978 (2023)"
+classification: ["bill"]
+subjects: []
+status: "enacted"
+primary_sponsors: ["Marsden"]
+version_count: 4
+action_count: 33
+vote_count: 7
+first_action: "2023-01-06"
+last_action: "2023-03-23"
+source: "openstates"
+source_identifier: "ocd-bill/d59081c6-f011-4d99-a5eb-38b0ed0d806f"
+source_url: "https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?231+sum+SB978"
+source_hash: "0e9e7ad00aabfd2ae2f67ddba8d44526113133a45fdb924fc02dc841801a8c3b"
+vintage: "2026-07-01"
+source_snapshot: "https://data.openstates.org/daily/2026-07-01/public.pgdump"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-06"
+confidence: "reported"
+tags: ["legislation", "bill", "us-va"]
+---
+
+# Virginia SB 978 (2023) — Keeper of vehicles; liens, certain towing and recovery drivers and operators.
+
+## Version chain
+
+The bill's text revisions, in order — the diff chain from filing to enrollment.
+
+1. **CHAP0317** (committee substitute) — [source](https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?231+ful+CHAP0317)
+2. **Committee substitute printed 23106128D-S1** (committee substitute) — [source](https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?231+ful+SB978S1)
+3. **Prefiled and ordered printed; offered 01/11/23 23100535D** (committee substitute) — [source](https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?231+ful+SB978)
+4. **SB978ER** (committee substitute) — [source](https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?231+ful+SB978ER)
+
+## Votes
+
+- Passed Senate (39-Y 0-N) — **0–0** (fail) · upper
+- Constitutional reading dispensed (39-Y 0-N) — **0–0** (fail) · upper
+- Constitutional reading dispensed (38-Y 0-N) — **0–0** (fail) · upper
+- Reported from Transportation (22-Y 0-N) — **0–0** (fail) · lower
+- Reported from Transportation with substitute (15-Y 0-N) — **0–0** (fail) · upper
+- VOTE: Block Vote Passage (99-Y 0-N) — **0–0** (fail) · lower
+- Subcommittee recommends reporting (8-Y 0-N) — **0–0** (fail) · lower
+
+## Sponsors
+
+- Marsden — primary (person)
+
+## Timeline
+
+The legislative action history — every referral, reading, and vote.
+
+- **2023-01-06** Prefiled and ordered printed; offered 01/11/23 23100535D `filing, introduction`
+- **2023-01-06** Referred to Committee on Transportation `referral-committee`
+- **2023-01-16** Impact statement from DPB (SB978)
+- **2023-02-02** Senate committee, floor amendments and substitutes offered
+- **2023-02-02** Reported from Transportation with substitute (15-Y 0-N) `committee-passage`
+- **2023-02-02** Committee substitute printed 23106128D-S1 `substitution`
+- **2023-02-03** Constitutional reading dispensed (38-Y 0-N)
+- **2023-02-06** Read second time `reading-2`
+- **2023-02-06** Reading of substitute waived
+- **2023-02-06** Committee substitute agreed to 23106128D-S1 `substitution`
+- **2023-02-06** Engrossed by Senate - committee substitute SB978S1 `substitution`
+- **2023-02-06** Constitutional reading dispensed (39-Y 0-N)
+- **2023-02-06** Passed Senate (39-Y 0-N) `passage`
+- **2023-02-08** Placed on Calendar
+- **2023-02-08** Read first time `reading-1`
+- **2023-02-08** Referred to Committee on Transportation `referral-committee`
+- **2023-02-08** Assigned Transportation sub: Subcommittee #2 Transportation Infrastructure and Funding `referral-committee`
+- **2023-02-10** Impact statement from DPB (SB978S1)
+- **2023-02-14** Subcommittee recommends reporting (8-Y 0-N)
+- **2023-02-16** Reported from Transportation (22-Y 0-N) `committee-passage`
+- **2023-02-20** Read second time `reading-2`
+- **2023-02-21** Read third time `reading-3`
+- **2023-02-21** Passed House BLOCK VOTE (99-Y 0-N) `passage`
+- **2023-02-21** VOTE: Block Vote Passage (99-Y 0-N) `passage`
+- **2023-02-24** Enrolled `enrolled`
+- **2023-02-24** Bill text as passed Senate and House (SB978ER) `passage`
+- **2023-02-24** Signed by President `passage`
+- **2023-02-24** Signed by Speaker `passage`
+- **2023-02-27** Impact statement from DPB (SB978ER)
+- **2023-03-02** Enrolled Bill Communicated to Governor on March 2, 2023 `enrolled`
+- **2023-03-02** Governor's Action Deadline 11:59 p.m., March 27, 2023 `executive-receipt`
+- **2023-03-23** Approved by Governor-Chapter 317 (effective 7/1/23) `executive-signature`
+- **2023-03-23** Acts of Assembly Chapter text (CHAP0317)
+
+## Source
+
+OpenStates / OpenCivicData bulk snapshot [2026-07-01](https://data.openstates.org/daily/2026-07-01/public.pgdump); origin `ocd-bill/d59081c6-f011-4d99-a5eb-38b0ed0d806f`. Confidence: reported (aggregated from official Virginia legislature records).
+