Legal corpus: the complete U.S. Code (59,740 sections, all 53 titles)

Ingested titles 12–51 and 54 from OLRC USLM XML @119-100 (the whole Code now, uniform edition; Title 53 is reserved/empty). LegalText 11,221 -> 59,740; repo total 105,704 records. Deterministic (byte-identical rerun, verified on Title 42's 8,356 sections); make check green. make legal-us-code default now covers every title. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-07-06 10:51:44 -04:00
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+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "15 U.S.C. § 312"
+description: "Employees"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 15
+title_name: "COMMERCE AND TRADE"
+chapter_number: "9"
+chapter_name: "NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE"
+section: "312"
+citation: "15 U.S.C. § 312"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc15@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t15/s312"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-15/usc15.xml"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 15 U.S.C. § 312 - Employees
+
+## Text
+
+The National Weather Service shall consist of such civilian employees as Congress may annually provide for and as may be necessary to properly perform the duties devolving on said Service by law.
+
+(Oct. 1, 1890, ch. 1266, § 4, 26 Stat. 653; July 8, 1898, No. 57, 30 Stat. 752; 1965 Reorg. Plan No. 2, eff. July 13, 1965, 30 F.R. 8819, 79 Stat. 1318; 1970 Reorg. Plan No. 4, eff. Oct. 3, 1970, 35 F.R. 15627, 84 Stat. 2090.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+RepealsJoint Res. July 8, 1898, provided: “That the laws authorizing the detail and assignment of the officers of the Army to duty in the Weather Bureau be, and are hereby, repealed.”
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Transfer of Functions Office of Chief of Weather Bureau abolished and Weather Bureau consolidated with Coast and Geodetic Survey to form new agency in Department of Commerce known as Environmental Science Services Administration by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1965, eff. July 13, 1965, 30 F.R. 8819, 79 Stat. 1318, set out as a note under section 311 of this title. The Reorg. Plan also transferred to Secretary of Commerce functions of Bureau and Chief of Bureau. Subsequently, Environmental Science Services Administration abolished and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration established. By Department Organization Order 25–5A, Secretary delegated to NOAA his functions under this chapter of the Code. By order of Acting Associate Administrator of NOAA, organizational name of Weather Bureau changed to National Weather Service. For further details, see Codification note set out under section 311 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "15 U.S.C. § 313a"
+description: "Establishment of meteorological observation stations in the Arctic region"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 15
+title_name: "COMMERCE AND TRADE"
+chapter_number: "9"
+chapter_name: "NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE"
+section: "313a"
+citation: "15 U.S.C. § 313a"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc15@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t15/s313a"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-15/usc15.xml"
+source_hash: "338d971c699692d637b4308f13a74460a3c03c766b3642950eb294737b82a478"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 15 U.S.C. § 313a - Establishment of meteorological observation stations in the Arctic region
+
+## Text
+
+In order to improve the weather forecasting service of the United States and to promote safety and efficiency in civil air navigation to the highest possible degree, the Secretary of Commerce shall, in addition to his other functions and duties, take such action as may be necessary in the development of an international basic meteorological reporting network in the Arctic region of the Western Hemisphere, including the establishment, operation, and maintenance of such reporting stations in cooperation with the State Department and other United States governmental departments and agencies, with the meteorological services of foreign countries and with persons engaged in air commerce.
+
+(Feb. 12, 1946, ch. 4, § 1, 60 Stat. 4; 1965 Reorg. Plan No. 2, §§ 1, 2, eff. July 13, 1965, 30 F.R. 8819, 79 Stat. 1318.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+AppropriationsSection 2 of act Feb. 12, 1946, authorized appropriation of necessary funds to carry out provisions of this section.
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Transfer of Functions Office of Chief of Weather Bureau abolished and functions transferred to Secretary of Commerce by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1965, eff. July 13, 1965, 30 F.R. 8819, 79 Stat. 1318. For further details, see notes set out under section 311 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "15 U.S.C. § 313b"
+description: "Institute for Aviation Weather Prediction"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 15
+title_name: "COMMERCE AND TRADE"
+chapter_number: "9"
+chapter_name: "NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE"
+section: "313b"
+citation: "15 U.S.C. § 313b"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc15@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t15/s313b"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-15/usc15.xml"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 15 U.S.C. § 313b - Institute for Aviation Weather Prediction
+
+## Text
+
+The Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration shall establish an Institute for Aviation Weather Prediction. The Institute shall provide forecasts, weather warnings, and other weather services to the United States aviation community. The Institute shall expand upon the activities of the aviation unit currently at the National Severe Storms Forecast Center in Kansas City, Missouri, and shall be established in the Kansas City 11 So in original. Probably should be followed by a comma. Missouri 1 area. The Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration shall provide a full and fair opportunity for employees at the National Severe Storms Center to assume comparable duties and responsibilities within the Institute.
+
+(Pub. L. 102–588, title II, § 222, Nov. 4, 1992, 106 Stat. 5119.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Similar ProvisionsSimilar provisions were contained in Pub. L. 102–567, title I, § 112, Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 4278.
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "15 U.S.C. § 313c"
+description: "Authorized activities of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 15
+title_name: "COMMERCE AND TRADE"
+chapter_number: "9"
+chapter_name: "NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE"
+section: "313c"
+citation: "15 U.S.C. § 313c"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc15@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t15/s313c"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-15/usc15.xml"
+source_hash: "5aaa3347b18c176f08bd3fd49de5cafcee38ed0ca1f79439e6a3040195e40449"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 15 U.S.C. § 313c - Authorized activities of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
+
+## Text
+
+The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, through the United States Weather Research Program, shall—
+
+(1) improve the capability to accurately forecast inland flooding (including inland flooding influenced by coastal and ocean storms) through research and modeling;
+
+(2) develop, test, and deploy a new flood warning index that will give the public and emergency management officials fuller, clearer, and more accurate information about the risks and dangers posed by expected floods;
+
+(3) train emergency management officials, National Weather Service personnel, meteorologists, and others as appropriate regarding improved forecasting techniques for inland flooding, risk management techniques, and use of the inland flood warning index developed under paragraph (2);
+
+(4) conduct outreach and education activities for local meteorologists and the public regarding the dangers and risks associated with inland flooding and the use and understanding of the inland flood warning index developed under paragraph (2); and
+
+(5) assess, through research and analysis of previous trends, among other activities—
+
+(A) the long-term trends in frequency and severity of inland flooding; and
+
+(B) how shifts in climate, development, and erosion patterns might make certain regions vulnerable to more continual or escalating flood damage in the future.
+
+(Pub. L. 107–253, § 2, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1731.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Authorization of AppropriationsPub. L. 107–253, § 3, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1731, provided that: “There are authorized to be appropriated to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for carrying out this Act [see Short Title of 2002 Amendment note set out under section 311 of this title] $1,250,000 for each of the fiscal years 2003 through 2005, of which $100,000 for each fiscal year shall be available for competitive merit-reviewed grants to institutions of higher education (as defined in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001)) to carry out the activities described in section 2(5) [15 U.S.C. 313c(5)], and $1,150,000 for each of the fiscal years 2006 and 2007. Of the amounts authorized under this section, $250,000 for each fiscal year shall be available for competitive merit-reviewed grants to institutions of higher education (as defined in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001)) to develop models that can improve the ability to forecast the coastal and estuary-inland flooding that is influenced by tropical cyclones. The models should incorporate the interaction of such factors as storm surges, soil saturation, and other relevant phenomena.”
+
+ReportPub. L. 107–253, § 4, Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1732, required the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to provide Congress with annual reports through fiscal year 2007 on its activities under Pub. L. 107–253 (see Short Title note set out under section 311 of this title) and the success and acceptance of the inland flood warning index developed under par. (2) of this section and also to report by Jan. 1, 2006, on the likely long-term trends in inland flooding for use in outreach activities conducted under par. (4) of this section.
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "15 U.S.C. § 313d"
+description: "NIDIS program"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 15
+title_name: "COMMERCE AND TRADE"
+chapter_number: "9"
+chapter_name: "NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE"
+section: "313d"
+citation: "15 U.S.C. § 313d"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc15@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t15/s313d"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-15/usc15.xml"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 15 U.S.C. § 313d - NIDIS program
+
+## Text
+
+(a) In general The Under Secretary, through the National Weather Service and other appropriate weather and climate programs in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, shall establish a National Integrated Drought Information System to better inform and provide for more timely decisionmaking to reduce drought related impacts and costs.
+
+(b) System functions The National Integrated Drought Information System shall—
+
+(1) provide an effective drought early warning system that—
+
+(A) collects and integrates information on the key indicators of drought and drought impacts, including precipitation, soil moisture, and evaporative demand, in order to make usable, reliable, and timely forecasts of drought and assessments of the severity of drought conditions and impacts; and
+
+(B) provides such information, forecasts, and assessments on both national and regional levels;
+
+(2) communicate drought forecasts, drought conditions, and drought impacts on an ongoing basis to public and private entities engaged in drought planning and preparedness, including—
+
+(A) decisionmakers at the Federal, regional, State, tribal, and local levels of government;
+
+(B) the private sector; and
+
+(C) the public;
+
+(3) provide timely data, information, and products that reflect local, regional, watershed, and State differences in drought conditions;
+
+(4) coordinate, and integrate, through interagency agreements as practicable, Federal research and monitoring in support of a drought early warning information system;
+
+(5) utilize existing forecasting and assessment programs and partnerships, including forecast communication coordinators and cooperative institutes, and improvements in seasonal precipitation and temperature, subseasonal precipitation and temperature, and low flow water prediction; and
+
+(6) continue ongoing research and monitoring activities related to drought, including research activities relating to the prediction, length, severity, and impacts of drought and the role of extreme weather events and climate variability in drought.
+
+(c) Partnerships The National Integrated Drought Information System may—
+
+(1) engage with the private sector to improve drought monitoring, forecast, and communication if the Under Secretary determines the partnership is appropriate, cost-effective, and beneficial to the public and decisionmakers described in subsection (b)(2)(A);
+
+(2) facilitate the development of 1 or more academic cooperative partnerships to assist with National Integrated Drought Information System functions; and
+
+(3) utilize and support, as appropriate, monitoring by citizen scientists, including by developing best practices to facilitate maximum data integration.
+
+(d) Consultation The Under Secretary shall consult with relevant Federal, regional, State, tribal, and local government agencies, research institutions, and the private sector in the development and sustainment of the National Integrated Drought Information System.
+
+(e) Cooperation from other Federal agencies Each Federal agency shall cooperate as appropriate with the Under Secretary in carrying out this section.
+
+(f) Soil moisture Not later than 1 year after January 7, 2019, the Under Secretary, acting through the National Integrated Drought Information System, shall develop a strategy for a national coordinated soil moisture monitoring network.
+
+(Pub. L. 109–430, § 3, Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 2918; Pub. L. 113–86, § 2, Mar. 6, 2014, 128 Stat. 1015; Pub. L. 115–423, § 2(a), Jan. 7, 2019, 132 Stat. 5454.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThis section, referred to in subsec. (e), was in the original “this Act”, meaning Pub. L. 109–430, Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 2918, which enacted this section and provisions set out as notes under this section and section 311 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 2006 Amendment note set out under section 311 of this title and Tables.
+
+Amendments2019—Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 115–423, § 2(a)(1)(A), substituted “, including precipitation, soil moisture, and evaporative demand, in order to make usable, reliable, and timely forecasts of drought and” for “in order to make usable, reliable, and timely forecasts of drought, including”. Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 115–423, § 2(a)(1)(B), inserted “watershed,” after “regional,”. Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 115–423, § 2(a)(1)(C), inserted “, through interagency agreements” after “integrate”and “information” after “warning”. Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 115–423, § 2(a)(1)(D), amended par. (5) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (5) read as follows: “build upon existing forecasting and assessment programs and partnerships, including through the designation of one or more cooperative institutes to assist with National Integrated Drought Information System functions; and”. Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 115–423, § 2(a)(1)(E), inserted “the prediction,” after “relating to”. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 115–423, § 2(a)(3), added subsec. (c). Former subsec. (c) redesignated (d). Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 115–423, § 2(a)(2), (4), redesignated subsec. (c) as (d) and inserted “and sustainment” after “development”. Former subsec. (d) redesignated (e). Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 115–423, § 2(a)(2), redesignated subsec. (d) as (e). Former subsec. (e) redesignated (f). Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 115–423, § 2(a)(5), added subsec. (f) and struck out former subsec. (f), which related to report by Under Secretary to congressional committees regarding National Integrated Drought Information System program not later than 18 months after Mar. 6, 2014. Pub. L. 115–423, § 2(a)(2), redesignated subsec. (e) as (f). 2014—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 113–86, § 2(1), inserted “to better inform and provide for more timely decisionmaking to reduce drought related impacts and costs” before period at end. Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 113–86, § 2(2), added subsec. (b) and struck out former subsec. (b) which set out required functions of the National Integrated Drought Information System. Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 113–86, § 2(3), added subsec. (e).
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Authorization of AppropriationsPub. L. 109–430, § 4, Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 2919, as amended by Pub. L. 113–86, § 3, Mar. 6, 2014, 128 Stat. 1016; Pub. L. 115–423, § 2(b), Jan. 7, 2019, 132 Stat. 5455, provided that: “There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this Act— “(1) $13,500,000 for fiscal year 2019; “(2) $13,750,000 for fiscal year 2020; “(3) $14,000,000 for fiscal year 2021; “(4) $14,250,000 for fiscal year 2022; and “(5) $14,500,000 for fiscal year 2023.”
+
+Definitions Pub. L. 109–430, § 2, Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 2918, provided that: “In this Act [see Short Title of 2006 Amendment note set out under section 311 of this title]: “(1) Drought.—The term ‘drought’ means a deficiency in precipitation—“(A) that leads to a deficiency in surface or subsurface water supplies (including rivers, streams, wetlands, ground water, soil moisture, reservoir supplies, lake levels, and snow pack); and “(B) that causes or may cause—“(i) substantial economic or social impacts; or “(ii) substantial physical damage or injury to individuals, property, or the environment. “(2) Under secretary.—The term ‘Under Secretary’ means the Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere.”
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "15 U.S.C. § 314"
+description: "Omitted"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 15
+title_name: "COMMERCE AND TRADE"
+chapter_number: "9"
+chapter_name: "NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE"
+section: "314"
+citation: "15 U.S.C. § 314"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc15@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t15/s314"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-15/usc15.xml"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 15 U.S.C. § 314 - Omitted
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification Section, act Aug. 8, 1894, ch. 238, 28 Stat. 273, related to making promotions in service without prejudice to those transferred from Signal Service of War Department.
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "15 U.S.C. § 315"
+description: "Changes or assignment to duty"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 15
+title_name: "COMMERCE AND TRADE"
+chapter_number: "9"
+chapter_name: "NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE"
+section: "315"
+citation: "15 U.S.C. § 315"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc15@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t15/s315"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-15/usc15.xml"
+source_hash: "c84d2a6f6234bc712cd34ebc490bcfaa2ddef97908bad57134f9365522d2f319"
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+text_hash: "2cc7008b7af5a0a2868bdde8fbb39bc9cf81a31803943b7a9e0d3c4a28c1e555"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 15 U.S.C. § 315 - Changes or assignment to duty
+
+## Text
+
+The Secretary of Commerce is authorized to make such changes or assignment to duty in the personnel or detailed force of the National Weather Service for limiting or reducing expenses as he may deem necessary.
+
+(Mar. 2, 1895, ch. 169, 28 Stat. 737; 1940 Reorg. Plan No. IV, § 8, eff. June 30, 1940, 5 F.R. 2421, 54 Stat. 1236; 1965 Reorg. Plan No. 2, eff. July 13, 1965, 30 F.R. 8819, 79 Stat. 1318; 1970 Reorg. Plan No. 4, eff. Oct. 3, 1970, 35 F.R. 15627, 84 Stat. 2090.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Transfer of Functions Weather Bureau consolidated with Coast and Geodetic Survey to form new agency in Department of Commerce known as Environmental Science Services Administration by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1965, eff. July 13, 1965, 30 F.R. 8819, 79 Stat. 1318, set out as a note under section 311 of this title. Functions of Bureau and Chief of Bureau transferred to Secretary of Commerce by Reorg. Plan. Subsequently, Environmental Science Services Administration abolished and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration established. By Department Organization Order 25–5A, Secretary delegated to NOAA his functions under this chapter of the Code. By order of Acting Associate Administrator of NOAA, organizational name of Weather Bureau changed to National Weather Service. For further details, see Codification note set out under section 311 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "15 U.S.C. § 316"
+description: "Omitted"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 15
+title_name: "COMMERCE AND TRADE"
+chapter_number: "9"
+chapter_name: "NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE"
+section: "316"
+citation: "15 U.S.C. § 316"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc15@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t15/s316"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-15/usc15.xml"
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+raw_snapshot_hash: "6982338d990ef19d6b52bff6825089bdd6d0ee1233d9382673faf533decd5059"
+text_hash: "c52d73138b8aee4ca82c96a60d37ad29a59ae6b0bf60a3275daf2011f2092831"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 15 U.S.C. § 316 - Omitted
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification Section, act Mar. 4, 1913, ch. 145, § 1 [part], 37 Stat. 830, related to travel expenses, and has been superseded by section 5701 et seq. of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "15 U.S.C. § 317"
+description: "Appropriations and estimates"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 15
+title_name: "COMMERCE AND TRADE"
+chapter_number: "9"
+chapter_name: "NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE"
+section: "317"
+citation: "15 U.S.C. § 317"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc15@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t15/s317"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-15/usc15.xml"
+source_hash: "51f0c9e138dbb2512f8559d80673b50ed003b626b34e5c26feede5d6da5de912"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "6982338d990ef19d6b52bff6825089bdd6d0ee1233d9382673faf533decd5059"
+text_hash: "2a777999eff3f2df0ef0eaa034cf828f2977600c45bd3888407b3ca16c55da85"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 15 U.S.C. § 317 - Appropriations and estimates
+
+## Text
+
+The appropriations for the support of the National Weather Service shall be made with those of the other bureaus of the Department of Commerce, and it shall be the duty of the Secretary of Commerce to prepare future estimates for the National Weather Service which shall be specially developed and extended in the interests of agriculture.
+
+(Oct. 1, 1890, ch. 1266, § 9, 26 Stat. 653; 1940 Reorg. Plan No. IV, § 8, eff. June 30, 1940, 5 F.R. 2421, 54 Stat. 1236; 1965 Reorg. Plan No. 2, eff. July 13, 1965, 30 F.R. 8819, 79 Stat. 1318; 1970 Reorg. Plan No. 4, eff. Oct. 3, 1970, 35 F.R. 15627, 84 Stat. 2090.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification Section is based on section 9 (less 1st 35 words) of act Oct. 1890. Remainder of such section 9 was classified to section 215 of former title 10, and was repealed by act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 68A Stat. 648.
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Transfer of Functions Weather Bureau consolidated with Coast and Geodetic Survey to form new agency in Department of Commerce known as Environmental Science Services Administration by Reorg. Plan No. 2, of 1965, eff. July 13, 1965, 30 F.R. 8819, 79 Stat. 1318, set out as a note under section 311 of this title. Functions of Bureau and Chief of Bureau transferred to Secretary of Commerce by Reorg. Plan. Subsequently, Environmental Science Services Administration abolished and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration established. By Department Organization Order 25–5A, Secretary delegated to NOAA his functions under this chapter of the Code. By order of Acting Associate Administrator of NOAA, organizational name of Weather Bureau changed to National Weather Service. For further details, see Codification note set out under section 311 of this title. Reorg. Plan No. IV of 1940 transferred Weather Bureau from Department of Agriculture to Department of Commerce.
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "15 U.S.C. § 318"
+description: "Weather signals on mail cars"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 15
+title_name: "COMMERCE AND TRADE"
+chapter_number: "9"
+chapter_name: "NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE"
+section: "318"
+citation: "15 U.S.C. § 318"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc15@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t15/s318"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-15/usc15.xml"
+source_hash: "7917cc4a940741617357616011392928a92f249c01d04ab43f45c8c721c61b6a"
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+text_hash: "69a722461183b33f08d1b6b6bddc3045949a4ae472e89dd558d00190f8f734d7"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 15 U.S.C. § 318 - Weather signals on mail cars
+
+## Text
+
+The Secretary of Commerce, in cooperation with the United States Postal Service, may arrange a plan by which there shall be displayed on all cars and other conveyances used for transporting United States mail suitable flags or other signals to indicate weather forecasts, cold-wave warnings, frost warnings, and so forth, to be furnished by the Secretary.
+
+(Apr. 25, 1896, ch. 140, 29 Stat. 108; 1940 Reorg. Plan No. IV, § 8, eff. June 30, 1940, 5 F.R. 2421, 54 Stat. 1236; 1965 Reorg. Plan No. 2, §§ 1, 2, eff. July 13, 1965, 30 F.R. 8819, 79 Stat. 1318; Pub. L. 91–375, § 4(a), Aug. 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 773.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Transfer of Functions “United States Postal Service” substituted in text for “Postmaster General” pursuant to Pub. L. 91–375, § 4(a), Aug. 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 773, set out as a note under section 201 of Title 39, Postal Service, which abolished the office of Postmaster General of the Post Office Department and transferred its functions to the United States Postal Service.
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Transfer of Functions Office of Chief of Weather Bureau abolished and functions transferred to Secretary of Commerce by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1965, eff. July 13, 1965, 30 F.R. 8819, 79 Stat. 1318. Reorg. Plan No. IV of 1940 transferred Weather Bureau from Department of Agriculture to Department of Commerce. For further details, see notes set out under section 311 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "15 U.S.C. § 319"
+description: "Omitted"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 15
+title_name: "COMMERCE AND TRADE"
+chapter_number: "9"
+chapter_name: "NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE"
+section: "319"
+citation: "15 U.S.C. § 319"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc15@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t15/s319"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-15/usc15.xml"
+source_hash: "5ec82dd6e4177e403b6b53a37d0514176609f3cfc20a6ed83cc462ea29d109dd"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "6982338d990ef19d6b52bff6825089bdd6d0ee1233d9382673faf533decd5059"
+text_hash: "d01f3ca2f68b97a9c0cf6b4d013de97be24c2487655b95ac695d3a4babe8cce3"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 15 U.S.C. § 319 - Omitted
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification Section, act June 3, 1948, ch. 400, title III, 62 Stat. 328, was from the Department of Commerce Appropriation Act, 1949, and was not repeated in subsequent appropriations acts. Similar provisions were contained in prior appropriations acts back to 1925. Section related to printing by Weather Bureau. See section 326 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "15 U.S.C. § 320"
+description: "Repealed. Oct. 31, 1951, ch. 654, § 1(34), 65 Stat. 702"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 15
+title_name: "COMMERCE AND TRADE"
+chapter_number: "9"
+chapter_name: "NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE"
+section: "320"
+citation: "15 U.S.C. § 320"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc15@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t15/s320"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-15/usc15.xml"
+source_hash: "0e03e0b328fcebdcdc2202a2ecf415416b0de609cd52f70311fbaa60e0756463"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "6982338d990ef19d6b52bff6825089bdd6d0ee1233d9382673faf533decd5059"
+text_hash: "b4454c4d6e56c679877dcd1b9d68856f12b642c22dc4c565731805cefbe57d4d"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 15 U.S.C. § 320 - Repealed. Oct. 31, 1951, ch. 654, § 1(34), 65 Stat. 702
+
+## Notes
+
+Section, act Mar. 4, 1907, ch. 2907, 34 Stat. 1258, related to sale of maps or publications.
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "15 U.S.C. § 321"
+description: "Repealed. Oct. 25, 1951, ch. 562, § 1(15), 65 Stat. 638"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 15
+title_name: "COMMERCE AND TRADE"
+chapter_number: "9"
+chapter_name: "NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE"
+section: "321"
+citation: "15 U.S.C. § 321"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc15@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t15/s321"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-15/usc15.xml"
+source_hash: "378efdaf9fef088d781ac652161cf846918c5b63e39ac1e6ae18b074eb779adc"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "6982338d990ef19d6b52bff6825089bdd6d0ee1233d9382673faf533decd5059"
+text_hash: "f12782f42d214c53b4c71009f90ed790fa826e6520f164fd754e8622bb71edd0"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 15 U.S.C. § 321 - Repealed. Oct. 25, 1951, ch. 562, § 1(15), 65 Stat. 638
+
+## Notes
+
+Section, act May 25, 1900, ch. 555, 31 Stat. 204, relating to destruction of old telegrams. See section 3301 et seq. of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "15 U.S.C. § 322"
+description: "Odd jobs for part-time employees"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 15
+title_name: "COMMERCE AND TRADE"
+chapter_number: "9"
+chapter_name: "NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE"
+section: "322"
+citation: "15 U.S.C. § 322"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc15@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t15/s322"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-15/usc15.xml"
+source_hash: "d0202ba4aec845c679c0517137e3edd5a2c4e8f02ec8f36c70149d5fbfc47977"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "6982338d990ef19d6b52bff6825089bdd6d0ee1233d9382673faf533decd5059"
+text_hash: "f48b3ccbb2fc852fb7a4f8f131e9c69fc4a29e96c00c45ea388aa4a5ed260ab6"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 15 U.S.C. § 322 - Odd jobs for part-time employees
+
+## Text
+
+National Weather Service part-time employees, appointed by designation or otherwise under regulations of the Director of the Office of Personnel Management for observational work, may perform odd jobs in the installation, repair, improvement, alteration, cleaning, or removal of Government property and receive compensation therefor under regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary of Commerce.
+
+(July 1, 1943, ch. 182, title III, 57 Stat. 300; 1965 Reorg. Plan No. 2, eff. July 13, 1965, 30 F.R. 8819, 79 Stat. 1318; 1970 Reorg. Plan No. 4, eff. Oct. 3, 1970, 35 F.R. 15627, 84 Stat. 2090; 1978 Reorg. Plan No. 2, § 102, 43 F.R. 36037, 92 Stat. 3783.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Similar ProvisionsSection is from the Departments of State, Justice, and Commerce Appropriation Act, 1944. Similar provisions were contained in the following appropriation acts: July 2, 1942, ch. 472, title III, 56 Stat. 500. June 28, 1941, ch. 258, title II, 55 Stat. 289. June 25, 1940, ch. 421, 54 Stat. 539. June 30, 1939, ch. 253, title I, 53 Stat. 947. June 16, 1938, ch. 464, title I, 52 Stat. 718. June 29, 1937, ch. 404, 50 Stat. 403.
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Transfer of Functions “Director of the Office of Personnel Management” substituted in text for “Civil Service Commission” pursuant to Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1978, set out under section 1101 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, which transferred functions vested by statute in Civil Service Commission to Director of Office of Personnel Management (except as otherwise specified), effective Jan. 1, 1979, as provided by section 1–102 of Ex. Ord. No. 12107, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1055, set out under section 1101 of Title 5. Weather Bureau consolidated with Coast and Geodetic Survey to form new agency in Department of Commerce known as Environmental Science Services Administration by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1965, eff. July 13, 1965, 30 F.R. 8819, 79 Stat. 1318, set out as a note under section 311 of this title. Functions of Bureau and Chief of Bureau transferred to Secretary of Commerce by Reorg. Plan. Subsequently, Environmental Science Services Administration abolished and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration established. By Department Organization Order 25–5A, Secretary delegated to NOAA his functions under this chapter of the Code. By order of Acting Associate Administrator of NOAA, organizational name of Weather Bureau changed to National Weather Service. For further details, see Codification note set out under section 311 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "15 U.S.C. § 323"
+description: "Repealed. July 25, 1947, ch. 327, § 1, 61 Stat. 449"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 15
+title_name: "COMMERCE AND TRADE"
+chapter_number: "9"
+chapter_name: "NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE"
+section: "323"
+citation: "15 U.S.C. § 323"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc15@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t15/s323"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-15/usc15.xml"
+source_hash: "b2931205e78653eb71e88aac214e5032d2cf1e99e755ebf0a5f8ddf39a07de4d"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "6982338d990ef19d6b52bff6825089bdd6d0ee1233d9382673faf533decd5059"
+text_hash: "6619cdfde40bcc36b67867ea27176008f2185dd8ec5c8ef6eaef3f02bb03c7cf"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 15 U.S.C. § 323 - Repealed. July 25, 1947, ch. 327, § 1, 61 Stat. 449
+
+## Notes
+
+Section, act Oct. 29, 1942, ch. 632, 56 Stat. 1012, related to scholarships for meteorological students in weather forecasting during World War II.
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "15 U.S.C. § 324"
+description: "Omitted"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 15
+title_name: "COMMERCE AND TRADE"
+chapter_number: "9"
+chapter_name: "NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE"
+section: "324"
+citation: "15 U.S.C. § 324"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc15@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t15/s324"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-15/usc15.xml"
+source_hash: "6c81523eb817fb0f830ae995a7e0d5fc33abe24d41ceaa85f53c024b49f5e47d"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "6982338d990ef19d6b52bff6825089bdd6d0ee1233d9382673faf533decd5059"
+text_hash: "d41966b42731ec5e1a447e404b29a7afb3e781f14b069cd2a3a1e007d7cf61d7"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 15 U.S.C. § 324 - Omitted
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification Section, act June 3, 1948, ch. 400, title III, 62 Stat. 328, which related to extra compensation for certain employees in Alaska and other territorial possessions, was from the Department of Commerce Appropriation Act, 1949, and was not repeated in subsequent appropriations acts. See section 327 of this title.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Similar ProvisionsSimilar provisions were contained in the following appropriation acts: July 9, 1947, ch. 211, title III, 61 Stat. 301. July 5, 1946, ch. 541, title III, 60 Stat. 475. May 21, 1945, ch. 129, title III, 59 Stat. 195. June 28, 1944, ch. 294, title III, 58 Stat. 424. July 1, 1943, ch. 182, title III, 57 Stat. 301.
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "15 U.S.C. § 325"
+description: "Authority for certain functions and activities"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 15
+title_name: "COMMERCE AND TRADE"
+chapter_number: "9"
+chapter_name: "NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE"
+section: "325"
+citation: "15 U.S.C. § 325"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc15@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t15/s325"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-15/usc15.xml"
+source_hash: "0a007b399420a6b6fe5e14c905985fd1fd87a1bb574f2b82a158aabb6a4997f6"
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+text_hash: "aaf4690e3064cdfac30d8a75922aeb64f5af18a9d08a78dfb802be83167f9fcf"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 15 U.S.C. § 325 - Authority for certain functions and activities
+
+## Text
+
+Appropriations now or hereafter provided for the National Weather Service shall be available for (a) furnishing food and shelter, without repayment therefor, to employees of the Government assigned to Arctic stations; (b) equipment and maintenance of meteorological offices and stations, and maintenance and operation of meteorological facilities outside the United States by contract or otherwise; (c) repairing, altering, and improving of buildings occupied by the National Weather Service, and care and preservation of grounds, including the construction of necessary outbuildings and sidewalks on public streets abutting National Weather Service grounds; (d) arranging for communication services at rates to be fixed by the Secretary of Commerce by agreement with the companies performing the services when determined to be advantageous to the Government; and (e) purchasing tabulating cards and continuous form tabulating paper.
+
+(June 2, 1948, ch. 373, § 1, 62 Stat. 286; 1965 Reorg. Plan No. 2, 1970 eff. July 13, 1965, 30 F.R. 8819, 79 Stat. 1318; 1970 Reorg. Plan No. 4, eff. Oct. 3, 1970, 35 F.R. 15627, 84 Stat. 2090.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Cooperative Weather Observer ProgramPub. L. 102–567, title I, § 101(c), Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 4270, provided that: “The Secretary of Commerce may use funds otherwise available for conducting weather observations to strengthen the Cooperative Weather Observer Program and encourage public participation in the program. The Secretary may— “(1) provide distinctive insignia or paraphernalia to Cooperative Weather Observers; and “(2) make awards of nominal value to recognize continued participation in the program by observers or to recognize outstanding achievements by such observers or groups of observers without regard to any law restricting expenditures for such purposes to Federal employees.”
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Transfer of Functions Weather Bureau consolidated with Coast and Geodetic Survey to form new agency in Department of Commerce known as Environmental Science Services Administration by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1965, eff. July 13, 1965, 30 F.R. 8819, 79 Stat. 1318, set out as a note under section 311 of this title. Functions of Bureau and Chief of Bureau transferred to Secretary of Commerce by Reorg. Plan. Subsequently, Environmental Science Services Administration abolished and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration established. By Department Organization Order 25–5A, Secretary delegated to NOAA his functions under this chapter of the Code. By order of Acting Associate Administrator of NOAA, organizational name of Weather Bureau changed to National Weather Service. For further details, see Codification note set out under section 311 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "15 U.S.C. § 326"
+description: "Maintenance of printing office in Washington, D.C."
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 15
+title_name: "COMMERCE AND TRADE"
+chapter_number: "9"
+chapter_name: "NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE"
+section: "326"
+citation: "15 U.S.C. § 326"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc15@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t15/s326"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-15/usc15.xml"
+source_hash: "515e50e26a826e36bbc7e36dc471c2acdc47594436a711cbcb8cce34cba525a1"
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+text_hash: "ec904d26545015e7f7f33e397000d3546a9582bfb26a83416ff268920979b06c"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 15 U.S.C. § 326 - Maintenance of printing office in Washington, D.C.
+
+## Text
+
+When so specified in appropriation Acts, the National Weather Service is authorized to maintain a printing office in the city of Washington for the printing of weather maps, bulletins, circulars, forms, and other publications: Provided, That no printing shall be done by the National Weather Service which could be done at the Government Publishing Office without impairing the service of said Service.
+
+(June 2, 1948, ch. 373, § 2, 62 Stat. 286; 1965 Reorg. Plan No. 2, eff. July 13, 1965, 30 F.R. 8819, 79 Stat. 1318; 1970 Reorg. Plan No. 4, eff. Oct. 3, 1970, 35 F.R. 15627, 84 Stat. 2090; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, § 1301(b), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Change of Name “Government Publishing Office” substituted for “Government Printing Office” in text on authority of section 1301(b) of Pub. L. 113–235, set out as a note preceding section 301 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Transfer of Functions Weather Bureau consolidated with Coast and Geodetic Survey to form new agency in Department of Commerce known as Environmental Science Services Administration by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1965, eff. July 13, 1965, 30 F.R. 8819, 79 Stat. 1318, set out as a note under section 311 of this title. Functions of Bureau and Chief of Bureau transferred to Secretary of Commerce by Reorg. Plan. Subsequently, Environmental Science Services Administration abolished and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration established. By Department Organization Order 25–5A, Secretary delegated to NOAA his functions under this chapter of the Code. By order of Acting Associate Administrator of NOAA, organizational name of Weather Bureau changed to National Weather Service. For further details, see Codification note set out under section 311 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "15 U.S.C. § 327"
+description: "Employees for conduct of meteorological investigations in Arctic region; appointment and compensation; extra compensation to other Government employees for taking observations"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 15
+title_name: "COMMERCE AND TRADE"
+chapter_number: "9"
+chapter_name: "NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE"
+section: "327"
+citation: "15 U.S.C. § 327"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc15@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t15/s327"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-15/usc15.xml"
+source_hash: "4c1291a7981259dbf38c5e7aca3de7c5b93efb7cf43aa63597b8063699983ff8"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 15 U.S.C. § 327 - Employees for conduct of meteorological investigations in Arctic region; appointment and compensation; extra compensation to other Government employees for taking observations
+
+## Text
+
+The Secretary of Commerce is authorized to (a) appoint employees for the conduct of meteorological investigations in the Arctic region without regard to the civil service laws and fix their compensation without regard to chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of title 5, and sections 5542, 5543, 5545, and 5546 of title 5, at base rates not to exceed the maximum scheduled rate for GS–12, and (b) grant extra compensation to employees of other Government agencies for taking and transmitting meteorological observations without regard to section 5533 of title 5.
+
+(June 2, 1948, ch. 373, § 3, 62 Stat. 286; Pub. L. 86–397, § 2, Mar. 28, 1960, 74 Stat. 11; Pub. L. 88–448, title IV, § 401(m), Aug. 19, 1964, 78 Stat. 491.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification In this section, “chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of title 5”, “sections 5542, 5543, 5545, and 5546 of title 5”, and “section 5533 of title 5” substituted for “the Classification Act of 1949, as amended (5 U.S.C. 1071 and the following)”, “titles II and III of the Federal Employees Pay Act of 1945, as amended (5 U.S.C. 911 and the following)”, and “section 301 of the Dual Compensation Act”, respectively, on authority of Pub. L. 89–554, § 7(b), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 631, the first section of which enacted Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
+
+Amendments1964—Pub. L. 88–448 inserted “without regard to section 5533 of title 5”. 1960—Pub. L. 86–397 substituted “Secretary of Commerce” for “Weather Bureau”, authorized the Secretary to fix the compensation of the employees, and limited the base rates to not more than the maximum scheduled rate for GS–12.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 1964 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 88–448 effective on first day of first month which begins later than ninetieth day following Aug. 19, 1964, see section 403 of Pub. L. 88–448.
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "15 U.S.C. § 328"
+description: "Transfer from other Government Departments of surplus equipment and supplies for Arctic stations"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 15
+title_name: "COMMERCE AND TRADE"
+chapter_number: "9"
+chapter_name: "NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE"
+section: "328"
+citation: "15 U.S.C. § 328"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc15@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t15/s328"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-15/usc15.xml"
+source_hash: "1f31fc5ee73c4c7477e7ef7b2e76361a2486ef14ada8df97d5847e2edb38da42"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 15 U.S.C. § 328 - Transfer from other Government Departments of surplus equipment and supplies for Arctic stations
+
+## Text
+
+Subject to approval of the President, and without charge to the National Weather Service, the Secretary of the Army, the Secretary of the Air Force, and the Secretary of the Navy are authorized to transfer to the National Weather Service equipment and supplies which are surplus to the needs of their respective Departments and necessary for the establishment, maintenance, and operation of Arctic weather stations.
+
+(June 2, 1948, ch. 373, § 4, 62 Stat. 286; 1965 Reorg. Plan No. 2, 1970 eff. July 13, 1965, 30 F.R. 8819, 79 Stat. 1318; 1970 Reorg. Plan No. 4, eff. Oct. 3, 1970, 35 F.R. 15627, 84 Stat. 2090.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Transfer of Functions Functions vested by law (including reorganization plan) in Bureau of the Budget or Director of Bureau of the Budget transferred to President by section 101 of Reorg. Plan No. 2, of 1970, eff. July 1, 1970, 35 F.R. 7959, 84 Stat. 2085, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. Section 102 of 1970 Reorg. Plan No. 2, redesignated Bureau of the Budget as Office of Management and Budget. Weather Bureau consolidated with Coast and Geodetic Survey to form new agency in Department of Commerce known as Environmental Science Services Administration by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1965, eff. July 13, 1965, 30 F.R. 8819, 79 Stat. 1318, set out as a note under section 311 of this title. Functions of Bureau and Chief of Bureau transferred to Secretary of Commerce by Reorg. Plan. Subsequently, Environmental Science Services Administration abolished and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration established. By Department Organization Order 25–5A, Secretary delegated to NOAA his functions under this chapter of the Code. By order of Acting Associate Administrator of NOAA, organizational name of Weather Bureau changed to National Weather Service. For further details, see Codification note set out under section 311 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "15 U.S.C. § 329"
+description: "Omitted"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 15
+title_name: "COMMERCE AND TRADE"
+chapter_number: "9"
+chapter_name: "NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE"
+section: "329"
+citation: "15 U.S.C. § 329"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc15@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t15/s329"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-15/usc15.xml"
+source_hash: "1527e99cdd5fc9c2edc59e669c1f341da73d7907dae5e308b6f3da6d601bca77"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 15 U.S.C. § 329 - Omitted
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification Section, Pub. L. 85–469, title I, § 101, June 25, 1958, 72 Stat. 234; Pub. L. 86–88, title I, § 101, July 13, 1959, 73 Stat. 207, which prescribed the maximum base rate of pay for employees conducting meteorological investigations in the Arctic region, was from an appropriation act and was omitted in view of section 327 of this title which authorizes the Secretary of Commerce to establish the rates of compensation for such personnel. Provisions of this section were repeated in Pub. L. 86–451, title I, § 101, May 13, 1960, 74 Stat. 99.