Legal corpus: the complete U.S. Code (59,740 sections, all 53 titles)

Ingested titles 12–51 and 54 from OLRC USLM XML @119-100 (the whole Code
now, uniform edition; Title 53 is reserved/empty). LegalText 11,221 ->
59,740; repo total 105,704 records. Deterministic (byte-identical rerun,
verified on Title 42's 8,356 sections); make check green. make
legal-us-code default now covers every title.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-110/section-2251a.md

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+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 2251A"
+description: "Selling or buying of children"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "110"
+chapter_name: "SEXUAL EXPLOITATION AND OTHER ABUSE OF CHILDREN"
+section: "2251A"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 2251A"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s2251A"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "8fea64a1ff23d584ba20a8e43899a675a180814b221fe5b72cdbf81b270be0d2"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "244aefc29a2ba7c8e8d90562f5622557fad13148f936f22c5178017ff45ece41"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 2251A - Selling or buying of children
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Any parent, legal guardian, or other person having custody or control of a minor who sells or otherwise transfers custody or control of such minor, or offers to sell or otherwise transfer custody of such minor either—
+
+(1) with knowledge that, as a consequence of the sale or transfer, the minor will be portrayed in a visual depiction engaging in, or assisting another person to engage in, sexually explicit conduct; or
+
+(2) with intent to promote either—
+
+(A) the engaging in of sexually explicit conduct by such minor for the purpose of producing any visual depiction of such conduct; or
+
+(B) the rendering of assistance by the minor to any other person to engage in sexually explicit conduct for the purpose of producing any visual depiction of such conduct;
+
+shall be punished by imprisonment for not less than 30 years or for life and by a fine under this title, if any of the circumstances described in subsection (c) of this section exist.
+
+(b) Whoever purchases or otherwise obtains custody or control of a minor, or offers to purchase or otherwise obtain custody or control of a minor either—
+
+(1) with knowledge that, as a consequence of the purchase or obtaining of custody, the minor will be portrayed in a visual depiction engaging in, or assisting another person to engage in, sexually explicit conduct; or
+
+(2) with intent to promote either—
+
+(A) the engaging in of sexually explicit conduct by such minor for the purpose of producing any visual depiction of such conduct; or
+
+(B) the rendering of assistance by the minor to any other person to engage in sexually explicit conduct for the purpose of producing any visual depiction of such conduct;
+
+shall be punished by imprisonment for not less than 30 years or for life and by a fine under this title, if any of the circumstances described in subsection (c) of this section exist.
+
+(c) The circumstances referred to in subsections (a) and (b) are that—
+
+(1) in the course of the conduct described in such subsections the minor or the actor traveled in or was transported in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce;
+
+(2) any offer described in such subsections was communicated or transported using any means or facility of interstate or foreign commerce or in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce by any means including by computer or mail; or
+
+(3) the conduct described in such subsections took place in any territory or possession of the United States.
+
+(Added Pub. L. 100–690, title VII, § 7512(a), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4486; amended Pub. L. 108–21, title I, § 103(b)(1)(B), Apr. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 653; Pub. L. 110–358, title I, § 103(a)(2), (b), Oct. 8, 2008, 122 Stat. 4002, 4003.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments2008—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 110–358, § 103(b), substituted “in or affecting interstate” for “in interstate” in pars. (1) and (2). Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 110–358, § 103(a)(2), inserted “using any means or facility of interstate or foreign commerce or” after “or transported”. 2003—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 108–21 substituted “30 years” for “20 years” in concluding provisions.

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-110/section-2252b.md

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+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 2252B"
+description: "Misleading domain names on the Internet"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "110"
+chapter_name: "SEXUAL EXPLOITATION AND OTHER ABUSE OF CHILDREN"
+section: "2252B"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 2252B"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s2252B"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "98f8af0d3e01ef745f3da92e5cf867cdb4434b290b55fd99f438964b34ca8099"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "ea454265aefb8904297e1f63b5c9cef7b321f40c20ac6bf7da2f3dbf7ff318ee"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 2252B - Misleading domain names on the Internet
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Whoever knowingly uses a misleading domain name on the Internet with the intent to deceive a person into viewing material constituting obscenity shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 2 years, or both.
+
+(b) Whoever knowingly uses a misleading domain name on the Internet with the intent to deceive a minor into viewing material that is harmful to minors on the Internet shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 10 years, or both.
+
+(c) For the purposes of this section, a domain name that includes a word or words to indicate the sexual content of the site, such as “sex” or “porn”, is not misleading.
+
+(d) For the purposes of this section, the term “material that is harmful to minors” means any communication, consisting of nudity, sex, or excretion, that, taken as a whole and with reference to its context—
+
+(1) predominantly appeals to a prurient interest of minors;
+
+(2) is patently offensive to prevailing standards in the adult community as a whole with respect to what is suitable material for minors; and
+
+(3) lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value for minors.
+
+(e) For the purposes of subsection (d), the term “sex” means acts of masturbation, sexual intercourse, or physcial 11 So in original. Probably should be “physical”. contact with a person’s genitals, or the condition of human male or female genitals when in a state of sexual stimulation or arousal.
+
+(Added Pub. L. 108–21, title V, § 521(a), Apr. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 686; amended Pub. L. 109–248, title II, § 206(b)(4), July 27, 2006, 120 Stat. 614.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments2006—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–248 substituted “10 years” for “4 years”.

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-110/section-2252c.md

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 2252C"
+description: "Misleading words or digital images on the Internet"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "110"
+chapter_name: "SEXUAL EXPLOITATION AND OTHER ABUSE OF CHILDREN"
+section: "2252C"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 2252C"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s2252C"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "caafd61b7d12689299970e946ebfa66f862ef25407931347719831501f6300d7"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "02f0e493f740f8181187e43b87d89c208620cb83cac344709adb761ecb568256"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 2252C - Misleading words or digital images on the Internet
+
+## Text
+
+(a) In General.— Whoever knowingly embeds words or digital images into the source code of a website with the intent to deceive a person into viewing material constituting obscenity shall be fined under this title and imprisoned for not more than 10 years.
+
+(b) Minors.— Whoever knowingly embeds words or digital images into the source code of a website with the intent to deceive a minor into viewing material harmful to minors on the Internet shall be fined under this title and imprisoned for not more than 20 years.
+
+(c) Construction.— For the purposes of this section, a word or digital image that clearly indicates the sexual content of the site, such as “sex” or “porn”, is not misleading.
+
+(d) Definitions.— As used in this section—
+
+(1) the terms “material that is harmful to minors” and “sex” have the meaning given such terms in section 2252B; and
+
+(2) the term “source code” means the combination of text and other characters comprising the content, both viewable and nonviewable, of a web page, including any website publishing language, programming language, protocol or functional content, as well as any successor languages or protocols.
+
+(Added Pub. L. 109–248, title VII, § 703(a), July 27, 2006, 120 Stat. 648.)

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-110/section-2253.md

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+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 2253"
+description: "Criminal forfeiture"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "110"
+chapter_name: "SEXUAL EXPLOITATION AND OTHER ABUSE OF CHILDREN"
+section: "2253"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 2253"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s2253"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "a43050a2685f58c54f98b12920c7d379ee6f654282973333df52c0885f3eebe0"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "eaa453299ad7474d665eb7b1bec94734679a9b9c22deea28385ab21ac9e54b64"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 2253 - Criminal forfeiture
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Property Subject to Criminal Forfeiture.— A person who is convicted of an offense under this chapter involving a visual depiction described in section 2251, 2251A, 2252, 2252A, or 2260 of this chapter or who is convicted of an offense under section 2252B of this chapter,,11 So in original. The extra comma probably should follow “2260 of this chapter”. or who is convicted of an offense under chapter 109A, shall forfeit to the United States such person’s interest in—
+
+(1) any visual depiction described in section 2251, 2251A, or 2252 22 So in original. Probably should be “2251A, 2252,”. 2252A, 2252B, or 2260 of this chapter, or any book, magazine, periodical, film, videotape, or other matter which contains any such visual depiction, which was produced, transported, mailed, shipped or received in violation of this chapter;
+
+(2) any property, real or personal, constituting or traceable to gross profits or other proceeds obtained from such offense; and
+
+(3) any property, real or personal, used or intended to be used to commit or to promote the commission of such offense or any property traceable to such property.
+
+(b) Section 413 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 853) with the exception of subsections (a) and (d), applies to the criminal forfeiture of property pursuant to subsection (a).
+
+(Added Pub. L. 98–292, § 6, May 21, 1984, 98 Stat. 205; amended Pub. L. 100–690, title VII, § 7522(c), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4494; Pub. L. 101–647, title XXXV, § 3564, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4928; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330011(m)(1), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2145; Pub. L. 105–314, title VI, § 602, Oct. 30, 1998, 112 Stat. 2982; Pub. L. 109–248, title V, § 505(b), (c), July 27, 2006, 120 Stat. 630.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Prior ProvisionsA prior section 2253 was redesignated section 2256 of this title.
+
+Amendments2006—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–248, § 505(b)(1), inserted “or who is convicted of an offense under section 2252B of this chapter,” after “2260 of this chapter” and substituted “an offense under chapter 109A” for “an offense under section 2421, 2422, or 2423 of chapter 117” in introductory provisions. Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 109–248, § 505(b)(2), inserted “2252A, 2252B, or 2260” after “2252”. Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 109–248, § 505(b)(3), inserted “or any property traceable to such property” before period at end. Subsecs. (b) to (o). Pub. L. 109–248, § 505(c), added subsec. (b) and struck out former subsecs. (b) to (o) which related, respectively, to third party transfers, protective orders, warrant of seizure, order of forfeiture, execution of order, disposition of property, authority of Attorney General, applicability of civil forfeiture provisions, bar on intervention, jurisdiction to enter orders, depositions, third party interests, construction of section, and substitute assets. 1998—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–314 substituted “2252, 2252A, or 2260 of this chapter, or who is convicted of an offense under section 2421, 2422, or 2423 of chapter 117,” for “or 2252 of this chapter”. 1994—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–322, § 330011(m)(1), amended directory language of Pub. L. 101–647, § 3564(1). See 1990 Amendment note below. 1990—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–647, § 3564(1), as amended by Pub. L. 103–322, § 330011(m)(1), substituted “section 2251” for “sections 2251” in introductory provisions and in par. (1). Subsec. (h)(4). Pub. L. 101–647, § 3564(2), substituted “under section 616 of the Tariff Act of 1930” for “in accordance with the provisions of section 1616, title 19, United States Code”. 1988—Pub. L. 100–690 amended section generally, substituting subsecs. (a) to (o) for former subsecs. (a) to (d).
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 1994 AmendmentPub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330011(m), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2145, provided that the amendment made by that section is effective as of Nov. 29, 1990.

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-110/section-2254.md

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 2254"
+description: "Civil forfeiture"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "110"
+chapter_name: "SEXUAL EXPLOITATION AND OTHER ABUSE OF CHILDREN"
+section: "2254"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 2254"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s2254"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "0956f075ae9ed66ef174f2d634f9b0f33450ec9f605cc612a103a62bb9e96b4b"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "922bd9d48b379fd776f0e9f35a18a7db977ca0cfc7b454e23b7895176efb060c"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 2254 - Civil forfeiture
+
+## Text
+
+Any property subject to forfeiture pursuant to section 2253 may be forfeited to the United States in a civil case in accordance with the procedures set forth in chapter 46.
+
+(Added Pub. L. 98–292, § 6, May 21, 1984, 98 Stat. 205; amended Pub. L. 99–500, § 101(m) [title II, § 201(a), (c)], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–308, 1783–314, and Pub. L. 99–591, § 101(m) [title II, § 201(a), (c)], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–308, 3341–314; Pub. L. 100–690, title VII, § 7522(c), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4498; Pub. L. 101–647, title XX, § 2003, title XXXV, § 3565, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4855, 4928; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330011(m)(2), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2145; Pub. L. 105–314, title VI, § 603, Oct. 30, 1998, 112 Stat. 2982; Pub. L. 106–185, § 2(c)(4), Apr. 25, 2000, 114 Stat. 211; Pub. L. 107–273, div. B, title IV, § 4003(a)(6), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1811; Pub. L. 109–248, title V, § 505(d), July 27, 2006, 120 Stat. 630.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification Pub. L. 99–591 is a corrected version of Pub. L. 99–500.
+
+Amendments2006—Pub. L. 109–248 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to civil forfeiture of certain types of property described in this chapter and laws applicable to civil forfeiture proceedings. 2002—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 107–273 struck out comma before period at end. 2000—Subsec. (a)(2), (3). Pub. L. 106–185 struck out before period at end “, except that no property shall be forfeited under this paragraph, to the extent of the interest of an owner, by reason of any act or omission established by that owner to have been committed or omitted without the knowledge or consent of that owner”. 1998—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 105–314, § 603(1), substituted “2252, 2252A, or 2260 of this chapter, or used or intended to be used to commit or to promote the commission of an offense under section 2421, 2422, or 2423 of chapter 117,” for “or 2252 of this chapter”. Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 105–314, § 603(2), substituted “2252, 2252A, or 2260 of this chapter, or obtained from a violation of section 2421, 2422, or 2423 of chapter 117,” for “or 2252 of this chapter”. 1994—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 103–322, § 330011(m)(2), amended directory language of Pub. L. 101–647, § 3565(3)(A). See 1990 Amendment note below. 1990—Subsec. (a)(1) to (3). Pub. L. 101–647, § 3565(1), substituted “section 2251” for “sections 2251”. Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 101–647, § 3565(2), inserted heading. Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 101–647, § 3565(3)(A), as amended by Pub. L. 103–322, § 330011(m)(2), substituted “section” for “subchapter” after “forfeited under this” in two places in concluding provisions. Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 101–647, § 3565(3)(B), substituted “under section 616 of the Tariff Act of 1930” for “pursuant to section 1616 of title 19”. Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 101–647, § 2003, inserted “, by public sale or any other commercially feasible means,” after “sell”. 1988—Pub. L. 100–690 amended section generally, substituting subsecs. (a) to (i) for former subsecs. (a) to (d). 1986—Pub. L. 99–500 and Pub. L. 99–591 amended section identically, inserting “, and any property, real or personal, tangible or intangible, which was used or intended to be used, in any manner or part, to facilitate a violation of this chapter” in subsec. (a)(1), substituting “Attorney General or the Postal Service” for “Attorney General” in subsec. (b), and adding subsecs. (c) and (d).
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 2000 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 106–185 applicable to any forfeiture proceeding commenced on or after the date that is 120 days after Apr. 25, 2000, see section 21 of Pub. L. 106–185, set out as a note under section 1324 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality.
+
+Effective Date of 1994 AmendmentPub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330011(m), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2145, provided that the amendment made by that section is effective as of Nov. 29, 1990.

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-110/section-2255.md

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 2255"
+description: "Civil remedy for personal injuries"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "110"
+chapter_name: "SEXUAL EXPLOITATION AND OTHER ABUSE OF CHILDREN"
+section: "2255"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 2255"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s2255"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "35c4e515277bb779365dbf94836ae7fd0dac7e71053754c65b48502602f7dae7"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "72c33e08728cb61aedfb47b50fe1eafb2ed78a0dc38a8839b7f3b48538123ef6"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 2255 - Civil remedy for personal injuries
+
+## Text
+
+(a) In General.— Any person who, while a minor, was a victim of a violation of section 1589, 1590, 1591, 2241(c), 2242, 2243, 2251, 2251A, 2252, 2252A, 2260, 2421, 2422, or 2423 of this title and who suffers personal injury as a result of such violation, regardless of whether the injury occurred while such person was a minor, may sue in any appropriate United States District Court and shall recover the actual damages such person sustains or liquidated damages in the amount of $150,000, and the cost of the action, including reasonable attorney’s fees and other litigation costs reasonably incurred. The court may also award punitive damages and such other preliminary and equitable relief as the court determines to be appropriate.
+
+(b) Statute of Limitations.— There shall be no time limit for the filing of a complaint commencing an action under this section.
+
+(c) Venue; Service of Process.— (1) Venue.— Any action brought under subsection (a) may be brought in the district court of the United States that meets applicable requirements relating to venue under section 1391 of title 28.
+
+(2) Service of process.— In an action brought under subsection (a), process may be served in any district in which the defendant—
+
+(A) is an inhabitant; or
+
+(B) may be found.
+
+(Added Pub. L. 99–500, § 101(b) [title VII, § 703(a)], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–39, 1783–74, and Pub. L. 99–591, § 101(b) [title VII, § 703(a)], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–39, 3341–74; amended Pub. L. 105–314, title VI, § 605, Oct. 30, 1998, 112 Stat. 2984; Pub. L. 109–248, title VII, § 707(b), (c), July 27, 2006, 120 Stat. 650; Pub. L. 113–4, title XII, § 1212(a), Mar. 7, 2013, 127 Stat. 143; Pub. L. 115–126, title I, § 102, Feb. 14, 2018, 132 Stat. 319; Pub. L. 117–176, § 2, Sept. 16, 2022, 136 Stat. 2108.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification Pub. L. 99–591 is a corrected version of Pub. L. 99–500.
+
+Prior ProvisionsA prior section 2255 was renumbered section 2256 of this title.
+
+Amendments2022—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 117–176 added subsec. (b) and struck out former subsec. (b). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “Any action commenced under this section shall be barred unless the complaint is filed— “(1) not later than 10 years after the date on which the plaintiff reasonably discovers the later of— “(A) the violation that forms the basis for the claim; or “(B) the injury that forms the basis for the claim; or “(2) not later than 10 years after the date on which the victim reaches 18 years of age.” 2018—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–126, § 102(1), added subsec. (a) and struck out former subsec. (a) which related to civil remedy for personal injuries in general. Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 115–126, § 102(2), substituted “filed—” for “filed within 10 years after the right of action first accrues or in the case of a person under a legal disability, not later than three years after the disability.” and added pars. (1) and (2). Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 115–126, § 102(3), added subsec. (c). 2013—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 113–4, § 1212(a)(1), substituted “section 1589, 1590, 1591, 2241(c)” for “section 2241(c)”. Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 113–4, § 1212(a)(2), substituted “10 years” for “six years”. 2006—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–248, § 707(b), inserted heading, inserted “, regardless of whether the injury occurred while such person was a minor,” after “such violation”, and substituted “Any person who, while a minor, was” for “Any minor who is”, “such person” for “such minor”, “Any person as described” for “Any minor as described”, and “$150,000” for “$50,000”. Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–248, § 707(c), inserted heading. 1998—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–314 substituted “2241(c), 2242, 2243, 2251, 2251A, 2252, 2252A, 2260, 2421, 2422, or 2423” for “2251 or 2252”.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 2022 AmendmentPub. L. 117–176, § 3, Sept. 16, 2022, 136 Stat. 2108, provided that: “This Act [see Short Title of 2022 Amendment note set out under section 1 of this title] and the amendments made by this Act shall— “(1) take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Sept. 16, 2022]; and “(2) apply to—“(A) any claim or action that, as of the date described in paragraph (1), would not have been barred under section 2255(b) of title 18, United States Code, as it read on the day before the date of enactment of this Act; and “(B) any claim or action arising after the date of enactment of this Act.”

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-110/section-2256.md

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 2256"
+description: "Definitions for chapter"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "110"
+chapter_name: "SEXUAL EXPLOITATION AND OTHER ABUSE OF CHILDREN"
+section: "2256"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 2256"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s2256"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "dc4cc0d6a1a9ab70cc22c391043cb98adf171b54a964e81ef88a15d20a67d7a7"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "590288705367d9c8cd55164b19dddcfe55f18662e4cd514641350afb705e3a72"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 2256 - Definitions for chapter
+
+## Text
+
+For the purposes of this chapter, the term—
+
+(1) “minor” means any person under the age of eighteen years;
+
+(2) (A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), “sexually explicit conduct” means actual or simulated—
+
+(i) sexual intercourse, including genital-genital, oral-genital, anal-genital, or oral-anal, whether between persons of the same or opposite sex;
+
+(ii) bestiality;
+
+(iii) masturbation;
+
+(iv) sadistic or masochistic abuse; or
+
+(v) lascivious exhibition of the anus, genitals, or pubic area of any person;
+
+(B) For purposes of subsection 8(B) 11 So in original. Probably should be “(8)(B)”. of this section, “sexually explicit conduct” means—
+
+(i) graphic sexual intercourse, including genital-genital, oral-genital, anal-genital, or oral-anal, whether between persons of the same or opposite sex, or lascivious simulated sexual intercourse where the genitals, breast, or pubic area of any person is exhibited;
+
+(ii) graphic or lascivious simulated;
+
+(I) bestiality;
+
+(II) masturbation; or
+
+(III) sadistic or masochistic abuse; or
+
+(iii) graphic or simulated lascivious exhibition of the anus, genitals, or pubic area of any person;
+
+(3) “producing” means producing, directing, manufacturing, issuing, publishing, or advertising;
+
+(4) “organization” means a person other than an individual;
+
+(5) “visual depiction” includes undeveloped film and videotape, data stored on computer disk or by electronic means which is capable of conversion into a visual image, and data which is capable of conversion into a visual image that has been transmitted by any means, whether or not stored in a permanent format;
+
+(6) “computer” has the meaning given that term in section 1030 of this title;
+
+(7) “custody or control” includes temporary supervision over or responsibility for a minor whether legally or illegally obtained;
+
+(8) “child pornography” means any visual depiction, including any photograph, film, video, picture, or computer or computer-generated image or picture, whether made or produced by electronic, mechanical, or other means, of sexually explicit conduct, where—
+
+(A) the production of such visual depiction involves the use of a minor engaging in sexually explicit conduct;
+
+(B) such visual depiction is a digital image, computer image, or computer-generated image that is, or is indistinguishable from, that of a minor engaging in sexually explicit conduct; or
+
+(C) such visual depiction has been created, adapted, or modified to appear that an identifiable minor is engaging in sexually explicit conduct.
+
+(9) “identifiable minor”—
+
+(A) means a person—
+
+(i) (I) who was a minor at the time the visual depiction was created, adapted, or modified; or
+
+(II) whose image as a minor was used in creating, adapting, or modifying the visual depiction; and
+
+(ii) who is recognizable as an actual person by the person’s face, likeness, or other distinguishing characteristic, such as a unique birthmark or other recognizable feature; and
+
+(B) shall not be construed to require proof of the actual identity of the identifiable minor.
+
+(10) “graphic”, when used with respect to a depiction of sexually explicit conduct, means that a viewer can observe any part of the genitals or pubic area of any depicted person or animal during any part of the time that the sexually explicit conduct is being depicted; and
+
+(11) the term “indistinguishable” used with respect to a depiction, means virtually indistinguishable, in that the depiction is such that an ordinary person viewing the depiction would conclude that the depiction is of an actual minor engaged in sexually explicit conduct. This definition does not apply to depictions that are drawings, cartoons, sculptures, or paintings depicting minors or adults.
+
+(Added Pub. L. 95–225, § 2(a), Feb. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 8, § 2253; renumbered § 2255 and amended Pub. L. 98–292, § 5, May 21, 1984, 98 Stat. 205; renumbered § 2256, Pub. L. 99–500, § 101(b) [title VII, § 703(a)], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–39, 1783–74, and Pub. L. 99–591, § 101(b) [title VII, § 703(a)], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–39, 3341–74; Pub. L. 99–628, § 4, Nov. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 3510; Pub. L. 100–690, title VII, §§ 7511(c), 7512(b), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4485, 4486; Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, § 101(a) [title I, § 121[2]], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009, 3009–26, 3009–27; Pub. L. 108–21, title V, § 502(a)–(c), Apr. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 678, 679; Pub. L. 110–401, title III, § 302, Oct. 13, 2008, 122 Stat. 4242; Pub. L. 115–299, § 7(c), Dec. 7, 2018, 132 Stat. 4389.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification Pub. L. 99–591 is a corrected version of Pub. L. 99–500.
+
+Amendments2018—Par. (2)(A)(v), (B)(iii). Pub. L. 115–299 substituted “anus, genitals, or” for “genitals or”. 2008—Par. (5). Pub. L. 110–401 struck out “and” before “data stored” and inserted “, and data which is capable of conversion into a visual image that has been transmitted by any means, whether or not stored in a permanent format” before semicolon at end. 2003—Par. (2). Pub. L. 108–21, § 502(b), amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: “(2) ‘sexually explicit conduct’ means actual or simulated— “(A) sexual intercourse, including genital-genital, oral-genital, anal-genital, or oral-anal, whether between persons of the same or opposite sex; “(B) bestiality; “(C) masturbation; “(D) sadistic or masochistic abuse; or “(E) lascivious exhibition of the genitals or pubic area of any person;”. Par. (8)(B). Pub. L. 108–21, § 502(a)(1), amended subpar. (B) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (B) read as follows: “such visual depiction is, or appears to be, of a minor engaging in sexually explicit conduct;”. Par. (8)(C). Pub. L. 108–21, § 502(a)(2), substituted a period for “; or” at end. Par. (8)(D). Pub. L. 108–21, § 502(a)(3), struck out subpar. (D) which read as follows: “such visual depiction is advertised, promoted, presented, described, or distributed in such a manner that conveys the impression that the material is or contains a visual depiction of a minor engaging in sexually explicit conduct; and”. Pars. (10), (11). Pub. L. 108–21, § 502(c), added pars. (10) and (11). 1996—Par. (5). Pub. L. 104–208, § 101(a) [title I, § 121[2(1)]], inserted “, and data stored on computer disk or by electronic means which is capable of conversion into a visual image” before semicolon at end. Pars. (8), (9). Pub. L. 104–208, § 101(a) [title I, § 121[2(2)–(4)]], added pars. (8) and (9). 1988—Par. (6). Pub. L. 100–690, § 7511(c), added par. (6). Par. (7). Pub. L. 100–690, § 7512(b), added par. (7). 1986—Pub. L. 99–500 and Pub. L. 99–591 renumbered section 2255 of this title as this section. Par. (5). Pub. L. 99–628, which directed that par. (5) be added to section 2255 of this title, was executed by adding par. (5) to section 2256 of this title to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the renumbering of section 2255 as 2256 by Pub. L. 99–500 and Pub. L. 99–591. 1984—Pub. L. 98–292, § 5(b), renumbered section 2253 of this title as this section. Par. (1). Pub. L. 98–292, § 5(a)(1), substituted “eighteen” for “sixteen”. Par. (2)(D). Pub. L. 98–292, § 5(a)(2), (3), substituted “sadistic or masochistic” for “sado-masochistic” and struck out “(for the purpose of sexual stimulation)” after “abuse”. Par. (2)(E). Pub. L. 98–292, § 5(a)(4), substituted “lascivious” for “lewd”. Par. (3). Pub. L. 98–292, § 5(a)(5), struck out “, for pecuniary profit” after “advertising”. Par. (4). Pub. L. 98–292, § 5(a)(6), substituted “ ‘organization’ means a person other than an individual” for “ ‘visual or print medium’ means any film, photograph, negative, slide, book, magazine, or other visual or print medium”.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Confirmation of Intent of Congress in Enacting Sections 2252 and 2256 of This TitleFor provisions declaring and confirming intent of Congress in enacting this section, see section 160003(a) of Pub. L. 103–322, set out as a note under section 2252 of this title.

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-110/section-2257.md

@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 2257"
+description: "Record keeping requirements"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "110"
+chapter_name: "SEXUAL EXPLOITATION AND OTHER ABUSE OF CHILDREN"
+section: "2257"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 2257"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s2257"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "cc04d7241e155c260439b46327344369984df4e7e37bfdbd4e119f2987a6172a"
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+text_hash: "20a94a47d2d35592c9440c2eb2c8346bac518aeb664a49d87afc2a066f0e9bb2"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 2257 - Record keeping requirements
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Whoever produces any book, magazine, periodical, film, videotape, digital image, digitally- or computer-manipulated image of an actual human being, picture, or other matter which—
+
+(1) contains one or more visual depictions made after November 1, 1990 of actual sexually explicit conduct; and
+
+(2) is produced in whole or in part with materials which have been mailed or shipped in interstate or foreign commerce, or is shipped or transported or is intended for shipment or transportation in interstate or foreign commerce;
+
+shall create and maintain individually identifiable records pertaining to every performer portrayed in such a visual depiction.
+
+(b) Any person to whom subsection (a) applies shall, with respect to every performer portrayed in a visual depiction of actual sexually explicit conduct—
+
+(1) ascertain, by examination of an identification document containing such information, the performer’s name and date of birth, and require the performer to provide such other indicia of his or her identity as may be prescribed by regulations;
+
+(2) ascertain any name, other than the performer’s present and correct name, ever used by the performer including maiden name, alias, nickname, stage, or professional name; and
+
+(3) record in the records required by subsection (a) the information required by paragraphs (1) and (2) of this subsection and such other identifying information as may be prescribed by regulation.
+
+(c) Any person to whom subsection (a) applies shall maintain the records required by this section at his business premises, or at such other place as the Attorney General may by regulation prescribe and shall make such records available to the Attorney General for inspection at all reasonable times.
+
+(d) (1) No information or evidence obtained from records required to be created or maintained by this section shall, except as provided in this section, directly or indirectly, be used as evidence against any person with respect to any violation of law.
+
+(2) Paragraph (1) of this subsection shall not preclude the use of such information or evidence in a prosecution or other action for a violation of this chapter or chapter 71, or for a violation of any applicable provision of law with respect to the furnishing of false information.
+
+(e) (1) Any person to whom subsection (a) applies shall cause to be affixed to every copy of any matter described in paragraph (1) of subsection (a) of this section, in such manner and in such form as the Attorney General shall by regulations prescribe, a statement describing where the records required by this section with respect to all performers depicted in that copy of the matter may be located. In this paragraph, the term “copy” includes every page of a website on which matter described in subsection (a) appears.
+
+(2) If the person to whom subsection (a) of this section applies is an organization the statement required by this subsection shall include the name, title, and business address of the individual employed by such organization responsible for maintaining the records required by this section.
+
+(f) It shall be unlawful—
+
+(1) for any person to whom subsection (a) applies to fail to create or maintain the records as required by subsections (a) and (c) or by any regulation promulgated under this section;
+
+(2) for any person to whom subsection (a) applies knowingly to make any false entry in or knowingly to fail to make an appropriate entry in, any record required by subsection (b) of this section or any regulation promulgated under this section;
+
+(3) for any person to whom subsection (a) applies knowingly to fail to comply with the provisions of subsection (e) or any regulation promulgated pursuant to that subsection;
+
+(4) for any person knowingly to sell or otherwise transfer, or offer for sale or transfer, any book, magazine, periodical, film, video, or other matter, produce in whole or in part with materials which have been mailed or shipped in interstate or foreign commerce or which is intended for shipment in interstate or foreign commerce, which—
+
+(A) contains one or more visual depictions made after the effective date of this subsection of actual sexually explicit conduct; and
+
+(B) is produced in whole or in part with materials which have been mailed or shipped in interstate or foreign commerce, or is shipped or transported or is intended for shipment or transportation in interstate or foreign commerce;
+
+which does not have affixed thereto, in a manner prescribed as set forth in subsection (e)(1), a statement describing where the records required by this section may be located, but such person shall have no duty to determine the accuracy of the contents of the statement or the records required to be kept; and
+
+(5) for any person to whom subsection (a) applies to refuse to permit the Attorney General or his or her designee to conduct an inspection under subsection (c).
+
+(g) The Attorney General shall issue appropriate regulations to carry out this section.
+
+(h) In this section—
+
+(1) the term “actual sexually explicit conduct” means actual but not simulated conduct as defined in clauses (i) through (v) of section 2256(2)(A) of this title;
+
+(2) the term “produces”—
+
+(A) means—
+
+(i) actually filming, videotaping, photographing, creating a picture, digital image, or digitally- or computer-manipulated image of an actual human being;
+
+(ii) digitizing an image, of a visual depiction of sexually explicit conduct; or, assembling, manufacturing, publishing, duplicating, reproducing, or reissuing a book, magazine, periodical, film, videotape, digital image, or picture, or other matter intended for commercial distribution, that contains a visual depiction of sexually explicit conduct; or
+
+(iii) inserting on a computer site or service a digital image of, or otherwise managing the sexually explicit content,11 So in original. The comma probably should not appear. of a computer site or service that contains a visual depiction of, sexually explicit conduct; and
+
+(B) does not include activities that are limited to—
+
+(i) photo or film processing, including digitization of previously existing visual depictions, as part of a commercial enterprise, with no other commercial interest in the sexually explicit material, printing, and video duplication;
+
+(ii) distribution;
+
+(iii) any activity, other than those activities identified in subparagraph (A), that does not involve the hiring, contracting for, managing, or otherwise arranging for the participation of the depicted performers;
+
+(iv) the provision of a telecommunications service, or of an Internet access service or Internet information location tool (as those terms are defined in section 231 of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 231)); or
+
+(v) the transmission, storage, retrieval, hosting, formatting, or translation (or any combination thereof) of a communication, without selection or alteration of the content of the communication, except that deletion of a particular communication or material made by another person in a manner consistent with section 230(c) of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 230(c)) shall not constitute such selection or alteration of the content of the communication; and
+
+(3) the term “performer” includes any person portrayed in a visual depiction engaging in, or assisting another person to engage in, sexually explicit conduct.
+
+(i) Whoever violates this section shall be imprisoned for not more than 5 years, and fined in accordance with the provisions of this title, or both. Whoever violates this section after having been convicted of a violation punishable under this section shall be imprisoned for any period of years not more than 10 years but not less than 2 years, and fined in accordance with the provisions of this title, or both.
+
+(Added Pub. L. 100–690, title VII, § 7513(a), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4487; amended Pub. L. 101–647, title III, §§ 301(b), 311, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4816; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330004(14), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2142; Pub. L. 108–21, title V, § 511(a), Apr. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 684; Pub. L. 109–248, title V, § 502(a), July 27, 2006, 120 Stat. 625.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextFor effective date of this subsection, referred to in subsec. (f)(4)(A), see section 312 of Pub. L. 101–647, set out as an Effective Date of 1990 Amendment note below.
+
+Amendments2006—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–248, § 502(a)(1), inserted “digital image, digitally- or computer-manipulated image of an actual human being, picture,” after “videotape,”. Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 109–248, § 502(a)(2), inserted at end “In this paragraph, the term ‘copy’ includes every page of a website on which matter described in subsection (a) appears.” Subsec. (f)(5). Pub. L. 109–248, § 502(a)(3), added par. (5). Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 109–248, § 502(a)(4), added subsec. (h) and struck out former subsec. (h) which defined “actual sexually explicit conduct”, “identification document”, “produces”, and “performer”. 2003—Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 108–21, § 511(a)(1), substituted “of this chapter or chapter 71,” for “of this section”. Subsec. (h)(3). Pub. L. 108–21, § 511(a)(2), inserted “, computer generated image, digital image, or picture,” after “video tape”. Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 108–21, § 511(a)(3), substituted “not more than 5 years” for “not more than 2 years” and “10 years” for “5 years”. 1994—Subsecs. (f), (g). Pub. L. 103–322 struck out subsecs. (f) and (g) as enacted by Pub. L. 100–690. Subsec. (f) authorized Attorney General to issue regulations to carry out this section and subsec. (g) defined “actual sexually explicit conduct”, “identification document”, “produces”, and “performer”. 1990—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 101–647, § 301(b), substituted “November 1, 1990” for “February 6, 1978”. Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 101–647, § 311, substituted pars. (1) and (2) for former pars. (1) and (2) which were substantially the same and struck out par. (3) which read as follows: “In a prosecution of any person to whom subsection (a) applies for an offense in violation of subsection 2251(a) of this title which has as an element the production of a visual depiction of a minor engaging in or assisting another person to engage in sexually explicit conduct and in which that element is sought to be established by showing that a performer within the meaning of this section is a minor— “(A) proof that the person failed to comply with the provisions of subsection (a) or (b) of this section concerning the creation and maintenance of records, or a regulation issued pursuant thereto, shall raise a rebuttable presumption that such performer was a minor; and “(B) proof that the person failed to comply with the provisions of subsection (e) of this section concerning the statement required by that subsection shall raise the rebuttable presumption that every performer in the matter was a minor.” Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 101–647, § 311, substituted pars. (1) and (2) for former pars. (1) and (2) which were substantially the same and struck out par. (3) which read as follows: “In any prosecution of a person for an offense in violation of section 2252 of this title which has as an element the transporting, mailing, or distribution of a visual depiction involving the use of a minor engaging in sexually explicit conduct, and in which that element is sought to be established by a showing that a performer within the meaning of this section is a minor, proof that the matter in which the visual depiction is contained did not contain the statement required by this section shall raise a rebuttable presumption that such performer was a minor.” Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 101–647, § 311, added subsec. (f) relating to unlawful acts and omissions. Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 101–647, § 311, added subsec. (g) relating to issuance of regulations. Subsecs. (h), (i). Pub. L. 101–647, § 311, added subsecs. (h) and (i).
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 1990 AmendmentPub. L. 101–647, title III, § 312, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4817, provided that: “Subsections (d), (f), (g), (h), and (i) of section 2257 of title 18, United States Code, as added by this title shall take effect 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 29, 1990] except— “(1) the Attorney General shall prepare the initial set of regulations required or authorized by subsections (d), (f), (g), (h), and (i) of section 2257 within 60 days of the date of the enactment of this Act; and “(2) subsection (e) of section 2257 and of any regulation issued pursuant thereto shall take effect 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act.”
+
+Effective DatePub. L. 100–690, title VII, § 7513(c), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4488, provided that: “Section 2257 of title 18, United States Code, as added by this section shall take effect 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 18, 1988] except— “(1) the Attorney General shall prepare the initial set of regulations required or authorized by section 2257 within 90 days of the date of the enactment of this Act; and “(2) subsection (e) of section 2257 of such title and of any regulation issued pursuant thereto shall take effect 270 days after the date of the enactment of this Act.”
+
+ConstructionPub. L. 109–248, title V, § 502(b), July 27, 2006, 120 Stat. 626, provided that: “The provisions of section 2257 [of title 18, United States Code] shall not apply to any depiction of actual sexually explicit conduct as described in clause (v) of section 2256(2)(A) of title 18, United States Code, produced in whole or in part, prior to the effective date of this section [July 27, 2006] unless that depiction also includes actual sexually explicit conduct as described in clauses (i) through (iv) of section 2256(2)(A) of title 18, United States Code.”
+
+ReportPub. L. 108–21, title V, § 511(b), Apr. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 685, provided that, not later than 1 year after Apr. 30, 2003, the Attorney General was to submit to Congress a report detailing the number of times since January 1993 that the Department of Justice had inspected records pursuant to this section and section 75 of title 28 of the Code of Federal Regulations, and the number of violations prosecuted as a result of those inspections.

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-110/section-2257a.md

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 2257A"
+description: "Record keeping requirements for simulated sexual conduct"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "110"
+chapter_name: "SEXUAL EXPLOITATION AND OTHER ABUSE OF CHILDREN"
+section: "2257A"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 2257A"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s2257A"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "b09a6986ed5485a7c4b0eb270374bb28ddfe6a6943f7b793871b1d6f517018a7"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "b84b9fe4b9a321a633c869281d25fb241b120412bd072c288be5e33e61cfb9d2"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 2257A - Record keeping requirements for simulated sexual conduct
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Whoever produces any book, magazine, periodical, film, videotape, digital image, digitally- or computer-manipulated image of an actual human being, picture, or other matter that—
+
+(1) contains 1 or more visual depictions of simulated sexually explicit conduct; and
+
+(2) is produced in whole or in part with materials which have been mailed or shipped in interstate or foreign commerce, or is shipped or transported or is intended for shipment or transportation in interstate or foreign commerce;
+
+shall create and maintain individually identifiable records pertaining to every performer portrayed in such a visual depiction.
+
+(b) Any person to whom subsection (a) applies shall, with respect to every performer portrayed in a visual depiction of simulated sexually explicit conduct—
+
+(1) ascertain, by examination of an identification document containing such information, the performer’s name and date of birth, and require the performer to provide such other indicia of his or her identity as may be prescribed by regulations;
+
+(2) ascertain any name, other than the performer’s present and correct name, ever used by the performer including maiden name, alias, nickname, stage, or professional name; and
+
+(3) record in the records required by subsection (a) the information required by paragraphs (1) and (2) and such other identifying information as may be prescribed by regulation.
+
+(c) Any person to whom subsection (a) applies shall maintain the records required by this section at their business premises, or at such other place as the Attorney General may by regulation prescribe and shall make such records available to the Attorney General for inspection at all reasonable times.
+
+(d) (1) No information or evidence obtained from records required to be created or maintained by this section shall, except as provided in this section, directly or indirectly, be used as evidence against any person with respect to any violation of law.
+
+(2) Paragraph (1) shall not preclude the use of such information or evidence in a prosecution or other action for a violation of this chapter or chapter 71, or for a violation of any applicable provision of law with respect to the furnishing of false information.
+
+(e) (1) Any person to whom subsection (a) applies shall cause to be affixed to every copy of any matter described in subsection (a)(1) in such manner and in such form as the Attorney General shall by regulations prescribe, a statement describing where the records required by this section with respect to all performers depicted in that copy of the matter may be located. In this paragraph, the term “copy” includes every page of a website on which matter described in subsection (a) appears.
+
+(2) If the person to whom subsection (a) applies is an organization the statement required by this subsection shall include the name, title, and business address of the individual employed by such organization responsible for maintaining the records required by this section.
+
+(f) It shall be unlawful—
+
+(1) for any person to whom subsection (a) applies to fail to create or maintain the records as required by subsections (a) and (c) or by any regulation promulgated under this section;
+
+(2) for any person to whom subsection (a) applies knowingly to make any false entry in or knowingly to fail to make an appropriate entry in, any record required by subsection (b) or any regulation promulgated under this section;
+
+(3) for any person to whom subsection (a) applies knowingly to fail to comply with the provisions of subsection (e) or any regulation promulgated pursuant to that subsection; or
+
+(4) for any person knowingly to sell or otherwise transfer, or offer for sale or transfer, any book, magazine, periodical, film, video, or other matter, produced in whole or in part with materials which have been mailed or shipped in interstate or foreign commerce or which is intended for shipment in interstate or foreign commerce, that—
+
+(A) contains 1 or more visual depictions made after the date of enactment of this subsection of simulated sexually explicit conduct; and
+
+(B) is produced in whole or in part with materials which have been mailed or shipped in interstate or foreign commerce, or is shipped or transported or is intended for shipment or transportation in interstate or foreign commerce;
+
+which does not have affixed thereto, in a manner prescribed as set forth in subsection (e)(1), a statement describing where the records required by this section may be located, but such person shall have no duty to determine the accuracy of the contents of the statement or the records required to be kept.
+
+(5) for any person to whom subsection (a) applies to refuse to permit the Attorney General or his or her designee to conduct an inspection under subsection (c).
+
+(g) As used in this section, the terms “produces” and “performer” have the same meaning as in section 2257(h) of this title.
+
+(h) (1) The provisions of this section and section 2257 shall not apply to matter, or any image therein, containing one or more visual depictions of simulated sexually explicit conduct, or actual sexually explicit conduct as described in clause (v) of section 2256(2)(A), if such matter—
+
+(A) (i) is intended for commercial distribution;
+
+(ii) is created as a part of a commercial enterprise by a person who certifies to the Attorney General that such person regularly and in the normal course of business collects and maintains individually identifiable information regarding all performers, including minor performers, employed by that person, pursuant to Federal and State tax, labor, and other laws, labor agreements, or otherwise pursuant to industry standards, where such information includes the name, address, and date of birth of the performer; and
+
+(iii) is not produced, marketed or made available by the person described in clause (ii) to another in circumstances such than 11 So in original. Probably should be “that”. an ordinary person would conclude that the matter contains a visual depiction that is child pornography as defined in section 2256(8); or
+
+(B) (i) is subject to the authority and regulation of the Federal Communications Commission acting in its capacity to enforce section 1464 of this title, regarding the broadcast of obscene, indecent or profane programming; and
+
+(ii) is created as a part of a commercial enterprise by a person who certifies to the Attorney General that such person regularly and in the normal course of business collects and maintains individually identifiable information regarding all performers, including minor performers, employed by that person, pursuant to Federal and State tax, labor, and other laws, labor agreements, or otherwise pursuant to industry standards, where such information includes the name, address, and date of birth of the performer.
+
+(2) Nothing in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (1) shall be construed to exempt any matter that contains any visual depiction that is child pornography, as defined in section 2256(8), or is actual sexually explicit conduct within the definitions in clauses (i) through (iv) of section 2256(2)(A).
+
+(i) (1) Whoever violates this section shall be imprisoned for not more than 1 year, and 22 So in original. fined in accordance with the provisions of this title, or both.
+
+(2) Whoever violates this section in an effort to conceal a substantive offense involving the causing, transporting, permitting or offering or seeking by notice or advertisement, a minor to engage in sexually explicit conduct for the purpose of producing a visual depiction of such conduct in violation of this title, or to conceal a substantive offense that involved trafficking in material involving the sexual exploitation of a minor, including receiving, transporting, advertising, or possessing material involving the sexual exploitation of a minor with intent to traffic, in violation of this title, shall be imprisoned for not more than 5 years and 2 fined in accordance with the provisions of this title, or both.
+
+(3) Whoever violates paragraph (2) after having been previously convicted of a violation punishable under that paragraph shall be imprisoned for any period of years not more than 10 years but not less than 2 years, and 2 fined in accordance with the provisions of this title, or both.The 33 So in original. Probably should be “(j) The”. provisions of this section shall not become effective until 90 days after the final regulations implementing this section are published in the Federal Register. The provisions of this section shall not apply to any matter, or image therein, produced, in whole or in part, prior to the effective date of this section.
+
+(k) On an annual basis, the Attorney General shall submit a report to Congress—
+
+(1) concerning the enforcement of this section and section 2257 by the Department of Justice during the previous 12-month period; and
+
+(2) including—
+
+(A) the number of inspections undertaken pursuant to this section and section 2257;
+
+(B) the number of open investigations pursuant to this section and section 2257;
+
+(C) the number of cases in which a person has been charged with a violation of this section and section 2257; and
+
+(D) for each case listed in response to subparagraph (C), the name of the lead defendant, the federal district in which the case was brought, the court tracking number, and a synopsis of the violation and its disposition, if any, including settlements, sentences, recoveries and penalties.
+
+(Added Pub. L. 109–248, title V, § 503(a), July 27, 2006, 120 Stat. 626.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThe date of enactment of this subsection, referred to in subsec. (f)(4)(A), means the date of enactment of Pub. L. 109–248, which was approved July 27, 2006. Final regulations implementing this section, referred to in the undesignated subsec. preceding subsec. (k), were published in the Federal Register on Dec. 18, 2008, see 73 F.R. 77432.

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-110/section-2258.md

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 2258"
+description: "Failure to report child abuse"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "110"
+chapter_name: "SEXUAL EXPLOITATION AND OTHER ABUSE OF CHILDREN"
+section: "2258"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 2258"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s2258"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "193289491f8dd8deb7061864148dd1179dcd44407e56cec1cc6bee67add555aa"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "17fb5f519e7ad034cb0c987a1840478733913186e769589d06d42066e336cbcb"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 2258 - Failure to report child abuse
+
+## Text
+
+A person who, while engaged in a professional capacity or activity described in subsection (b) of section 226 of the Victims of Child Abuse Act of 1990 on Federal land or in a federally operated (or contracted) facility, or a covered individual as described in subsection (a)(2) of such section 226 who, learns of facts that give reason to suspect that a child has suffered an incident of child abuse, as defined in subsection (c) of that section, and fails to make a timely report as required by subsection (a) of that section, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 1 year or both.
+
+(Added Pub. L. 101–647, title II, § 226(g)(1), Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4808; amended Pub. L. 109–248, title II, § 209, July 27, 2006, 120 Stat. 615; Pub. L. 115–126, title I, § 101(b), Feb. 14, 2018, 132 Stat. 319.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextSection 226 of the Victims of Child Abuse Act of 1990, referred to in text, is classified to section 20341 of Title 34, Crime Control and Law Enforcement.
+
+Codification Another section 2258 was renumbered section 2260 of this title.
+
+Amendments2018—Pub. L. 115–126 inserted “or a covered individual as described in subsection (a)(2) of such section 226 who,” after “facility,”. 2006—Pub. L. 109–248 substituted “fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 1 year or both” for “guilty of a Class B misdemeanor”.

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-110/section-2258b.md

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 2258B"
+description: "Limited liability for the reporting, storage, and handling of certain visual depictions of apparent child pornography to the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "110"
+chapter_name: "SEXUAL EXPLOITATION AND OTHER ABUSE OF CHILDREN"
+section: "2258B"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 2258B"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s2258B"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "cec4e3ffebd73764d189d49fd8122d8abb63ad7b77774e610f36206ce4309c37"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "860f6a1914db0d81d4f1bc65aaca5d89b0031e25278015503a95bdadc9fd1ea1"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 2258B - Limited liability for the reporting, storage, and handling of certain visual depictions of apparent child pornography to the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children
+
+## Text
+
+(a) In General.— Except as provided in subsection (b), a civil claim or criminal charge against a provider or domain name registrar, including any director, officer, employee, or agent of such provider or domain name registrar arising from the performance of the reporting or preservation responsibilities of such provider or domain name registrar under this section, section 2258A, or section 2258C may not be brought in any Federal or State court.
+
+(b) Intentional, Reckless, or Other Misconduct.— Subsection (a) shall not apply to a claim or charge if the provider or domain name registrar, or a director, officer, employee, or agent of that provider or domain name registrar—
+
+(1) engaged in intentional misconduct; or
+
+(2) acted, or failed to act—
+
+(A) with actual malice;
+
+(B) with reckless disregard to a substantial risk of causing physical injury without legal justification; or
+
+(C) for a purpose unrelated to the performance of any responsibility or function under sections 11 So in original. Probably should be “section”. 2258A, 2258C, 2702, or 2703.
+
+(c) Minimizing Access.— A provider and domain name registrar shall—
+
+(1) minimize the number of employees that are provided access to any visual depiction provided under section 2258A or 2258C; and
+
+(2) ensure that any such visual depiction is permanently destroyed, upon a request from a law enforcement agency to destroy the visual depiction.
+
+(d) Limited Liability for NCMEC-Contracted Vendors.— (1) In general.— Except as provided in paragraph (2), a civil claim or criminal charge may not be brought in any Federal or State court against a vendor contractually retained and designated by NCMEC to support the duties of NCMEC under section 404(b)(1)(K) of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 (34 U.S.C. 11293(b)(1)(K)).
+
+(2) Intentional, reckless, or other misconduct.— Paragraph (1) shall not apply to a claim or charge if the vendor—
+
+(A) engaged in—
+
+(i) intentional misconduct; or
+
+(ii) negligent conduct; or
+
+(B) acted, or failed to act—
+
+(i) with actual malice;
+
+(ii) with reckless disregard to a substantial risk of causing injury without legal justification; or
+
+(iii) for a purpose unrelated to the performance of any responsibility or function—
+
+(I) set forth in paragraph (1); or
+
+(II) pursuant to sections 1 2258A, 2258C, 2702, or 2703.
+
+(3) Vendor cybersecurity requirements.— With respect to any visual depiction provided pursuant to the duties of NCMEC under section 404(b)(1)(K) of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 (34 U.S.C. 11293(b)(1)(K)) that is stored or transferred by a vendor contractually retained and designated by NCMEC to support such duties of NCMEC, a vendor shall—
+
+(A) secure such visual depiction in a manner that is consistent with the most recent version of the Cybersecurity Framework developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, or any successor thereto;
+
+(B) minimize the number of employees that may be able to obtain access to such visual depiction;
+
+(C) employ end-to-end encryption for data storage and transfer functions, or an equivalent technological standard;
+
+(D) undergo an independent annual cybersecurity audit to determine whether such visual depiction is secured as required under subparagraph (A); and
+
+(E) promptly address all issues identified by an audit described in subparagraph (D).
+
+(e) Limited Liability for Reporting Apparent Child Pornography by an Individual Depicted in the Child Pornography as a Minor, or a Representative of Such Individual.— (1) In general.— Except as provided in paragraph (2), a civil claim or criminal charge may not be brought in any Federal or State court against an individual depicted in child pornography as a minor, or a representative of such individual, arising from a report to the NCMEC CyberTipline by the individual, or the representative of such individual, of information that relates to the child pornography in which the individual is depicted as a minor, including a copy of the child pornography.
+
+(2) Intentional, reckless, or other misconduct.— Paragraph (1) shall not apply to a claim or charge if the individual, or the representative of such individual—
+
+(A) engaged in—
+
+(i) intentional misconduct;
+
+(ii) negligent conduct; or
+
+(iii) any activity which constitutes a violation of section 2251; or
+
+(B) acted, or failed to act—
+
+(i) with actual malice; or
+
+(ii) with reckless disregard to a substantial risk of causing injury without legal justification.
+
+(3) Minimizing access.— With respect to any child pornography reported to the NCMEC CyberTipline by an individual depicted in the child pornography as a minor, or a representative of such individual, NCMEC shall minimize access to the child pornography and ensure the appropriate deletion of the child pornography, as set forth in section 2258D.
+
+(4) Definition.— For purposes of this subsection, the term “representative”, with respect to an individual depicted in child pornography—
+
+(A) means—
+
+(i) the parent or legal guardian of the individual, if the individual is under 18 years of age;
+
+(ii) the legal guardian or other person appointed by a court to represent the individual;
+
+(iii) a legal representative retained by the individual;
+
+(iv) a representative of the estate of the individual; or
+
+(v) a person who is a mandated reporter under section 226(a)(1) of the Victims of Child Abuse Act of 1990 (34 U.S.C. 20341(a)(1)); and
+
+(B) does not include a person who engaged in any activity which constitutes a violation of section 2251.
+
+(Added Pub. L. 110–401, title V, § 501(a), Oct. 13, 2008, 122 Stat. 4248; amended Pub. L. 115–395, § 3, Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5292; Pub. L. 118–59, § 2(a), May 7, 2024, 138 Stat. 1014.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments2024—Pub. L. 118–59, § 2(a)(1), substituted “the reporting, storage, and handling of certain visual depictions of apparent child pornography to the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children” for “providers or domain name registrars” in section catchline. Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 118–59, § 2(a)(2)(A), inserted “or charge” after “a claim” in introductory provisions. Subsec. (b)(2)(C). Pub. L. 118–59, § 2(a)(2)(B), struck out “this section,” after “or function under”. Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 118–59, § 2(a)(3), added subsecs. (d) and (e). 2018—Pub. L. 115–395, § 3(1), substituted “providers, or domain name registrars” for “electronic communication service providers, remote computing service providers, or domain name registrar” in section catchline. Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–395, § 3(2), substituted “a provider” for “an electronic communication service provider, a remote computing service provider,” and substituted “such provider” for “such electronic communication service provider, remote computing service provider,” in two places. Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 115–395, § 3(3), substituted “provider” for “electronic communication service provider, remote computing service provider,” in two places in introductory provisions. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 115–395, § 3(4), substituted “A provider” for “An electronic communication service provider, a remote computing service provider,” in introductory provisions and “visual depiction” for “image” wherever appearing in pars. (1) and (2).
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+ApplicabilityPub. L. 118–59, § 2(b), May 7, 2024, 138 Stat. 1016, provided that: “The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to a civil claim or criminal charge that is filed on or after the date of enactment of this Act [May 7, 2024].”

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-110/section-2258c.md

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 2258C"
+description: "Use to combat child pornography of technical elements relating to reports made to the CyberTipline"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "110"
+chapter_name: "SEXUAL EXPLOITATION AND OTHER ABUSE OF CHILDREN"
+section: "2258C"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 2258C"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s2258C"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "374dc81abefea2ed59e40eb668c78383f8c73a4f1335aa5175fcc7b8937ed0a6"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "3e10da1ca135c534627ac8c09acbfb090fcb67d34383c74fd5c03d391ac96602"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 2258C - Use to combat child pornography of technical elements relating to reports made to the CyberTipline
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Elements.— (1) In general.— NCMEC may provide elements relating to any CyberTipline report to a provider for the sole and exclusive purpose of permitting that provider to stop the online sexual exploitation of children.
+
+(2) Inclusions.— The elements authorized under paragraph (1) may include hash values or other unique identifiers associated with a specific visual depiction, including an Internet location and any other elements provided in a CyberTipline report that can be used to identify, prevent, curtail, or stop the transmission of child pornography and prevent the online sexual exploitation of children.
+
+(3) Exclusion.— The elements authorized under paragraph (1) may not include the actual visual depictions of apparent child pornography.
+
+(b) Use by Providers.— Any provider that receives elements relating to any CyberTipline report from NCMEC under this section may use such information only for the purposes described in this section, provided that such use shall not relieve the provider from reporting under section 2258A.
+
+(c) Limitations.— Nothing in subsections 11 So in original. Probably should be “subsection”. (a) or (b) requires providers receiving elements relating to any CyberTipline report from NCMEC to use the elements to stop the online sexual exploitation of children.
+
+(d) Provision of Elements to Law Enforcement.— NCMEC may make available to Federal, State, and local law enforcement, and to foreign law enforcement agencies described in section 2258A(c)(3), involved in the investigation of child sexual exploitation crimes elements, including hash values, relating to any apparent child pornography visual depiction reported to the CyberTipline.
+
+(e) Use by Law Enforcement.— Any foreign, Federal, State, or local law enforcement agency that receives elements relating to any apparent child pornography visual depiction from NCMEC under subsection (d) may use such elements only in the performance of the official duties of that agency to investigate child sexual exploitation crimes, and prevent future sexual victimization of children.
+
+(Added Pub. L. 110–401, title V, § 501(a), Oct. 13, 2008, 122 Stat. 4249; amended Pub. L. 115–395, § 4, Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5292.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments2018—Pub. L. 115–395, § 4(1), substituted “to reports made to” for “to images reported to” in section catchline. Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 115–395, § 4(2)(A), substituted “NCMEC may provide elements relating to any CyberTipline report to a provider” for “The National Center for Missing and Exploited Children may provide elements relating to any apparent child pornography image of an identified child to an electronic communication service provider or a remote computing service provider” and “that provider to stop the online sexual exploitation of children” for “that electronic communication service provider or remote computing service provider to stop the further transmission of images”. Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 115–395, § 4(2)(B), substituted “specific visual depiction, including an Internet location and any other elements provided in a CyberTipline report that can be used to identify, prevent, curtail, or stop the transmission of child pornography and prevent the online sexual exploitation of children” for “specific image, Internet location of images, and other technological elements that can be used to identify and stop the transmission of child pornography”. Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 115–395, § 4(2)(C), substituted “actual visual depictions of apparent child pornography” for “actual images”. Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 115–395, § 4(3), in heading, substituted “Providers” for “Electronic Communication Service Providers and Remote Computing Service Providers” and, in text, substituted “provider that receives elements relating to any CyberTipline report from NCMEC” for “electronic communication service provider or remote computing service provider that receives elements relating to any apparent child pornography image of an identified child from the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children” and “shall not relieve the provider from reporting” for “shall not relieve that electronic communication service provider or remote computing service provider from its reporting obligations”. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 115–395, § 4(4), substituted “providers” for “electronic communication service providers or remote computing service providers”, “CyberTipline report from NCMEC” for “apparent child pornography image of an identified child from the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children”, and “online sexual exploitation of children” for “further transmission of the images”. Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 115–395, § 4(5), substituted “NCMEC may” for “The National Center for Missing and Exploited Children shall”, inserted “, and to foreign law enforcement agencies described in section 2258A(c)(3),” after “local law enforcement”, and substituted “investigation of child sexual exploitation” for “investigation of child pornography” and “visual depiction reported to the CyberTipline” for “image of an identified child reported to the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children”. Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 115–395, § 4(6), inserted “foreign,” before “Federal” and substituted “visual depiction from NCMEC under subsection (d)” for “image of an identified child from the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children under section (d)” and “child sexual exploitation crimes, and prevent future sexual victimization of children” for “child pornography crimes”.

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-110/section-2258d.md

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 2258D"
+description: "Limited liability for NCMEC"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "110"
+chapter_name: "SEXUAL EXPLOITATION AND OTHER ABUSE OF CHILDREN"
+section: "2258D"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 2258D"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s2258D"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "41d81151294eaf8e6558cbe7c7545add9c3936d95bca162e13c785d8fa4f4749"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "28b6d86b071d6dac65a2d450f76b0273f358f830ac94226c0f37e648b7678865"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 2258D - Limited liability for NCMEC
+
+## Text
+
+(a) In General.— Pursuant to its clearinghouse role as a private, nonprofit organization and its mission to help find missing children, reduce online sexual exploitation of children and prevent future victimization, and except as provided in subsections (b) and (c), a civil claim or criminal charge against NCMEC, including any director, officer, employee, or agent of NCMEC, arising from the performance of the CyberTipline responsibilities or functions of NCMEC, as described in this section, section 2258A or 2258C of this title, or section 404 of the Missing Children’s Assistance Act (34 U.S.C. 11293), or from the efforts of NCMEC to identify child victims may not be brought in any Federal or State court.
+
+(b) Intentional, Reckless, or Other Misconduct.— Subsection (a) shall not apply to a claim or charge if NCMEC, or a director, officer, employee, or agent of NCMEC—
+
+(1) engaged in intentional misconduct; or
+
+(2) acted, or failed to act—
+
+(A) with actual malice;
+
+(B) with reckless disregard to a substantial risk of causing injury without legal justification; or
+
+(C) for a purpose unrelated to the performance of any responsibility or function under this section, section 2258A or 2258C of this title, or section 404 of the Missing Children’s Assistance Act (34 U.S.C. 11293).
+
+(c) Ordinary Business Activities.— Subsection (a) shall not apply to an act or omission relating to an ordinary business activity, including general administration or operations, the use of motor vehicles, or personnel management.
+
+(d) Minimizing Access.— NCMEC shall—
+
+(1) minimize the number of employees that are provided access to any visual depiction provided under section 2258A; and
+
+(2) ensure that any such visual depiction is permanently destroyed upon notification from a law enforcement agency.
+
+(Added Pub. L. 110–401, title V, § 501(a), Oct. 13, 2008, 122 Stat. 4250; amended Pub. L. 115–395, § 5, Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5294.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments2018—Pub. L. 115–395, § 5(1), substituted “NCMEC” for “the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children” in section catchline. Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–395, § 5(2), substituted “Pursuant to its clearinghouse role as a private, nonprofit organization and its mission to help find missing children, reduce online sexual exploitation of children and prevent future victimization, and except as provided” for “Except as provided”, “against NCMEC” for “against the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children”, “(34 U.S.C. 11293)” for “(42 U.S.C. 5773)”, “of NCMEC” for “of such center” wherever appearing, and “from the efforts” for “from the effort”. Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 115–395, § 5(3), substituted “if NCMEC” for “if the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children”, “of NCMEC” for “of such center”, and “(34 U.S.C. 11293)” for “(42 U.S.C. 5773)”. Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 115–395, § 5(4), substituted “NCMEC” for “The National Center for Missing and Exploited Children” in introductory provisions and “visual depiction” for “image” in pars. (1) and (2).

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-110/section-2258e.md

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 2258E"
+description: "Definitions"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "110"
+chapter_name: "SEXUAL EXPLOITATION AND OTHER ABUSE OF CHILDREN"
+section: "2258E"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 2258E"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s2258E"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "256cbbb2f8cab329a0908a8544c5ad974de5178b94ae656abdaa140e58413a97"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "1d1dcdb57412fa285a1324dc34c26a1e0a3cc78ef217c218ee36e8c90117e529"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 2258E - Definitions
+
+## Text
+
+In sections 2258A through 2258E—
+
+(1) the terms “attorney for the government” and “State” have the meanings given those terms in rule 1 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure;
+
+(2) the term “electronic communication service” has the meaning given that term in section 2510;
+
+(3) the term “electronic mail address” has the meaning given that term in section 3 of the CAN–SPAM Act of 2003 (15 U.S.C. 7702);
+
+(4) the term “Internet” has the meaning given that term in section 1101 of the Internet Tax Freedom Act (47 U.S.C. 151 note);
+
+(5) the term “remote computing service” has the meaning given that term in section 2711;
+
+(6) the term “provider” means an electronic communication service provider or remote computing service;
+
+(7) the term “NCMEC” means the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children; and
+
+(8) the term “website” means any collection of material placed in a computer server-based file archive so that it is publicly accessible, over the Internet, using hypertext transfer protocol or any successor protocol.
+
+(Added Pub. L. 110–401, title V, § 501(a), Oct. 13, 2008, 122 Stat. 4250; amended Pub. L. 115–395, § 6, Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5294.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThe Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, referred to in par. (1), are set out in the Appendix to this title. Section 1101 of the Internet Tax Freedom Act, referred to in par. (4), is section 1101 of title XI of div. C of Pub. L. 105–277, which is set out in a note under section 151 of Title 47, Telecommunications.
+
+Amendments2018—Pub. L. 115–395, § 6(1), substituted “2258E” for “2258D” in introductory provisions. Pars. (6) to (8). Pub. L. 115–395, § 6(2)–(4), added pars. (6) and (7) and redesignated former par. (6) as (8).

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-110/section-2259.md

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 2259"
+description: "Mandatory restitution"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "110"
+chapter_name: "SEXUAL EXPLOITATION AND OTHER ABUSE OF CHILDREN"
+section: "2259"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 2259"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s2259"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "4b768dd7e30a43c3d962ef59fa739772232b0ed8f351484d153c73114c9fc83b"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "aa6b02d62ccb7bc426d106fa30e023c9d2f3f4942ac42bfe2e2ec126efd9e034"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 2259 - Mandatory restitution
+
+## Text
+
+(a) In General.— Notwithstanding section 3663 or 3663A, and in addition to any other civil or criminal penalty authorized by law, the court shall order restitution for any offense under this chapter.
+
+(b) Scope and Nature of Order.— (1) Directions.— Except as provided in paragraph (2), the order of restitution under this section shall direct the defendant to pay the victim (through the appropriate court mechanism) the full amount of the victim’s losses.
+
+(2) Restitution for trafficking in child pornography.— If the defendant was convicted of trafficking in child pornography, the court shall order restitution under this section in an amount to be determined by the court as follows:
+
+(A) Determining the full amount of a victim’s losses.— The court shall determine the full amount of the victim’s losses that were incurred or are reasonably projected to be incurred by the victim as a result of the trafficking in child pornography depicting the victim.
+
+(B) Determining a restitution amount.— After completing the determination required under subparagraph (A), the court shall order restitution in an amount that reflects the defendant’s relative role in the causal process that underlies the victim’s losses, but which is no less than $3,000.
+
+(C) Termination of payment.— A victim’s total aggregate recovery pursuant to this section shall not exceed the full amount of the victim’s demonstrated losses. After the victim has received restitution in the full amount of the victim’s losses as measured by the greatest amount of such losses found in any case involving that victim that has resulted in a final restitution order under this section, the liability of each defendant who is or has been ordered to pay restitution for such losses to that victim shall be terminated. The court may require the victim to provide information concerning the amount of restitution the victim has been paid in other cases for the same losses.
+
+(3) Enforcement.— An order of restitution under this section shall be issued and enforced in accordance with section 3664 in the same manner as an order under section 3663A.
+
+(4) Order mandatory.— (A) The issuance of a restitution order under this section is mandatory.
+
+(B) A court may not decline to issue an order under this section because of—
+
+(i) the economic circumstances of the defendant; or
+
+(ii) the fact that a victim has, or is entitled to, receive compensation for his or her injuries from the proceeds of insurance or any other source.
+
+(c) Definitions.— (1) Child pornography production.— For purposes of this section and section 2259A, the term “child pornography production” means conduct proscribed by subsections (a) through (c) of section 2251, section 2251A, section 2252A(g) (in cases in which the series of felony violations involves at least 1 of the violations listed in this subsection), section 2260(a), or any offense under chapter 109A or chapter 117 that involved the production of child pornography (as such term is defined in section 2256).
+
+(2) Full amount of the victim’s losses.— For purposes of this subsection, the term “full amount of the victim’s losses” includes any costs incurred, or that are reasonably projected to be incurred in the future, by the victim, as a proximate result of the offenses involving the victim, and in the case of trafficking in child pornography offenses, as a proximate result of all trafficking in child pornography offenses involving the same victim, including—
+
+(A) medical services relating to physical, psychiatric, or psychological care;
+
+(B) physical and occupational therapy or rehabilitation;
+
+(C) necessary transportation, temporary housing, and child care expenses;
+
+(D) lost income;
+
+(E) reasonable attorneys’ fees, as well as other costs incurred; and
+
+(F) any other relevant losses incurred by the victim.
+
+(3) Trafficking in child pornography.— For purposes of this section and section 2259A, the term “trafficking in child pornography” means conduct proscribed by section 2251(d), 2252, 2252A(a)(1) through (5), 2252A(g) (in cases in which the series of felony violations exclusively involves violations of section 2251(d), 2252, 2252A(a)(1) through (5), or 2260(b)), or 2260(b).
+
+(4) Victim.— For purposes of this section, the term “victim” means the individual harmed as a result of a commission of a crime under this chapter. In the case of a victim who is under 18 years of age, incompetent, incapacitated, or deceased, the legal guardian of the victim or representative of the victim’s estate, another family member, or any other person appointed as suitable by the court, may assume the crime victim’s rights under this section, but in no event shall the defendant be named as such representative or guardian.
+
+(d) Defined Monetary Assistance.— (1) Defined monetary assistance made available at victim’s election.— (A) Election to receive defined monetary assistance.— Subject to paragraphs (2) and (3), when a defendant is convicted of trafficking in child pornography, any victim of that trafficking in child pornography may choose to receive defined monetary assistance from the Child Pornography Victims Reserve established under section 1402(d)(6) of the Victims of Crime Act of 1984 (34 U.S.C. 20101(d)).
+
+(B) Finding.— To be eligible for defined monetary assistance under this subsection, a court shall determine whether the claimant is a victim of the defendant who was convicted of trafficking in child pornography.
+
+(C) Order.— If a court determines that a claimant is a victim of trafficking in child pornography under subparagraph (B) and the claimant chooses to receive defined monetary assistance, the court shall order payment in accordance with subparagraph (D) to the victim from the Child Pornography Victims Reserve established under section 1402(d)(6) of the Victims of Crime Act of 1984.
+
+(D) Amount of defined monetary assistance.— The amount of defined monetary assistance payable under this subparagraph shall be equal to—
+
+(i) for the first calendar year after the date of enactment of this subsection, $35,000; and
+
+(ii) for each calendar year after the year described in clause (i), $35,000 multiplied by the ratio (not less than one) of—
+
+(I) the Consumer Price Index for all Urban Consumers (CPI–U, as published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the Department of Labor) for the calendar year preceding such calendar year; to
+
+(II) the CPI–U for the calendar year 2 years before the calendar year described in clause (i).
+
+(2) Limitations on defined monetary assistance.— (A) In general.— A victim may only obtain defined monetary assistance under this subsection once.
+
+(B) Effect on recovery of other restitution.— A victim who obtains defined monetary assistance under this subsection shall not be barred or limited from receiving restitution against any defendant for any offenses not covered by this section.
+
+(C) Deduction.— If a victim who received defined monetary assistance under this subsection subsequently seeks restitution under this section, the court shall deduct the amount the victim received in defined monetary assistance when determining the full amount of the victim’s losses.
+
+(3) Limitations on eligibility.— A victim who has collected payment of restitution pursuant to this section in an amount greater than the amount provided for under paragraph (1)(D) shall be ineligible to receive defined monetary assistance under this subsection.
+
+(4) Attorney fees.— (A) In general.— An attorney representing a victim seeking defined monetary assistance under this subsection may not charge, receive, or collect, and the court may not approve, any payment of fees and costs that in the aggregate exceeds 15 percent of any payment made under this subsection.
+
+(B) Penalty.— An attorney who violates subparagraph (A) shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 1 year, or both.
+
+(Added Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, § 40113(b)(1), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1907; amended Pub. L. 104–132, title II, § 205(c), Apr. 24, 1996, 110 Stat. 1231; Pub. L. 115–299, §§ 3(a), (b), 4, Dec. 7, 2018, 132 Stat. 4384, 4385.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThe date of enactment of this subsection, referred to in subsec. (d)(1)(D)(i), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 115–299, which was approved Dec. 7, 2018.
+
+Amendments2018—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 115–299, § 3(a)(1), substituted “Except as provided in paragraph (2), the order” for “The order” and struck out “as determined by the court pursuant to paragraph (2)” after “of the victim’s losses”. Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 115–299, § 3(a)(4), added par. (2). Former par. (2) redesignated (3). Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 115–299, § 3(a)(2), (3), redesignated par. (2) as (3) and struck out former par. (3) which defined “full amount of the victim’s losses”. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 115–299, § 3(b)(1), (2), (5), substituted “Definitions” for “Definition” in subsec. heading, designated existing provisions as par. (4) and inserted par. heading, and added pars. (1) to (3). Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 115–299, § 3(b)(3), (4), substituted “under this chapter. In the case” for “under this chapter, including, in the case”, and inserted “may assume the crime victim’s rights under this section,” after “or any other person appointed as suitable by the court,”. Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 115–299, § 4, added subsec. (d). 1996—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–132, § 205(c)(1), inserted “or 3663A” after “3663”. Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 104–132, § 205(c)(2)(A), reenacted heading without change and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “The order of restitution under this section shall direct that— “(A) the defendant pay to the victim (through the appropriate court mechanism) the full amount of the victim’s losses as determined by the court, pursuant to paragraph (3); and “(B) the United States Attorney enforce the restitution order by all available and reasonable means.” Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 104–132, § 205(c)(2)(B), struck out “by victim” after “Enforcement” in heading and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “An order of restitution may also be enforced by a victim named in the order to receive the restitution in the same manner as a judgment in a civil action.” Subsec. (b)(4)(C), (D). Pub. L. 104–132, § 205(c)(2)(C), struck out subpars. (C) and (D), which related to court’s consideration of economic circumstances of defendant in determining schedule of payment of restitution orders, and court’s entry of nominal restitution awards where economic circumstances of defendant do not allow for payment of restitution, respectively. Subsec. (b)(5) to (10). Pub. L. 104–132, § 205(c)(2)(D), struck out pars. (5) to (10), which related, respectively, to more than 1 offender, more than 1 victim, payment schedule, setoff, effect on other sources of compensation, and condition of probation or supervised release. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104–132, § 205(c)(3), (4), redesignated subsec. (f) as (c) and struck out former subsec. (c) relating to proof of claim. Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 104–132, § 205(c)(3), struck out subsecs. (d) and (e) which read as follows: “(d) Modification of Order.—A victim or the offender may petition the court at any time to modify a restitution order as appropriate in view of a change in the economic circumstances of the offender. “(e) Reference to Magistrate or Special Master.—The court may refer any issue arising in connection with a proposed order of restitution to a magistrate or special master for proposed findings of fact and recommendations as to disposition, subject to a de novo determination of the issue by the court.” Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 104–132, § 205(c)(4), redesignated subsec. (f) as (c).
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 1996 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 104–132 effective, to extent constitutionally permissible, for sentencing proceedings in cases in which defendant is convicted on or after Apr. 24, 1996, see section 211 of Pub. L. 104–132, set out as a note under section 2248 of this title.
+
+FindingsPub. L. 115–299, § 2, Dec. 7, 2018, 132 Stat. 4383, provided that: “Congress finds the following: “(1) The demand for child pornography harms children because it drives production, which involves severe child sexual abuse and exploitation. “(2) The harms caused by child pornography begin, but do not end, with child sex assault because child pornography is a permanent record of that abuse and trafficking in those images compounds the harm to the child. “(3) In Paroline v. United States (2014), the Supreme Court recognized that ‘every viewing of child pornography is a repetition of the victim’s abuse’. “(4) The American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children has stated that for victims of child pornography, ‘the sexual abuse of the child, the memorialization of that abuse which becomes child pornography, and its subsequent distribution and viewing become psychologically intertwined and each compound the harm suffered by the child-victim’. “(5) Victims suffer continuing and grievous harm as a result of knowing that a large, indeterminate number of individuals have viewed and will in the future view images of their childhood sexual abuse. Harms of this sort are a major reason that child pornography is outlawed. “(6) The unlawful collective conduct of every individual who reproduces, distributes, or possesses the images of a victim’s childhood sexual abuse plays a part in sustaining and aggravating the harms to that individual victim. “(7) It is the intent of Congress that victims of child pornography be compensated for the harms resulting from every perpetrator who contributes to their anguish. Such an aggregate causation standard reflects the nature of child pornography and the unique ways that it actually harms victims.”

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-110/section-2259a.md

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 2259A"
+description: "Assessments in child pornography cases"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "110"
+chapter_name: "SEXUAL EXPLOITATION AND OTHER ABUSE OF CHILDREN"
+section: "2259A"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 2259A"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s2259A"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "5a21e1fcd32d71a8e85fd47f3f1088d710ebfb2c2476e21c9dedfdfebcfed5b1"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "efa255a06b759cf00f8e86d50c1fcdbcb72c0535f66a7ff5e0db2777c4abf2a2"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 2259A - Assessments in child pornography cases
+
+## Text
+
+(a) In General.— In addition to any other criminal penalty, restitution, or special assessment authorized by law, the court shall assess—
+
+(1) not more than $17,000 on any person convicted of an offense under section 2252(a)(4) or 2252A(a)(5);
+
+(2) not more than $35,000 on any person convicted of any other offense for trafficking in child pornography; and
+
+(3) not more than $50,000 on any person convicted of a child pornography production offense.
+
+(b) Annual Adjustment.— The dollar amounts in subsection (a) shall be adjusted annually in conformity with the Consumer Price Index.
+
+(c) Factors Considered.— In determining the amount of the assessment under subsection (a), the court shall consider the factors set forth in sections 3553(a) and 3572.
+
+(d) Imposition and Implementation.— (1) In general.— The provisions of subchapter C of chapter 227 (other than section 3571) and subchapter B of chapter 229 (relating to fines) apply to assessments under this section, except that paragraph (2) applies in lieu of any contrary provisions of law relating to fines or disbursement of money received from a defendant.
+
+(2) Effect on other penalties.— Imposition of an assessment under this section does not relieve a defendant of, or entitle a defendant to reduce the amount of any other penalty by the amount of the assessment. Any money received from a defendant shall be disbursed so that each of the following obligations is paid in full in the following sequence:
+
+(A) A special assessment under section 3013.
+
+(B) Restitution to victims of any child pornography production or trafficking offense that the defendant committed.
+
+(C) An assessment under this section.
+
+(D) Other orders under any other section of this title.
+
+(E) All other fines, penalties, costs, and other payments required under the sentence.
+
+(Added Pub. L. 115–299, § 5(a), Dec. 7, 2018, 132 Stat. 4386.)

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-110/section-2259b.md

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 2259B"
+description: "Child pornography victims reserve"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "110"
+chapter_name: "SEXUAL EXPLOITATION AND OTHER ABUSE OF CHILDREN"
+section: "2259B"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 2259B"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s2259B"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "aa38bef8d49a5f592989b176edd50edaf9c6d35bdb500d7a0c7baa5288b674c8"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "7aafc2985a1a0ee7032bf3b63f342b99e3a2dc058252ff026b483a357a492a5f"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 2259B - Child pornography victims reserve
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Deposits Into the Reserve.— Notwithstanding any other provision of law, there shall be deposited into the Child Pornography Victims Reserve established under section 1402(d)(6) of the Victims of Crime Act of 1984 (34 U.S.C. 20101(d)) all assessments collected under section 2259A and any gifts, bequests, or donations to the Child Pornography Victims Reserve from private entities or individuals.
+
+(b) Availability for Defined Monetary Assistance.— Amounts in the Child Pornography Victims Reserve shall be available for payment of defined monetary assistance pursuant to section 2259(d). If at any time the Child Pornography Victims Reserve has insufficient funds to make all of the payments ordered under section 2259(d), the Child Pornography Victims Reserve shall make such payments as it can satisfy in full from available funds. In determining the order in which such payments shall be made, the Child Pornography Victims Reserve shall make payments based on the date they were ordered, with the earliest-ordered payments made first.
+
+(c) Administration.— The Attorney General shall administer the Child Pornography Victims Reserve and shall issue guidelines and regulations to implement this section.
+
+(d) Sense of Congress.— It is the sense of Congress that individuals who violate this chapter prior to the date of the enactment of the Amy, Vicky, and Andy Child Pornography Victim Assistance Act of 2018, but who are sentenced after such date, shall be subject to the statutory scheme that was in effect at the time the offenses were committed.
+
+(Added Pub. L. 115–299, § 5(c), Dec. 7, 2018, 132 Stat. 4387.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThe date of the enactment of the Amy, Vicky, and Andy Child Pornography Victim Assistance Act of 2018, referred to in subsec. (d), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 115–299, which was approved Dec. 7, 2018.

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-110/section-2260.md

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 2260"
+description: "Production of sexually explicit depictions of a minor for importation into the United States"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "110"
+chapter_name: "SEXUAL EXPLOITATION AND OTHER ABUSE OF CHILDREN"
+section: "2260"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 2260"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s2260"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "230b8faff30d0f3c01933a1f99b174be4439ef4a98ae95fc746acf92be37e786"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "186a60b331c287ef0816860aa8b360c637699deb5e5e62244c4fbea72d9885cd"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 2260 - Production of sexually explicit depictions of a minor for importation into the United States
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Use of Minor.— A person who, outside the United States, employs, uses, persuades, induces, entices, or coerces any minor to engage in, or who has a minor assist any other person to engage in, or who transports any minor with the intent that the minor engage in any sexually explicit conduct for the purpose of producing any visual depiction of such conduct or for the purpose of transmitting a live visual depiction of such conduct, intending that the visual depiction will be imported or transmitted into the United States or into waters within 12 miles of the coast of the United States, shall be punished as provided in subsection (c).
+
+(b) Use of Visual Depiction.— A person who, outside the United States, knowingly receives, transports, ships, distributes, sells, or possesses with intent to transport, ship, sell, or distribute any visual depiction of a minor engaging in sexually explicit conduct (if the production of the visual depiction involved the use of a minor engaging in sexually explicit conduct), intending that the visual depiction will be imported into the United States or into waters within a distance of 12 miles of the coast of the United States, shall be punished as provided in subsection (c).
+
+(c) Penalties.— (1) A person who violates subsection (a), or attempts or conspires to do so, shall be subject to the penalties provided in subsection (e) of section 2251 for a violation of that section, including the penalties provided for such a violation by a person with a prior conviction or convictions as described in that subsection.
+
+(2) A person who violates subsection (b), or attempts or conspires to do so, shall be subject to the penalties provided in subsection (b)(1) of section 2252 for a violation of paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of subsection (a) of that section, including the penalties provided for such a violation by a person with a prior conviction or convictions as described in subsection (b)(1) of section 2252.
+
+(Added Pub. L. 103–322, title XVI, § 160001(a), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2036, § 2258; renumbered § 2260, Pub. L. 104–294, title VI, § 601(i)(1), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3501; amended Pub. L. 109–248, title II, § 206(b)(5), July 27, 2006, 120 Stat. 614; Pub. L. 110–401, title III, § 303, Oct. 13, 2008, 122 Stat. 4242.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments2008—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–401 inserted “or for the purpose of transmitting a live visual depiction of such conduct” after “for the purpose of producing any visual depiction of such conduct” and “or transmitted” after “imported”. 2006—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–248 amended subsec. (c) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “A person who violates subsection (a) or (b), or conspires or attempts to do so— “(1) shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 10 years, or both; and “(2) if the person has a prior conviction under this chapter or chapter 109A, shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both.” 1996—Pub. L. 104–294 renumbered section 2258, relating to production of sexually explicit depictions of minor, as this section.

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-110/section-2260a.md

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 2260A"
+description: "Penalties for registered sex offenders"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "110"
+chapter_name: "SEXUAL EXPLOITATION AND OTHER ABUSE OF CHILDREN"
+section: "2260A"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 2260A"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s2260A"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "c4cda0332529c43048ac851c0901b52b30ad156dc2aadd4d87da6210adf0b943"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "3ebd2a32109fdce8368a9c339ee4b9a0979e4257ae3ce489bbccc950ef3b3f05"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 2260A - Penalties for registered sex offenders
+
+## Text
+
+Whoever, being required by Federal or other law to register as a sex offender, commits a felony offense involving a minor under section 1201, 1466A, 1470, 1591, 2241, 2242, 2243, 2244, 2245, 2251, 2251A, 2260, 2421, 2422, 2423, or 2425, shall be sentenced to a term of imprisonment of 10 years in addition to the imprisonment imposed for the offense under that provision. The sentence imposed under this section shall be consecutive to any sentence imposed for the offense under that provision.
+
+(Added Pub. L. 109–248, title VII, § 702(a), July 27, 2006, 120 Stat. 648.)