Legal corpus: the complete U.S. Code (59,740 sections, all 53 titles)

Ingested titles 12–51 and 54 from OLRC USLM XML @119-100 (the whole Code
now, uniform edition; Title 53 is reserved/empty). LegalText 11,221 ->
59,740; repo total 105,704 records. Deterministic (byte-identical rerun,
verified on Title 42's 8,356 sections); make check green. make
legal-us-code default now covers every title.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-113/section-2311.md

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+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 2311"
+description: "Definitions"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "113"
+chapter_name: "STOLEN PROPERTY"
+section: "2311"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 2311"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s2311"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "16d01e18a0ffbc3dc2cef3036394a9995e1089088c669372767a029e695e0e45"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 2311 - Definitions
+
+## Text
+
+As used in this chapter: “Aircraft” means any contrivance now known or hereafter invented, used, or designed for navigation of or for flight in the air; “Cattle” means one or more bulls, steers, oxen, cows, heifers, or calves, or the carcass or carcasses thereof; “Livestock” means any domestic animals raised for home use, consumption, or profit, such as horses, pigs, llamas, goats, fowl, sheep, buffalo, and cattle, or the carcasses thereof; “Money” means the legal tender of the United States or of any foreign country, or any counterfeit thereof; “Motor vehicle” includes an automobile, automobile truck, automobile wagon, motorcycle, or any other self-propelled vehicle designed for running on land but not on rails; “Securities” includes any note, stock certificate, bond, debenture, check, draft, warrant, traveler’s check, letter of credit, warehouse receipt, negotiable bill of lading, evidence of indebtedness, certificate of interest or participation in any profit-sharing agreement, collateral-trust certificate, preorganization certificate or subscription, transferable share, investment contract, voting-trust certificate; valid or blank motor vehicle title; certificate of interest in property, tangible or intangible; instrument or document or writing evidencing ownership of goods, wares, and merchandise, or transferring or assigning any right, title, or interest in or to goods, wares, and merchandise; or, in general, any instrument commonly known as a “security”, or any certificate of interest or participation in, temporary or interim certificate for, receipt for, warrant, or right to subscribe to or purchase any of the foregoing, or any forged, counterfeited, or spurious representation of any of the foregoing; “Tax stamp” includes any tax stamp, tax token, tax meter imprint, or any other form of evidence of an obligation running to a State, or evidence of the discharge thereof; “Value” means the face, par, or market value, whichever is the greatest, and the aggregate value of all goods, wares, and merchandise, securities, and money referred to in a single indictment shall constitute the value thereof. “Vessel” means any watercraft or other contrivance used or designed for transportation or navigation on, under, or immediately above, water.
+
+(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 805; Pub. L. 87–371, § 1, Oct. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 802; Pub. L. 98–547, title II, § 202, Oct. 25, 1984, 98 Stat. 2770; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXII, § 320912, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2128; Pub. L. 104–294, title VI, § 604(b)(20), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3507; Pub. L. 107–273, div. B, title IV, § 4002(b)(8), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1808; Pub. L. 109–177, title III, § 307(b)(1), Mar. 9, 2006, 120 Stat. 240.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision NotesBased on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §§ 408, 414(b), (c), 417, 419a(a) (Oct. 29, 1919, ch. 89, § 2(a), 41 Stat. 324; May 22, 1934, ch. 333, §§ 2(b), (c), 5, 48 Stat. 794, 795; Aug. 3, 1939, ch. 413, § 3, 53 Stat. 1178; Aug. 18, 1941, ch. 366, § 2(a), 55 Stat. 631; Sept. 24, 1945, ch. 383, § 1, 59 Stat. 536). The definitive provisions in each of said sections were separated therefrom and consolidated into this one section defining terms used in this chapter. The definitions of “interstate or foreign commerce”, contained in said section 408 and in sections 414(a) and 419a(b) of title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., are incorporated in section 10 of this title. Other provisions of section 408 of title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., are incorporated in sections 2312 and 2313 of this title. In the definition of “motor vehicle”, words “designed for running on land but not on rails” were substituted for “not designed for running on rails” so as to conform with the ruling in the case of McBoyle v. U.S. (1931, 51 S. Ct. 340, 283, U. S. 25, 75 L. Ed. 816), in which the Supreme Court held that “vehicle” is limited to vehicles running on land and that motor vehicle does not include an airplane. In the paragraph defining “value” which came from said section 417 of title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., words “In the event that a defendant is charged in the same indictment with two or more violations of sections 413–419 of this title, then” were omitted and the same meaning was preserved by the substitution of the words “a single” for the word “such.” Minor changes were made in phraseology.
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments2006—Pub. L. 109–177 inserted definition of “Vessel”. 2002—Pub. L. 107–273 substituted semicolon for period at end of third par. 1996—Pub. L. 104–294 substituted “Livestock” for “livestock” in third par. 1994—Pub. L. 103–322 inserted definition of “livestock”. 1984—Pub. L. 98–547 inserted “valid or blank motor vehicle title;” in definition of “Securities”. 1961—Pub. L. 87–371 inserted definition of “Tax stamp”.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 1996 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 104–294 effective Sept. 13, 1994, see section 604(d) of Pub. L. 104–294, set out as a note under section 13 of this title.
+
+Short Title of 2004 AmendmentPub. L. 108–482, title I, § 101, Dec. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 3912, provided that: “This title [amending section 2318 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 2318 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Anti-counterfeiting Amendments Act of 2004’.”
+
+Short Title of 1997 AmendmentPub. L. 105–147, § 1, Dec. 16, 1997, 111 Stat. 2678, provided that: “This Act [amending sections 2319 to 2320 of this title, sections 101, 506, and 507 of Title 17, Copyrights, and section 1498 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 994 of Title 28] may be cited as the ‘No Electronic Theft (NET) Act’.”
+
+Short Title of 1996 AmendmentPub. L. 104–153, § 1, July 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 1386, provided that: “This Act [amending sections 1961, 2318, and 2320 of this title, sections 1116 and 1117 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, section 603 of Title 17, Copyrights, sections 1431, 1484, and 1526 of Title 19, Customs Duties, and section 80302 of Title 49, Transportation, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 1431 of Title 19] may be cited as the ‘Anticounterfeiting Consumer Protection Act of 1996’.”
+
+Short Title of 1992 AmendmentPub. L. 102–519, § 1, Oct. 25, 1992, 106 Stat. 3384, provided that: “This Act [enacting sections 2119 and 2322 of this title, sections 2026a to 2026c and 2041 to 2044 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, sections 1646b and 1646c of Title 19, Customs Duties, and sections 3750a to 3750d of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, amending sections 553, 981, 982, 2312, and 2313 of this title, sections 2021 to 2023, 2025, 2027, and 2034 of Title 15, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 2119 of this title, sections 2026a, 2026b, and 2041 of Title 15, and section 1646b of Title 19] may be cited as the ‘Anti Car Theft Act of 1992’.”
+
+Short Title of 1984 AmendmentsPub. L. 98–547, § 1(a), Oct. 25, 1984, 98 Stat. 2754, provided that: “This Act [enacting sections 511, 512, 553, and 2320 [now 2321] of this title, sections 2021 to 2034 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, and section 1627 of Title 19, Customs Duties, amending this section, sections 1961 and 2313 of this title, and section 1901 of Title 15, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 2021 of Title 15] may be cited as the ‘Motor Vehicle Theft Law Enforcement Act of 1984’.” Pub. L. 98–473, title II, § 1501, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2178, provided that: “This chapter [chapter XV (§§ 1501–1503) of title II of Pub. L. 98–473, enacting section 2320 of this title and amending sections 1116, 1117, and 1118 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade] may be cited as the ‘Trademark Counterfeiting Act of 1984’.”
+
+Short Title of 1982 AmendmentPub. L. 97–180, § 1, May 24, 1982, 96 Stat. 91, provided: “That this Act [enacting section 2319 of this title and amending section 2318 of this title and section 506 of Title 17, Copyrights] may be cited as the ‘Piracy and Counterfeiting Amendments Act of 1982’.”
+
+Counterfeiting of Trademarked and Copyrighted Merchandise; Congressional Statement of FindingsPub. L. 104–153, § 2, July 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 1386, provided that: “The counterfeiting of trademarked and copyrighted merchandise— “(1) has been connected with organized crime; “(2) deprives legitimate trademark and copyright owners of substantial revenues and consumer goodwill; “(3) poses health and safety threats to United States consumers; “(4) eliminates United States jobs; and “(5) is a multibillion-dollar drain on the United States economy.”
+
+Congressional Declaration of Purpose of 1984 AmendmentPub. L. 98–547, § 2, Oct. 25, 1984, 98 Stat. 2754, provided that: “It is the purpose of this Act [see Short Title of 1984 Amendments note above]— “(1) to provide for the identification of certain motor vehicles and their major replacement parts to impede motor vehicle theft; “(2) to augment the Federal criminal penalties imposed upon persons trafficking in stolen motor vehicles; “(3) to encourage decreases in premiums charged consumers for motor vehicle theft insurance; and “(4) to reduce opportunities for exporting or importing stolen motor vehicles and off-highway mobile equipment.”

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-113/section-2312.md

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+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 2312"
+description: "Transportation of stolen vehicles"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "113"
+chapter_name: "STOLEN PROPERTY"
+section: "2312"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 2312"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s2312"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "e790f0070efbcfd19a44150335ff3995184a9e2973965a121f75b784b848ca08"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 2312 - Transportation of stolen vehicles
+
+## Text
+
+Whoever transports in interstate or foreign commerce a motor vehicle, vessel, or aircraft, knowing the same to have been stolen, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 10 years, or both.
+
+(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 806; Pub. L. 102–519, title I, § 103, Oct. 25, 1992, 106 Stat. 3385; Pub. L. 109–177, title III, § 307(b)(2)(A), Mar. 9, 2006, 120 Stat. 240.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision NotesBased on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 408 (Oct. 29, 1919, ch. 89, §§ 1, 3, 5, 41 Stat. 324, 325; Sept. 24, 1945, ch. 383, §§ 2, 3, 59 Stat. 536). The first sentence of said section 408, providing the short title “An Act to punish the transportation of stolen motor vehicles or aircraft in interstate or foreign commerce,” and derived from section 1 of said act of October 29, 1919, as amended, was omitted as not appropriate in a revision. Definitions of “aircraft,” “motor vehicle,” and “interstate or foreign commerce,” which constituted the second sentence of said section 408 of title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., and were derived from section 2 of said act of October 29, 1919, as amended, are incorporated in sections 10 and 2311 of this title. Provision relating to receiving or selling stolen aircraft or motor vehicles, which was derived from section 4 of the act of October 29, 1919, as amended, is incorporated in section 2313 of this title. Venue provision, which was derived from section 5 of the act of October 29, 1919, was omitted as unnecessary, being covered by section 3237 of this title. Reference to persons causing or procuring was omitted as unnecessary in view of definition of “principal” in section 2 of this title. Minor changes were made in phraseology.
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments2006—Pub. L. 109–177 substituted “motor vehicle, vessel, or aircraft” for “motor vehicle or aircraft”. 1992—Pub. L. 102–519 substituted “fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 10 years” for “fined not more than $5,000 or imprisoned not more than five years”.

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-113/section-2313.md

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+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 2313"
+description: "Sale or receipt of stolen vehicles"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "113"
+chapter_name: "STOLEN PROPERTY"
+section: "2313"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 2313"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s2313"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "3c39b26440a2f3c68418659f015564e6eac87d44a80116aa4cc939f722feca09"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 2313 - Sale or receipt of stolen vehicles
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Whoever receives, possesses, conceals, stores, barters, sells, or disposes of any motor vehicle, vessel, or aircraft, which has crossed a State or United States boundary after being stolen, knowing the same to have been stolen, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 10 years, or both.
+
+(b) For purposes of this section, the term “State” includes a State of the United States, the District of Columbia, and any commonwealth, territory, or possession of the United States.
+
+(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 806; Pub. L. 98–547, title II, § 203, Oct. 25, 1984, 98 Stat. 2770; Pub. L. 101–647, title XII, § 1205(l), Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4831; Pub. L. 102–519, title I, § 103, Oct. 25, 1992, 106 Stat. 3385; Pub. L. 109–177, title III, § 307(b)(2)(B), Mar. 9, 2006, 120 Stat. 240.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision NotesBased on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 408 (Oct. 29, 1919, ch. 89, § 4, 41 Stat. 325; Sept. 24, 1945, ch. 383, §§ 2, 3, 59 Stat. 536). Section constitutes the fourth sentence of said section 408 of title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed. Definitions of “aircraft,” “motor vehicle,” and “interstate or foreign commerce,” which constituted the second sentence of said section 408, are incorporated in sections 10 and 2311 of this title. The third sentence of said section 408, relating to transporting stolen aircraft or motor vehicles, is incorporated in section 2312 of this title. The first sentence of said section 408, providing the short title, and the fifth sentence thereof, relating to venue, were omitted. (See reviser’s note under section 2312 of this title.) Minor changes were made in phraseology.
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments2006—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–177 substituted “motor vehicle, vessel, or aircraft” for “motor vehicle or aircraft”. 1992—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–519 substituted “fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 10 years” for “fined not more than $5,000 or imprisoned not more than five years”. 1990—Pub. L. 101–647 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsec. (b). 1984—Pub. L. 98–547 inserted “possesses,” after “receives,” and substituted “which has crossed a State or United States boundary after being stolen,” for “moving as, or which is a part of, or which constitutes interstate or foreign commerce,”.

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-113/section-2314.md

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 2314"
+description: "Transportation of stolen goods, securities, moneys, fraudulent State tax stamps, or articles used in counterfeiting"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "113"
+chapter_name: "STOLEN PROPERTY"
+section: "2314"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 2314"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s2314"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "b1832ff146d4305ed15ec0cbb52716c939080a72a90d70b70fff2ea67acb67ca"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "5dbe669cad996c2b4c4c5acc0e235b92efbac302b74cd671d78a452eb5c1b7f7"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 2314 - Transportation of stolen goods, securities, moneys, fraudulent State tax stamps, or articles used in counterfeiting
+
+## Text
+
+Whoever transports, transmits, or transfers in interstate or foreign commerce any goods, wares, merchandise, securities or money, of the value of $5,000 or more, knowing the same to have been stolen, converted or taken by fraud; or Whoever, having devised or intending to devise any scheme or artifice to defraud, or for obtaining money or property by means of false or fraudulent pretenses, representations, or promises, transports or causes to be transported, or induces any person or persons to travel in, or to be transported in interstate or foreign commerce in the execution or concealment of a scheme or artifice to defraud that person or those persons of money or property having a value of $5,000 or more; or Whoever, with unlawful or fraudulent intent, transports in interstate or foreign commerce any falsely made, forged, altered, or counterfeited securities or tax stamps, knowing the same to have been falsely made, forged, altered, or counterfeited; or Whoever, with unlawful or fraudulent intent, transports in interstate or foreign commerce any traveler’s check bearing a forged countersignature; or Whoever, with unlawful or fraudulent intent, transports in interstate or foreign commerce, any tool, implement, or thing used or fitted to be used in falsely making, forging, altering, or counterfeiting any security or tax stamps, or any part thereof; or Whoever transports, transmits, or transfers in interstate or foreign commerce any veterans’ memorial object, knowing the same to have been stolen, converted or taken by fraud— Shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both. If the offense involves a pre-retail medical product (as defined in section 670) the punishment for the offense shall be the same as the punishment for an offense under section 670 unless the punishment under this section is greater. If the offense involves the transportation, transmission, or transfer in interstate or foreign commerce of veterans’ memorial objects with a value, in the aggregate, of less than $1,000, the defendant shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than one year, or both. This section shall not apply to any falsely made, forged, altered, counterfeited or spurious representation of an obligation or other security of the United States, or of an obligation, bond, certificate, security, treasury note, bill, promise to pay or bank note issued by any foreign government. This section also shall not apply to any falsely made, forged, altered, counterfeited, or spurious representation of any bank note or bill issued by a bank or corporation of any foreign country which is intended by the laws or usage of such country to circulate as money. For purposes of this section the term “veterans’ memorial object” means a grave marker, headstone, monument, or other object, intended to permanently honor a veteran or mark a veteran’s grave, or any monument that signifies an event of national military historical significance.
+
+(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 806; May 24, 1949, ch. 139, § 45, 63 Stat. 96; July 9, 1956, ch. 519, 70 Stat. 507; Pub. L. 87–371, § 2, Oct. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 802; Pub. L. 90–535, Sept. 28, 1968, 82 Stat. 885; Pub. L. 100–690, title VII, §§ 7057, 7080, Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4402, 4406; Pub. L. 101–647, title XII, § 1208, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4832; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(K), (L), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147; Pub. L. 112–186, § 4(d)(1), Oct. 5, 2012, 126 Stat. 1429; Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title X, § 1084(a), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1963.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision Notes
+
+1948 ActBased on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §§ 413, 415, 418, 418a, 419 (May 22, 1934, ch. 333, §§ 1, 3, 6, 48 Stat. 794, 795; May 22, 1934, ch. 333, § 7, as added Aug. 3, 1939, ch. 413, § 5, 53 Stat. 1179; May 22, 1934, ch. 333, § 7, renumbered § 8 by Aug. 3, 1939, ch. 413, § 6, 53 Stat. 1179; Aug. 3, 1939, ch. 413, §§ 1, 4, 5, 53 Stat. 1178, 1179). Section consolidates sections 413, 415, 417, 418, 418a, and 419 of title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed. Words “or with intent to steal or purloin, knowing the same to have been so stolen, converted, or taken” were omitted as surplusage, since property so “taken” is “stolen,” and insertion of word “knowingly” after “Whoever” at beginning of section renders such omission possible. Reference to persons causing or procuring was omitted as unnecessary in view of definition of “principal” in section 2 of this title. Section 413 of title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., providing the short title “National Stolen Property Act,” was omitted as not appropriate in a revision. Section 414 of title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., containing definitions of “interstate or foreign commerce,” “securities,” and “money,” is incorporated in sections 10 and 2311 of this title. Section 417 of title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., relating to indictments and determination of “value” of goods, wares, merchandise, securities, and money referred to in indictments, is also incorporated in section 2311 of this title. Section 418 of title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., relating to venue, was omitted as completely covered by section 3237 of this title. Section 418a of title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., relating to conspiracy, was omitted as covered by section 371 of this title, the general conspiracy section. Section 419 of title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., providing that nothing contained in the National Stolen Property Act should be construed to repeal, modify, or amend any part of the National Motor Vehicle Theft Act, was omitted as unnecessary, in view of this revision and reenactment of the provisions of the latter act (sections 10, 2311–2313 of this title). Changes were made in phraseology and arrangement.
+
+1949 ActThis amendment [see section 45] restates and clarifies the first paragraph of section 2314 of title 18, U.S.C., to conform to the original law upon which the section is based.
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments2013—Pub. L. 112–239, § 1084(a)(4), inserted par. at end defining “veterans’ memorial object”. Pub. L. 112–239, § 1084(a)(3), inserted at end of seventh par. “If the offense involves the transportation, transmission, or transfer in interstate or foreign commerce of veterans’ memorial objects with a value, in the aggregate, of less than $1,000, the defendant shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than one year, or both.” Pub. L. 112–239, § 1084(a)(1), (2), inserted sixth par. relating to veterans’ memorial objects. 2012—Pub. L. 112–186 inserted at end of sixth par. “If the offense involves a pre-retail medical product (as defined in section 670) the punishment for the offense shall be the same as the punishment for an offense under section 670 unless the punishment under this section is greater.” 1994—Pub. L. 103–322, § 330016(1)(L), substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $10,000” in sixth par. Pub. L. 103–322, § 330016(1)(K), which directed the amendment of this section by striking “not more than $5,000” and inserting “under this title”, could not be executed because the phrase “not more than $5,000” did not appear in text. 1990—Pub. L. 101–647 inserted “or foreign” after “interstate” in second par. 1988—Pub. L. 100–690, § 7057(a), substituted “transports, transmits, or transfers” for “transports” in first par. Pub. L. 100–690, § 7080, inserted “or persons” after “any person” and “or those persons” after “that person” in second par. Pub. L. 100–690, § 7057(b), struck out “or by a bank or corporation of any foreign country” after “foreign government” in last par. and inserted at end “This section also shall not apply to any falsely made, forged, altered, counterfeited, or spurious representation of any bank note or bill issued by a bank or corporation of any foreign country which is intended by the laws or usage of such country to circulate as money.” 1968—Pub. L. 90–535 prohibited transportation with unlawful or fraudulent intent in interstate or foreign commerce of traveler’s checks bearing forged countersignatures. 1961—Pub. L. 87–371 inserted “or tax stamps” after “securities” in third par. and after “security” in fourth par., and “fraudulent State tax stamps,” in section catchline. 1956—Act July 9, 1956, inserted par. relating to interstate transportation of persons in schemes to defraud. 1949—Act May 24, 1949, substituted “knowing the same to have been stolen, converted or taken by fraud” for “theretofore stolen, converted, or taken by fraud” in first par.

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-113/section-2315.md

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 2315"
+description: "Sale or receipt of stolen goods, securities, moneys, or fraudulent State tax stamps"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "113"
+chapter_name: "STOLEN PROPERTY"
+section: "2315"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 2315"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s2315"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "8ee0266ac340c0256e9c037214dbb844b78e26585fc23c7ae92a9a7d98d64725"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "915e4d49c2e17e3c7d0a8f54229a3a2937c8a6baf66a2327a2cd609e30b5fdef"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 2315 - Sale or receipt of stolen goods, securities, moneys, or fraudulent State tax stamps
+
+## Text
+
+Whoever receives, possesses, conceals, stores, barters, sells, or disposes of any goods, wares, or merchandise, securities, or money of the value of $5,000 or more, or pledges or accepts as security for a loan any goods, wares, or merchandise, or securities, of the value of $500 or more, which have crossed a State or United States boundary after being stolen, unlawfully converted, or taken, knowing the same to have been stolen, unlawfully converted, or taken; or Whoever receives, possesses, conceals, stores, barters, sells, or disposes of any falsely made, forged, altered, or counterfeited securities or tax stamps, or pledges or accepts as security for a loan any falsely made, forged, altered, or counterfeited securities or tax stamps, moving as, or which are a part of, or which constitute interstate or foreign commerce, knowing the same to have been so falsely made, forged, altered, or counterfeited; or Whoever receives in interstate or foreign commerce, or conceals, stores, barters, sells, or disposes of, any tool, implement, or thing used or intended to be used in falsely making, forging, altering, or counterfeiting any security or tax stamp, or any part thereof, moving as, or which is a part of, or which constitutes interstate or foreign commerce, knowing that the same is fitted to be used, or has been used, in falsely making, forging, altering, or counterfeiting any security or tax stamp, or any part thereof; or ‘Whoever 11 So in original. The quotation mark probably should not appear. receives, possesses, conceals, stores, barters, sells, or disposes of any veterans’ memorial object which has crossed a State or United States boundary after being stolen, unlawfully converted, or taken, knowing the same to have been stolen, unlawfully converted, or taken—’ 1 Shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both. If the offense involves a pre-retail medical product (as defined in section 670) the punishment for the offense shall be the same as the punishment for an offense under section 670 unless the punishment under this section is greater. If the offense involves the receipt, possession, concealment, storage, barter, sale, or disposal of veterans’ memorial objects with a value, in the aggregate, of less than $1,000, the defendant shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than one year, or both. This section shall not apply to any falsely made, forged, altered, counterfeited, or spurious representation of an obligation or other security of the United States or of an obligation, bond, certificate, security, treasury note, bill, promise to pay, or bank note, issued by any foreign government. This section also shall not apply to any falsely made, forged, altered, counterfeited, or spurious representation of any bank note or bill issued by a bank or corporation of any foreign country which is intended by the laws or usage of such country to circulate as money. For purposes of this section, the term “State” includes a State of the United States, the District of Columbia, and any commonwealth, territory, or possession of the United States. For purposes of this section the term “veterans’ memorial object” means a grave marker, headstone, monument, or other object, intended to permanently honor a veteran or mark a veteran’s grave, or any monument that signifies an event of national military historical significance.
+
+(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 806; Pub. L. 87–371, § 3, Oct. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 802; Pub. L. 99–646, § 76, Nov. 10, 1986, 100 Stat. 3618; Pub. L. 100–690, title VII, §§ 7048, 7057(b), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4401, 4402; Pub. L. 101–647, title XII, § 1205(m), Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4831; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(L), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147; Pub. L. 112–186, § 4(d)(2), Oct. 5, 2012, 126 Stat. 1429; Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title X, § 1084(b), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1963.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision NotesBased on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 416 (May 22, 1934, ch. 333, § 4, 48 Stat. 795; Aug. 3, 1939, ch. 413, § 2, 53 Stat. 1178). (See reviser’s notes under sections 10, 2311 and 2314 of this title for explanation of consolidation or omission of other sections of title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., which were derived from the National Stolen Property Act.) Minor changes were made in phraseology.
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments2013—Pub. L. 112–239, § 1084(b)(4), inserted at end “For purposes of this section the term ‘veterans’ memorial object’ means a grave marker, headstone, monument, or other object, intended to permanently honor a veteran or mark a veteran’s grave, or any monument that signifies an event of national military historical significance.” Pub. L. 112–239, § 1084(b)(3), inserted at end of fifth par. “If the offense involves the receipt, possession, concealment, storage, barter, sale, or disposal of veterans’ memorial objects with a value, in the aggregate, of less than $1,000, the defendant shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than one year, or both.” Pub. L. 112–239, § 1084(b)(1), (2), inserted fourth par. relating to veterans’ memorial objects. 2012—Pub. L. 112–186 inserted at end of fourth par. “If the offense involves a pre-retail medical product (as defined in section 670) the punishment for the offense shall be the same as the punishment for an offense under section 670 unless the punishment under this section is greater.” 1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $10,000” in fourth par. 1990—Pub. L. 101–647 inserted par. at end defining “State”. 1988—Pub. L. 100–690, § 7048, substituted “moving as, or which are a part of, or which constitute interstate or foreign commerce” for “which have crossed a State or United States boundary after being stolen, unlawfully converted, or taken” in second par. Pub. L. 100–690, § 7057(b), struck out “or by a bank or corporation of any foreign country” after “foreign government” in last par. and inserted at end “This section also shall not apply to any falsely made, forged, altered, counterfeited, or spurious representation of any bank note or bill issued by a bank or corporation of any foreign country which is intended by the laws or usage of such country to circulate as money.” 1986—Pub. L. 99–646 substituted “receives, possesses, conceals” for “receives, conceals” and “which have crossed a State or United States boundary after being stolen, unlawfully converted, or taken” for “moving as, or which are part of, or which constitute interstate or foreign commerce” in first and second pars. 1961—Pub. L. 87–371 inserted “or tax stamps” after “securities”, wherever appearing, in second par., and “or tax stamp” after “security”, wherever appearing, in third par., and substituted “moneys, or fraudulent State tax stamps” for “or monies” in section catchline.

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-113/section-2316.md

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 2316"
+description: "Transportation of livestock"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "113"
+chapter_name: "STOLEN PROPERTY"
+section: "2316"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 2316"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s2316"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "2dfe32ed34d871636761edd81ec6d34a8e6a4ddf1038bb694773d5e5ae142774"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "f155dc46f41f640b14dd7f54adb10a78bc838849fa3e4790fdcf04d8c58d68d1"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 2316 - Transportation of livestock
+
+## Text
+
+Whoever transports in interstate or foreign commerce any livestock, knowing the same to have been stolen, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.
+
+(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 807; Pub. L. 98–473, title II, § 1113, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2149; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision NotesBased on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §§ 419b, 419d (Aug. 18, 1941, ch. 366, §§ 3, 5, 55 Stat. 631). This section consolidates sections 419b and 419d of title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed. Definition of “cattle”, contained in section 419a(a) of title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., is incorporated in section 2311 of this title. Definition of “interstate or foreign commerce”, constituting section 419a(b) of title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., is incorporated in section 10 of this title. The venue provision of said section 419d of title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., was omitted as completely covered by section 3237 of this title. Reference to persons causing or procuring was omitted as unnecessary in view of definition of “principal” in section 2 of this title. Minor changes were made in phraseology.
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $5,000”. 1984—Pub. L. 98–473 substituted “livestock” for “cattle” in section catchline and text.

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-113/section-2317.md

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 2317"
+description: "Sale or receipt of livestock"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "113"
+chapter_name: "STOLEN PROPERTY"
+section: "2317"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 2317"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s2317"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "88853144c1c6c964296977e1b1a60f89879c4b1b051f3ebaca91fe7315a78730"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "0b38a2c90cfa50591af0a5ceb2d83aa101cbd3d59f6ff706c96f7145d63ccd23"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 2317 - Sale or receipt of livestock
+
+## Text
+
+Whoever receives, conceals, stores, barters, buys, sells, or disposes of any livestock, moving in or constituting a part of interstate or foreign commerce, knowing the same to have been stolen, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.
+
+(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 807; Pub. L. 98–473, title II, § 1114, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2149; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision NotesBased on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §§ 419c, 419d (Aug. 18, 1941, ch. 366, §§ 4, 5, 55 Stat. 632). Definitions of “cattle” and “interstate or foreign commerce”, contained in section 419a of title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., are incorporated in sections 10 and 2311 of this title. Venue provision of said section 419d of title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., was omitted as completely covered by section 3237 of this title. Minor changes were made in phraseology.
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $5,000”. 1984—Pub. L. 98–473 substituted “livestock” for “cattle” in section catchline and text.

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-113/section-2319.md

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 2319"
+description: "Criminal infringement of a copyright"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "113"
+chapter_name: "STOLEN PROPERTY"
+section: "2319"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 2319"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s2319"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "50087f30bb1770efda1220e3d489effedb3b1ab23ff0a6a915573994241f2c3a"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "f795e4a561957f9eecdce051770d6d5f71652d0f4a991ef123a950d4a5e317cd"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 2319 - Criminal infringement of a copyright
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Any person who violates section 506(a) (relating to criminal offenses) of title 17 shall be punished as provided in subsections (b), (c), and (d) and such penalties shall be in addition to any other provisions of title 17 or any other law.
+
+(b) Any person who commits an offense under section 506(a)(1)(A) of title 17—
+
+(1) shall be imprisoned not more than 5 years, or fined in the amount set forth in this title, or both, if the offense consists of the reproduction or distribution, including by electronic means, during any 180-day period, of at least 10 copies or phonorecords, of 1 or more copyrighted works, which have a total retail value of more than $2,500;
+
+(2) shall be imprisoned not more than 10 years, or fined in the amount set forth in this title, or both, if the offense is a felony and is a second or subsequent offense under subsection (a); and
+
+(3) shall be imprisoned not more than 1 year, or fined in the amount set forth in this title, or both, in any other case.
+
+(c) Any person who commits an offense under section 506(a)(1)(B) of title 17—
+
+(1) shall be imprisoned not more than 3 years, or fined in the amount set forth in this title, or both, if the offense consists of the reproduction or distribution of 10 or more copies or phonorecords of 1 or more copyrighted works, which have a total retail value of $2,500 or more;
+
+(2) shall be imprisoned not more than 6 years, or fined in the amount set forth in this title, or both, if the offense is a felony and is a second or subsequent offense under subsection (a); and
+
+(3) shall be imprisoned not more than 1 year, or fined in the amount set forth in this title, or both, if the offense consists of the reproduction or distribution of 1 or more copies or phonorecords of 1 or more copyrighted works, which have a total retail value of more than $1,000.
+
+(d) Any person who commits an offense under section 506(a)(1)(C) of title 17—
+
+(1) shall be imprisoned not more than 3 years, fined under this title, or both;
+
+(2) shall be imprisoned not more than 5 years, fined under this title, or both, if the offense was committed for purposes of commercial advantage or private financial gain;
+
+(3) shall be imprisoned not more than 6 years, fined under this title, or both, if the offense is a felony and is a second or subsequent offense under subsection (a); and
+
+(4) shall be imprisoned not more than 10 years, fined under this title, or both, if the offense is a felony and is a second or subsequent offense under paragraph (2).
+
+(e) (1) During preparation of the presentence report pursuant to Rule 32(c) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, victims of the offense shall be permitted to submit, and the probation officer shall receive, a victim impact statement that identifies the victim of the offense and the extent and scope of the injury and loss suffered by the victim, including the estimated economic impact of the offense on that victim.
+
+(2) Persons permitted to submit victim impact statements shall include—
+
+(A) producers and sellers of legitimate works affected by conduct involved in the offense;
+
+(B) holders of intellectual property rights in such works; and
+
+(C) the legal representatives of such producers, sellers, and holders.
+
+(f) As used in this section—
+
+(1) the terms “phonorecord” and “copies” have, respectively, the meanings set forth in section 101 (relating to definitions) of title 17;
+
+(2) the terms “reproduction” and “distribution” refer to the exclusive rights of a copyright owner under clauses (1) and (3) respectively of section 106 (relating to exclusive rights in copyrighted works), as limited by sections 107 through 122, of title 17;
+
+(3) the term “financial gain” has the meaning given the term in section 101 of title 17; and
+
+(4) the term “work being prepared for commercial distribution” has the meaning given the term in section 506(a) of title 17.
+
+(Added Pub. L. 97–180, § 3, May 24, 1982, 96 Stat. 92; amended Pub. L. 102–561, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4233; Pub. L. 105–80, § 12(b)(2), Nov. 13, 1997, 111 Stat. 1536; Pub. L. 105–147, § 2(d), Dec. 16, 1997, 111 Stat. 2678; Pub. L. 107–273, div. C, title III, § 13211(a), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1910; Pub. L. 109–9, title I, § 103(b), Apr. 27, 2005, 119 Stat. 220; Pub. L. 110–403, title II, § 208, Oct. 13, 2008, 122 Stat. 4263.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThe Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, referred to in subsec. (e)(1), are set out in the Appendix to this title.
+
+Amendments2008—Subsecs. (b)(2), (c)(2). Pub. L. 110–403, § 208(1), (2), inserted “is a felony and” after “the offense” and substituted “subsection (a)” for “paragraph (1)”. Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 110–403, § 208(3), inserted “is a felony and” after “the offense” and “under subsection (a)” before the semicolon. Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 110–403, § 208(4), inserted “is a felony and” after “the offense”. 2005—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–9, § 103(b)(1), substituted “Any person who” for “Whoever” and “, (c), and (d)” for “and (c) of this section”. Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–9, § 103(b)(2), substituted “section 506(a)(1)(A)” for “section 506(a)(1)” in introductory provisions. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–9, § 103(b)(3), substituted “section 506(a)(1)(B) of title 17” for “section 506(a)(2) of title 17, United States Code” in introductory provisions. Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 109–9, § 103(b)(4), (5), added subsec. (d) and redesignated former subsec. (d) as (e). Former subsec. (e) redesignated (f). Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 109–9, § 103(b)(4), (6), redesignated subsec. (e) as (f) and added pars. (3) and (4). 2002—Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 107–273 substituted “107 through 122” for “107 through 120”. 1997—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–147, § 2(d)(1), substituted “subsections (b) and (c)” for “subsection (b)”. Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–147, § 2(d)(2)(A), substituted “section 506(a)(1) of title 17” for “subsection (a) of this section” in introductory provisions. Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 105–147, § 2(d)(2)(B), inserted “including by electronic means,” after “if the offense consists of the reproduction or distribution,” and substituted “which have a total retail value of more than $2,500” for “with a retail value of more than $2,500”. Pub. L. 105–80, substituted “at least 10 copies” for “at last 10 copies”. Subsecs. (c) to (e). Pub. L. 105–147, § 2(d)(3), added subsecs. (c) and (d) and redesignated former subsec. (c) as (e). 1992—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–561, § 1, amended subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (b) read as follows: “Any person who commits an offense under subsection (a) of this section— “(1) shall be fined not more than $250,000 or imprisoned for not more than five years, or both, if the offense— “(A) involves the reproduction or distribution, during any one-hundred-and-eighty-day period, of at least one thousand phonorecords or copies infringing the copyright in one or more sound recordings; “(B) involves the reproduction or distribution, during any one-hundred-and-eighty-day period, of at least sixty-five copies infringing the copyright in one or more motion pictures or other audiovisual works; or “(C) is a second or subsequent offense under either of subsection (b)(1) or (b)(2) of this section, where a prior offense involved a sound recording, or a motion picture or other audiovisual work; “(2) shall be fined not more than $250,000 or imprisoned for not more than two years, or both, if the offense— “(A) involves the reproduction or distribution, during any one-hundred-and-eighty-day period, of more than one hundred but less than one thousand phonorecords or copies infringing the copyright in one or more sound recordings; or “(B) involves the reproduction or distribution, during any one-hundred-and-eighty-day period, of more than seven but less than sixty-five copies infringing the copyright in one or more motion pictures or other audiovisual works; and “(3) shall be fined not more than $25,000 or imprisoned for not more than one year, or both, in any other case.” Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102–561, § 2, substituted “ ‘phonorecord’ ” for “ ‘sound recording’, ‘motion picture’, ‘audiovisual work’, ‘phonorecord’,” in par. (1) and “120” for “118” in par. (2).

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-113/section-2319a.md

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 2319A"
+description: "Unauthorized fixation of and trafficking in sound recordings and music videos of live musical performances"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "113"
+chapter_name: "STOLEN PROPERTY"
+section: "2319A"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 2319A"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s2319A"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "978c3cf32a875b1337cc58cdbdd950737de183564bdce07dbbab5d78043a4c16"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "a672c9f0e12773be6b73f560f193324e4caf49241bd7b59fb8929514b12078fa"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 2319A - Unauthorized fixation of and trafficking in sound recordings and music videos of live musical performances
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Offense.— Whoever, without the consent of the performer or performers involved, knowingly and for purposes of commercial advantage or private financial gain—
+
+(1) fixes the sounds or sounds and images of a live musical performance in a copy or phonorecord, or reproduces copies or phonorecords of such a performance from an unauthorized fixation;
+
+(2) transmits or otherwise communicates to the public the sounds or sounds and images of a live musical performance; or
+
+(3) distributes or offers to distribute, sells or offers to sell, rents or offers to rent, or traffics in any copy or phonorecord fixed as described in paragraph (1), regardless of whether the fixations occurred in the United States;
+
+shall be imprisoned for not more than 5 years or fined in the amount set forth in this title, or both, or if the offense is a second or subsequent offense, shall be imprisoned for not more than 10 years or fined in the amount set forth in this title, or both.
+
+(b) Forfeiture and Destruction of Property; Restitution.— Forfeiture, destruction, and restitution relating to this section shall be subject to section 2323, to the extent provided in that section, in addition to any other similar remedies provided by law.
+
+(c) Seizure and Forfeiture.— If copies or phonorecords of sounds or sounds and images of a live musical performance are fixed outside of the United States without the consent of the performer or performers involved, such copies or phonorecords are subject to seizure and forfeiture in the United States in the same manner as property imported in violation of the customs laws. The Secretary of Homeland Security shall issue regulations by which any performer may, upon payment of a specified fee, be entitled to notification by United States Customs and Border Protection of the importation of copies or phonorecords that appear to consist of unauthorized fixations of the sounds or sounds and images of a live musical performance.
+
+(d) Victim Impact Statement.— (1) During preparation of the presentence report pursuant to Rule 32(c) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, victims of the offense shall be permitted to submit, and the probation officer shall receive, a victim impact statement that identifies the victim of the offense and the extent and scope of the injury and loss suffered by the victim, including the estimated economic impact of the offense on that victim.
+
+(2) Persons permitted to submit victim impact statements shall include—
+
+(A) producers and sellers of legitimate works affected by conduct involved in the offense;
+
+(B) holders of intellectual property rights in such works; and
+
+(C) the legal representatives of such producers, sellers, and holders.
+
+(e) Definitions.— As used in this section—
+
+(1) the terms “copy”, “fixed”, “musical work”, “phonorecord”, “reproduce”, “sound recordings”, and “transmit” mean those terms within the meaning of title 17; and
+
+(2) the term “traffic” has the same meaning as in section 2320(e) 11 See References in Text note below. of this title.
+
+(f) Applicability.— This section shall apply to any Act or Acts that occur on or after the date of the enactment of the Uruguay Round Agreements Act.
+
+(Added Pub. L. 103–465, title V, § 513(a), Dec. 8, 1994, 108 Stat. 4974; amended Pub. L. 105–147, § 2(e), Dec. 16, 1997, 111 Stat. 2679; Pub. L. 109–181, § 2(c)(1), Mar. 16, 2006, 120 Stat. 288; Pub. L. 110–403, title II, § 203, Oct. 13, 2008, 122 Stat. 4261.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThe Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, referred to in subsec. (d)(1), are set out in the Appendix to this title. Section 2320 of this title, referred to in subsec. (e)(2), was amended generally by Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VIII, § 818(h), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1497, and, as so amended, provisions similar to those formerly appearing in subsec. (e) are now contained in subsec. (f). The date of the enactment of the Uruguay Round Agreements Act, referred to in subsec. (f), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 103–465, which was approved Dec. 8, 1994.
+
+Amendments2008—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 110–403, § 203(a), amended subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “When a person is convicted of a violation of subsection (a), the court shall order the forfeiture and destruction of any copies or phonorecords created in violation thereof, as well as any plates, molds, matrices, masters, tapes, and film negatives by means of which such copies or phonorecords may be made. The court may also, in its discretion, order the forfeiture and destruction of any other equipment by means of which such copies or phonorecords may be reproduced, taking into account the nature, scope, and proportionality of the use of the equipment in the offense.” Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 110–403, § 203(b), substituted “The Secretary of Homeland Security shall issue regulations by which any performer may, upon payment of a specified fee, be entitled to notification by United States Customs and Border Protection of the importation of copies or phonorecords that appear to consist of unauthorized fixations of the sounds or sounds and images of a live musical performance.” for “The Secretary of the Treasury shall, not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of the Uruguay Round Agreements Act, issue regulations to carry out this subsection, including regulations by which any performer may, upon payment of a specified fee, be entitled to notification by the United States Customs Service of the importation of copies or phonorecords that appear to consist of unauthorized fixations of the sounds or sounds and images of a live musical performance.” 2006—Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 109–181 added par. (2) and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: “the term ‘traffic in’ means transport, transfer, or otherwise dispose of, to another, as consideration for anything of value, or make or obtain control of with intent to transport, transfer, or dispose of.” 1997—Subsecs. (d) to (f). Pub. L. 105–147 added subsec. (d) and redesignated former subsecs. (d) and (e) as (e) and (f), respectively.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Transfer of Functions For transfer of functions, personnel, assets, and liabilities of the United States Customs Service of the Department of the Treasury, including functions of the Secretary of the Treasury relating thereto, to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 203(1), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6. For establishment of U.S. Customs and Border Protection in the Department of Homeland Security, treated as if included in Pub. L. 107–296 as of Nov. 25, 2002, see section 211 of Title 6, as amended generally by Pub. L. 114–125, and section 802(b) of Pub. L. 114–125, set out as a note under section 211 of Title 6.

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-113/section-2319b.md

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 2319B"
+description: "Unauthorized recording of Motion pictures in a Motion picture exhibition facility"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "113"
+chapter_name: "STOLEN PROPERTY"
+section: "2319B"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 2319B"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s2319B"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "40044977d2b05ae94f566e039135e443e3a4590e0f080ea09d43d6632467017e"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "777d1e409c348604b70412dd020768269db71ad84841e4b734a2a35f026bcd13"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 2319B - Unauthorized recording of Motion pictures in a Motion picture exhibition facility
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Offense.— Any person who, without the authorization of the copyright owner, knowingly uses or attempts to use an audiovisual recording device to transmit or make a copy of a motion picture or other audiovisual work protected under title 17, or any part thereof, from a performance of such work in a motion picture exhibition facility, shall—
+
+(1) be imprisoned for not more than 3 years, fined under this title, or both; or
+
+(2) if the offense is a second or subsequent offense, be imprisoned for no more than 6 years, fined under this title, or both.
+
+The possession by a person of an audiovisual recording device in a motion picture exhibition facility may be considered as evidence in any proceeding to determine whether that person committed an offense under this subsection, but shall not, by itself, be sufficient to support a conviction of that person for such offense.
+
+(b) Forfeiture and Destruction of Property; Restitution.— Forfeiture, destruction, and restitution relating to this section shall be subject to section 2323, to the extent provided in that section, in addition to any other similar remedies provided by law.
+
+(c) Authorized Activities.— This section does not prevent any lawfully authorized investigative, protective, or intelligence activity by an officer, agent, or employee of the United States, a State, or a political subdivision of a State, or by a person acting under a contract with the United States, a State, or a political subdivision of a State.
+
+(d) Immunity for Theaters.— With reasonable cause, the owner or lessee of a motion picture exhibition facility where a motion picture or other audiovisual work is being exhibited, the authorized agent or employee of such owner or lessee, the licensor of the motion picture or other audiovisual work being exhibited, or the agent or employee of such licensor—
+
+(1) may detain, in a reasonable manner and for a reasonable time, any person suspected of a violation of this section with respect to that motion picture or audiovisual work for the purpose of questioning or summoning a law enforcement officer; and
+
+(2) shall not be held liable in any civil or criminal action arising out of a detention under paragraph (1).
+
+(e) Victim Impact Statement.— (1) In general.— During the preparation of the presentence report under rule 32(c) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, victims of an offense under this section shall be permitted to submit to the probation officer a victim impact statement that identifies the victim of the offense and the extent and scope of the injury and loss suffered by the victim, including the estimated economic impact of the offense on that victim.
+
+(2) Contents.— A victim impact statement submitted under this subsection shall include—
+
+(A) producers and sellers of legitimate works affected by conduct involved in the offense;
+
+(B) holders of intellectual property rights in the works described in subparagraph (A); and
+
+(C) the legal representatives of such producers, sellers, and holders.
+
+(f) State Law Not Preempted.— Nothing in this section may be construed to annul or limit any rights or remedies under the laws of any State.
+
+(g) Definitions.— In this section, the following definitions shall apply:
+
+(1) Title 17 definitions.— The terms “audiovisual work”, “copy”, “copyright owner”, “motion picture”, “motion picture exhibition facility”, and “transmit” have, respectively, the meanings given those terms in section 101 of title 17.
+
+(2) Audiovisual recording device.— The term “audiovisual recording device” means a digital or analog photographic or video camera, or any other technology or device capable of enabling the recording or transmission of a copyrighted motion picture or other audiovisual work, or any part thereof, regardless of whether audiovisual recording is the sole or primary purpose of the device.
+
+(Added Pub. L. 109–9, title I, § 102(a), Apr. 27, 2005, 119 Stat. 218; amended Pub. L. 110–403, title II, § 204, Oct. 13, 2008, 122 Stat. 4261.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThe Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, referred to in subsec. (e)(1), are set out in the Appendix to this title.
+
+Amendments2008—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 110–403 amended subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “When a person is convicted of a violation of subsection (a), the court in its judgment of conviction shall, in addition to any penalty provided, order the forfeiture and destruction or other disposition of all unauthorized copies of motion pictures or other audiovisual works protected under title 17, or parts thereof, and any audiovisual recording devices or other equipment used in connection with the offense.”

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-113/section-2319c.md

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 2319C"
+description: "Illicit digital transmission services"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "113"
+chapter_name: "STOLEN PROPERTY"
+section: "2319C"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 2319C"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s2319C"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "03c9bfff7a2c497c38ee52502bed83269a64db1675580f4684fc4b2ab48e69c2"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "d04f6d2bb900aae9a35723c910ee3a38317edc7d0827cc376cd38232dcc1fad4"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 2319C - Illicit digital transmission services
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Definitions.— In this section—
+
+(1) the terms “audiovisual work”, “computer program”, “copies”, “copyright owner”, “digital transmission”, “financial gain”, “motion picture”, “motion picture exhibition facility”, “perform”, “phonorecords”, “publicly” (with respect to performing a work), “sound recording”, and “transmit” have the meanings given those terms in section 101 of title 17;
+
+(2) the term “digital transmission service” means a service that has the primary purpose of publicly performing works by digital transmission;
+
+(3) the terms “publicly perform” and “public performance” refer to the exclusive rights of a copyright owner under paragraphs (4) and (6) of section 106 (relating to exclusive rights in copyrighted works) of title 17, as limited by sections 107 through 122 of title 17; and
+
+(4) the term “work being prepared for commercial public performance” means—
+
+(A) a computer program, a musical work, a motion picture or other audiovisual work, or a sound recording, if, at the time of unauthorized public performance—
+
+(i) the copyright owner has a reasonable expectation of commercial public performance; and
+
+(ii) the copies or phonorecords of the work have not been commercially publicly performed in the United States by or with the authorization of the copyright owner; or
+
+(B) a motion picture, if, at the time of unauthorized public performance, the motion picture—
+
+(i) (I) has been made available for viewing in a motion picture exhibition facility; and
+
+(II) has not been made available in copies for sale to the general public in the United States by or with the authorization of the copyright owner in a format intended to permit viewing outside a motion picture exhibition facility; or
+
+(ii) had not been commercially publicly performed in the United States by or with the authorization of the copyright owner more than 24 hours before the unauthorized public performance.
+
+(b) Prohibited Act.— It shall be unlawful for a person to willfully, and for purposes of commercial advantage or private financial gain, offer or provide to the public a digital transmission service that—
+
+(1) is primarily designed or provided for the purpose of publicly performing works protected under title 17 by means of a digital transmission without the authority of the copyright owner or the law;
+
+(2) has no commercially significant purpose or use other than to publicly perform works protected under title 17 by means of a digital transmission without the authority of the copyright owner or the law; or
+
+(3) is intentionally marketed by or at the direction of that person to promote its use in publicly performing works protected under title 17 by means of a digital transmission without the authority of the copyright owner or the law.
+
+(c) Penalties.— Any person who violates subsection (b) shall be, in addition to any penalties provided for under title 17 or any other law—
+
+(1) fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 3 years, or both;
+
+(2) fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both, if—
+
+(A) the offense was committed in connection with 1 or more works being prepared for commercial public performance; and
+
+(B) the person knew or should have known that the work was being prepared for commercial public performance; and
+
+(3) fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 10 years, or both, if the offense is a second or subsequent offense under this section or section 2319(a).
+
+(d) Rule of Construction.— Nothing in this section shall be construed to—
+
+(1) affect the interpretation of any other provision of civil copyright law, including the limitations of liability set forth in section 512 of title 17, or principles of secondary liability; or
+
+(2) prevent any Federal or State authority from enforcing cable theft or theft of service laws that are not subject to preemption under section 301 of title 17.
+
+(Added Pub. L. 116–260, div. Q, title II, § 211(a), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2175.)

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-113/section-2321.md

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 2321"
+description: "Trafficking in certain motor vehicles or motor vehicle parts"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "113"
+chapter_name: "STOLEN PROPERTY"
+section: "2321"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 2321"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s2321"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "52fea6add08306bee9b08498ba6e713231171043b5d70f1de2ba1e70ac5f0005"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "3e0b95e879c3a5798594e3b58386eabf051271be3cf2c5c9a4734242a9e6aac9"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 2321 - Trafficking in certain motor vehicles or motor vehicle parts
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Whoever buys, receives, possesses, or obtains control of, with intent to sell or otherwise dispose of, a motor vehicle or motor vehicle part, knowing that an identification number for such motor vehicle or part has been removed, obliterated, tampered with, or altered, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both.
+
+(b) Subsection (a) does not apply if the removal, obliteration, tampering, or alteration—
+
+(1) is caused by collision or fire; or
+
+(2) is not a violation of section 511 of this title.
+
+(c) As used in this section, the terms “identification number” and “motor vehicle” have the meaning given those terms in section 511 of this title.
+
+(Added Pub. L. 98–547, title II, § 204(a), Oct. 25, 1984, 98 Stat. 2770, § 2320; renumbered § 2321, Pub. L. 99–646, § 42(a), Nov. 10, 1986, 100 Stat. 3601; amended Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(N), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2148.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments1994—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $20,000”.

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-113/section-2322.md

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 2322"
+description: "Chop shops"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "113"
+chapter_name: "STOLEN PROPERTY"
+section: "2322"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 2322"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s2322"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "5c9d07633a9b15f90548be9dcb20c27b4db70f8d43435c636eaaf214c1d8e6f7"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "b0ee0b2c3a51f7e448a66fe6d2b58fac50c30c2e9f58817c299a6eb445a895db"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 2322 - Chop shops
+
+## Text
+
+(a) In General.— (1) Unlawful action.— Any person who knowingly owns, operates, maintains, or controls a chop shop or conducts operations in a chop shop shall be punished by a fine under this title or by imprisonment for not more than 15 years, or both. If a conviction of a person under this paragraph is for a violation committed after the first conviction of such person under this paragraph, the maximum punishment shall be doubled with respect to any fine and imprisonment.
+
+(2) Injunctions.— The Attorney General shall, as appropriate, in the case of any person who violates paragraph (1), commence a civil action for permanent or temporary injunction to restrain such violation.
+
+(b) Definition.— For purposes of this section, the term “chop shop” means any building, lot, facility, or other structure or premise where one or more persons engage in receiving, concealing, destroying, disassembling, dismantling, reassembling, or storing any passenger motor vehicle or passenger motor vehicle part which has been unlawfully obtained in order to alter, counterfeit, deface, destroy, disguise, falsify, forge, obliterate, or remove the identity, including the vehicle identification number or derivative thereof, of such vehicle or vehicle part and to distribute, sell, or dispose of such vehicle or vehicle part in interstate or foreign commerce.
+
+(Added Pub. L. 102–519, title I, § 105(a), Oct. 25, 1992, 106 Stat. 3385.)

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-113/section-2323.md

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 2323"
+description: "Forfeiture, destruction, and restitution"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "113"
+chapter_name: "STOLEN PROPERTY"
+section: "2323"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 2323"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s2323"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "91c515298aef975209c7f6a25f09b758f13334cefcda204e5a1481d31a8f9f69"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "a4c3919bbec49c8ccac8b6c8917fa8ac9fc45071b5fd441925333a35fa73dcd8"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 2323 - Forfeiture, destruction, and restitution
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Civil Forfeiture.— (1) Property subject to forfeiture.— The following property is subject to forfeiture to the United States Government:
+
+(A) Any article, the making or trafficking of which is, prohibited under section 506 of title 17, or section 2318, 2319, 2319A, 2319B, or 2320, or chapter 90, of this title.
+
+(B) Any property used, or intended to be used, in any manner or part to commit or facilitate the commission of an offense referred to in subparagraph (A).
+
+(C) Any property constituting or derived from any proceeds obtained directly or indirectly as a result of the commission of an offense referred to in subparagraph (A).
+
+(2) Procedures.— The provisions of chapter 46 relating to civil forfeitures shall extend to any seizure or civil forfeiture under this section. For seizures made under this section, the court shall enter an appropriate protective order with respect to discovery and use of any records or information that has been seized. The protective order shall provide for appropriate procedures to ensure that confidential, private, proprietary, or privileged information contained in such records is not improperly disclosed or used. At the conclusion of the forfeiture proceedings, unless otherwise requested by an agency of the United States, the court shall order that any property forfeited under paragraph (1) be destroyed, or otherwise disposed of according to law.
+
+(b) Criminal Forfeiture.— (1) Property subject to forfeiture.— The court, in imposing sentence on a person convicted of an offense under section 506 of title 17, or section 2318, 2319, 2319A, 2319B, or 2320, or chapter 90, of this title, shall order, in addition to any other sentence imposed, that the person forfeit to the United States Government any property subject to forfeiture under subsection (a) for that offense.
+
+(2) Procedures.— (A) In general.— The forfeiture of property under paragraph (1), including any seizure and disposition of the property and any related judicial or administrative proceeding, shall be governed by the procedures set forth in section 413 of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 (21 U.S.C. 853), other than subsection (d) of that section.
+
+(B) Destruction.— At the conclusion of the forfeiture proceedings, the court, unless otherwise requested by an agency of the United States shall order that any—
+
+(i) forfeited article or component of an article bearing or consisting of a counterfeit mark be destroyed or otherwise disposed of according to law; and
+
+(ii) infringing items or other property described in subsection (a)(1)(A) and forfeited under paragraph (1) of this subsection be destroyed or otherwise disposed of according to law.
+
+(c) Restitution.— When a person is convicted of an offense under section 506 of title 17 or section 2318, 2319, 2319A, 2319B, or 2320, or chapter 90, of this title, the court, pursuant to sections 3556, 3663A, and 3664 of this title, shall order the person to pay restitution to any victim of the offense as an offense against property referred to in section 3663A(c)(1)(A)(ii) of this title.
+
+(Added Pub. L. 110–403, title II, § 206(a), Oct. 13, 2008, 122 Stat. 4262.)