Legal corpus: the complete U.S. Code (59,740 sections, all 53 titles)

Ingested titles 12–51 and 54 from OLRC USLM XML @119-100 (the whole Code now, uniform edition; Title 53 is reserved/empty). LegalText 11,221 -> 59,740; repo total 105,704 records. Deterministic (byte-identical rerun, verified on Title 42's 8,356 sections); make check green. make legal-us-code default now covers every title. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-07-06 10:51:44 -04:00
parent 511d65f9a0
commit 76b8ec33a7
48603 changed files with 3677193 additions and 4 deletions
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 3182"
+description: "Fugitives from State or Territory to State, District, or Territory"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "209"
+chapter_name: "EXTRADITION"
+section: "3182"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 3182"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s3182"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "d37f5d7f7f31c8449a7896e7f2f0cf90e78eda15e3dc41e579cb4ed457a3bcdf"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "4b030b480ee0e9cdc7c84fd355844f7165022a3e7944cbdbe307a77cea5c81c8"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 3182 - Fugitives from State or Territory to State, District, or Territory
+
+## Text
+
+Whenever the executive authority of any State or Territory demands any person as a fugitive from justice, of the executive authority of any State, District, or Territory to which such person has fled, and produces a copy of an indictment found or an affidavit made before a magistrate of any State or Territory, charging the person demanded with having committed treason, felony, or other crime, certified as authentic by the governor or chief magistrate of the State or Territory from whence the person so charged has fled, the executive authority of the State, District, or Territory to which such person has fled shall cause him to be arrested and secured, and notify the executive authority making such demand, or the agent of such authority appointed to receive the fugitive, and shall cause the fugitive to be delivered to such agent when he shall appear. If no such agent appears within thirty days from the time of the arrest, the prisoner may be discharged.
+
+(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 822; Pub. L. 104–294, title VI, § 601(f)(9), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3500.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision NotesBased on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 662 (R.S. § 5278). Last sentence as to costs and expenses to be paid by the demanding authority was incorporated in section 3195 of this title. Word “District” was inserted twice to make section equally applicable to fugitives found in the District of Columbia. “Thirty days” was substituted for “six months” since, in view of modern conditions, the smaller time is ample for the demanding authority to act. Minor changes were made in phraseology.
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments1996—Pub. L. 104–294 inserted comma after “District” in section catchline and in two places in text.
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 3183"
+description: "Fugitives from State, Territory, or Possession into extraterritorial jurisdiction of United States"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "209"
+chapter_name: "EXTRADITION"
+section: "3183"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 3183"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s3183"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "dd6a5ec05427abef0d1db689a3d4ed4a9398fed7498ada3e6d65f7efccb66a63"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "85fe9f07ada1ccaec96a6c148a8ee153c34dde187a54d84663e02c9f669d68fe"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 3183 - Fugitives from State, Territory, or Possession into extraterritorial jurisdiction of United States
+
+## Text
+
+Whenever the executive authority of any State, Territory, District, or possession of the United States demands any American citizen or national as a fugitive from justice who has fled to a country in which the United States exercises extraterritorial jurisdiction, and produces a copy of an indictment found or an affidavit made before a magistrate of the demanding jurisdiction, charging the fugitive so demanded with having committed treason, felony, or other offense, certified as authentic by the Governor or chief magistrate of such demanding jurisdiction, or other person authorized to act, the officer or representative of the United States vested with judicial authority to whom the demand has been made shall cause such fugitive to be arrested and secured, and notify the executive authorities making such demand, or the agent of such authority appointed to receive the fugitive, and shall cause the fugitive to be delivered to such agent when he shall appear. If no such agent shall appear within three months from the time of the arrest, the prisoner may be discharged. The agent who receives the fugitive into his custody shall be empowered to transport him to the jurisdiction from which he has fled.
+
+(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 822; Pub. L. 107–273, div. B, title IV, § 4004(d), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1812.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision NotesBased on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 662c (Mar. 22, 1934, ch. 73, § 2, 48 Stat. 455). Said section 662c was incorporated in this section and sections 752 and 3195 of this title. Provision as to costs or expenses to be paid by the demanding authority were incorporated in section 3196 of this title. Reference to the Philippine Islands was deleted as obsolete in view of the independence of the Commonwealth of the Philippines effective July 4, 1946. The attention of Congress is directed to the probability that this section may be of little, if any, possible use in view of present world conditions. Minor changes were made in phraseology.
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments2002—Pub. L. 107–273 struck out “or the Panama Canal Zone,” after “possession of the United States” in first par.
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 3184"
+description: "Fugitives from foreign country to United States"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "209"
+chapter_name: "EXTRADITION"
+section: "3184"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 3184"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s3184"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "7d2a2773ade09fe0d6eb93efe885a1eb9377c1b856fdcdc50503b7a3f7c6668f"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "5e275c1b3fec8f1f41f42c342cb50a8b1d0d889836e9a5345f08888a9e3cb2c1"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 3184 - Fugitives from foreign country to United States
+
+## Text
+
+Whenever there is a treaty or convention for extradition between the United States and any foreign government, or in cases arising under section 3181(b), any justice or judge of the United States, or any magistrate judge authorized so to do by a court of the United States, or any judge of a court of record of general jurisdiction of any State, may, upon complaint made under oath, charging any person found within his jurisdiction, with having committed within the jurisdiction of any such foreign government any of the crimes provided for by such treaty or convention, or provided for under section 3181(b), issue his warrant for the apprehension of the person so charged, that he may be brought before such justice, judge, or magistrate judge, to the end that the evidence of criminality may be heard and considered. Such complaint may be filed before and such warrant may be issued by a judge or magistrate judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia if the whereabouts within the United States of the person charged are not known or, if there is reason to believe the person will shortly enter the United States. If, on such hearing, he deems the evidence sufficient to sustain the charge under the provisions of the proper treaty or convention, or under section 3181(b), he shall certify the same, together with a copy of all the testimony taken before him, to the Secretary of State, that a warrant may issue upon the requisition of the proper authorities of such foreign government, for the surrender of such person, according to the stipulations of the treaty or convention; and he shall issue his warrant for the commitment of the person so charged to the proper jail, there to remain until such surrender shall be made.
+
+(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 822; Pub. L. 90–578, title III, § 301(a)(3), Oct. 17, 1968, 82 Stat. 1115; Pub. L. 100–690, title VII, § 7087, Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4409; Pub. L. 101–647, title XVI, § 1605, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4843; Pub. L. 101–650, title III, § 321, Dec. 1, 1990, 104 Stat. 5117; Pub. L. 104–132, title IV, § 443(b), Apr. 24, 1996, 110 Stat. 1281.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision NotesBased on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 651 (R.S. § 5270; June 6, 1900, ch. 793, 31 Stat. 656). Minor changes of phraseology were made.
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments1996—Pub. L. 104–132, in first sentence, inserted “or in cases arising under section 3181(b),” after “United States and any foreign government,” and “or provided for under section 3181(b),” after “treaty or convention,” and in third sentence, inserted “or under section 3181(b),” after “treaty or convention,”. 1990—Pub. L. 101–647 inserted “or, if there is reason to believe the person will shortly enter the United States” after “are not known” in second sentence. 1988—Pub. L. 100–690 inserted after first sentence “Such complaint may be filed before and such warrant may be issued by a judge or magistrate of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia if the whereabouts within the United States of the person charged are not known.” 1968—Pub. L. 90–578 substituted “magistrate” for “commissioner” in two places.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Change of Name Words “magistrate judge” substituted for “magistrate” wherever appearing in text pursuant to section 321 of Pub. L. 101–650, set out as a note under section 631 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.
+
+Effective Date of 1968 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 90–578 effective Oct. 17, 1968, except when a later effective date is applicable, which is the earlier of date when implementation of amendment by appointment of magistrates [now United States magistrate judges] and assumption of office takes place or third anniversary of enactment of Pub. L. 90–578 on Oct. 17, 1968, see section 403 of Pub. L. 90–578, set out as a note under section 631 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 3185"
+description: "Fugitives from country under control of United States into the United States"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "209"
+chapter_name: "EXTRADITION"
+section: "3185"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 3185"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s3185"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "ddb4a6eb3c53e94f91659e44052387b963d86e9560493f508b8596328ccf3b24"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "629b83ae56d6b0d238ce0674d943d39710299ec5ec8138ccb0ed666a59b46384"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 3185 - Fugitives from country under control of United States into the United States
+
+## Text
+
+Whenever any foreign country or territory, or any part thereof, is occupied by or under the control of the United States, any person who, having violated the criminal laws in force therein by the commission of any of the offenses enumerated below, departs or flees from justice therein to the United States, shall, when found therein, be liable to arrest and detention by the authorities of the United States, and on the written request or requisition of the military governor or other chief executive officer in control of such foreign country or territory shall be returned and surrendered as hereinafter provided to such authorities for trial under the laws in force in the place where such offense was committed.
+
+(1) Murder and assault with intent to commit murder;
+
+(2) Counterfeiting or altering money, or uttering or bringing into circulation counterfeit or altered money;
+
+(3) Counterfeiting certificates or coupons of public indebtedness, bank notes, or other instruments of public credit, and the utterance or circulation of the same;
+
+(4) Forgery or altering and uttering what is forged or altered;
+
+(5) Embezzlement or criminal malversation of the public funds, committed by public officers, employees, or depositaries;
+
+(6) Larceny or embezzlement of an amount not less than $100 in value;
+
+(7) Robbery;
+
+(8) Burglary, defined to be the breaking and entering by nighttime into the house of another person with intent to commit a felony therein;
+
+(9) Breaking and entering the house or building of another, whether in the day or nighttime, with the intent to commit a felony therein;
+
+(10) Entering, or breaking and entering the offices of the Government and public authorities, or the offices of banks, banking houses, savings banks, trust companies, insurance or other companies, with the intent to commit a felony therein;
+
+(11) Perjury or the subornation of perjury;
+
+(12) A felony under chapter 109A of this title;
+
+(13) Arson;
+
+(14) Piracy by the law of nations;
+
+(15) Murder, assault with intent to kill, and manslaughter, committed on the high seas, on board a ship owned by or in control of citizens or residents of such foreign country or territory and not under the flag of the United States, or of some other government;
+
+(16) Malicious destruction of or attempt to destroy railways, trams, vessels, bridges, dwellings, public edifices, or other buildings, when the act endangers human life.
+
+This chapter, so far as applicable, shall govern proceedings authorized by this section. Such proceedings shall be had before a judge of the courts of the United States only, who shall hold such person on evidence establishing probable cause that he is guilty of the offense charged.
+
+No return or surrender shall be made of any person charged with the commission of any offense of a political nature.
+
+If so held, such person shall be returned and surrendered to the authorities in control of such foreign country or territory on the order of the Secretary of State of the United States, and such authorities shall secure to such a person a fair and impartial trial.
+
+(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 823; May 24, 1949, ch. 139, § 49, 63 Stat. 96; Pub. L. 99–646, § 87(c)(6), Nov. 10, 1986, 100 Stat. 3623; Pub. L. 99–654, § 3(a)(6), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3663.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision Notes
+
+1948 ActBased on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 652 (R.S. § 5270; June 6, 1900, ch. 793, 31 Stat. 656). Reference to territory of the United States and the District of Columbia was omitted as covered by definitive section 5 of this title. Changes were made in phraseology and arrangement.
+
+1949 ActThis section [section 49] corrects typographical errors in section 3185 of title 18, U.S.C., by transferring to subdivision (3) the words, “indebtedness, bank notes, or other instruments of public”, from subdivision (2) of such section where they had been erroneously included.
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments1986—Par. (12). Pub. L. 99–646 and Pub. L. 99–654 amended par. (12) identically, substituting “A felony under chapter 109A of this title” for “Rape”. 1949—Pars. (2), (3). Act May 24, 1949, transferred “indebtedness, bank notes, or other instruments of public” from par. (2) to par. (3).
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 1986 AmendmentsAmendments by Pub. L. 99–646 and Pub. L. 99–654 effective, respectively, 30 days after Nov. 10, 1986, and 30 days after Nov. 14, 1986, see section 87(e) of Pub. L. 99–646 and section 4 of Pub. L. 99–654, set out as an Effective Date note under section 2241 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 3186"
+description: "Secretary of State to surrender fugitive"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "209"
+chapter_name: "EXTRADITION"
+section: "3186"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 3186"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s3186"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "4cd7e4c3bab4ec86f22879fea611396cef5b8e6dcd59d605a6038f0c17594f6d"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "a1e98d1fb04809df74e9f9442add3628d2c5552743ae3f220eda93e36565bf71"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 3186 - Secretary of State to surrender fugitive
+
+## Text
+
+The Secretary of State may order the person committed under sections 3184 or 3185 of this title to be delivered to any authorized agent of such foreign government, to be tried for the offense of which charged. Such agent may hold such person in custody, and take him to the territory of such foreign government, pursuant to such treaty. A person so accused who escapes may be retaken in the same manner as any person accused of any offense.
+
+(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 824.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision NotesBased on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 653 (R.S. § 5272). Changes were made in phraseology and surplusage was deleted.
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 3187"
+description: "Provisional arrest and detention within extraterritorial jurisdiction"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "209"
+chapter_name: "EXTRADITION"
+section: "3187"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 3187"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s3187"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "6e9f6563cb1d3646966259a5d8ad738dcae9bd7e06e1185c7170c869b3829c33"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "b450e67c4631e8319d43fdf7d5329fdae5095aa2744541f2b776169e81b793f3"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 3187 - Provisional arrest and detention within extraterritorial jurisdiction
+
+## Text
+
+The provisional arrest and detention of a fugitive, under sections 3042 and 3183 of this title, in advance of the presentation of formal proofs, may be obtained by telegraph upon the request of the authority competent to request the surrender of such fugitive addressed to the authority competent to grant such surrender. Such request shall be accompanied by an express statement that a warrant for the fugitive’s arrest has been issued within the jurisdiction of the authority making such request charging the fugitive with the commission of the crime for which his extradition is sought to be obtained. No person shall be held in custody under telegraphic request by virtue of this section for more than ninety days.
+
+(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 824.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision NotesBased on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 662d (Mar. 22, 1934, ch. 73, § 3, 48 Stat. 455). Provision for expense to be borne by the demanding authority is incorporated in section 3195 of this title. Changes were made in phraseology and arrangement.
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 3188"
+description: "Time of commitment pending extradition"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "209"
+chapter_name: "EXTRADITION"
+section: "3188"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 3188"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s3188"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "fd797b581f4a0192c005b568501e67b683c4fb4c365cc8ac1d457c295c338551"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "c6a74ac508322fe22b4e446e56b7d9b5a17377dcab86bc64a445ba0e6b5bed54"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 3188 - Time of commitment pending extradition
+
+## Text
+
+Whenever any person who is committed for rendition to a foreign government to remain until delivered up in pursuance of a requisition, is not so delivered up and conveyed out of the United States within two calendar months after such commitment, over and above the time actually required to convey the prisoner from the jail to which he was committed, by the readiest way, out of the United States, any judge of the United States, or of any State, upon application made to him by or on behalf of the person so committed, and upon proof made to him that reasonable notice of the intention to make such application has been given to the Secretary of State, may order the person so committed to be discharged out of custody, unless sufficient cause is shown to such judge why such discharge ought not to be ordered.
+
+(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 824.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision NotesBased on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 654 (R.S. § 5273). Changes in phraseology only were made.
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 3189"
+description: "Place and character of hearing"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "209"
+chapter_name: "EXTRADITION"
+section: "3189"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 3189"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s3189"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "ff653477aaf9063de9da67bf988c3a8064260ec253531517d2c96576dd8d128c"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "65c3f43056de12b873c2ac60fd92c3b5cfaa59441c701b9a4ff66535f6f73a7f"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 3189 - Place and character of hearing
+
+## Text
+
+Hearings in cases of extradition under treaty stipulation or convention shall be held on land, publicly, and in a room or office easily accessible to the public.
+
+(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 824.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision NotesBased on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 657 (Aug. 3, 1882, ch. 378, § 1, 22 Stat. 215). First word “All” was omitted as unnecessary.
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 3190"
+description: "Evidence on hearing"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "209"
+chapter_name: "EXTRADITION"
+section: "3190"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 3190"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s3190"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "f129332b379c086750c6fba37169599f8993d52940ad0f4fb237c022636e9fa7"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "c38e5f62c618d531a460afa4585b2fcd10b50e2304585f62710fc3051324a760"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 3190 - Evidence on hearing
+
+## Text
+
+Depositions, warrants, or other papers or copies thereof offered in evidence upon the hearing of any extradition case shall be received and admitted as evidence on such hearing for all the purposes of such hearing if they shall be properly and legally authenticated so as to entitle them to be received for similar purposes by the tribunals of the foreign country from which the accused party shall have escaped, and the certificate of the principal diplomatic or consular officer of the United States resident in such foreign country shall be proof that the same, so offered, are authenticated in the manner required.
+
+(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 824.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision NotesBased on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 655 (R.S. § 5271; Aug. 3, 1882, ch. 378, § 5, 22 Stat. 216). Unnecessary words were deleted.
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 3191"
+description: "Witnesses for indigent fugitives"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "209"
+chapter_name: "EXTRADITION"
+section: "3191"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 3191"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s3191"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "2c4873f2335eb34897fd2e06ebb06e55000cce2f5862fc958655594eea587982"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "6555a4c494f59d677f7399e551a0fa3b9f8e3d7d0c696b456bab6292a06c8174"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 3191 - Witnesses for indigent fugitives
+
+## Text
+
+On the hearing of any case under a claim of extradition by a foreign government, upon affidavit being filed by the person charged setting forth that there are witnesses whose evidence is material to his defense, that he cannot safely go to trial without them, what he expects to prove by each of them, and that he is not possessed of sufficient means, and is actually unable to pay the fees of such witnesses, the judge or magistrate judge hearing the matter may order that such witnesses be subpenaed; and the costs incurred by the process, and the fees of witnesses, shall be paid in the same manner as in the case of witnesses subpenaed in behalf of the United States.
+
+(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 825; Pub. L. 90–578, title III, § 301(a)(3), Oct. 17, 1968, 82 Stat. 1115; Pub. L. 101–650, title III, § 321, Dec. 1, 1990, 104 Stat. 5117.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision NotesBased on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 656 (Aug. 3, 1882, ch. 378, § 3, 22 Stat. 215). Words “that similar” after “manner” were omitted as unnecessary.
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments1968—Pub. L. 90–578 substituted “magistrate” for “commissioner”.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Change of Name Words “magistrate judge” substituted for “magistrate” in text pursuant to section 321 of Pub. L. 101–650, set out as a note under section 631 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.
+
+Effective Date of 1968 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 90–578 effective Oct. 17, 1968, except when a later effective date is applicable, which is the earlier of date when implementation of amendment by appointment of magistrates [now United States magistrate judges] and assumption of office takes place or third anniversary of enactment of Pub. L. 90–578 on Oct. 17, 1968, see section 403 of Pub. L. 90–578, set out as a note under section 631 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 3192"
+description: "Protection of accused"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "209"
+chapter_name: "EXTRADITION"
+section: "3192"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 3192"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s3192"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "587c1a8c9b91f5bff049cd9b724373b52e9ed78512be196b3cf5ea115b7930c8"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "26fe8c31ea8006cf649c39e55f575970b2517065f2ce552d017b7485573bb08f"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 3192 - Protection of accused
+
+## Text
+
+Whenever any person is delivered by any foreign government to an agent of the United States, for the purpose of being brought within the United States and tried for any offense of which he is duly accused, the President shall have power to take all necessary measures for the transportation and safekeeping of such accused person, and for his security against lawless violence, until the final conclusion of his trial for the offenses specified in the warrant of extradition, and until his final discharge from custody or imprisonment for or on account of such offenses, and for a reasonable time thereafter, and may employ such portion of the land or naval forces of the United States, or of the militia thereof, as may be necessary for the safe-keeping and protection of the accused.
+
+(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 825.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision NotesBased on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 659 (R.S. § 5275). Words “crimes or” before “offenses” were omitted as unnecessary.
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 3193"
+description: "Receiving agent’s authority over offenders"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "209"
+chapter_name: "EXTRADITION"
+section: "3193"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 3193"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s3193"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "3072c18100f3567e9a54a3668f797cfdb0c04382c8ca1c7b6364836255eff241"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "4b63abc4c5d33af6d1e4fa9fbcb8f0000be927d594338c031ec2554e744bbadb"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 3193 - Receiving agent’s authority over offenders
+
+## Text
+
+A duly appointed agent to receive, in behalf of the United States, the delivery, by a foreign government, of any person accused of crime committed within the United States, and to convey him to the place of his trial, shall have all the powers of a marshal of the United States, in the several districts through which it may be necessary for him to pass with such prisoner, so far as such power is requisite for the prisoner’s safe-keeping.
+
+(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 825.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision NotesBased on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 660 (R.S. § 5276). Words “jurisdiction of the” were omitted in view of the definition of United States in section 5 of this title. Minor changes only were made in phraseology.
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Ex. Ord. No. 11517. Issuance and Signature by Secretary of State of Warrants Appointing Agents To Return Fugitives From Justice Extradited to United States Ex. Ord. No. 11517, Mar. 19, 1970, 35 F.R. 4937, provided: WHEREAS the President of the United States, under section 3192 of Title 18, United States Code, has been granted the power to take all necessary measures for the transportation, safekeeping and security against lawless violence of any person delivered by any foreign government to an agent of the United States for return to the United States for trial for any offense of which he is duly accused; and WHEREAS fugitives from justice in the United States whose extradition from abroad has been requested by the Government of the United States and granted by a foreign government are to be returned in the custody of duly appointed agents in accordance with the provisions of section 3193 of Title 18, United States Code; and WHEREAS such duly appointed agents under the provisions of the law mentioned above, being authorized to receive delivery of the fugitive in behalf of the United States and to convey him to the place of his trial, are given the powers of a marshal of the United States in the several districts of the United States through which it may be necessary for them to pass with such prisoner, so far as such power is requisite for the prisoner’s safekeeping; and WHEREAS such warrants serve as a certification to the foreign government delivering the fugitives to any other foreign country through which such agents may pass, and to authorities in the United States of the powers therein conferred upon the agents; and WHEREAS it is desirable by delegation of functions heretofore performed by the President to simplify and thereby expedite the issuance of such warrants to agents in the interests of the prompt return of fugitives to the United States: NOW, THEREFORE, by virtue of the authority vested in me by section 301 of Title 3 of the United States Code, and as President of the United States, it is ordered as follows: Section 1. The Secretary of State is hereby designated and empowered to issue and sign all warrants appointing agents to receive, in behalf of the United States, the delivery in extradition by a foreign government of any person accused of a crime committed within the United States, and to convey such person to the place of his trial. Sec. 2. Agents appointed in accordance with section 1 of this order shall have all the powers conferred in respect of such agents by applicable treaties of the United States and by section 3193 of Title 18, United States Code, or by any other provisions of United States law. Sec. 3. Executive Order No. 10347, April 18, 1952, as amended by Executive Order No. 11354, May 23, 1967, is further amended by deleting numbered paragraph 4 and renumbering paragraphs 5 and 6 as paragraphs 4 and 5, respectively. Richard Nixon.
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 3194"
+description: "Transportation of fugitive by receiving agent"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "209"
+chapter_name: "EXTRADITION"
+section: "3194"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 3194"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s3194"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "caf1438b94ba71a955694c02a446f2c6a8dd731faedc3416998f821a9c1f65c2"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "df49846003042795a6dc982a2019490c477a7ffe3f42dc0a175cf124f2ae0ad6"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 3194 - Transportation of fugitive by receiving agent
+
+## Text
+
+Any agent appointed as provided in section 3182 of this title who receives the fugitive into his custody is empowered to transport him to the State or Territory from which he has fled.
+
+(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 825.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision NotesBased on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 663 (R.S. § 5279). Last sentence of said section 663, relating to rescue of such fugitive, was omitted as covered by section 752 of this title, the punishment provision of which is based on later statutes. (See reviser’s note under that section.) Minor changes were made in phraseology.
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 3195"
+description: "Payment of fees and costs"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "209"
+chapter_name: "EXTRADITION"
+section: "3195"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 3195"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s3195"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "06923fcc4997021ed79f8845ccea5cccce01d2dbff87cc6aa5f0f1bbff9f2c50"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "23f1469221525dad20627b1b24956c7ee867f89ba0469fd703d329135f51742d"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 3195 - Payment of fees and costs
+
+## Text
+
+All costs or expenses incurred in any extradition proceeding in apprehending, securing, and transmitting a fugitive shall be paid by the demanding authority. All witness fees and costs of every nature in cases of international extradition, including the fees of the magistrate judge, shall be certified by the judge or magistrate judge before whom the hearing shall take place to the Secretary of State of the United States, and the same shall be paid out of appropriations to defray the expenses of the judiciary or the Department of Justice as the case may be. The Attorney General shall certify to the Secretary of State the amounts to be paid to the United States on account of said fees and costs in extradition cases by the foreign government requesting the extradition, and the Secretary of State shall cause said amounts to be collected and transmitted to the Attorney General for deposit in the Treasury of the United States.
+
+(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 825; Pub. L. 90–578, title III, § 301(a)(3), Oct. 17, 1968, 82 Stat. 1115; Pub. L. 101–650, title III, § 321, Dec. 1, 1990, 104 Stat. 5117.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision NotesBased on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §§ 662, 662c, 662d, 668 (R.S. § 5278; Aug. 3, 1882, ch. 378, § 4, 22 Stat. 216; June 28, 1902, ch. 1301, § 1, 32 Stat. 475; Mar. 22, 1934, ch. 73, §§ 2, 3, 48 Stat. 455). First paragraph of this section consolidates provisions as to costs and expenses from said sections 662, 662c, and 662d. Minor changes were made in phraseology and surplusage was omitted. Remaining provisions of said sections 662, 662c, and 662d of title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., are incorporated in sections 752, 3182, 3183, and 3187 of this title. The words “or the Department of Justice as the case may be” were added at the end of the second paragraph in conformity with the appropriation acts of recent years. See for example act July 5, 1946, ch. 541, title II, 60 Stat. 460.
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments1968—Pub. L. 90–578 substituted “magistrate” for “commissioner” in two places.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Change of Name Words “magistrate judge” substituted for “magistrate” wherever appearing in text pursuant to section 321 of Pub. L. 101–650, set out as a note under section 631 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.
+
+Effective Date of 1968 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 90–578 effective Oct. 17, 1968, except when a later effective date is applicable, which is the earlier of a date when implementation of amendment by appointment of magistrates [now United States magistrate judges] and assumption of office takes place or third anniversary of enactment of Pub. L. 90–578 on Oct. 17, 1968, see section 403 of Pub. L. 90–578, set out as a note under section 631 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 3196"
+description: "Extradition of United States citizens"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "209"
+chapter_name: "EXTRADITION"
+section: "3196"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 3196"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s3196"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "80cc383970ef512bb75385b4836e8f745affc8691c192174f6d25f478a29d0da"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "831c1a7ab8e003fe5c4f4ed7a423d09450624163ca8c6c4511f86b7b9079e389"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 3196 - Extradition of United States citizens
+
+## Text
+
+If the applicable treaty or convention does not obligate the United States to extradite its citizens to a foreign country, the Secretary of State may, nevertheless, order the surrender to that country of a United States citizen whose extradition has been requested by that country if the other requirements of that treaty or convention are met.
+
+(Added Pub. L. 101–623, § 11(a), Nov. 21, 1990, 104 Stat. 3356.)