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Legal corpus: the complete U.S. Code (59,740 sections, all 53 titles)

Browse Source 
Ingested titles 12–51 and 54 from OLRC USLM XML @119-100 (the whole Code
now, uniform edition; Title 53 is reserved/empty). LegalText 11,221 ->
59,740; repo total 105,704 records. Deterministic (byte-identical rerun,
verified on Title 42's 8,356 sections); make check green. make
legal-us-code default now covers every title.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
This commit is contained in:
Fabio
2026-07-06 10:51:44 -04:00
parent 511d65f9a0
commit 76b8ec33a7
48603 changed files with 3677193 additions and 4 deletions
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legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-221/section-3431.md
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---
type: "LegalText"
title: "18 U.S.C. § 3431"
description: "Term of court; power of court unaffected by expiration—(Rule)"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 18
title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
chapter_number: "221"
chapter_name: "ARRAIGNMENT, PLEAS AND TRIAL"
section: "3431"
citation: "18 U.S.C. § 3431"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s3431"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
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retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 18 U.S.C. § 3431 - Term of court; power of court unaffected by expiration—(Rule)
## Text
See Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure Expiration of term without significance in criminal cases, Rule 45(c).
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 831.)
## Notes
Editorial Notes
References in TextRule 45(c) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, referred to in text, was rescinded Feb. 28, 1966, eff. July 1, 1966.
legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-221/section-3432.md
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---
type: "LegalText"
title: "18 U.S.C. § 3432"
description: "Indictment and list of jurors and witnesses for prisoner in capital cases"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 18
title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
chapter_number: "221"
chapter_name: "ARRAIGNMENT, PLEAS AND TRIAL"
section: "3432"
citation: "18 U.S.C. § 3432"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s3432"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
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retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 18 U.S.C. § 3432 - Indictment and list of jurors and witnesses for prisoner in capital cases
## Text
A person charged with treason or other capital offense shall at least three entire days before commencement of trial, excluding intermediate weekends and holidays, be furnished with a copy of the indictment and a list of the veniremen, and of the witnesses to be produced on the trial for proving the indictment, stating the place of abode of each venireman and witness, except that such list of the veniremen and witnesses need not be furnished if the court finds by a preponderance of the evidence that providing the list may jeopardize the life or safety of any person.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 831; Pub. L. 103–322, title VI, § 60025, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1982; Pub. L. 111–16, § 3(10), May 7, 2009, 123 Stat. 1608.)
## Notes
Historical and Revision NotesBased on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 562 (R.S. § 1033). Words “or other capital offense” inserted after “treason” and “jurors” substituted for “jury”. The concluding sentence “When any person is indicted for any other capital offense, such copy of the indictment and list of the jurors and witnesses shall be delivered to him at least two entire days before the trial” was omitted. The change made by the revisers, permitting an additional day’s preparation for trial in homicide, kidnapping, rape, and other capital cases seemed not unreasonable. Words “shall be delivered to him”, at end of section, were omitted as unnecessary. Rule 10 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure requires that the defendant in every case be given a copy of the indictment or information before he is called upon to plead. Thus there is no conflict between the rule and the revised section. Minor changes in phraseology were made.
Editorial Notes
Amendments2009—Pub. L. 111–16 inserted “, excluding intermediate weekends and holidays,” after “commencement of trial”. 1994—Pub. L. 103–322 inserted before period at end “, except that such list of the veniremen and witnesses need not be furnished if the court finds by a preponderance of the evidence that providing the list may jeopardize the life or safety of any person”.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 2009 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 111–16 effective Dec. 1, 2009, see section 7 of Pub. L. 111–16, set out as a note under section 109 of Title 11, Bankruptcy.
legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-221/section-3433.md
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---
type: "LegalText"
title: "18 U.S.C. § 3433"
description: "Arraignment—(Rule)"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 18
title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
chapter_number: "221"
chapter_name: "ARRAIGNMENT, PLEAS AND TRIAL"
section: "3433"
citation: "18 U.S.C. § 3433"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s3433"
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retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 18 U.S.C. § 3433 - Arraignment—(Rule)
## Text
See Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure Reading and furnishing copy of indictment to accused, Rule 10.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 831.)
legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-221/section-3434.md
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---
type: "LegalText"
title: "18 U.S.C. § 3434"
description: "Presence of defendant—(Rule)"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 18
title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
chapter_number: "221"
chapter_name: "ARRAIGNMENT, PLEAS AND TRIAL"
section: "3434"
citation: "18 U.S.C. § 3434"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s3434"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
source_hash: "82bf24dd66732bf7a043be39e0c320d833c1b6a7f98819770b15169849714e12"
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retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 18 U.S.C. § 3434 - Presence of defendant—(Rule)
## Text
See Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure Right of defendant to be present generally; corporation; waiver, Rule 43.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 831.)
legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-221/section-3435.md
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---
type: "LegalText"
title: "18 U.S.C. § 3435"
description: "Receiver of stolen property triable before or after principal"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 18
title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
chapter_number: "221"
chapter_name: "ARRAIGNMENT, PLEAS AND TRIAL"
section: "3435"
citation: "18 U.S.C. § 3435"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s3435"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
source_hash: "2be65d14011949a5ae2bfda0cc5657fac78116999b9573af7b70e3c29b030b26"
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retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 18 U.S.C. § 3435 - Receiver of stolen property triable before or after principal
## Text
A person charged with receiving or concealing stolen property may be tried either before or after the trial of the principal offender.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 831.)
## Notes
Historical and Revision NotesBased on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §§ 101, 467 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, §§ 48, 288, 35 Stat. 1098, 1145). Other provisions of sections 101 and 467 of title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., were incorporated in sections 641 and 662 of this title. Necessary changes were made in phraseology.
legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-221/section-3436.md
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---
type: "LegalText"
title: "18 U.S.C. § 3436"
description: "Consolidation of indictments or informations—(Rule)"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 18
title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
chapter_number: "221"
chapter_name: "ARRAIGNMENT, PLEAS AND TRIAL"
section: "3436"
citation: "18 U.S.C. § 3436"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s3436"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
source_hash: "00700a4d90b8bb0fdaa0cf2d0f478c3f2594aafbfd49a90cbc6a788c316f9149"
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tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 18 U.S.C. § 3436 - Consolidation of indictments or informations—(Rule)
## Text
See Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure Two or more indictments or informations triable together, Rule 13.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 832.)
legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-221/section-3437.md
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---
type: "LegalText"
title: "18 U.S.C. § 3437"
description: "Severance—(Rule)"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 18
title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
chapter_number: "221"
chapter_name: "ARRAIGNMENT, PLEAS AND TRIAL"
section: "3437"
citation: "18 U.S.C. § 3437"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s3437"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
source_hash: "06690f56346e8f63340bd49bd8e4b5eee01f410ead2e7e442d6736154999b086"
raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
text_hash: "cd2ccf7e3b2debd78bf8f66ef64cc42a5d7ff8ac6da5bee945f4269ba562158d"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 18 U.S.C. § 3437 - Severance—(Rule)
## Text
See Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure Relief from prejudicial joinder of defendants or offenses, Rule 14.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 832.)
legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-221/section-3438.md
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---
type: "LegalText"
title: "18 U.S.C. § 3438"
description: "Pleas—(Rule)"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 18
title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
chapter_number: "221"
chapter_name: "ARRAIGNMENT, PLEAS AND TRIAL"
section: "3438"
citation: "18 U.S.C. § 3438"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s3438"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
source_hash: "ad66ea1587249fe6d4d4f485edf3530c55c5976f480e81ebc274e4a02f893074"
raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
text_hash: "e1977145e2cd3b5b8b83656ab34cfc4ccb9a87b0eed88db791d9ff44ac4e19e5"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 18 U.S.C. § 3438 - Pleas—(Rule)
## Text
See Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure Plea of guilty, not guilty, or nolo contendere; acceptance by court; refusal to plead; corporation failing to appear, Rule 11. Withdrawal of plea of guilty, Rule 32.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 832.)
legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-221/section-3439.md
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---
type: "LegalText"
title: "18 U.S.C. § 3439"
description: "Demurrers and special pleas in bar or abatement abolished; relief on motion—(Rule)"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 18
title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
chapter_number: "221"
chapter_name: "ARRAIGNMENT, PLEAS AND TRIAL"
section: "3439"
citation: "18 U.S.C. § 3439"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s3439"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
source_hash: "0e68f2715904d576bd68a07b2f71e993c868ca14b41e84475e6b29026cc5c40e"
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text_hash: "45f2a0b6d8c2785a216338d589328fe98ada81a629e64e0d0474891eb55a20c3"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 18 U.S.C. § 3439 - Demurrers and special pleas in bar or abatement abolished; relief on motion—(Rule)
## Text
See Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure Motion to dismiss or for appropriate relief substituted for demurrer or dilatory plea or motion to quash, Rule 12.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 832.)
legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-221/section-3440.md
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---
type: "LegalText"
title: "18 U.S.C. § 3440"
description: "Defenses and objections determined on motion—(Rule)"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 18
title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
chapter_number: "221"
chapter_name: "ARRAIGNMENT, PLEAS AND TRIAL"
section: "3440"
citation: "18 U.S.C. § 3440"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s3440"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
source_hash: "600afea63a8f7eb1cd797b5eb01679354f7b46d34627c476b1823fe572e6536c"
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text_hash: "ab364cb2ea932bf298b640d7544155a7eadb4a320f2b54e09ce2e50ba80e4d39"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 18 U.S.C. § 3440 - Defenses and objections determined on motion—(Rule)
## Text
See Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure Defenses or objections which may or must be raised before trial; time; hearing; effect of determination; limitations by law unaffected, Rule 12(b).
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 832.)
legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-221/section-3441.md
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---
type: "LegalText"
title: "18 U.S.C. § 3441"
description: "Jury; number of jurors; waiver—(Rule)"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 18
title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
chapter_number: "221"
chapter_name: "ARRAIGNMENT, PLEAS AND TRIAL"
section: "3441"
citation: "18 U.S.C. § 3441"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s3441"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
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retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 18 U.S.C. § 3441 - Jury; number of jurors; waiver—(Rule)
## Text
See Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure Jury trial, waiver, twelve jurors or less by written stipulation, trial by court on general or special findings, Rule 23.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 832.)
legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-221/section-3442.md
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---
type: "LegalText"
title: "18 U.S.C. § 3442"
description: "Jurors, examination, peremptory challenges; alternates—(Rule)"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 18
title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
chapter_number: "221"
chapter_name: "ARRAIGNMENT, PLEAS AND TRIAL"
section: "3442"
citation: "18 U.S.C. § 3442"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s3442"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
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retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 18 U.S.C. § 3442 - Jurors, examination, peremptory challenges; alternates—(Rule)
## Text
See Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure Examination and peremptory challenges of trial jurors; alternate jurors, Rule 24.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 832.)
legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-221/section-3443.md
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---
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title: "18 U.S.C. § 3443"
description: "Instructions to jury—(Rule)"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 18
title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
chapter_number: "221"
chapter_name: "ARRAIGNMENT, PLEAS AND TRIAL"
section: "3443"
citation: "18 U.S.C. § 3443"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s3443"
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# 18 U.S.C. § 3443 - Instructions to jury—(Rule)
## Text
See Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure Court’s instructions to jury, written requests and copies, objections, Rule 30.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 832.)
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# 18 U.S.C. § 3444 - Disability of judge—(Rule)
## Text
See Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure Disability of judge after verdict or finding of guilt, Rule 25.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 832.)
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# 18 U.S.C. § 3445 - Motion for judgment of acquittal—(Rule)
## Text
See Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure Motions for directed verdict abolished. Motions for judgment of acquittal adopted; court may reserve decision; renewal, Rule 29.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 832.)
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# 18 U.S.C. § 3446 - New trial—(Rule)
## Text
See Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure Granting of new trial, grounds, and motion, Rule 33.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 832.)