Legal corpus: the complete U.S. Code (59,740 sections, all 53 titles)

Ingested titles 12–51 and 54 from OLRC USLM XML @119-100 (the whole Code
now, uniform edition; Title 53 is reserved/empty). LegalText 11,221 ->
59,740; repo total 105,704 records. Deterministic (byte-identical rerun,
verified on Title 42's 8,356 sections); make check green. make
legal-us-code default now covers every title.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
This commit is contained in:
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---
type: "LegalText"
title: "18 U.S.C. § 597"
description: "Expenditures to influence voting"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 18
title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
chapter_number: "29"
chapter_name: "ELECTIONS AND POLITICAL ACTIVITIES"
section: "597"
citation: "18 U.S.C. § 597"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s597"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
source_hash: "0c152e644ff0fcf1f24ab6a9da13e74457141f5ddd409054ba29fc0ce0ff0f8f"
raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
text_hash: "732d46244b5d01a95c943b19a337650bb9f0ee3ea07ba9119bad9e2ea0fcac60"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 18 U.S.C. § 597 - Expenditures to influence voting
## Text
Whoever makes or offers to make an expenditure to any person, either to vote or withhold his vote, or to vote for or against any candidate; and Whoever solicits, accepts, or receives any such expenditure in consideration of his vote or the withholding of his vote— Shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than one year, or both; and if the violation was willful, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than two years, or both.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 721; Pub. L. 103322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(H), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147; Pub. L. 104294, title VI, § 601(a)(12), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3498.)
## Notes
Historical and Revision NotesBased on sections 250, 252, of title 2, U.S.C., 1940 ed., The Congress (Feb. 28, 1925, ch. 368, title III, §§ 311, 314, 43 Stat. 1073, 1074). This section consolidates the provisions of sections 250 and 252 of title 2, U.S.C., 1940 ed., The Congress. Reference to persons causing or procuring was omitted as unnecessary in view of definition of “principal” in section 2 of this title. The punishment provisions of section 252 of title 2, U.S.C., 1940 ed., The Congress, were incorporated at end of section upon authority of reference in such section making them applicable to this section. Words “or both” were added to conform to the almost universal formula of the punishment provisions of this title. Changes were made in phraseology.
Editorial Notes
Amendments1996—Pub. L. 104294 substituted “shall be fined under this title” for “shall be fined not more than $10,000” in last par. 1994—Pub. L. 103322 substituted “shall be fined under this title” for “shall be fined not more than $1,000” in last par.