Legal corpus: the complete U.S. Code (59,740 sections, all 53 titles)

Ingested titles 12–51 and 54 from OLRC USLM XML @119-100 (the whole Code
now, uniform edition; Title 53 is reserved/empty). LegalText 11,221 ->
59,740; repo total 105,704 records. Deterministic (byte-identical rerun,
verified on Title 42's 8,356 sections); make check green. make
legal-us-code default now covers every title.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-47/section-1001.md

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+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 1001"
+description: "Statements or entries generally"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "47"
+chapter_name: "FRAUD AND FALSE STATEMENTS"
+section: "1001"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 1001"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s1001"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "31598b73a5325115027fff0aceb7734ffc5b8860774cf58755adb8f5eb40c482"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "0e0651d2bd6ed2a3d986c95076445d8ff6cf83e290394fb387f31948a7a706b1"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 1001 - Statements or entries generally
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Except as otherwise provided in this section, whoever, in any matter within the jurisdiction of the executive, legislative, or judicial branch of the Government of the United States, knowingly and willfully—
+
+(1) falsifies, conceals, or covers up by any trick, scheme, or device a material fact;
+
+(2) makes any materially false, fictitious, or fraudulent statement or representation; or
+
+(3) makes or uses any false writing or document knowing the same to contain any materially false, fictitious, or fraudulent statement or entry;
+
+shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 5 years or, if the offense involves international or domestic terrorism (as defined in section 2331), imprisoned not more than 8 years, or both. If the matter relates to an offense under chapter 109A, 109B, 110, or 117, or section 1591, then the term of imprisonment imposed under this section shall be not more than 8 years.
+
+(b) Subsection (a) does not apply to a party to a judicial proceeding, or that party’s counsel, for statements, representations, writings or documents submitted by such party or counsel to a judge or magistrate in that proceeding.
+
+(c) With respect to any matter within the jurisdiction of the legislative branch, subsection (a) shall apply only to—
+
+(1) administrative matters, including a claim for payment, a matter related to the procurement of property or services, personnel or employment practices, or support services, or a document required by law, rule, or regulation to be submitted to the Congress or any office or officer within the legislative branch; or
+
+(2) any investigation or review, conducted pursuant to the authority of any committee, subcommittee, commission or office of the Congress, consistent with applicable rules of the House or Senate.
+
+(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 749; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(L), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147; Pub. L. 104–292, § 2, Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3459; Pub. L. 108–458, title VI, § 6703(a), Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3766; Pub. L. 109–248, title I, § 141(c), July 27, 2006, 120 Stat. 603.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision NotesBased on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 80 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 35, 35 Stat. 1095; Oct. 23, 1918, ch. 194, 40 Stat. 1015; June 18, 1934, ch. 587, 48 Stat. 996; Apr. 4, 1938, ch. 69, 52 Stat. 197). Section 80 of title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., was divided into two parts. The provision relating to false claims was incorporated in section 287 of this title. Reference to persons causing or procuring was omitted as unnecessary in view of definition of “principal” in section 2 of this title. Words “or any corporation in which the United States of America is a stockholder” in said section 80 were omitted as unnecessary in view of definition of “agency” in section 6 of this title. In addition to minor changes of phraseology, the maximum term of imprisonment was changed from 10 to 5 years to be consistent with comparable sections. (See reviser’s note under section 287 of this title.)
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments2006—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–248 inserted last sentence in concluding provisions. 2004—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108–458 substituted “be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 5 years or, if the offense involves international or domestic terrorism (as defined in section 2331), imprisoned not more than 8 years, or both” for “be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both” in concluding provisions. 1996—Pub. L. 104–292 reenacted section catchline without change and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “Whoever, in any matter within the jurisdiction of any department or agency of the United States knowingly and willfully falsifies, conceals or covers up by any trick, scheme, or device a material fact, or makes any false, fictitious or fraudulent statements or representations, or makes or uses any false writing or document knowing the same to contain any false, fictitious or fraudulent statement or entry, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.” 1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $10,000”.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Change of Name Reference to United States magistrate or to magistrate deemed to refer to United States magistrate judge pursuant to section 321 of Pub. L. 101–650, set out as a note under section 631 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.
+
+Short Title of 2004 AmendmentPub. L. 108–275, § 1, July 15, 2004, 118 Stat. 831, provided that: “This Act [enacting section 1028A of this title, amending sections 641 and 1028 of this title, and enacting provisions listed in a table relating to sentencing guidelines set out as a note under section 994 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure] may be cited as the ‘Identity Theft Penalty Enhancement Act’.”
+
+Short Title of 2003 AmendmentPub. L. 108–21, title VI, § 607(a), Apr. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 689, provided that: “This section [amending section 1028 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Secure Authentication Feature and Enhanced Identification Defense Act of 2003’ or ‘SAFE ID Act’.”
+
+Short Title of 2000 AmendmentPub. L. 106–578, § 1, Dec. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 3075, provided that: “This Act [amending section 1028 of this title, repealing section 1738 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 1028 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Internet False Identification Prevention Act of 2000’.”
+
+Short Title of 1998 AmendmentsPub. L. 105–318, § 1, Oct. 30, 1998, 112 Stat. 3007, provided that: “This Act [amending sections 982, 1028, and 2516 of this title and section 105 of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978, Pub. L. 95–521, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 1028 of this title and section 994 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure] may be cited as the ‘Identity Theft and Assumption Deterrence Act of 1998’.” Pub. L. 105–172, § 1, Apr. 24, 1998, 112 Stat. 53, provided that: “This Act [amending section 1029 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 994 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure] may be cited as the ‘Wireless Telephone Protection Act’.”
+
+Short Title of 1996 AmendmentPub. L. 104–292, § 1, Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3459, provided that: “This Act [amending this section, sections 1515 and 6005 of this title, and section 1365 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure] may be cited as the ‘False Statements Accountability Act of 1996’.”
+
+Short Title of 1994 AmendmentPub. L. 103–322, title XXIX, § 290001(a), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2097, as amended by Pub. L. 104–294, title VI, § 604(b)(34), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3508, provided that: “This section [amending section 1030 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Computer Abuse Amendments Act of 1994’.”
+
+Short Title of 1990 AmendmentPub. L. 101–647, title XXV, § 2500, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4859, provided that: “This title [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Comprehensive Thrift and Bank Fraud Prosecution and Taxpayer Recovery Act of 1990’.”
+
+Short Title of 1989 AmendmentPub. L. 101–123, § 1, Oct. 23, 1989, 103 Stat. 759, provided that: “This Act [amending section 1031 of this title, repealing section 293 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 293 and 1031 of this title, and repealing provisions set out as a note under section 293 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Major Fraud Act Amendments of 1989’.”
+
+Short Title of 1988 AmendmentPub. L. 100–700, § 1, Nov. 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 4631, provided that: “This Act [enacting sections 293 and 1031 of this title and section 256 of Title 41, Public Contracts, amending section 2324 of Title 10, Armed Forces, and section 3730 of Title 31, Money and Finance, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 293 and 1031 of this title, section 2324 of Title 10, and section 522 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure, and repealing provisions set out as a note under section 2324 of Title 10] may be cited as the ‘Major Fraud Act of 1988’.”
+
+Short Title of 1986 AmendmentPub. L. 99–474, § 1, Oct. 16, 1986, 100 Stat. 1213, provided that: “This Act [amending section 1030 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1986’.”
+
+Short Title of 1984 AmendmentPub. L. 98–473, title II, § 1601, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2183, provided that: “This chapter [chapter XVI (§§ 1601–1603) of title II of Pub. L. 98–473, enacting section 1029 of this title and provisions set out as a note under section 1029 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Credit Card Fraud Act of 1984’.” Pub. L. 98–473, title II, § 2101, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2190, provided that: “This chapter [chapter XXI (§§ 2101–2103) of title II of Pub. L. 98–473, enacting section 1030 of this title and provisions set out as a note under section 1030 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Counterfeit Access Device and Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1984’.”
+
+Short Title of 1982 AmendmentPub. L. 97–398, § 1, Dec. 31, 1982, 96 Stat. 2009, provided: “That this Act [enacting sections 1028 and 1738 of this title and amending section 3001 of Title 39, Postal Service] may be cited as the ‘False Identification Crime Control Act of 1982’.”

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-47/section-1002.md

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 1002"
+description: "Possession of false papers to defraud United States"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "47"
+chapter_name: "FRAUD AND FALSE STATEMENTS"
+section: "1002"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 1002"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s1002"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "150f30c2791cd8c2db59863a365304165071eb15bb156c797fca7a5b71666a51"
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+text_hash: "041c163193b126981155324395aadcd45ce69bd5369a0fe9eb57f8b669dec129"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 1002 - Possession of false papers to defraud United States
+
+## Text
+
+Whoever, knowingly and with intent to defraud the United States, or any agency thereof, possesses any false, altered, forged, or counterfeited writing or document for the purpose of enabling another to obtain from the United States, or from any agency, officer or agent thereof, any sum of money, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.
+
+(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 749; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(L), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision NotesBased on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 74 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 30, 35 Stat. 1094). Words “or any agency thereof” after “United States” and word “agency” after “any” and before “officer,” were inserted to eliminate any possible ambiguity as to scope of section. (See definition of “agency” in section 6 of this title.) The maximum fine of “$10,000” was substituted for “$500” in order to conform punishment provisions to those of comparable sections. (See section 1001 of this title.) Minor verbal change was made.
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $10,000”.

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-47/section-1003.md

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 1003"
+description: "Demands against the United States"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "47"
+chapter_name: "FRAUD AND FALSE STATEMENTS"
+section: "1003"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 1003"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s1003"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "2a12a4178b532e92f1c7fd1c455c8001399be3a6ab0ac29a49a838cd29337748"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "b63189aabdb79416afc8131dbdd64ccbe34be627ea43e02956cb88220e78ad83"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 1003 - Demands against the United States
+
+## Text
+
+Whoever knowingly and fraudulently demands or endeavors to obtain any share or sum in the public stocks of the United States, or to have any part thereof transferred, assigned, sold, or conveyed, or to have any annuity, dividend, pension, wages, gratuity, or other debt due from the United States, or any part thereof, received, or paid by virtue of any false, forged, or counterfeited power of attorney, authority, or instrument, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than five years, or both; but if the sum or value so obtained or attempted to be obtained does not exceed $1,000, he shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than one year, or both.
+
+(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 749; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(H), (L), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147; Pub. L. 104–294, title VI, § 606(a), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3511.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision NotesBased on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 79 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 34, 35 Stat. 1095). Words “prize money” were deleted on the ground that they are an anachronism and were so before 1909. (See reviser’s note under section 915 of this title.) Mandatory punishment provision was rephrased in the alternative. The smaller punishment for an offense involving $100 or less was added. (See reviser’s note to sections 641 and 645 of this title.) The maximum term of “five years” was substituted for “ten years” and “$10,000” was substituted for “$5,000” as being more in harmony with punishment provision of similar sections. (See reviser’s note under section 1001 of this title.) Minor changes in phraseology were made.
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments1996—Pub. L. 104–294 substituted “$1,000” for “$100”. 1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $10,000” after “instrument, shall be” and for “fined not more than $1,000” after “he shall be”.

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-47/section-1004.md

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 1004"
+description: "Certification of checks"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "47"
+chapter_name: "FRAUD AND FALSE STATEMENTS"
+section: "1004"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 1004"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s1004"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "523b2da799a378f4aaa80222d63af46b68724dd18cd55e1a7a0f355107476352"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "33a5ba64b925c9afea84bb58d067c6de7cd1cf99c98f698fd5deae72a0830c4f"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 1004 - Certification of checks
+
+## Text
+
+Whoever, being an officer, director, agent, or employee of any Federal Reserve bank, member bank of the Federal Reserve System, insured bank (as defined in section 3(h) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act), branch or agency of a foreign bank (as such terms are defined in paragraphs (1) and (3) of section 1(b) of the International Banking Act of 1978), or organization operating under section 25 or section 25(a) 11 See References in Text note below. of the Federal Reserve Act, certifies a check before the amount thereof has been regularly deposited in the bank, branch, agency, or organization, by the drawer thereof, or resorts to any device, or receives any fictitious obligation, directly or collaterally, in order to evade any of the provisions of law relating to certification of checks, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.
+
+(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 749; Pub. L. 101–647, title XXV, § 2597(g), Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4910; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision NotesBased on section 591 of title 12, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Banks and Banking (R.S. § 5208; July 12, 1882, ch. 290, § 13, 22 Stat. 166; Sept. 26, 1918, ch. 177, § 7, 40 Stat. 972; Feb. 25, 1927, ch. 191, § 12, 44 Stat. 1231). Words “be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and shall” were omitted as unnecessary in view of definition of misdemeanor in section 1 of this title. Words “on conviction thereof” were omitted as surplusage, because punishment cannot be imposed until after conviction. Words “in any district court of the United States” were omitted as unnecessary, because section 3231 of this title confers jurisdiction on Federal district courts of all crimes and offenses defined in this title. Changes were made in phraseology.
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextSection 3(h) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act, referred to in text, is classified to section 1813(h) of Title 12, Banks and Banking. Section 1(b) of the International Banking Act of 1978, referred to in text, is classified to section 3101 of Title 12. Section 25 of the Federal Reserve Act, referred to in text, is classified to subchapter I (§ 601 et seq.) of chapter 6 of Title 12. Section 25(a) of the Federal Reserve Act, which is classified to subchapter II (§ 611 et seq.) of chapter 6 of Title 12, was renumbered section 25A of that act by Pub. L. 102–242, title I, § 142(e)(2), Dec. 19, 1991, 105 Stat. 2281.
+
+Amendments1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $5,000”. 1990—Pub. L. 101–647 substituted a comma for “or” after “Federal Reserve bank” and inserted “insured bank (as defined in section 3(h) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act), branch or agency of a foreign bank (as such terms are defined in paragraphs (1) and (3) of section 1(b) of the International Banking Act of 1978), or organization operating under section 25 or section 25(a) of the Federal Reserve Act,” after “Federal Reserve System,” and “, branch, agency, or organization,” after “has been regularly deposited in the bank”.

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-47/section-1005.md

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 1005"
+description: "Bank entries, reports and transactions"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "47"
+chapter_name: "FRAUD AND FALSE STATEMENTS"
+section: "1005"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 1005"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s1005"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "e6fbc3a7adbaf6d5f1305b95a48e1d4fa0da795e231859ad73568f235a13a948"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "6eaa4ac2a233981b9ffcb15d52651d1331a0ca1c9fe40d40113d6c82d70ec185"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 1005 - Bank entries, reports and transactions
+
+## Text
+
+Whoever, being an officer, director, agent or employee of any Federal Reserve bank, member bank, depository institution holding company, national bank, insured bank, branch or agency of a foreign bank, or organization operating under section 25 or section 25(a) 11 See References in Text note below. of the Federal Reserve Act, without authority from the directors of such bank, branch, agency, or organization or company, issues or puts in circulation any notes of such bank, branch, agency, or organization or company; or Whoever, without such authority, makes, draws, issues, puts forth, or assigns any certificate of deposit, draft, order, bill of exchange, acceptance, note, debenture, bond, or other obligation, or mortgage, judgment or decree; or Whoever makes any false entry in any book, report, or statement of such bank, company, branch, agency, or organization with intent to injure or defraud such bank, company, branch, agency, or organization, or any other company, body politic or corporate, or any individual person, or to deceive any officer of such bank, company, branch, agency, or organization, or the Comptroller of the Currency, or the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, or any agent or examiner appointed to examine the affairs of such bank, company, branch, agency, or organization, or the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System; or Whoever with intent to defraud the United States or any agency thereof, or any financial institution referred to in this section, participates or shares in or receives (directly or indirectly) any money, profit, property, or benefits through any transaction, loan, commission, contract, or any other act of any such financial institution— Shall be fined not more than $1,000,000 or imprisoned not more than 30 years, or both. As used in this section, the term “national bank” is synonymous with “national banking association”; “member bank” means and includes any national bank, state bank, or bank or trust company, which has become a member of one of the Federal Reserve banks; “insured bank” includes any state bank, banking association, trust company, savings bank, or other banking institution, the deposits of which are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation; and the term “branch or agency of a foreign bank” means a branch or agency described in section 20(9) of this title. For purposes of this section, the term “depository institution holding company” has the meaning given such term in section 3(w)(1) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act.
+
+(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 750; Pub. L. 101–73, title IX, § 961(d), Aug. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 499; Pub. L. 101–647, title XXV, §§ 2504(d), 2595(a)(3), 2597(h), Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4861, 4907, 4910; Pub. L. 107–273, div. B, title IV, § 4003(a)(2), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1811.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision NotesBased on sections 592, 597 of title 12, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Banks and Banking (R.S. § 5209; Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, § 22(i) as added June 19, 1934, ch. 653, § 3, 48 Stat. 1107; Sept. 26, 1918, ch. 177, § 7, 40 Stat. 972; Aug. 23, 1935, ch. 614, § 316, 49 Stat. 712). (See reviser’s note under section 656 of this title for comprehensive statement of reasons for separating section 592 of title 12, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Banks and Banking, into three revised sections, and section 597 thereof into two revised sections, with the consequent extensive changes in phraseology, style, and arrangement.) In this section, national bank receivers and Federal reserve agents were not included in the initial enumeration of persons at whom the act is directed, since the provisions of this section, unlike section 656 of this title, are not directed at such receivers and agents. No changes of meaning or substance were made, except that, like said section 656 of this title, the different punishment provisions were reconciled, and one uniform punishment provision was adopted. The words “shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor” were omitted as unnecessary in view of the definition of a misdemeanor in section 1 of this title. The words “and upon conviction thereof” were omitted as unnecessary, since punishment cannot be imposed until a conviction is secured. Since section 3231 of this title gives the district court jurisdiction of criminal prosecutions, the words “in any district court of the United States” were omitted as unnecessary.
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextSection 25 of the Federal Reserve Act, referred to in text, is classified to subchapter I (§ 601 et seq.) of chapter 6 of Title 12, Banks and Banking. Section 25(a) of the Federal Reserve Act, which is classified to subchapter II (§ 611 et seq.) of chapter 6 of Title 12, was renumbered section 25A of that act by Pub. L. 102–242, title I, § 142(e)(2), Dec. 19, 1991, 105 Stat. 2281. Section 3(w)(1) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act, referred to in text, is classified to section 1813(w)(1) of Title 12.
+
+Amendments2002—Pub. L. 107–273, in first par. substituted “Act,” for “Act,,” and in third par. inserted “or” at end. 1990—Pub. L. 101–647, §§ 2504(d), 2595(a)(3)(A), (B), 2597(h), in first par. substituted “depository institution” for “bank or savings and loan”, “national bank, insured bank, branch or agency of a foreign bank, or organization operating under section 25 or section 25(a) of the Federal Reserve Act,” for “national bank or insured bank”, and “of such bank, branch, agency, or organization or company” for “of such bank” in two places, in third par. substituted “bank, company, branch, agency, or organization” for “bank or company” in four places, and in fifth par. substituted “30” for “20” before “years”. Pub. L. 101–647, § 2597(h)(3)(A), in sixth par. struck out “and” after “one of the Federal Reserve Banks;”. Pub. L. 101–647, § 2597(h)(3)(B), which, in sixth par., directed insertion of “; and the term ‘branch or agency of a foreign bank’ means a branch or agency described in section 20(9) of this title” before the period, was inserted before period at end of first sentence to reflect the probable intent of Congress and intervening amendment by Pub. L. 101–647, § 2595(a)(3)(C). See below. Pub. L. 101–647, § 2595(a)(3)(C), inserted “For purposes of this section, the term ‘depository institution holding company’ has the meaning given such term in section 3(w)(1) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act.” at end of sixth par. 1989—Pub. L. 101–73 in first par. inserted “bank or savings and loan holding company,” after “member bank,”, in third par. inserted “or company” after “bank” wherever appearing and substituted a semicolon for the dash after “Federal Reserve System”, added fourth par. reading: “Whoever with intent to defraud the United States or any agency thereof, or any financial institution referred to in this section, participates or shares in or receives (directly or indirectly) any money, profit, property, or benefits through any transaction, loan, commission, contract, or any other act of any such financial institution—”, and, in fifth par. substituted “$1,000,000” for “$5,000” and “20 years” for “five years”.
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Exception as to Transfer of Functions Functions vested by any provision of law in Comptroller of the Currency, referred to in this section, were not included in transfer of functions of officers, agencies and employees of Department of the Treasury to Secretary of the Treasury, made by Reorg. Plan No. 26 of 1950, § 1, eff. July 31, 1950, 15 F.R. 4935, 64 Stat. 1280, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-47/section-1006.md

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 1006"
+description: "Federal credit institution entries, reports and transactions"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "47"
+chapter_name: "FRAUD AND FALSE STATEMENTS"
+section: "1006"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 1006"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s1006"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "cc7ee1391e4f19b1cece2e81ddf70baa0bfbaf011d4b75ed5b3ffe8c6100553d"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "b0ddc3a1897cfa1bf9b9311ae9de58859563fb3815a4d066328b293fa62989da"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 1006 - Federal credit institution entries, reports and transactions
+
+## Text
+
+Whoever, being an officer, agent or employee of or connected in any capacity with the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, National Credit Union Administration, any Federal home loan bank, the Federal Housing Finance Agency, Farm Credit Administration, Department of Housing and Urban Development, Federal Crop Insurance Corporation, the Secretary of Agriculture acting through the Farmers Home Administration or successor agency, the Rural Development Administration or successor agency, or the Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation, a Farm Credit Bank, a bank for cooperatives or any lending, mortgage, insurance, credit or savings and loan corporation or association authorized or acting under the laws of the United States or any institution, other than an insured bank (as defined in section 656), the accounts of which are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, or by the National Credit Union Administration Board or any small business investment company, with intent to defraud any such institution or any other company, body politic or corporate, or any individual, or to deceive any officer, auditor, examiner or agent of any such institution or of department or agency of the United States, makes any false entry in any book, report or statement of or to any such institution, or without being duly authorized, draws any order or bill of exchange, makes any acceptance, or issues, puts forth or assigns any note, debenture, bond or other obligation, or draft, bill of exchange, mortgage, judgment, or decree, or, with intent to defraud the United States or any agency thereof, or any corporation, institution, or association referred to in this section, participates or shares in or receives directly or indirectly any money, profit, property, or benefits through any transaction, loan, commission, contract, or any other act of any such corporation, institution, or association, shall be fined not more than $1,000,000 or imprisoned not more than 30 years, or both.
+
+(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 750; May 24, 1949, ch. 139, § 20, 63 Stat. 92; July 28, 1956, ch. 773, § 2, 70 Stat. 714; Pub. L. 85–699, title VII, § 704, Aug. 21, 1958, 72 Stat. 698; Pub. L. 87–353, § 3(s), Oct. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 774; Pub. L. 90–19, § 24(a), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 27; Pub. L. 91–468, § 6, Oct. 19, 1970, 84 Stat. 1016; Pub. L. 101–73, title IX, §§ 961(e), 962(a)(7), (8)(A), Aug. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 500, 502; Pub. L. 101–624, title XXIII, § 2303(e), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3981; Pub. L. 101–647, title XVI, § 1603, title XXV, §§ 2504(e), 2595(a)(4), Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4843, 4861, 4907; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330004(6), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2141; Pub. L. 106–78, title VII, § 767, Oct. 22, 1999, 113 Stat. 1174; Pub. L. 110–289, div. A, title II, § 1216(c), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2792; Pub. L. 111–203, title III, § 377(5), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1569.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision Notes
+
+1948 ActBased on sections 1026(b) and 1514(c) of title 7, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Agriculture, sections 264(u), 984, 1121, 1138d(c), 1311, 1441(c), 1467(c) and 1731(c) of title 12, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Banks and Banking, and section 616(c) of title 15, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Commerce and Trade (Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, § 12B(u), as added June 16, 1933, ch. 89, § 8, 48 Stat. 178; July 17, 1916, ch. 245, § 31, fourth par., 39 Stat. 383; July 17, 1916, ch. 245, § 211(a), as added Mar. 4, 1923, ch. 252, § 2, 42 Stat. 1459; Mar. 4, 1923, ch. 252, title II, § 216(a), 42 Stat. 1471; Jan. 22, 1932, ch. 8, § 16(c), 47 Stat. 11; July 22, 1932, ch. 522, § 21(c), 47 Stat. 738; Ex. Ord. No. 6084, Mar. 27, 1933; June 13, 1933, ch. 64, § 8(c), 48 Stat. 135; June 16, 1933, ch. 98, § 64(c), 48 Stat. 268; Jan. 31, 1934, ch. 7, § 13, 48 Stat. 347; June 27, 1934, ch. 847, § 512(c), 48 Stat. 1265; Aug. 23, 1935, ch. 614, § 101, 49 Stat. 701; July 22, 1937, ch. 517, title IV, § 52(b), 50 Stat. 532; Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title V, § 514(c), 52 Stat. 76; Aug. 14, 1946, ch. 964, § 3, 60 Stat. 1064). Each of the eleven sections from which this section was derived contained similar provisions relating to embezzlement, false entries, and fraudulent issuance or assignment of obligations with respect to one or more named agencies or corporations. These were divided and the false entry and fraudulent issuance or assignment of obligation provisions of all, form the basis of this section. The remaining provisions of each section, relating to embezzlement and misapplication, form the basis for section 657 of this title. That portion of said section 616(c) of title 15, relating to disclosure of information, forms the basis for section 1904 of this title. Each revised section condenses and simplifies the constituent provisions without change of substance except as herein indicated. The punishment provisions in each section were the same except that in section 1026(b) of title 7, U.S.C., 1940 ed., and sections 984, 1121, and 1311 of title 12, U.S.C., 1940 ed., the maximum fine was $5,000. This consolidated section adopts the $10,000 maximum fine provided by the seven other sections. References to persons aiding or abetting contained in sections 984, 1121, and 1311 of title 12, U.S.C., 1940 ed., were omitted as unnecessary, as such persons are made principals by section 2 of this title. The term “receiver,” used in sections 1121 and 1311 of title 12, U.S.C., 1940 ed., with reference to Federal intermediate credit banks and agricultural credit corporations, was omitted as this term is undoubtedly embraced in the phrase “or connected in any capacity with.” The term “or of any department or agency of the United States” was inserted in order to clarify the sweeping provisions against fraudulent acts and to eliminate any possible ambiguity as to scope of section. (See definitions of “department” and “agency” in section 6 of this title.) Words “shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor”, contained in section 1311 of title 12, U.S.C., 1940 ed., were omitted as unnecessary, in view of definition of misdemeanor in section 1 of this title. Words “and upon conviction”, contained in section 1311 of title 12, U.S.C., 1940 ed., were omitted as surplusage, because punishment cannot be imposed until after conviction. Words “in any district court of the United States”, contained in section 1311 of title 12, U.S.C., 1940 ed., were omitted as unnecessary, because section 3231 of this title confers jurisdiction on the Federal district courts of all crimes and offenses defined in this title. The conspiracy provisions of section 1138d(f) of title 12, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Banks and Banking, were not added to this consolidated section for reasons stated in reviser’s note under section 493 of this title. (See also reviser’s note under section 371 of this title.)
+
+1949 Act[Section 20] conforms section 1006 of title 18, U.S.C., to administrative practice which in turn was modified to comply with congressional policy. (See note to sec. 11 [of 1949 Act, set out in Historical and Revision Notes under section 657 of this title]).
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments2010—Pub. L. 111–203 struck out “Office of Thrift Supervision,” after “National Credit Union Administration,” and “the Resolution Trust Corporation,” after “the Federal Housing Finance Agency,”. 2008—Pub. L. 110–289 substituted “Federal Housing Finance Agency” for “Federal Housing Finance Board”. 1999—Pub. L. 106–78 inserted “or successor agency” after “Farmers Home Administration” and after “Rural Development Administration”. 1994—Pub. L. 103–322 struck out “Reconstruction Finance Corporation,” after “in any capacity with the” and “Farmers’ Home Corporation,” after “Federal Crop Insurance Corporation,”. 1990—Pub. L. 101–647, § 2595(a)(4), substituted “Office of Thrift Supervision, any Federal home loan bank, the Federal Housing Finance Board, the Resolution Trust Corporation,” for “Home Owners’ Loan Corporation,”, and directed substitution of “institution, other than an insured bank (as defined in section 656), the accounts of which are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation”, for “institution the accounts of which are insured by the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation” which was executed by making the substitution for “institution the accounts of which are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation” to reflect the probable intent of Congress and intervening amendment by Pub. L. 101–647, § 1603, see below. Pub. L. 101–647, § 2504(e), substituted “30” for “20” before “years”. Pub. L. 101–647, § 1603, substituted “Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation” for “Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation”. Pub. L. 101–624 substituted “Farmers Home Administration, the Rural Development Administration” for “Farmers’ Home Administration”. 1989—Pub. L. 101–73, § 962(a)(8)(A), substituted “the Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation, a Farm Credit Bank, a” for “any land bank, intermediate credit bank,”. Pub. L. 101–73, § 962(a)(7), substituted “National Credit Union Administration Board” for “Administrator of the National Credit Union Administration”. Pub. L. 101–73, § 961(e), substituted “$1,000,000” for “$10,000” and “20 years” for “five years”. 1970—Pub. L. 91–468 added National Credit Union Administration and its Administrator to the enumeration of Federal Credit institutions and personnel. 1967—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Department of Housing and Urban Development” for “Federal Housing Administration”. 1961—Pub. L. 87–353 struck out reference to Federal Farm Mortgage Corporation. 1958—Pub. L. 85–699 included officers, agents or employees of or connected in any capacity with small business investment companies. 1956—Act July 28, 1956, included officers, agents or employees of or connected in any capacity with any institution the accounts of which are insured by the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation. 1949—Act May 24, 1949, inserted reference Secretary of Agriculture acting through the Farmers’ Home Administration.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 2010 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 111–203 effective on the transfer date, see section 351 of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as a note under section 906 of Title 2, The Congress.
+
+National Credit Union Administration Establishment as independent agency, membership etc., see section 1752 et seq. of Title 12, Banks and Banking.
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Exceptions From Transfer of Functions Functions of Corporations of Department of Agriculture, boards of directors and officers of such corporations, Advisory Board of Commodity Credit Corporation, and Farm Credit Administration or any agency, officer or entity of, under, or subject to supervision of said Administration excepted from functions of officers, agencies, and employees transferred to Secretary of Agriculture by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1953, § 1, eff. June 4, 1953, 18 F.R. 3219, 67 Stat. 633, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
+
+Farm Credit Administration Establishment of Farm Credit Administration as independent agency, and other changes in status, function, etc., see Ex. Ord. No. 6084, set out prec. section 2241 of Title 12, Banks and Banking. See also section 2001 et seq. of Title 12.

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-47/section-1007.md

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 1007"
+description: "Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation transactions"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "47"
+chapter_name: "FRAUD AND FALSE STATEMENTS"
+section: "1007"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 1007"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s1007"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "d0ddf6175e9d81cd0bbcbe3413173e11e77828ca1f3d0357824670da59002f2b"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "9367a9ebca8629f49d8a5bf821e9ff87eeaa8948e528dd107f79a77a1904cbaa"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 1007 - Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation transactions
+
+## Text
+
+Whoever, for the purpose of influencing in any way the action of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, knowingly makes or invites reliance on a false, forged, or counterfeit statement, document, or thing shall be fined not more than $1,000,000 or imprisoned not more than 30 years, or both.
+
+(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 750; Pub. L. 101–73, title IX, § 961(f), Aug. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 500; Pub. L. 101–647, title XXV, § 2504(f), Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4861; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330002(c), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2140.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision NotesBased on section 264(s) of title 12, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Banks and Banking (Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, § 12B(s), as added June 16, 1933, ch. 89, § 8, 48 Stat. 177; Aug. 23, 1935, ch. 614, § 101, 49 Stat. 700). Words “Federal Deposit Insurance” were inserted before “Corporation” in three places, so as to identify said Corporation, and phrase “under this section” was omitted as no longer applicable, considering transfer of this section to this title. Minor changes were made in phraseology.
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “transactions” for “Transactions” in section catchline. 1990—Pub. L. 101–647 substituted “30” for “20” before “years”. 1989—Pub. L. 101–73 substituted “Transactions” for “transactions” in section catchline and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “Whoever, for the purpose of obtaining any loan from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, or any extension or renewals thereof, or the acceptance, release, or substitution of security therefor, or for the purpose of inducing the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to purchase any assets, or for the purpose of obtaining the payment of any insured deposit or transferred deposit or the allowance, approval, or payment of any claim, or for the purpose of influencing in any way the action of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, makes any statement, knowing it to be false, or willfully overvalues any security, shall be fined not more than $5,000 or imprisoned not more than two years, or both.”

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-47/section-1010.md

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 1010"
+description: "Department of Housing and Urban Development and Federal Housing Administration transactions"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "47"
+chapter_name: "FRAUD AND FALSE STATEMENTS"
+section: "1010"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 1010"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s1010"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "2aaa8b73cece7501f845f67a9525ce299649cd2533562c50674f0c0fa318da75"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "65e7641dfed8f05f725afc7bf3fb2214aae6df7015901634c7323f2728840c76"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 1010 - Department of Housing and Urban Development and Federal Housing Administration transactions
+
+## Text
+
+Whoever, for the purpose of obtaining any loan or advance of credit from any person, partnership, association, or corporation with the intent that such loan or advance of credit shall be offered to or accepted by the Department of Housing and Urban Development for insurance, or for the purpose of obtaining any extension or renewal of any loan, advance of credit, or mortgage insured by such Department, or the acceptance, release, or substitution of any security on such a loan, advance of credit, or for the purpose of influencing in any way the action of such Department, makes, passes, utters, or publishes any statement, knowing the same to be false, or alters, forges, or counterfeits any instrument, paper, or document, or utters, publishes, or passes as true any instrument, paper, or document, knowing it to have been altered, forged, or counterfeited, or willfully overvalues any security, asset, or income, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than two years, or both.
+
+(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 751; Pub. L. 90–19, § 24(c), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 28; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision NotesBased on section 1731(a) of title 12, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Banks and Banking (June 27, 1934, ch. 847, § 512(a), 48 Stat. 1265; Feb. 3, 1938, ch. 13, § 9, 52 Stat. 24). Reference to persons causing or procuring was omitted as unnecessary in view of definition of “principal” in section 2 of this title. “$5,000” was substituted for “$3,000” to make this section more consistent in its punishment provisions with comparable sections. (See section 1008 of this title.) Minor changes in phraseology were made.
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $5,000”. 1967—Pub. L. 90–19 included reference to Department of Housing and Urban Development in section catchline and substituted in text “Department of Housing and Urban Development” for “Federal Housing Administration” and “Department” for “Administration” in two places, respectively.

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-47/section-1011.md

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 1011"
+description: "Federal land bank mortgage transactions"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "47"
+chapter_name: "FRAUD AND FALSE STATEMENTS"
+section: "1011"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 1011"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s1011"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "2f78a336faf2fdb6d82af1f8b794888bc90cd6cec9f4a736cae26eee9d93ddea"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "3e987015c9cb62a5390d61caa1c487dfc41d003cdbf9e7984e13f37f57d8850a"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 1011 - Federal land bank mortgage transactions
+
+## Text
+
+Whoever, being a mortgagee, knowingly makes any false statement in any paper, proposal, or letter, relating to the sale of any mortgage, to any Federal land bank; or Whoever, being an appraiser, willfully over-values any land securing such mortgage— Shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than one year, or both.
+
+(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 751; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision NotesBased on section 987 of title 12, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Banks and Banking (July 17, 1916, ch. 245, § 31, seventh paragraph, as added June 16, 1933, ch. 98, § 78, 48 Stat. 272). Minor changes were made in phraseology.
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $5,000” in last par.

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-47/section-1012.md

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 1012"
+description: "Department of Housing and Urban Development transactions"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "47"
+chapter_name: "FRAUD AND FALSE STATEMENTS"
+section: "1012"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 1012"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s1012"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "a3923d10a04d9d0022d5c0eaead92828f62e28c455e2e3117305f56ab1619fa6"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "718b12fbff1df0105a02c94c0c54cdc7197ec0edbed250fa5476909a46d04bb0"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 1012 - Department of Housing and Urban Development transactions
+
+## Text
+
+Whoever, with intent to defraud, makes any false entry in any book of the Department of Housing and Urban Development or makes any false report or statement to or for such Department; or Whoever receives any compensation, rebate, or reward, with intent to defraud such Department or with intent unlawfully to defeat its purposes; or Whoever induces or influences such Department to purchase or acquire any property or to enter into any contract and willfully fails to disclose any interest which he has in such property or in the property to which such contract relates, or any special benefit which he expects to receive as a result of such contract— Shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than one year, or both.
+
+(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 752; Oct. 31, 1951, ch. 655, § 26, 65 Stat. 720; Pub. L. 90–19, § 24(d), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 28; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(H), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision NotesBased on sections 1423–1425 of title 42, U.S.C., 1940 ed., The Public Health and Welfare (Sept. 1, 1937, ch. 896, §§ 23–25, 50 Stat. 899). Three sections were consolidated with changes of phraseology and arrangement necessary to effect consolidation. Words “upon conviction thereof”, in each section were omitted as surplusage since punishment cannot be imposed until after conviction. The provisions of section 1424 of title 42, U.S.C., 1940 ed., The Public Health and Welfare, relating to conspiracy were omitted as inconsistent with the general conspiracy statute, section 371 of this title, both as to punishment and allegation and proof of an overt act. (See reviser’s note under section 493 of this title.)
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $1,000” in last par. 1967—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Department of Housing and Urban Development” for “Public Housing Administration” in section catchline and text, and “Department” for “Administration” wherever appearing in text. 1951—Act Oct. 31, 1951, substituted “Public Housing Administration” for “United States Housing Authority” in section catchline and text, and “Administration” for “Authority”, wherever appearing in text.

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-47/section-1013.md

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 1013"
+description: "Farm loan bonds and credit bank debentures"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "47"
+chapter_name: "FRAUD AND FALSE STATEMENTS"
+section: "1013"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 1013"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s1013"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "1c1b7659b51d446ae5d246d0a4c9027d791fd8bce01ea97f52e61bad84c9193c"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "c2929b7c7fe8cf6b093894f86f1a7f5fe927eb916cb9bbaf88e59268c1f8b71e"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 1013 - Farm loan bonds and credit bank debentures
+
+## Text
+
+Whoever deceives, defrauds, or imposes upon, or attempts to deceive, defraud, or impose upon any person, partnership, corporation, or association by making any false pretense or representation concerning the character, issue, security, contents, conditions, or terms of any farm loan bond, or coupon, issued by any Federal land bank or banks; or of any debenture, coupon, or other obligation, issued by any Federal intermediate credit bank or banks; or by falsely pretending or representing that any farm loan bond, or coupon, is anything other than, or different from, what it purports to be on the face of said bond or coupon, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than one year, or both.
+
+(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 752; Pub. L. 97–297, § 4(a), Oct. 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 1318; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, §§ 330004(8), 330016(1)(G), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2141, 2147.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision NotesBased on sections 985, 1127, and 1317 of title 12, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Banks and Banking (July 17, 1916, ch. 245, § 31, fifth paragraph, 39 Stat. 384; July 17, 1916, ch. 245, § 211(g), as added Mar. 4, 1923, ch. 252, § 2, 42 Stat. 1461; Mar. 4, 1923, ch. 252, title II, § 216(g), 42 Stat. 1473). This section condenses and simplifies sections 985, 1127, and 1317 of title 12, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Banks and Banking, each of which contained similar provisions and similar language. The punishment provisions of all three sections were the same. References to “chapter” and “subchapter” were omitted and words describing the various types of banks or organizations to which said sections 985, 1127, and 1317 of title 12, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Banks and Banking, related, were inserted in lieu. This necessitated some rephrasing and transposition of phrases, but without change of meaning or substance. Words “upon conviction” which were contained in sections 1127 and 1317 of title 12, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Banks and Banking, were omitted as surplusage, because punishment cannot be imposed until after conviction. Changes were made in phraseology.
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments1994—Pub. L. 103–322, § 330016(1)(G), substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $500”. Pub. L. 103–322, § 330004(8), struck out “, or by any National Agricultural Credit Corporation” after “credit bank or banks”. 1982—Pub. L. 97–297 struck out “, or by any joint-stock land bank or banks” after “issued by any Federal land bank or banks”.

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-47/section-1015.md

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 1015"
+description: "Naturalization, citizenship or alien registry"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "47"
+chapter_name: "FRAUD AND FALSE STATEMENTS"
+section: "1015"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 1015"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s1015"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "49562b82453723cd42b9cf6a8b78a662ddb9c7a59eb7df483fc88d3667777ccb"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "f1be3741d8ac8ed597cc99bd231648b7116014eaf8758075443bac04745be949"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 1015 - Naturalization, citizenship or alien registry
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Whoever knowingly makes any false statement under oath, in any case, proceeding, or matter relating to, or under, or by virtue of any law of the United States relating to naturalization, citizenship, or registry of aliens; or
+
+(b) Whoever knowingly, with intent to avoid any duty or liability imposed or required by law, denies that he has been naturalized or admitted to be a citizen, after having been so naturalized or admitted; or
+
+(c) Whoever uses or attempts to use any certificate of arrival, declaration of intention, certificate of naturalization, certificate of citizenship or other documentary evidence of naturalization or of citizenship, or any duplicate or copy thereof, knowing the same to have been procured by fraud or false evidence or without required appearance or hearing of the applicant in court or otherwise unlawfully obtained; or
+
+(d) Whoever knowingly makes any false certificate, acknowledgment or statement concerning the appearance before him or the taking of an oath or affirmation or the signature, attestation or execution by any person with respect to any application, declaration, petition, affidavit, deposition, certificate of naturalization, certificate of citizenship or other paper or writing required or authorized by the laws relating to immigration, naturalization, citizenship, or registry of aliens; or
+
+(e) Whoever knowingly makes any false statement or claim that he is, or at any time has been, a citizen or national of the United States, with the intent to obtain on behalf of himself, or any other person, any Federal or State benefit or service, or to engage unlawfully in employment in the United States; or
+
+(f) Whoever knowingly makes any false statement or claim that he is a citizen of the United States in order to register to vote or to vote in any Federal, State, or local election (including an initiative, recall, or referendum)—Shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than five years, or both. Subsection (f) does not apply to an alien if each natural parent of the alien (or, in the case of an adopted alien, each adoptive parent of the alien) is or was a citizen (whether by birth or naturalization), the alien permanently resided in the United States prior to attaining the age of 16, and the alien reasonably believed at the time of making the false statement or claim that he or she was a citizen of the United States.
+
+(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 752; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147; Pub. L. 104–208, div. C, title II, § 215, Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–572; Pub. L. 106–395, title II, § 201(d)(2), Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1635.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision NotesBased on subsections (a), paragraphs (1), (16), (17), (19), (32), (b), (d), and (l) of section 746 of title 8, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Aliens and Nationality (Oct. 14, 1940, ch. 876, § 346(a), pars. (1), (16), (17), (19), (32), (b), (d), and (l), 45 Stat. 1163, 1165, 1167). Section consolidates, with minor changes, subsection (a), paragraphs (1), (16), (17), (19), (32), and subsections (b), (d), and (l), of section 746 of title 8, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Aliens and Nationality. Such changes of arrangement and phraseology were made as were appropriate and necessary.
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments2000—Pub. L. 106–395 inserted at end of concluding provisions “Subsection (f) does not apply to an alien if each natural parent of the alien (or, in the case of an adopted alien, each adoptive parent of the alien) is or was a citizen (whether by birth or naturalization), the alien permanently resided in the United States prior to attaining the age of 16, and the alien reasonably believed at the time of making the false statement or claim that he or she was a citizen of the United States.” 1996—Subsecs. (e), (f). Pub. L. 104–208 added subsecs. (e) and (f). 1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $5,000” in concluding par.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 2000 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 106–395 effective as if included in the enactment of section 215 of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996, div. C of Pub. L. 104–208, and applicable to an alien prosecuted on or after Sept. 30, 1996, except in the case of an alien whose criminal proceeding (including judicial review thereof) has been finally concluded before Oct. 30, 2000, see section 201(d)(3) of Pub. L. 106–395, set out as a note under section 611 of this title.

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-47/section-1016.md

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 1016"
+description: "Acknowledgment of appearance or oath"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "47"
+chapter_name: "FRAUD AND FALSE STATEMENTS"
+section: "1016"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 1016"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s1016"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "2eb6c8fd66a82475af98d3b0c0740a2a1791a9044a5f18a518517f9f15c86422"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "556b38bafc7ead63cedd2743e4f3eeb7689a09fd57f16f2d617e1e9487ee66a9"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 1016 - Acknowledgment of appearance or oath
+
+## Text
+
+Whoever, being an officer authorized to administer oaths or to take and certify acknowledgments, knowingly makes any false acknowledgment, certificate, or statement concerning the appearance before him or the taking of an oath or affirmation by any person with respect to any proposal, contract, bond, undertaking, or other matter submitted to, made with, or taken on behalf of the United States or any department or agency thereof, concerning which an oath or affirmation is required by law or lawful regulation, or with respect to the financial standing of any principal, surety, or other party to any such proposal, contract, bond, undertaking, or other instrument, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than two years, or both.
+
+(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 753; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(I), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision NotesBased on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 75 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 31, 35 Stat. 1094). Words “or of any department or agency thereof” were inserted after “United States” so as to remove any ambiguity as to scope of section. (See definitions of “department” and “agency” in section 6 of this title.)
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $2,000”.

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-47/section-1017.md

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 1017"
+description: "Government seals wrongfully used and instruments wrongfully sealed"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "47"
+chapter_name: "FRAUD AND FALSE STATEMENTS"
+section: "1017"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 1017"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s1017"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "76fd1783632cb64948b651d8e07fe94f6382f1908bc978758aacb571c7f9c4cc"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "6a88874d0d02feee86a6bd579cac039293ccaa6b44a325dc2cb5b36ead1615d2"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 1017 - Government seals wrongfully used and instruments wrongfully sealed
+
+## Text
+
+Whoever fraudulently or wrongfully affixes or impresses the seal of any department or agency of the United States, to or upon any certificate, instrument, commission, document, or paper or with knowledge of its fraudulent character, with wrongful or fraudulent intent, uses, buys, procures, sells, or transfers to another any such certificate, instrument, commission, document, or paper, to which or upon which said seal has been so fraudulently affixed or impressed, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.
+
+(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 753; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision NotesBased on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 130 (June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title X, § 1, 40 Stat. 227). To clarify scope of section and in view of definition of department or agency in section 6 of this title, words “department or agency” were substituted for “executive department, or of any bureau, commission, or office”. Slight verbal changes were also made.
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $5,000”.

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-47/section-1018.md

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 1018"
+description: "Official certificates or writings"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "47"
+chapter_name: "FRAUD AND FALSE STATEMENTS"
+section: "1018"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 1018"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s1018"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "2d308a8faa1f08fb36f76f00c99d410346a4672c28ebe85b39d275f8f4545630"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "531c03c32d2161cfa5e069006b5ee02d45eed61c034cb9f45858f4cf978e08a7"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 1018 - Official certificates or writings
+
+## Text
+
+Whoever, being a public officer or other person authorized by any law of the United States to make or give a certificate or other writing, knowingly makes and delivers as true such a certificate or writing, containing any statement which he knows to be false, in a case where the punishment thereof is not elsewhere expressly provided by law, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than one year, or both.
+
+(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 753; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(G), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision NotesBased on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 195 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 106, 35 Stat. 1107). Minor changes were made in phraseology.
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $500”.

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-47/section-1019.md

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 1019"
+description: "Certificates by consular officers"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "47"
+chapter_name: "FRAUD AND FALSE STATEMENTS"
+section: "1019"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 1019"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s1019"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "5c5c555a00adf1680a456b005dd58db3581c1ac77e7d02a54d7c17cbde551420"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "a101c44012190cba9dbbcae097edee9c5065cc05790344bb42e961de48e00211"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 1019 - Certificates by consular officers
+
+## Text
+
+Whoever, being a consul, or vice consul, or other person employed in the consular service of the United States, knowingly certifies falsely to any invoice, or other paper, to which his certificate is authorized or required by law, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than three years, or both.
+
+(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 753; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(L), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision NotesBased on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 127 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 70, 35 Stat. 1101). Mandatory punishment provision was rephrased in the alternative. Changes were made in phraseology.
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $10,000”.

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-47/section-1020.md

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 1020"
+description: "Highway projects"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "47"
+chapter_name: "FRAUD AND FALSE STATEMENTS"
+section: "1020"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 1020"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s1020"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "a37cd68f82666b1636762452d7afd06a954fca23f2b37865c36f09d3783b3a93"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "3c79b294245e1c8e46643aece9f5636ea3826136cd996029c691852c06b92cc6"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 1020 - Highway projects
+
+## Text
+
+Whoever, being an officer, agent, or employee of the United States, or of any State or Territory, or whoever, whether a person, association, firm, or corporation, knowingly makes any false statement, false representation, or false report as to the character, quality, quantity, or cost of the material used or to be used, or the quantity or quality of the work performed or to be performed, or the costs thereof in connection with the submission of plans, maps, specifications, contracts, or costs of construction of any highway or related project submitted for approval to the Secretary of Transportation; or Whoever knowingly makes any false statement, false representation, false report, or false claim with respect to the character, quality, quantity, or cost of any work performed or to be performed, or materials furnished or to be furnished, in connection with the construction of any highway or related project approved by the Secretary of Transportation; or Whoever knowingly makes any false statement or false representation as to a material fact in any statement, certificate, or report submitted pursuant to the provisions of the Federal-Aid Road Act approved July 11, 1916 (39 Stat. 355), as amended and supplemented, Shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.
+
+(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 753; Oct. 31, 1951, ch. 655, § 27, 65 Stat. 721; May 6, 1954, ch. 181, § 18, 68 Stat. 76; Pub. L. 89–670, § 10(f), Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 948; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(L), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision NotesBased on section 46 of title 23, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Highways (June 19, 1922, ch. 227, § 4, par. 6, 42 Stat. 661). Words “highway, or related,” were inserted before “project” in two places for the purpose of description, in view of transfer from title 23. Words “upon conviction thereof” were omitted as surplusage, because punishment cannot be imposed until a conviction is secured. Changes in phraseology were made.
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThe Federal-Aid Road Act approved July 11, 1916 (39 Stat. 355), referred to in text, is act July 11, 1916, ch. 241, 39 Stat. 355, which was repealed by Pub. L. 85–767, § 2(1), Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 919. See section 101 et seq. of Title 23, Highways.
+
+Amendments1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $10,000” in last par. 1966—Pub. L. 89–670 substituted “Secretary of Transportation” for “Secretary of Commerce” wherever appearing. 1954—Act May 6, 1954, substituted in second par. “with respect to the character, quality, quantity, or cost of any work performed or to be performed, or materials furnished or to be furnished, in connection with the construction” for “for work or materials for the construction”; and in third par. substituted “as to a material fact in any statement, certificate, or report submitted pursuant to the provisions of the Federal-Aid Road Act approved July 11, 1916 (39 Stat. 355), as amended and supplemented” for “in any report required under Title 23, with intent to defraud the United States”. 1951—Act Oct. 31, 1951, substituted “Secretary of Commerce” for “Secretary of Agriculture” in first and second pars.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 1966 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 89–670 effective Apr. 1, 1967, as prescribed by President and published in Federal Register, see section 16(a), formerly § 15(a), of Pub. L. 89–670 and Ex. Ord. No. 11340, Mar. 30, 1967, 32 F.R. 5453.
+
+Statutory Notes and Executive Documents
+
+Transfer of Functions The Bureau of Public Roads, which is the principal road building agency of the Federal Government, and which was formerly under the Department of Agriculture, was redesignated the Public Roads Administration and, with its functions, transferred to the Federal Works Agency, and the functions of the Secretary of Agriculture, with respect thereto, were transferred to the Federal Works Administrator, by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1939, §§ 301, 302, eff. July 1, 1939, 4 F.R. 2727, 53 Stat. 1426, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. Act June 30, 1949, ch. 288, title I, § 103, 63 Stat. 380, (see Historical and Revision Notes under section 303(b) of Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works), abolished the Federal Works Agency, transferred its functions, the functions of all agencies thereof, the functions of the Federal Works Administrator, and the functions of the Commissioner of Public Roads, to the Administrator of General Services, and transferred the Public Roads Administration, which it redesignated the Bureau of Public Roads, to the General Services Administration. Reorg. Plan No. 7 of 1949, eff. Aug. 19, 1949, 14 F.R. 5228, 63 Stat. 1070, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, transferred such bureau and its functions and personnel to the Department of Commerce, and transferred the functions of the Administrator of General Services, with respect thereto, to the Secretary of Commerce, to be performed by him or, subject to his direction and control, by such officers, employees and agencies of the Department of Commerce as he should designate. Reorg. Plan No. 5 of 1950, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3174, 64 Stat. 1263, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, transferred, with certain exceptions not applicable to this section, all functions of all other officers of the Department of Commerce, and all functions of all agencies and employees of such Department, to the Secretary of Commerce, with power vested in him to authorize their performance, or the performance of any of his functions, by any of such other officers, or by any agency or employee of the Department of Commerce. Section 303(b) of Title 40 was amended generally by Pub. L. 109–313, § 2(a)(1), Oct. 6, 2006, 120 Stat. 1734, and, as so amended, no longer relates to the Federal Works Agency and Commissioner of Public Buildings. See 2006 Amendment note under section 303 of Title 40.

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-47/section-1021.md

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 1021"
+description: "Title records"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "47"
+chapter_name: "FRAUD AND FALSE STATEMENTS"
+section: "1021"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 1021"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s1021"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "2f39d4dd0ad4edfd9b8ee0d5a31cd36c9b55ac615ec4a05db78a556aa12b90b4"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "d9d1347ca32e076cae346eeface6f05dc02bbfae465c82f6ff7d312c1bddca01"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 1021 - Title records
+
+## Text
+
+Whoever, being an officer or other person authorized by any law of the United States to record a conveyance of real property or any other instrument which by such law may be recorded, knowingly certifies falsely that such conveyance or instrument has or has not been recorded, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.
+
+(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 754; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(H), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision NotesBased on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 194 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 105, 35 Stat. 1107). Words “five years” were substituted for “seven years” as more in conformity with comparable sections of this chapter. Minor change was made in phraseology.
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $1,000”.

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-47/section-1022.md

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 1022"
+description: "Delivery of certificate, voucher, receipt for military or naval property"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "47"
+chapter_name: "FRAUD AND FALSE STATEMENTS"
+section: "1022"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 1022"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s1022"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "7d07fb8e794d8eb4af37be12789efb5f018afae20965524ec83580446489a93c"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "44cc2f840d18c5bd34b2bcf37dfb85e18e03e613223f241152aa5c94685df9d1"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 1022 - Delivery of certificate, voucher, receipt for military or naval property
+
+## Text
+
+Whoever, being authorized to make or deliver any certificate, voucher, receipt, or other paper certifying the receipt of arms, ammunition, provisions, clothing, or other property used or to be used in the military or naval service, makes or delivers the same to any other person without a full knowledge of the truth of the facts stated therein and with intent to defraud the United States, or any agency thereof, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both.
+
+(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 754; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(L), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision NotesBased on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 84 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 35, 35 Stat. 1095; Oct. 23, 1918, ch. 194, 40 Stat. 1015; June 18, 1934, ch. 587, 48 Stat. 996; Apr. 4, 1938, ch. 69, 52 Stat. 197). Word “agency” was substituted for “department” so as to eliminate any possible ambiguity as to scope of section. (See definitions of “department” and “agency” in section 6 of this title.) Words “or any corporation in which the United States of America is a stockholder” were omitted as unnecessary in view of definition of “agency” in section 6 of this title. Minor changes were made in phraseology.
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $10,000”.

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-47/section-1023.md

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 1023"
+description: "Insufficient delivery of money or property for military or naval service"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "47"
+chapter_name: "FRAUD AND FALSE STATEMENTS"
+section: "1023"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 1023"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s1023"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "327fd74f4c930019b0d0f174ee4e0e6c645646048050239be3ef6e3046565be7"
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+text_hash: "9f3cd17ed3a3dc5f98f8e63021450e6d49e4bf5778ac35aa92f160c513b872ab"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 1023 - Insufficient delivery of money or property for military or naval service
+
+## Text
+
+Whoever, having charge, possession, custody, or control of any money or other public property used or to be used in the military or naval service, with intent to defraud the United States, or any agency thereof, or any corporation in which the United States has a proprietary interest, or intending to conceal such money or other property, delivers to any person having authority to receive the same any amount of such money or other property less than that for which he received a certificate or took a receipt, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both.
+
+(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 754; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(L), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision NotesBased on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 85 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 35, 35 Stat. 1095; Oct. 23, 1918, ch. 194, 40 Stat. 1015; June 18, 1934, ch. 587, 48 Stat. 996; Apr. 4, 1938, ch. 69, 52 Stat. 197). Word “agency” was substituted for “department” so as to eliminate any possible ambiguity as to scope of section. (See definitions of “department” and “agency” in section 6 of this title.) Reference to persons causing or procuring was omitted as unnecessary in view of definition of “principal” in section 2 of this title. Minor changes were made in phraseology.
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $10,000”.

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-47/section-1024.md

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 1024"
+description: "Purchase or receipt of military, naval, or veteran’s facilities property"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "47"
+chapter_name: "FRAUD AND FALSE STATEMENTS"
+section: "1024"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 1024"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s1024"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "da75c79ef0f7e9a62a3d4cea01a0d4ffa7713d88b1d2ab736559f43b83a9dc88"
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+text_hash: "557257e35e6892ea94bdbf2e5e3f886979bfec4da54107cb707402b4b479a0d2"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 1024 - Purchase or receipt of military, naval, or veteran’s facilities property
+
+## Text
+
+Whoever purchases, or receives in pledge from any person any arms, equipment, ammunition, clothing, military stores, or other property furnished by the United States under a clothing allowance or otherwise, to any member of the Armed Forces of the United States or of the National Guard or Naval Militia, or to any person accompanying, serving, or retained with the land or naval forces and subject to military or naval law, or to any former member of such Armed Forces at or by any hospital, home, or facility maintained by the United States, having knowledge or reason to believe that the property has been taken from the possession of or furnished by the United States under such allowance, or otherwise, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than two years, or both.
+
+(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 754; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(G), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision NotesBased on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 86 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 35, 35 Stat. 1095; Oct. 23, 1918, ch. 194, 40 Stat. 1015; June 18, 1934, ch. 587, 48 Stat. 996; Apr. 4, 1938, ch. 69, 52 Stat. 197; Apr. 30, 1940, ch. 164, 54 Stat. 171). Minor changes were made in phraseology.
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $500”.

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-47/section-1025.md

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 1025"
+description: "False pretenses on high seas and other waters"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "47"
+chapter_name: "FRAUD AND FALSE STATEMENTS"
+section: "1025"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 1025"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s1025"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "2bdbf67709a9e35b293a4c2b548103362fb37381b216882ad01bd008ab14368d"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "fedeb867d93ff3ed9136cb4f956c17e3a82cb1cec20c8e4164ecf5369c35c885"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 1025 - False pretenses on high seas and other waters
+
+## Text
+
+Whoever, upon any waters or vessel within the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States, by any fraud, or false pretense, obtains from any person anything of value, or procures the execution and delivery of any instrument of writing or conveyance of real or personal property, or the signature of any person, as maker, endorser, or guarantor, to or upon any bond, bill, receipt, promissory note, draft, or check, or any other evidence of indebtedness, or fraudulently sells, barters, or disposes of any bond, bill, receipt, promissory note, draft, or check, or other evidence of indebtedness, for value, knowing the same to be worthless, or knowing the signature of the maker, endorser, or guarantor thereof to have been obtained by any false pretenses, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than five years, or both; but if the amount, value or the face value of anything so obtained does not exceed $1,000, he shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than one year, or both.
+
+(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 755; May 24, 1949, ch. 139, § 22, 63 Stat. 92; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(H), (K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147; Pub. L. 104–294, title VI, § 606(a), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3511.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision Notes
+
+1948 ActBased on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 467a (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 288A, as added Aug. 5, 1939, ch. 434, 53 Stat. 1205). Words “upon any waters or vessel within the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States” were substituted for “upon the high seas or on any waters within the admiralty and maritime jurisdiction of the United States and out of the jurisdiction of any particular State, or within the admiralty and maritime jurisdiction of the United States and out of the jurisdiction of any particular State on board any vessel belonging in whole or in part to the United States or any citizen thereof or to any corporation created by or under the laws of the United States, or of any State, Territory, or District thereof”, near beginning of section. The deleted words are not necessary in view of definitive section 7 of this title. Words “whatsoever with intent to defraud” were omitted as being included in the preceding term “false pretenses”. The punishment provision was revised to include a misdemeanor punishment (not more than $1,000 or one year, or both) where the offense involves $100 or less. (See reviser’s notes under sections 641 and 645 of this title.)
+
+1949 ActThis section [section 22] corrects a typographical error in section 1025 of title 18, U.S.C.
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments1996—Pub. L. 104–294 substituted “$1,000” for “$100”. 1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $5,000” after “pretenses, shall be” and for “fined not more than $1,000” after “he shall be”. 1949—Act May 24, 1949, corrected spelling of “pretense”.

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-47/section-1026.md

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 1026"
+description: "Compromise, adjustment, or cancellation of farm indebtedness"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "47"
+chapter_name: "FRAUD AND FALSE STATEMENTS"
+section: "1026"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 1026"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s1026"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "d0ee895573dfcefa938652107a6b756515a336397f634c021bd40ba667228579"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "8a50a2e7c4c5ffb814910a1142415722cf91285f1049d04695a76ffad7c4ed5c"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 1026 - Compromise, adjustment, or cancellation of farm indebtedness
+
+## Text
+
+Whoever knowingly makes any false statement for the purpose of influencing in any way the action of the Secretary of Agriculture, or of any person acting under his authority, in connection with any compromise, adjustment, or cancellation of any farm indebtedness as provided by sections 1150, 1150a, and 1150b of Title 12, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than one year, or both.
+
+(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 755; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(H), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision NotesBased on section 1150c(a) of title 12, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Banks and Banking (Dec. 20, 1944, ch. 623, § 4(a), 58 Stat. 837). Words “of Agriculture” were inserted after “Secretary” for reasons of identification. Words “upon conviction thereof” were omitted as surplusage, since punishment can not be imposed until after conviction. Other changes were made in phraseology without change of substance.
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $1,000”.

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-47/section-1027.md

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 1027"
+description: "False statements and concealment of facts in relation to documents required by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "47"
+chapter_name: "FRAUD AND FALSE STATEMENTS"
+section: "1027"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 1027"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s1027"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "8180082bd4e4de6cfab19a0f51ea270367c8424be4dbfcc0aeb919e0ae9d5176"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "b97def836b2bc6d6659b5e282c841e623f9528b24a9c4520ad8d0cd6c4ac3411"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 1027 - False statements and concealment of facts in relation to documents required by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974
+
+## Text
+
+Whoever, in any document required by title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (as amended from time to time) to be published, or kept as part of the records of any employee welfare benefit plan or employee pension benefit plan, or certified to the administrator of any such plan, makes any false statement or representation of fact, knowing it to be false, or knowingly conceals, covers up, or fails to disclose any fact the disclosure of which is required by such title or is necessary to verify, explain, clarify or check for accuracy and completeness any report required by such title to be published or any information required by such title to be certified, shall be fined under this title, or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.
+
+(Added Pub. L. 87–420, § 17(c), Mar. 20, 1962, 76 Stat. 42; amended Pub. L. 93–406, title I, § 112(a)(2)(B)(i), (ii), formerly § 111(a)(2)(B)(i), (ii), Sept. 2, 1974, 88 Stat. 851, renumbered § 112(a)(2)(B)(i), (ii), Pub. L. 117–328, div. T, title III, § 320(a)(1), Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5354; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(L), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThe Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 93–406, Sept. 2, 1974, 88 Stat. 829. Title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 is classified generally to subchapter I (§ 1001 et seq.) of chapter 18 of Title 29, Labor. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1001 of Title 29 and Tables.
+
+Amendments1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $10,000”. 1974—Pub. L. 93–406, § 112(a)(2)(A)(i), (ii), formerly § 111(a)(2)(A)(i), (ii), as renumbered by Pub. L. 117–328, substituted “Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974” for “Welfare and Pension Plans Disclosure Act” in section catchline, and “title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974” and “title” for “the Welfare and Pension Plans Disclosure Act” and “Act”, respectively, in text.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 2022 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 117–328 applicable to plan years beginning after Dec. 31, 2022, see section 320(c) of Pub. L. 117–328, set out as a note under section 414 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.
+
+Effective Date of 1974 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 93–406 effective Jan. 1, 1975, except as provided in section 1031(b)(2) of Title 29, Labor, see section 1031(b)(1) of Title 29.
+
+Effective DateSection effective 90 days after Mar. 20, 1962, see section 19 of Pub. L. 87–420, set out as a note under section 664 of this title.

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-47/section-1028a.md

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 1028A"
+description: "Aggravated identity theft"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "47"
+chapter_name: "FRAUD AND FALSE STATEMENTS"
+section: "1028A"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 1028A"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s1028A"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "37212e563b9a9dd1930cb75b21bfcffc011326efb440f88f78eac3b3ffc356e1"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "248dd3eb8594fc3f5425a9977b4ecbdb447e7bc0f415f98d36a5de6d40e856ce"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 1028A - Aggravated identity theft
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Offenses.— (1) In general.— Whoever, during and in relation to any felony violation enumerated in subsection (c), knowingly transfers, possesses, or uses, without lawful authority, a means of identification of another person shall, in addition to the punishment provided for such felony, be sentenced to a term of imprisonment of 2 years.
+
+(2) Terrorism offense.— Whoever, during and in relation to any felony violation enumerated in section 2332b(g)(5)(B), knowingly transfers, possesses, or uses, without lawful authority, a means of identification of another person or a false identification document shall, in addition to the punishment provided for such felony, be sentenced to a term of imprisonment of 5 years.
+
+(b) Consecutive Sentence.— Notwithstanding any other provision of law—
+
+(1) a court shall not place on probation any person convicted of a violation of this section;
+
+(2) except as provided in paragraph (4), no term of imprisonment imposed on a person under this section shall run concurrently with any other term of imprisonment imposed on the person under any other provision of law, including any term of imprisonment imposed for the felony during which the means of identification was transferred, possessed, or used;
+
+(3) in determining any term of imprisonment to be imposed for the felony during which the means of identification was transferred, possessed, or used, a court shall not in any way reduce the term to be imposed for such crime so as to compensate for, or otherwise take into account, any separate term of imprisonment imposed or to be imposed for a violation of this section; and
+
+(4) a term of imprisonment imposed on a person for a violation of this section may, in the discretion of the court, run concurrently, in whole or in part, only with another term of imprisonment that is imposed by the court at the same time on that person for an additional violation of this section, provided that such discretion shall be exercised in accordance with any applicable guidelines and policy statements issued by the Sentencing Commission pursuant to section 994 of title 28.
+
+(c) Definition.— For purposes of this section, the term “felony violation enumerated in subsection (c)” means any offense that is a felony violation of—
+
+(1) section 641 (relating to theft of public money, property, or rewards 11 So in original. Probably should be “records”.), section 656 (relating to theft, embezzlement, or misapplication by bank officer or employee), or section 664 (relating to theft from employee benefit plans);
+
+(2) section 911 (relating to false personation of citizenship);
+
+(3) section 922(a)(6) (relating to false statements in connection with the acquisition of a firearm);
+
+(4) any provision contained in this chapter (relating to fraud and false statements), other than this section or section 1028(a)(7);
+
+(5) any provision contained in chapter 63 (relating to mail, bank, and wire fraud);
+
+(6) any provision contained in chapter 69 (relating to nationality and citizenship);
+
+(7) any provision contained in chapter 75 (relating to passports and visas);
+
+(8) section 523 of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (15 U.S.C. 6823) (relating to obtaining customer information by false pretenses);
+
+(9) section 243 or 266 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1253 and 1306) (relating to willfully failing to leave the United States after deportation and creating a counterfeit alien registration card);
+
+(10) any provision contained in chapter 8 of title II of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1321 et seq.) (relating to various immigration offenses); or
+
+(11) section 208, 811, 1107(b), 1128B(a), or 1632 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 408, 1011, 1307(b), 1320a–7b(a), and 1383a) (relating to false statements relating to programs under the Act).
+
+(Added Pub. L. 108–275, § 2(a), July 15, 2004, 118 Stat. 831.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThe Immigration and Nationality Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(10), is act June 27, 1952, ch. 477, 66 Stat. 163. Chapter 8 of title II of the Act is classified generally to part VIII (§ 1321 et seq.) of subchapter II of chapter 12 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1101 of Title 8 and Tables. The Social Security Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(11), is act Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620, which is classified generally to chapter 7 (§ 301 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1305 of Title 42 and Tables.

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-47/section-1031.md

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 1031"
+description: "Major fraud against the United States"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "47"
+chapter_name: "FRAUD AND FALSE STATEMENTS"
+section: "1031"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 1031"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s1031"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "f8bba1e9ba5a946739b6f35040a7806a014c2624ebcfe8ba2d6005b9ec29725a"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "54249357be546d218d241494f5dd7a1fdd90f2513868ecfea7cee9877e32f9ad"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 1031 - Major fraud against the United States
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Whoever knowingly executes, or attempts to execute, any scheme or artifice with the intent—
+
+(1) to defraud the United States; or
+
+(2) to obtain money or property by means of false or fraudulent pretenses, representations, or promises,
+
+in any grant, contract, subcontract, subsidy, loan, guarantee, insurance, or other form of Federal assistance, including through the Troubled Asset Relief Program, an economic stimulus, recovery or rescue plan provided by the Government, or the Government’s purchase of any troubled asset as defined in the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, or in any procurement of property or services as a prime contractor with the United States or as a subcontractor or supplier on a contract in which there is a prime contract with the United States, if the value of such grant, contract, subcontract, subsidy, loan, guarantee, insurance, or other form of Federal assistance, or any constituent part thereof, is $1,000,000 or more shall, subject to the applicability of subsection (c) of this section, be fined not more than $1,000,000, or imprisoned not more than 10 years, or both.
+
+(b) The fine imposed for an offense under this section may exceed the maximum otherwise provided by law, if such fine does not exceed $5,000,000 and—
+
+(1) the gross loss to the Government or the gross gain to a defendant is $500,000 or greater; or
+
+(2) the offense involves a conscious or reckless risk of serious personal injury.
+
+(c) The maximum fine imposed upon a defendant for a prosecution including a prosecution with multiple counts under this section shall not exceed $10,000,000.
+
+(d) Nothing in this section shall preclude a court from imposing any other sentences available under this title, including without limitation a fine up to twice the amount of the gross loss or gross gain involved in the offense pursuant to 18 U.S.C. section 3571(d).
+
+(e) In determining the amount of the fine, the court shall consider the factors set forth in 18 U.S.C. sections 3553 and 3572, and the factors set forth in the guidelines and policy statements of the United States Sentencing Commission, including—
+
+(1) the need to reflect the seriousness of the offense, including the harm or loss to the victim and the gain to the defendant;
+
+(2) whether the defendant previously has been fined for a similar offense; and
+
+(3) any other pertinent equitable considerations.
+
+(f) A prosecution of an offense under this section may be commenced any time not later than 7 years after the offense is committed, plus any additional time otherwise allowed by law.
+
+(g) (1) In special circumstances and in his or her sole discretion, the Attorney General is authorized to make payments from funds appropriated to the Department of Justice to persons who furnish information relating to a possible prosecution under this section. The amount of such payment shall not exceed $250,000. Upon application by the Attorney General, the court may order that the Department shall be reimbursed for a payment from a criminal fine imposed under this section.
+
+(2) An individual is not eligible for such a payment if—
+
+(A) that individual is an officer or employee of a Government agency who furnishes information or renders service in the performance of official duties;
+
+(B) that individual failed to furnish the information to the individual’s employer prior to furnishing it to law enforcement authorities, unless the court determines the individual has justifiable reasons for that failure;
+
+(C) the furnished information is based upon public disclosure of allegations or transactions in a criminal, civil, or administrative hearing, in a congressional, administrative, or GAO report, hearing, audit or investigation, or from the news media unless the person is the original source of the information. For the purposes of this subsection, “original source” means an individual who has direct and independent knowledge of the information on which the allegations are based and has voluntarily provided the information to the Government; or
+
+(D) that individual participated in the violation of this section with respect to which such payment would be made.
+
+(3) The failure of the Attorney General to authorize a payment shall not be subject to judicial review.
+
+(h) Any individual who—
+
+(1) is discharged, demoted, suspended, threatened, harassed, or in any other manner discriminated against in the terms and conditions of employment by an employer because of lawful acts done by the employee on behalf of the employee or others in furtherance of a prosecution under this section (including investigation for, initiation of, testimony for, or assistance in such prosecution), and
+
+(2) was not a participant in the unlawful activity that is the subject of said prosecution, may, in a civil action, obtain all relief necessary to make such individual whole. Such relief shall include reinstatement with the same seniority status such individual would have had but for the discrimination, 2 times the amount of back pay, interest on the back pay, and compensation for any special damages sustained as a result of the discrimination, including litigation costs and reasonable attorney’s fees.
+
+(Added Pub. L. 100–700, § 2(a), Nov. 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 4631; amended Pub. L. 101–123, § 2(a), Oct. 23, 1989, 103 Stat. 759; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330002(a), (f), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2140; Pub. L. 111–21, § 2(d), May 20, 2009, 123 Stat. 1618.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThe Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, referred to in subsec. (a), is div. A of Pub. L. 110–343, Oct. 3, 2008, 122 Stat. 3765, which is classified principally to chapter 52 (§ 5201 et seq.) of Title 12, Banks and Banking. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5201 of Title 12 and Tables.
+
+Amendments2009—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 111–21, in concluding provisions, inserted “any grant, contract, subcontract, subsidy, loan, guarantee, insurance, or other form of Federal assistance, including through the Troubled Asset Relief Program, an economic stimulus, recovery or rescue plan provided by the Government, or the Government’s purchase of any troubled asset as defined in the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, or in” before “any procurement”, substituted “such grant, contract, subcontract, subsidy, loan, guarantee, insurance, or other form of Federal assistance” for “the contract, subcontract”, and struck out “for such property or services” before “is $1,000,000”. 1994—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 103–322, § 330002(f), redesignated second subsec. (g) as (h). Subsec. (g)(2)(A). Pub. L. 103–322, § 330002(a), substituted “a Government” for “a government”. Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 103–322, § 330002(f), redesignated second subsec. (g) as (h). 1989—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 101–123 added, after subsec. (f), subsec. (g) relating to payments by the Attorney General.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 1989 AmendmentPub. L. 101–123, § 2(b), Oct. 23, 1989, 103 Stat. 759, provided that: “The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to contracts entered into on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 23, 1989].”

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-47/section-1032.md

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 1032"
+description: "Concealment of assets from conservator, receiver, or liquidating agent"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "47"
+chapter_name: "FRAUD AND FALSE STATEMENTS"
+section: "1032"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 1032"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s1032"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "4331d405e494c8a9458c495161ec0e7a6bbaeddeb33f2eca855d3a61751f6ea5"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "31e9c8633db05fad286af10a159a4a650f6977e743726c8819bb8f292e1005b7"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 1032 - Concealment of assets from conservator, receiver, or liquidating agent
+
+## Text
+
+Whoever—
+
+(1) knowingly conceals or endeavors to conceal an asset or property from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, acting as conservator or receiver or in the Corporation’s corporate capacity with respect to any asset acquired or liability assumed by the Corporation under section 11, 12, or 13 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act, any conservator appointed by the Comptroller of the Currency, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation acting as receiver for a covered financial company, in accordance with title II of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, or the National Credit Union Administration Board, acting as conservator or liquidating agent;
+
+(2) corruptly impedes or endeavors to impede the functions of such Corporation, Board, or conservator; or
+
+(3) corruptly places or endeavors to place an asset or property beyond the reach of such Corporation, Board, or conservator,
+
+shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both.
+
+(Added Pub. L. 101–647, title XXV, § 2501(a), Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4859; amended Pub. L. 107–273, div. B, title IV, § 4002(b)(13), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1808; Pub. L. 111–203, title II, § 211(a), (b), title III, § 377(7), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1514, 1569.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextSections 11, 12, and 13 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act, referred to in par. (1), are classified to sections 1821, 1822, and 1823, respectively, of Title 12, Banks and Banking. The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, referred to in par. (1), is Pub. L. 111–203, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1376. Title II of the Act is classified principally to subchapter II (§ 5381 et seq.) of chapter 53 of Title 12, Banks and Banking. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5301 of Title 12 and Tables.
+
+Amendments2010—Pub. L. 111–203, § 211(b), struck out “of financial institution” after “agent” in section catchline. Par. (1). Pub. L. 111–203, § 377(7), struck out “the Resolution Trust Corporation,” after “Federal Deposit Insurance Act,” and “or the Director of the Office of Thrift Supervision” after “Comptroller of the Currency”. Pub. L. 111–203, § 211(a), inserted “the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation acting as receiver for a covered financial company, in accordance with title II of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act,” before “or the National Credit”. 2002—Par. (1). Pub. L. 107–273 substituted “13” for “13,”.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 2010 AmendmentAmendment by section 211(a), (b) of Pub. L. 111–203 effective 1 day after July 21, 2010, except as otherwise provided, see section 4 of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as an Effective Date note under section 5301 of Title 12, Banks and Banking. Amendment by section 377(7) of Pub. L. 111–203 effective on the transfer date, see section 351 of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as a note under section 906 of Title 2, The Congress.

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-47/section-1033.md

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 1033"
+description: "Crimes by or affecting persons engaged in the business of insurance whose activities affect interstate commerce"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "47"
+chapter_name: "FRAUD AND FALSE STATEMENTS"
+section: "1033"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 1033"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s1033"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "29ccfbf6757ee0bd26d628ec63d25823f104b12bdd3740efaf871914f6d17d88"
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+text_hash: "a9db90297b5773285f81279044a397fbadfba284710217440f9e3f538cfa5ede"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 1033 - Crimes by or affecting persons engaged in the business of insurance whose activities affect interstate commerce
+
+## Text
+
+(a) (1) Whoever is engaged in the business of insurance whose activities affect interstate commerce and knowingly, with the intent to deceive, makes any false material statement or report or willfully and materially overvalues any land, property or security—
+
+(A) in connection with any financial reports or documents presented to any insurance regulatory official or agency or an agent or examiner appointed by such official or agency to examine the affairs of such person, and
+
+(B) for the purpose of influencing the actions of such official or agency or such an appointed agent or examiner,
+
+shall be punished as provided in paragraph (2).
+
+(2) The punishment for an offense under paragraph (1) is a fine as established under this title or imprisonment for not more than 10 years, or both, except that the term of imprisonment shall be not more than 15 years if the statement or report or overvaluing of land, property, or security jeopardized the safety and soundness of an insurer and was a significant cause of such insurer being placed in conservation, rehabilitation, or liquidation by an appropriate court.
+
+(b) (1) Whoever—
+
+(A) acting as, or being an officer, director, agent, or employee of, any person engaged in the business of insurance whose activities affect interstate commerce, or
+
+(B) is engaged in the business of insurance whose activities affect interstate commerce or is involved (other than as an insured or beneficiary under a policy of insurance) in a transaction relating to the conduct of affairs of such a business,
+
+willfully embezzles, abstracts, purloins, or misappropriates any of the moneys, funds, premiums, credits, or other property of such person so engaged shall be punished as provided in paragraph (2).
+
+(2) The punishment for an offense under paragraph (1) is a fine as provided under this title or imprisonment for not more than 10 years, or both, except that if such embezzlement, abstraction, purloining, or misappropriation described in paragraph (1) jeopardized the safety and soundness of an insurer and was a significant cause of such insurer being placed in conservation, rehabilitation, or liquidation by an appropriate court, such imprisonment shall be not more than 15 years. If the amount or value so embezzled, abstracted, purloined, or misappropriated does not exceed $5,000, whoever violates paragraph (1) shall be fined as provided in this title or imprisoned not more than one year, or both.
+
+(c) (1) Whoever is engaged in the business of insurance and whose activities affect interstate commerce or is involved (other than as an insured or beneficiary under a policy of insurance) in a transaction relating to the conduct of affairs of such a business, knowingly makes any false entry of material fact in any book, report, or statement of such person engaged in the business of insurance with intent to deceive any person, including any officer, employee, or agent of such person engaged in the business of insurance, any insurance regulatory official or agency, or any agent or examiner appointed by such official or agency to examine the affairs of such person, about the financial condition or solvency of such business shall be punished as provided in paragraph (2).
+
+(2) The punishment for an offense under paragraph (1) is a fine as provided under this title or imprisonment for not more than 10 years, or both, except that if the false entry in any book, report, or statement of such person jeopardized the safety and soundness of an insurer and was a significant cause of such insurer being placed in conservation, rehabilitation, or liquidation by an appropriate court, such imprisonment shall be not more than 15 years.
+
+(d) Whoever, by threats or force or by any threatening letter or communication, corruptly influences, obstructs, or impedes or endeavors corruptly to influence, obstruct, or impede the due and proper administration of the law under which any proceeding involving the business of insurance whose activities affect interstate commerce is pending before any insurance regulatory official or agency or any agent or examiner appointed by such official or agency to examine the affairs of a person engaged in the business of insurance whose activities affect interstate commerce, shall be fined as provided in this title or imprisoned not more than 10 years, or both.
+
+(e) (1) (A) Any individual who has been convicted of any criminal felony involving dishonesty or a breach of trust, or who has been convicted of an offense under this section, and who willfully engages in the business of insurance whose activities affect interstate commerce or participates in such business, shall be fined as provided in this title or imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both.
+
+(B) Any individual who is engaged in the business of insurance whose activities affect interstate commerce and who willfully permits the participation described in subparagraph (A) shall be fined as provided in this title or imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both.
+
+(2) A person described in paragraph (1)(A) may engage in the business of insurance or participate in such business if such person has the written consent of any insurance regulatory official authorized to regulate the insurer, which consent specifically refers to this subsection.
+
+(f) As used in this section—
+
+(1) the term “business of insurance” means—
+
+(A) the writing of insurance, or
+
+(B) the reinsuring of risks,
+
+by an insurer, including all acts necessary or incidental to such writing or reinsuring and the activities of persons who act as, or are, officers, directors, agents, or employees of insurers or who are other persons authorized to act on behalf of such persons;
+
+(2) the term “insurer” means any entity the business activity of which is the writing of insurance or the reinsuring of risks, and includes any person who acts as, or is, an officer, director, agent, or employee of that business;
+
+(3) the term “interstate commerce” means—
+
+(A) commerce within the District of Columbia, or any territory or possession of the United States;
+
+(B) all commerce between any point in the State, territory, possession, or the District of Columbia and any point outside thereof;
+
+(C) all commerce between points within the same State through any place outside such State; or
+
+(D) all other commerce over which the United States has jurisdiction; and
+
+(4) the term “State” includes any State, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Northern Mariana Islands, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.
+
+(Added Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXII, § 320603(a), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2115.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands For termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, see note set out preceding section 1681 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions.

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-47/section-1034.md

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 1034"
+description: "Civil penalties and injunctions for violations of section 1033"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "47"
+chapter_name: "FRAUD AND FALSE STATEMENTS"
+section: "1034"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 1034"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s1034"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "aaf7d8b217b2e402f71b2cdbe4c93c9f1ff6175413876c7b6b96709cb578a64c"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "99d9b3ec87e4342ead53c6afcf3e8b27c7bffae4c16e4a22d2a6bcb39469c4a3"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 1034 - Civil penalties and injunctions for violations of section 1033
+
+## Text
+
+(a) The Attorney General may bring a civil action in the appropriate United States district court against any person who engages in conduct constituting an offense under section 1033 and, upon proof of such conduct by a preponderance of the evidence, such person shall be subject to a civil penalty of not more than $50,000 for each violation or the amount of compensation which the person received or offered for the prohibited conduct, whichever amount is greater. If the offense has contributed to the decision of a court of appropriate jurisdiction to issue an order directing the conservation, rehabilitation, or liquidation of an insurer, such penalty shall be remitted to the appropriate regulatory official for the benefit of the policyholders, claimants, and creditors of such insurer. The imposition of a civil penalty under this subsection does not preclude any other criminal or civil statutory, common law, or administrative remedy, which is available by law to the United States or any other person.
+
+(b) If the Attorney General has reason to believe that a person is engaged in conduct constituting an offense under section 1033, the Attorney General may petition an appropriate United States district court for an order prohibiting that person from engaging in such conduct. The court may issue an order prohibiting that person from engaging in such conduct if the court finds that the conduct constitutes such an offense. The filing of a petition under this section does not preclude any other remedy which is available by law to the United States or any other person.
+
+(Added Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXII, § 320603(a), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2118.)

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-47/section-1035.md

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 1035"
+description: "False statements relating to health care matters"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "47"
+chapter_name: "FRAUD AND FALSE STATEMENTS"
+section: "1035"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 1035"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s1035"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "7dfb40683f0cf8e08372160e17c39a593e3f2b6170e53721567194c182a74315"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "20993077e62a86e650cbacfa5dcbaf8a878340eb2af79fabcb27f3202deeb874"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 1035 - False statements relating to health care matters
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Whoever, in any matter involving a health care benefit program, knowingly and willfully—
+
+(1) falsifies, conceals, or covers up by any trick, scheme, or device a material fact; or
+
+(2) makes any materially false, fictitious, or fraudulent statements or representations, or makes or uses any materially false writing or document knowing the same to contain any materially false, fictitious, or fraudulent statement or entry,
+
+in connection with the delivery of or payment for health care benefits, items, or services, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both.
+
+(b) As used in this section, the term “health care benefit program” has the meaning given such term in section 24(b) of this title.
+
+(Added Pub. L. 104–191, title II, § 244(a), Aug. 21, 1996, 110 Stat. 2017.)

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-47/section-1036.md

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 1036"
+description: "Entry by false pretenses to any real property, vessel, or aircraft of the United States or secure area of any airport or seaport"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "47"
+chapter_name: "FRAUD AND FALSE STATEMENTS"
+section: "1036"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 1036"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s1036"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "e0216f57e348108c5bfa12d9963f47251ac4c9f891d012ff11c5907e2603ca7f"
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+text_hash: "10c996ccc65e44c9753369faf2178f94b74158f46a565c2578302caed1b91ccb"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 1036 - Entry by false pretenses to any real property, vessel, or aircraft of the United States or secure area of any airport or seaport
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Whoever, by any fraud or false pretense, enters or attempts to enter—
+
+(1) any real property belonging in whole or in part to, or leased by, the United States;
+
+(2) any vessel or aircraft belonging in whole or in part to, or leased by, the United States;
+
+(3) any secure or restricted area of any seaport, designated as secure in an approved security plan, as required under section 70103 of title 46, United States Code, and the rules and regulations promulgated under that section; or
+
+(4) any secure area of any airport,
+
+shall be punished as provided in subsection (b) of this section.
+
+(b) The punishment for an offense under subsection (a) of this section is—
+
+(1) a fine under this title or imprisonment for not more than 10 years, or both, if the offense is committed with the intent to commit a felony; or
+
+(2) a fine under this title or imprisonment for not more than 6 months, or both, in any other case.
+
+(c) As used in this section—
+
+(1) the term “secure area” means an area access to which is restricted by the airport authority, captain of the seaport, or a public agency; and
+
+(2) the term “airport” has the meaning given such term in section 47102 of title 49.
+
+(Added Pub. L. 106–547, § 2(a), Dec. 19, 2000, 114 Stat. 2738; amended Pub. L. 109–177, title III, § 302(a), Mar. 9, 2006, 120 Stat. 233.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments2006—Pub. L. 109–177, § 302(a)(4), substituted “any airport or seaport” for “any airport” in section catchline. Subsec. (a)(3), (4). Pub. L. 109–177, § 302(a)(1), added par. (3) and redesignated former par. (3) as (4). Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 109–177, § 302(a)(2), substituted “10 years” for “5 years”. Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 109–177, § 302(a)(3), inserted “, captain of the seaport,” after “airport authority”.

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-47/section-1037.md

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 1037"
+description: "Fraud and related activity in connection with electronic mail"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "47"
+chapter_name: "FRAUD AND FALSE STATEMENTS"
+section: "1037"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 1037"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s1037"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "77176599b5bcda97d8183a76e3138a3eb0a80ef0a607bec56e4d3c3f6b9d87ad"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "3e11139d77a8f6df2d67a85ad7086d2efbc50be8e10f3c06226d0efdce8cfd9d"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 1037 - Fraud and related activity in connection with electronic mail
+
+## Text
+
+(a) In General.— Whoever, in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce, knowingly—
+
+(1) accesses a protected computer without authorization, and intentionally initiates the transmission of multiple commercial electronic mail messages from or through such computer,
+
+(2) uses a protected computer to relay or retransmit multiple commercial electronic mail messages, with the intent to deceive or mislead recipients, or any Internet access service, as to the origin of such messages,
+
+(3) materially falsifies header information in multiple commercial electronic mail messages and intentionally initiates the transmission of such messages,
+
+(4) registers, using information that materially falsifies the identity of the actual registrant, for five or more electronic mail accounts or online user accounts or two or more domain names, and intentionally initiates the transmission of multiple commercial electronic mail messages from any combination of such accounts or domain names, or
+
+(5) falsely represents oneself to be the registrant or the legitimate successor in interest to the registrant of 5 or more Internet Protocol addresses, and intentionally initiates the transmission of multiple commercial electronic mail messages from such addresses,
+
+or conspires to do so, shall be punished as provided in subsection (b).
+
+(b) Penalties.— The punishment for an offense under subsection (a) is—
+
+(1) a fine under this title, imprisonment for not more than 5 years, or both, if—
+
+(A) the offense is committed in furtherance of any felony under the laws of the United States or of any State; or
+
+(B) the defendant has previously been convicted under this section or section 1030, or under the law of any State for conduct involving the transmission of multiple commercial electronic mail messages or unauthorized access to a computer system;
+
+(2) a fine under this title, imprisonment for not more than 3 years, or both, if—
+
+(A) the offense is an offense under subsection (a)(1);
+
+(B) the offense is an offense under subsection (a)(4) and involved 20 or more falsified electronic mail or online user account registrations, or 10 or more falsified domain name registrations;
+
+(C) the volume of electronic mail messages transmitted in furtherance of the offense exceeded 2,500 during any 24-hour period, 25,000 during any 30-day period, or 250,000 during any 1-year period;
+
+(D) the offense caused loss to one or more persons aggregating $5,000 or more in value during any 1-year period;
+
+(E) as a result of the offense any individual committing the offense obtained anything of value aggregating $5,000 or more during any 1-year period; or
+
+(F) the offense was undertaken by the defendant in concert with three or more other persons with respect to whom the defendant occupied a position of organizer or leader; and
+
+(3) a fine under this title or imprisonment for not more than 1 year, or both, in any other case.
+
+(c) Forfeiture.— (1) In general.— The court, in imposing sentence on a person who is convicted of an offense under this section, shall order that the defendant forfeit to the United States—
+
+(A) any property, real or personal, constituting or traceable to gross proceeds obtained from such offense; and
+
+(B) any equipment, software, or other technology used or intended to be used to commit or to facilitate the commission of such offense.
+
+(2) Procedures.— The procedures set forth in section 413 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 853), other than subsection (d) of that section, and in Rule 32.2 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, shall apply to all stages of a criminal forfeiture proceeding under this section.
+
+(d) Definitions.— In this section:
+
+(1) Loss.— The term “loss” has the meaning given that term in section 1030(e) of this title.
+
+(2) Materially.— For purposes of paragraphs (3) and (4) of subsection (a), header information or registration information is materially falsified if it is altered or concealed in a manner that would impair the ability of a recipient of the message, an Internet access service processing the message on behalf of a recipient, a person alleging a violation of this section, or a law enforcement agency to identify, locate, or respond to a person who initiated the electronic mail message or to investigate the alleged violation.
+
+(3) Multiple.— The term “multiple” means more than 100 electronic mail messages during a 24-hour period, more than 1,000 electronic mail messages during a 30-day period, or more than 10,000 electronic mail messages during a 1-year period.
+
+(4) Other terms.— Any other term has the meaning given that term by section 3 of the CAN-SPAM Act of 2003.
+
+(Added Pub. L. 108–187, § 4(a)(1), Dec. 16, 2003, 117 Stat. 2703.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThe Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, referred to in subsec. (c)(2), are set out in the Appendix to this title. Section 3 of the CAN-SPAM Act of 2003, referred to in subsec. (d)(4), is classified to section 7702 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective DateSection effective Jan. 1, 2004, see section 16 of Pub. L. 108–187, set out as a note under section 7701 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade.

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-47/section-1038.md

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 1038"
+description: "False information and hoaxes"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "47"
+chapter_name: "FRAUD AND FALSE STATEMENTS"
+section: "1038"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 1038"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s1038"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "5d40efc5e8d737e61ed643207bc14b55f6022594770a3ce32fa13be95710fcfa"
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+text_hash: "3ba105c393931d8963d6d0b2769880f2281d6051884ad56e34d3f11923dbd0a5"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 1038 - False information and hoaxes
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Criminal Violation.— (1) In general.— Whoever engages in any conduct with intent to convey false or misleading information under circumstances where such information may reasonably be believed and where such information indicates that an activity has taken, is taking, or will take place that would constitute a violation of chapter 2, 10, 11B, 39, 40, 44, 111, or 113B of this title, section 236 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2284), or section 46502, the second sentence of section 46504, section 46505(b)(3) or (c), section 46506 if homicide or attempted homicide is involved, or section 60123(b) of title 49, shall—
+
+(A) be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both;
+
+(B) if serious bodily injury results, be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both; and
+
+(C) if death results, be fined under this title or imprisoned for any number of years up to life, or both.
+
+(2) Armed forces.— Any person who makes a false statement, with intent to convey false or misleading information, about the death, injury, capture, or disappearance of a member of the Armed Forces of the United States during a war or armed conflict in which the United States is engaged—
+
+(A) shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both;
+
+(B) if serious bodily injury results, shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both; and
+
+(C) if death results, shall be fined under this title, imprisoned for any number of years or for life, or both.
+
+(b) Civil Action.— Whoever engages in any conduct with intent to convey false or misleading information under circumstances where such information may reasonably be believed and where such information indicates that an activity has taken, is taking, or will take place that would constitute a violation of chapter 2, 10, 11B, 39, 40, 44, 111, or 113B of this title, section 236 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2284), or section 46502, the second sentence of section 46504, section 46505 (b)(3) or (c), section 46506 if homicide or attempted homicide is involved, or section 60123(b) of title 49 is liable in a civil action to any party incurring expenses incident to any emergency or investigative response to that conduct, for those expenses.
+
+(c) Reimbursement.— (1) In general.— The court, in imposing a sentence on a defendant who has been convicted of an offense under subsection (a), shall order the defendant to reimburse any state or local government, or private not-for-profit organization that provides fire or rescue service incurring expenses incident to any emergency or investigative response to that conduct, for those expenses.
+
+(2) Liability.— A person ordered to make reimbursement under this subsection shall be jointly and severally liable for such expenses with each other person, if any, who is ordered to make reimbursement under this subsection for the same expenses.
+
+(3) Civil judgment.— An order of reimbursement under this subsection shall, for the purposes of enforcement, be treated as a civil judgment.
+
+(d) Activities of Law Enforcement.— This section does not prohibit any lawfully authorized investigative, protective, or intelligence activity of a law enforcement agency of the United States, a State, or political subdivision of a State, or of an intelligence agency of the United States.
+
+(Added Pub. L. 108–458, title VI, § 6702(a), Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3764.)

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-47/section-1039.md

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 1039"
+description: "Fraud and related activity in connection with obtaining confidential phone records information of a covered entity"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "47"
+chapter_name: "FRAUD AND FALSE STATEMENTS"
+section: "1039"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 1039"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s1039"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "f94d6f052357e9d9e43616c203e19e21693be85e3a00a34073f13413c2885032"
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+text_hash: "8d57f5b858cf0f41c44a9f81aaf5cc9e3fd4468a612d01bb8ec0ace60c39dea7"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 1039 - Fraud and related activity in connection with obtaining confidential phone records information of a covered entity
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Criminal Violation.— Whoever, in interstate or foreign commerce, knowingly and intentionally obtains, or attempts to obtain, confidential phone records information of a covered entity, by—
+
+(1) making false or fraudulent statements or representations to an employee of a covered entity;
+
+(2) making such false or fraudulent statements or representations to a customer of a covered entity;
+
+(3) providing a document to a covered entity knowing that such document is false or fraudulent; or
+
+(4) accessing customer accounts of a covered entity via the Internet, or by means of conduct that violates section 1030 of this title, without prior authorization from the customer to whom such confidential phone records information relates;
+
+shall be fined under this title, imprisoned for not more than 10 years, or both.
+
+(b) Prohibition on Sale or Transfer of Confidential Phone Records Information.— (1) Except as otherwise permitted by applicable law, whoever, in interstate or foreign commerce, knowingly and intentionally sells or transfers, or attempts to sell or transfer, confidential phone records information of a covered entity, without prior authorization from the customer to whom such confidential phone records information relates, or knowing or having reason to know such information was obtained fraudulently, shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 10 years, or both.
+
+(2) For purposes of this subsection, the exceptions specified in section 222(d) of the Communications Act of 1934 shall apply for the use of confidential phone records information by any covered entity, as defined in subsection (h).
+
+(c) Prohibition on Purchase or Receipt of Confidential Phone Records Information.— (1) Except as otherwise permitted by applicable law, whoever, in interstate or foreign commerce, knowingly and intentionally purchases or receives, or attempts to purchase or receive, confidential phone records information of a covered entity, without prior authorization from the customer to whom such confidential phone records information relates, or knowing or having reason to know such information was obtained fraudulently, shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 10 years, or both.
+
+(2) For purposes of this subsection, the exceptions specified in section 222(d) of the Communications Act of 1934 shall apply for the use of confidential phone records information by any covered entity, as defined in subsection (h).
+
+(d) Enhanced Penalties for Aggravated Cases.— Whoever violates, or attempts to violate, subsection (a), (b), or (c) while violating another law of the United States or as part of a pattern of any illegal activity involving more than $100,000, or more than 50 customers of a covered entity, in a 12-month period shall, in addition to the penalties provided for in such subsection, be fined twice the amount provided in subsection (b)(3) or (c)(3) (as the case may be) of section 3571 of this title, imprisoned for not more than 5 years, or both.
+
+(e) Enhanced Penalties for Use of Information in Furtherance of Certain Criminal Offenses.— (1) Whoever, violates, or attempts to violate, subsection (a), (b), or (c) knowing that such information may be used in furtherance of, or with the intent to commit, an offense described in section 2261, 2261A, 2262, or any other crime of violence shall, in addition to the penalties provided for in such subsection, be fined under this title and imprisoned not more than 5 years.
+
+(2) Whoever, violates, or attempts to violate, subsection (a), (b), or (c) knowing that such information may be used in furtherance of, or with the intent to commit, an offense under section 111, 115, 1114, 1503, 1512, 1513, or to intimidate, threaten, harass, injure, or kill any Federal, State, or local law enforcement officer shall, in addition to the penalties provided for in such subsection, be fined under this title and imprisoned not more than 5 years.
+
+(f) Extraterritorial Jurisdiction.— There is extraterritorial jurisdiction over an offense under this section.
+
+(g) Nonapplicability to Law Enforcement Agencies.— This section does not prohibit any lawfully authorized investigative, protective, or intelligence activity of a law enforcement agency of the United States, a State, or political subdivision of a State, or of an intelligence agency of the United States.
+
+(h) Definitions.— In this section:
+
+(1) Confidential phone records information.— The term “confidential phone records information” means information that—
+
+(A) relates to the quantity, technical configuration, type, destination, location, or amount of use of a service offered by a covered entity, subscribed to by any customer of that covered entity, and kept by or on behalf of that covered entity solely by virtue of the relationship between that covered entity and the customer;
+
+(B) is made available to a covered entity by a customer solely by virtue of the relationship between that covered entity and the customer; or
+
+(C) is contained in any bill, itemization, or account statement provided to a customer by or on behalf of a covered entity solely by virtue of the relationship between that covered entity and the customer.
+
+(2) Covered entity.— The term “covered entity”—
+
+(A) has the same meaning given the term “telecommunications carrier” in section 3 of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 153); and
+
+(B) includes any provider of IP-enabled voice service.
+
+(3) Customer.— The term “customer” means, with respect to a covered entity, any individual, partnership, association, joint stock company, trust, or corporation, or authorized representative of such customer, to whom the covered entity provides a product or service.
+
+(4) IP-enabled voice service.— The term “IP-enabled voice service” means the provision of real-time voice communications offered to the public, or such class of users as to be effectively available to the public, transmitted through customer premises equipment using TCP/IP protocol, or a successor protocol, (whether part of a bundle of services or separately) with interconnection capability such that the service can originate traffic to, or terminate traffic from, the public switched telephone network, or a successor network.
+
+(Added Pub. L. 109–476, § 3(a), Jan. 12, 2007, 120 Stat. 3569.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextSection 222(d) of the Communications Act of 1934, referred to in subsecs. (b)(2) and (c)(2), is classified to section 222(d) of Title 47, Telecommunications.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+FindingsPub. L. 109–476, § 2, Jan. 12, 2007, 120 Stat. 3568, provided that: “Congress finds that— “(1) telephone records can be of great use to criminals because the information contained in call logs may include a wealth of personal data; “(2) call logs may reveal the names of telephone users’ doctors, public and private relationships, business associates, and more; “(3) call logs are typically maintained for the exclusive use of phone companies, their authorized agents, and authorized consumers; “(4) telephone records have been obtained without the knowledge or consent of consumers through the use of a number of fraudulent methods and devices that include—“(A) telephone company employees selling data to unauthorized data brokers; “(B) ‘pretexting’, whereby a data broker or other person represents that they are an authorized consumer and convinces an agent of the telephone company to release the data; or “(C) gaining unauthorized Internet access to account data by improperly activating a consumer’s account management features on a phone company’s webpage or contracting with an Internet-based data broker who trafficks in such records; and “(5) the unauthorized disclosure of telephone records not only assaults individual privacy but, in some instances, may further acts of domestic violence or stalking, compromise the personal safety of law enforcement officers, their families, victims of crime, witnesses, or confidential informants, and undermine the integrity of law enforcement investigations.”

legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-47/section-1040.md

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "18 U.S.C. § 1040"
+description: "Fraud in connection with major disaster or emergency benefits"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 18
+title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
+chapter_number: "47"
+chapter_name: "FRAUD AND FALSE STATEMENTS"
+section: "1040"
+citation: "18 U.S.C. § 1040"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s1040"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
+source_hash: "557eb5b38a8dae0a86721814d020b4dd7c0b8f17e74ddb25c883b67a721a87b4"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
+text_hash: "9eef149a269777a4b6990ea208752f3ad4e9622be0e3b117b80dacce451dca15"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 18 U.S.C. § 1040 - Fraud in connection with major disaster or emergency benefits
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Whoever, in a circumstance described in subsection (b) of this section, knowingly—
+
+(1) falsifies, conceals, or covers up by any trick, scheme, or device any material fact; or
+
+(2) makes any materially false, fictitious, or fraudulent statement or representation, or makes or uses any false writing or document knowing the same to contain any materially false, fictitious, or fraudulent statement or representation,
+
+in any matter involving any benefit authorized, transported, transmitted, transferred, disbursed, or paid in connection with a major disaster declaration under section 401 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170) or an emergency declaration under section 501 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5191), or in connection with any procurement of property or services related to any emergency or major disaster declaration as a prime contractor with the United States or as a subcontractor or supplier on a contract in which there is a prime contract with the United States, shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 30 years, or both.
+
+(b) A circumstance described in this subsection is any instance where—
+
+(1) the authorization, transportation, transmission, transfer, disbursement, or payment of the benefit is in or affects interstate or foreign commerce;
+
+(2) the benefit is transported in the mail at any point in the authorization, transportation, transmission, transfer, disbursement, or payment of that benefit; or
+
+(3) the benefit is a record, voucher, payment, money, or thing of value of the United States, or of any department or agency thereof.
+
+(c) In this section, the term “benefit” means any record, voucher, payment, money or thing of value, good, service, right, or privilege provided by the United States, a State or local government, or other entity.
+
+(Added Pub. L. 110–179, § 2(a), Jan. 7, 2008, 121 Stat. 2556.)