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Legal corpus: the complete U.S. Code (59,740 sections, all 53 titles)

Browse Source 
Ingested titles 12–51 and 54 from OLRC USLM XML @119-100 (the whole Code
now, uniform edition; Title 53 is reserved/empty). LegalText 11,221 ->
59,740; repo total 105,704 records. Deterministic (byte-identical rerun,
verified on Title 42's 8,356 sections); make check green. make
legal-us-code default now covers every title.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Fabio
2026-07-06 10:51:44 -04:00
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commit 76b8ec33a7
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legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-55/section-1201.md
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legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-55/section-1202.md
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---
type: "LegalText"
title: "18 U.S.C. § 1202"
description: "Ransom money"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 18
title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
chapter_number: "55"
chapter_name: "KIDNAPPING"
section: "1202"
citation: "18 U.S.C. § 1202"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s1202"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
source_hash: "b7ecbcbd2ba9914c99209778d54411b4d1c17339bb950ddecc91dc6ac6253d6d"
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text_hash: "62f8ef8616ade4e013e8ce5399a75febf3b865d0e6b4274b6a1358a52adacaf9"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 18 U.S.C. § 1202 - Ransom money
## Text
(a) Whoever receives, possesses, or disposes of any money or other property, or any portion thereof, which has at any time been delivered as ransom or reward in connection with a violation of section 1201 of this title, knowing the same to be money or property which has been at any time delivered as such ransom or reward, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both.
(b) A person who transports, transmits, or transfers in interstate or foreign commerce any proceeds of a kidnapping punishable under State law by imprisonment for more than 1 year, or receives, possesses, conceals, or disposes of any such proceeds after they have crossed a State or United States boundary, knowing the proceeds to have been unlawfully obtained, shall be imprisoned not more than 10 years, fined under this title, or both.
(c) For purposes of this section, the term “State” has the meaning set forth in section 245(d) of this title.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 760; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXII, § 320601(b), title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(L), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2115, 2147.)
## Notes
Historical and Revision NotesBased on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 408c–1 (June 22, 1932, ch. 271, § 4, as added Jan. 24, 1936, ch. 29, 49 Stat. 1099). Words “in the penitentiary” after “imprisoned” were omitted in view of section 4082 of this title committing prisoners to the custody of the Attorney General. (See reviser’s note under section 1 of this title.) Minor changes were made in phraseology.
Editorial Notes
Amendments1994—Pub. L. 103–322, § 320601(b), designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsecs. (b) and (c). Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–322, § 330016(1)(L), substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $10,000”.
legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-55/section-1203.md
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---
type: "LegalText"
title: "18 U.S.C. § 1203"
description: "Hostage taking"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 18
title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
chapter_number: "55"
chapter_name: "KIDNAPPING"
section: "1203"
citation: "18 U.S.C. § 1203"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s1203"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
source_hash: "285d28615dd338f4d8a15262fab82bc85d0e1ad70b62aff8fc1a79ca4129655a"
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text_hash: "f796a9e485355dd5a4dee0d0ba252b8a33f5192141e0c66f3787513c8f185da4"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 18 U.S.C. § 1203 - Hostage taking
## Text
(a) Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, whoever, whether inside or outside the United States, seizes or detains and threatens to kill, to injure, or to continue to detain another person in order to compel a third person or a governmental organization to do or abstain from doing any act as an explicit or implicit condition for the release of the person detained, or attempts or conspires to do so, shall be punished by imprisonment for any term of years or for life and, if the death of any person results, shall be punished by death or life imprisonment.
(b) (1) It is not an offense under this section if the conduct required for the offense occurred outside the United States unless—
(A) the offender or the person seized or detained is a national of the United States;
(B) the offender is found in the United States; or
(C) the governmental organization sought to be compelled is the Government of the United States.
(2) It is not an offense under this section if the conduct required for the offense occurred inside the United States, each alleged offender and each person seized or detained are nationals of the United States, and each alleged offender is found in the United States, unless the governmental organization sought to be compelled is the Government of the United States.
(c) As used in this section, the term “national of the United States” has the meaning given such term in section 101(a)(22) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(22)).
(Added Pub. L. 98–473, title II, § 2002(a), Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2186; amended Pub. L. 100–690, title VII, § 7028, Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4397; Pub. L. 103–322, title VI, § 60003(a)(10), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1969; Pub. L. 104–132, title VII, § 723(a)(1), Apr. 24, 1996, 110 Stat. 1300.)
## Notes
Editorial Notes
Amendments1996—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–132 inserted “or conspires” after “attempts”. 1994—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–322 inserted before period at end “and, if the death of any person results, shall be punished by death or life imprisonment”. 1988—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 100–690 substituted “(c) As” for “(C) As”.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective DatePub. L. 98–473, title II, § 2003, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2186, provided that: “This part [part A (§§ 2001–2003) of chapter XX of title II of Pub. L. 98–473, enacting this section and provisions set out as a note under section 1201 of this title] and the amendments made by this part shall take effect on the later of— “(1) the date of the enactment of this joint resolution [Oct. 12, 1984]; or “(2) the date the International Convention Against the Taking of Hostages has come into force and the United States has become a party to that convention [the convention entered into force June 6, 1983; and entered into force for the United States Jan. 6, 1985].”
legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-55/section-1204.md
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---
type: "LegalText"
title: "18 U.S.C. § 1204"
description: "International parental kidnapping"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 18
title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
chapter_number: "55"
chapter_name: "KIDNAPPING"
section: "1204"
citation: "18 U.S.C. § 1204"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s1204"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
source_hash: "c29de762b908e58b3d9aefb35b49acff5db6d119d6ed24c66698964452c5653b"
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text_hash: "fe62cb7b60da90f45383d9b9a640fac389aaf0740e3b9cc0d151fd517756d53b"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 18 U.S.C. § 1204 - International parental kidnapping
## Text
(a) Whoever removes a child from the United States, or attempts to do so, or retains a child (who has been in the United States) outside the United States with intent to obstruct the lawful exercise of parental rights shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 3 years, or both.
(b) As used in this section—
(1) the term “child” means a person who has not attained the age of 16 years; and
(2) the term “parental rights”, with respect to a child, means the right to physical custody of the child—
(A) whether joint or sole (and includes visiting rights); and
(B) whether arising by operation of law, court order, or legally binding agreement of the parties.
(c) It shall be an affirmative defense under this section that—
(1) the defendant acted within the provisions of a valid court order granting the defendant legal custody or visitation rights and that order was obtained pursuant to the Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction Act or the Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act and was in effect at the time of the offense;
(2) the defendant was fleeing an incidence or pattern of domestic violence; or
(3) the defendant had physical custody of the child pursuant to a court order granting legal custody or visitation rights and failed to return the child as a result of circumstances beyond the defendant’s control, and the defendant notified or made reasonable attempts to notify the other parent or lawful custodian of the child of such circumstances within 24 hours after the visitation period had expired and returned the child as soon as possible.
(d) This section does not detract from The Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Parental Child Abduction, done at The Hague on October 25, 1980.
(Added Pub. L. 103–173, § 2(a), Dec. 2, 1993, 107 Stat. 1998; amended Pub. L. 108–21, title I, § 107, Apr. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 655.)
## Notes
Editorial Notes
Amendments2003—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108–21, § 107(1), inserted “, or attempts to do so,” before “or retains”. Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 108–21, § 107(2)(A), inserted “or the Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act” before “and was”. Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 108–21, § 107(2)(B), inserted “or” after semicolon at end.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Sense of Congress Regarding Use of Procedures Under The Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Parental Child AbductionPub. L. 103–173, § 2(b), Dec. 2, 1993, 107 Stat. 1999, provided that: “It is the sense of the Congress that, inasmuch as use of the procedures under the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Parental Child Abduction has resulted in the return of many children, those procedures, in circumstances in which they are applicable, should be the option of first choice for a parent who seeks the return of a child who has been removed from the parent.”