Influence-Tools/republic-os
1
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull Requests Actions Packages Projects Releases Wiki Activity

Legal corpus: the complete U.S. Code (59,740 sections, all 53 titles)

Browse Source 
Ingested titles 12–51 and 54 from OLRC USLM XML @119-100 (the whole Code
now, uniform edition; Title 53 is reserved/empty). LegalText 11,221 ->
59,740; repo total 105,704 records. Deterministic (byte-identical rerun,
verified on Title 42's 8,356 sections); make check green. make
legal-us-code default now covers every title.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
This commit is contained in:
Fabio
2026-07-06 10:51:44 -04:00
parent 511d65f9a0
commit 76b8ec33a7
48603 changed files with 3677193 additions and 4 deletions
Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files
legal/us/code/title-20/chapter-26/section-951.md
+97
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
---
type: "LegalText"
title: "20 U.S.C. § 951"
description: "Declaration of findings and purposes"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 20
title_name: "EDUCATION"
chapter_number: "26"
chapter_name: "SUPPORT AND SCHOLARSHIP IN HUMANITIES AND ARTS; MUSEUM SERVICES"
section: "951"
citation: "20 U.S.C. § 951"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc20@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t20/s951"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-20/usc20.xml"
source_hash: "acc7d1bab9ad9091c759978a5cced8e723d601b47ae8643753275f26ef5dbbe0"
raw_snapshot_hash: "6022872c5d6a3398d1728f82f8cefcb58db9f5ff548e2a636450be1e4a8bb052"
text_hash: "6d2e47d7ceb2a7c7f8db7f1eaad688017c9a66b76006d93e938af44d775bebdb"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 20 U.S.C. § 951 - Declaration of findings and purposes
## Text
The Congress finds and declares the following:
(1) The arts and the humanities belong to all the people of the United States.
(2) The encouragement and support of national progress and scholarship in the humanities and the arts, while primarily a matter for private and local initiative, are also appropriate matters of concern to the Federal Government.
(3) An advanced civilization must not limit its efforts to science and technology alone, but must give full value and support to the other great branches of scholarly and cultural activity in order to achieve a better understanding of the past, a better analysis of the present, and a better view of the future.
(4) Democracy demands wisdom and vision in its citizens. It must therefore foster and support a form of education, and access to the arts and the humanities, designed to make people of all backgrounds and wherever located masters of their technology and not its unthinking servants.
(5) It is necessary and appropriate for the Federal Government to complement, assist, and add to programs for the advancement of the humanities and the arts by local, State, regional, and private agencies and their organizations. In doing so, the Government must be sensitive to the nature of public sponsorship. Public funding of the arts and humanities is subject to the conditions that traditionally govern the use of public money. Such funding should contribute to public support and confidence in the use of taxpayer funds. Public funds provided by the Federal Government must ultimately serve public purposes the Congress defines.
(6) The arts and the humanities reflect the high place accorded by the American people to the nation’s rich cultural heritage and to the fostering of mutual respect for the diverse beliefs and values of all persons and groups.
(7) The practice of art and the study of the humanities require constant dedication and devotion. While no government can call a great artist or scholar into existence, it is necessary and appropriate for the Federal Government to help create and sustain not only a climate encouraging freedom of thought, imagination, and inquiry but also the material conditions facilitating the release of this creative talent.
(8) The world leadership which has come to the United States cannot rest solely upon superior power, wealth, and technology, but must be solidly founded upon worldwide respect and admiration for the Nation’s high qualities as a leader in the realm of ideas and of the spirit.
(9) Americans should receive in school, background and preparation in the arts and humanities to enable them to recognize and appreciate the aesthetic dimensions of our lives, the diversity of excellence that comprises our cultural heritage, and artistic and scholarly expression.
(10) It is vital to a democracy to honor and preserve its multicultural artistic heritage as well as support new ideas, and therefore it is essential to provide financial assistance to its artists and the organizations that support their work.
(11) To fulfill its educational mission, achieve an orderly continuation of free society, and provide models of excellence to the American people, the Federal Government must transmit the achievement and values of civilization from the past via the present to the future, and make widely available the greatest achievements of art.
(12) In order to implement these findings and purposes, it is desirable to establish a National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities.
(Pub. L. 89–209, § 2, Sept. 29, 1965, 79 Stat. 845; Pub. L. 91–346, § 2, July 20, 1970, 84 Stat. 443; Pub. L. 93–133, § 2(a)(1), Oct. 19, 1973, 87 Stat. 462; renumbered title I, § 2, and amended Pub. L. 98–306, §§ 2, 3, May 31, 1984, 98 Stat. 223; renumbered § 2 and amended Pub. L. 99–194, title I, §§ 101(1), 102, Dec. 20, 1985, 99 Stat. 1332; Pub. L. 101–512, title III, § 318 [title I, § 101], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1960, 1961.)
## Notes
Editorial Notes
Amendments1990—Pub. L. 101–512 amended section generally, substituting provisions relating to declaration of findings and purposes consisting of pars. (1) to (12) for provisions relating to declaration of purpose consisting of cls. (1) to (9). 1985—Cl. (2). Pub. L. 99–194, § 102(1), struck out “man’s” before “scholarly and cultural activity”. Cl. (3). Pub. L. 99–194, § 102(2), inserted “, and access to the arts and the humanities,” after “form of education” and substituted “people of all backgrounds and wherever located” for “men”. Cls. (8), (9). Pub. L. 99–194, § 102(3)–(5), added cl. (8) and redesignated former cl. (8) as (9). 1984—Cls. (6) to (8). Pub. L. 98–306, § 3, added cl. (6) and redesignated former cls. (6) and (7) as (7) and (8), respectively. 1973—Cl. (7). Pub. L. 93–133 struck out provisions relating to strengthening the responsibilities of the Office of Education with respect to education in the arts and the humanities. 1970—Cl. (2). Pub. L. 91–346 inserted “in order to achieve a better understanding of the past, a better analysis of the pres­ent, and a better view of the future”.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 1990 AmendmentPub. L. 101–512, title III, § 318 [title IV, § 403], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1960, 1977, provided that: “(a) General Effective Date.—Except as provided in subsection (b), this Act [probably means section, see Short Title of 1990 Amendment note below] and the amendments made by this Act shall take effect on October 1, 1990. “(b) Special Effective Date.—The amendments made by sections 110, 204, and 301 [amending sections 960, 967, and 974 of this title] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 5, 1990] or October 1, 1990, whichever is earlier.”
Effective Date of 1973 AmendmentPub. L. 93–133, § 2(b), Oct. 19, 1973, 87 Stat. 465, provided that: “The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section and sections 952 and 954 to 960 of this title and repealing sections 962 and 963 of this title] shall be effective on and after July 1, 1973.”
Short Title of 1990 AmendmentPub. L. 101–512, title III, § 318, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1960, provided that: “This section [enacting sections 954a and 969 of this title, amending this section, sections 952, 954, 955, 956, 958, 959, 960, 963, 964, 965, 967, and 974 of this title, and section 5315 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, and enacting notes under this section and section 954 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Arts, Humanities, and Museums Amendments of 1990’.”
Short Title of 1985 AmendmentPub. L. 99–194, § 1, Dec. 20, 1985, 99 Stat. 1332, provided that: “This Act [enacting section 177 of title 2, The Congress, amending this section and sections 952 to 955, 956, 957, 958 to 960, 963, 964, 967, 971, 972, and 974 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 954 and 972 of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note under this section] may be cited as the ‘Arts, Humanities, and Museums Amendments of 1985’.”
Short Title of 1984 AmendmentPub. L. 98–306, § 1, May 31, 1984, 98 Stat. 223, provided that: “This Act [enacting section 955b of this title and section 310 of Title 25, Indians, amending this section and sections 952 to 955, 956, 957, 958 to 960, 962, 963, 964, and 967 of this title, amending provisions set out as a note under this section and repealing provisions set out as notes under sections 960 and 967 of this title] may be cited as the ‘National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities Act Amendments of 1983’.”
Short Title of 1980 AmendmentPub. L. 96–496, § 1, Dec. 4, 1980, 94 Stat. 2583, provided that: “This Act [amending sections 952, 954, 955, 956, 957, 958 to 960, 962, 963, 964, 965, 967, 974, and 3473 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Arts and Humanities Act of 1980’.”
Short Title of 1976 AmendmentPub. L. 94–462, § 1, Oct. 8, 1976, 90 Stat. 1971, provided: “That this Act [enacting sections 961 to 968 of this title, amending sections 954, 955, 956, 957, 958, 960, and 1867 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 956, 960, and 961 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Arts, Humanities, and Cultural Affairs Act of 1976’.”
Short Title of 1973 AmendmentPub. L. 93–133, § 1, Oct. 19, 1973, 87 Stat. 461, provided: “That this Act [amending this section and sections 351a, 952, 954, 955, 956, 957, and 958 to 960 of this title, repealing sections 962 and 963 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 351a of this title] may be cited as the ‘National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities Amendments of 1973’.”
Short Title of 1970 AmendmentPub. L. 91–346, § 1, July 20, 1970, 84 Stat. 443, provided: “That this Act [amending this section and sections 952, 954, 955, 956, 957, and 958 to 960 of this title, repealing sections 781 to 788 and 790 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 955 of this title and section 781 of this title] may be cited as ‘The National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities Amendments of 1970’.”
Short TitlePub. L. 89–209, § 1, Sept. 29, 1965, 79 Stat. 845, as renumbered title I, § 1, and amended by Pub. L. 98–306, § 2, May 31, 1984, 98 Stat. 223; renumbered § 1 and amended by Pub. L. 99–194, title I, § 101, Dec. 20, 1985, 99 Stat. 1332, provided that: “This Act [enacting this subchapter, amending sections 784 to 786 of this title, repealing section 789 of this title, and enacting provisions formerly set out as a note under section 785 of this title] may be cited as the ‘National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities Act of 1965’.”
Sense of Congress Regarding Purchase of American-Made Equipment and ProductsPub. L. 101–512, title III, § 318 [title IV, §§ 401, 402], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1960, 1977, provided that: “SEC. 401. SENSE OF CONGRESS.“It is the sense of the Congress that a recipient (including a nation, individual, group, or organization) of any form of subsidy, aid, or other Federal assistance under the Acts amended by this Act [probably means this section, see Short Title of 1990 Amendment note above] should, in expending that assistance, purchase American-made equipment and products. “SEC. 402. NOTICE.“Any entity that provides a form of subsidy, aid, or other Federal assistance under the Acts amended by this Act shall provide to each recipient of such form of subsidy, aid, or other Federal assistance a notice describing the sense of the Congress stated under section 401.”
1979 White House Conference on the ArtsPub. L. 95–272, title I, §§ 101–109, May 3, 1978, 92 Stat. 222–224, called for a White House Conference on the Arts to be held no later than Dec. 31, 1979, to help develop a climate in which the arts can flourish and to formulate recommendations relating to the appropriate growth of the arts in all parts of the Nation, established a National Conference Planning Council on the Arts to provide guidance and planning for the Conference, directed the Council to submit a report of the Conference to the President and to the Congress no later than 180 days following the date on which the Conference was called, and provided the Council cease to exist 180 days, unless extended by the President, but in no event to exceed one year, after submission of the report.
1979 White House Conference on the HumanitiesPub. L. 95–272, title II, §§ 201–209, May 3, 1978, 92 Stat. 224–226, called for a White House Conference on the Humanities to be held no later than Dec. 31, 1979, to help develop a climate in which the humanities can flourish and to formulate recommendations relating to the appropriate growth of the humanities in all parts of the Nation, established a National Planning Council on the Humanities to provide guidance and planning for the Conference, directed the Council to submit a report of the Conference to the President and to the Congress no later than 180 days following the date on which the Conference was called, and provided the Council cease to exist 180 days, unless extended by the President, but in no event to exceed one year, after submission of the report.
Executive Documents
Executive Order No. 12275 Ex. Ord. No. 12275, Jan. 16, 1981, 46 F.R. 5857, which established the Design Liaison Council and provided for its membership, functions, etc., was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12379, § 10, Aug. 17, 1982, 47 F.R. 36099, formerly set out as a note under section 1013 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
legal/us/code/title-20/chapter-26/section-952.md
+89
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
---
type: "LegalText"
title: "20 U.S.C. § 952"
description: "Definitions"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 20
title_name: "EDUCATION"
chapter_number: "26"
chapter_name: "SUPPORT AND SCHOLARSHIP IN HUMANITIES AND ARTS; MUSEUM SERVICES"
section: "952"
citation: "20 U.S.C. § 952"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc20@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t20/s952"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-20/usc20.xml"
source_hash: "482426fa44063abc32d427f77c4103b1e846be10c8493afe2fa7c9c73ad6e5cb"
raw_snapshot_hash: "6022872c5d6a3398d1728f82f8cefcb58db9f5ff548e2a636450be1e4a8bb052"
text_hash: "bc72216146073d6c156b84107c3138b8053e7a12ace9e68da1ee7bbfc2bba415"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 20 U.S.C. § 952 - Definitions
## Text
As used in this subchapter—
(a) The term “humanities” includes, but is not limited to, the study and interpretation of the following: language, both modern and classical; linguistics; literature; history; jurisprudence; philosophy; archeology; comparative religion; ethics; the history, criticism, and theory of the arts; those aspects of the social sciences which have humanistic content and employ humanistic methods; and the study and application of the humanities to the human environment with particular attention to reflecting our diverse heritage, traditions, and history and to the relevance of the humanities to the current conditions of national life.
(b) The term “the arts” includes, but is not limited to, music (instrumental and vocal), dance, drama, folk art, creative writing, architecture and allied fields, painting, sculpture, photography, graphic and craft arts, industrial design, costume and fashion design, motion pictures, television, radio, film, video, tape and sound recording, the arts related to the presentation, performance, execution, and exhibition of such major art forms, all those traditional arts practiced by the diverse peoples of this country.11 So in original. The period probably should be a comma. and the study and application of the arts to the human environment.
(c) The term “production” means plays (with or without music), ballet, dance and choral performances, concerts, recitals, operas, exhibitions, readings, motion pictures, television, radio, film, video, and tape and sound recordings, and any other activities involving the execution or rendition of the arts and meeting such standards as may be approved by the National Endowment for the Arts established by section 954 of this title.
(d) The term “project” means programs organized to carry out the purposes of this subchapter, including programs to foster American artistic creativity, to commission works of art, to create opportunities for individuals to develop artistic talents when carried on as a part of a program otherwise included in this definition, and to develop and enhance the widest public knowledge and understanding of the arts, and includes, where appropriate, rental or purchase of facilities, purchase or rental of land, and acquisition of equipment. Such term also includes—
(1) the renovation of facilities if (A) the amount of the expenditure of Federal funds for such purpose in the case of any project does not exceed $250,000, or (B) two-thirds of the members of the National Council on the Arts or the National Council on the Humanities, as the case may be (who are present and voting) approve of the grant or contract involving an expenditure for such purpose; and
(2) for purposes of sections 954(p), 956(c)(10), and 956(h) of this title only, the construction of facilities if (A) such construction is for demonstration purposes or under unusual circumstances where there is no other manner in which to accomplish an artistic or humanistic purpose, and (B) two-thirds of the members of the National Council on the Arts and the National Council on the Humanities, as the case may be, (who are present and voting) approve of the grant or contract involving an expenditure for such purpose.
(e) The term “group” includes any State or other public agency, and any nonprofit society, institution, organization, association, museum, or establishment in the United States, whether or not incorporated.
(f) The term “workshop” means an activity the primary purpose of which is to encourage the artistic development or enjoyment of amateur, student, or other nonprofessional participants, or to promote scholarship and teaching among the participants.
(g) The term “State” includes, in addition to the several States of the Union, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia, Guam, American Samoa, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Virgin Islands.
(h) The term “local arts agency” means a community organization, or an agency of local government, that primarily provides financial support, services, or other programs for a variety of artists and arts organizations, for the benefit of the community as a whole.
(i) The term “developing arts organization” means a local arts organization of high artistic promise which—
(1) serves as an important source of local arts programming in a community; and
(2) has the potential to develop artistically and institutionally to broaden public access to the arts in rural and innercity areas and other areas that are underserved artistically.
(j) The term “determined to be obscene” means determined, in a final judgment of a court of record and of competent jurisdiction in the United States, to be obscene.
(k) The term “final judgment” means a judgment that is either—
(1) not reviewed by any other court that has authority to review such judgment; or
(2) is not reviewable by any other court.
(l) The term “obscene” means with respect to a project, production, workshop, or program that—
(1) the average person, applying contemporary community standards, would find that such project, production, workshop, or program, when taken as a whole, appeals to the prurient interest;
(2) such project, production, workshop, or program depicts or describes sexual conduct in a patently offensive way; and
(3) such project, production, workshop, or program, when taken as a whole, lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value.
(Pub. L. 89–209, § 3, Sept. 29, 1965, 79 Stat. 845; Pub. L. 90–348, §§ 1, 7, June 18, 1968, 82 Stat. 184, 187; Pub. L. 91–346, § 3, July 20, 1970, 84 Stat. 443; Pub. L. 93–133, § 2(a)(2), Oct. 19, 1973, 87 Stat. 462; Pub. L. 96–496, title I, § 101, Dec. 4, 1980, 94 Stat. 2583; renumbered title I, § 3, Pub. L. 98–306, § 2, May 31, 1984, 98 Stat. 223; renumbered § 3 and amended Pub. L. 99–194, title I, §§ 101(1), 103, Dec. 20, 1985, 99 Stat. 1332; Pub. L. 101–512, title III, § 318 [title I, § 102], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1960, 1962.)
## Notes
Editorial Notes
Amendments1990—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–512, § 318 [title I, § 102(a)(1), (b)(1)], inserted “all those traditional arts practiced by the diverse peoples of this country.” after “forms,” and “film, video,” after “radio,”. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101–512, § 318 [title I, § 102(b)(2)], inserted “film, video,” after “radio,”. Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 101–512, § 318 [title I, § 102(b)(3)(A)], inserted “the widest” after “enhance”. Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 101–512, § 318 [title I, § 102(b)(3)(B)], which directed the substitution of “sections 954(p), 956(c)(10),” for “sections 954(1)”, was executed by making the substitution for “sections 954(l)” to reflect the probable intent of Congress. Subsecs. (h), (i). Pub. L. 101–512, § 318 [title I, § 102(a)(2)], added subsecs. (h) and (i). Subsecs. (j) to (l). Pub. L. 101–512, § 318 [title I, § 102(c)], added subsecs. (j) to (l). 1985—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–194, § 103(1), substituted “study and interpretation of the following” for “study of the following” and inserted “to reflecting our diverse heritage, traditions, and history and” after “particular attention”. Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 99–194, § 103(2), inserted “for purposes of sections 954(l) and 956(h) of this title only,” before “the construction of facilities if”, “or humanistic” after “artistic”, and “and the National Council on the Humanities, as the case may be,” after “the National Council on the Arts”. 1980—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96–496, § 101(a), substituted “and theory of the arts” for “theory, and practice of the arts”. Subsec. (d)(1)(B). Pub. L. 96–496, § 101(b), inserted “or the National Council on the Humanities, as the case may be”. Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 96–496, § 101(c), inserted “the Northern Mariana Islands”. 1973—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 93–133 substituted “or purchase of facilities” for “, purchase, renovation, or construction of facilities” and added pars. (1) and (2). 1970—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 91–346 extended term “humanities” to include the study of comparative religion and ethics, and emphasized that particular attention be paid to relevance of humanities to current conditions of national life when engaging in study and application of humanities to human environment. 1968—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90–348, § 7, extended term “humanities” to include the study and application of enumerated fields to human environment. Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 90–348, § 7, extended term “arts” to include study and application of enumerated art forms to human environment. Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 90–348, § 1, substituted “activity” for “production” in definition of “workshop” and extended enumerated purposes to include promotion of scholarship and teaching among participants.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 1990 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 101–512 effective Oct. 1, 1990, see section 318 [title IV, § 403(a)] of Pub. L. 101–512, set out as a note under section 951 of this title.
Effective Date of 1973 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 93–133 effective on and after July 1, 1973, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 93–133, set out as a note under section 951 of this title.
legal/us/code/title-20/chapter-26/section-953.md
+45
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
---
type: "LegalText"
title: "20 U.S.C. § 953"
description: "National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 20
title_name: "EDUCATION"
chapter_number: "26"
chapter_name: "SUPPORT AND SCHOLARSHIP IN HUMANITIES AND ARTS; MUSEUM SERVICES"
section: "953"
citation: "20 U.S.C. § 953"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc20@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t20/s953"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-20/usc20.xml"
source_hash: "8747d42d6e0d26c6dd7f5d46f58561f9f0bc4b5c3395cf5aa5390668ea9903d2"
raw_snapshot_hash: "6022872c5d6a3398d1728f82f8cefcb58db9f5ff548e2a636450be1e4a8bb052"
text_hash: "512d62062e71bd47c3dd01c276a35194bfabe4ff2065f03d9cfc731d0cd3727d"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 20 U.S.C. § 953 - National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities
## Text
(a) Establishment; composition There is established a National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities (hereinafter referred to as the “Foundation”), which shall be composed of a National Endowment for the Arts, a National Endowment for the Humanities, a Federal Council on the Arts and the Humanities, and an Institute of Museum and Library Services.
(b) Purpose The purpose of the Foundation shall be to develop and promote a broadly conceived national policy of support for the humanities and the arts in the United States, and for institutions which preserve the cultural heritage of the United States pursuant to this subchapter.
(c) Prohibition against Federal supervision over policy determination, personnel, or curriculum, or administration or operation of any school or other non-Federal body In the administration of this subchapter no department, agency, officer, or employee of the United States shall exercise any direction, supervision, or control over the policy determination, personnel, or curriculum, or the administration or operation of any school or other non-Federal agency, institution, organization, or association.
(Pub. L. 89–209, § 4, Sept. 29, 1965, 79 Stat. 846; renumbered title I, § 4, and amended Pub. L. 98–306, §§ 2, 4, May 31, 1984, 98 Stat. 223; renumbered § 4 and amended Pub. L. 99–194, title I, §§ 101(1), 104, Dec. 20, 1985, 99 Stat. 1332, 1333; Pub. L. 111–340, title II, § 208(1), Dec. 22, 2010, 124 Stat. 3602.)
## Notes
Editorial Notes
Amendments2010—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 111–340 substituted “Institute of Museum and Library Services” for “Institute of Museum Services”. 1985—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–194, § 104, struck out a second comma after “a National Endowment for the Humanities” and “(hereinafter established)” after “Institute of Museum Services”. 1984—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–306, § 4(a), substituted “, a Federal Council” for “and a Federal Council” and inserted “, and an Institute of Museum Services”. Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98–306, § 4(b), inserted “, and for institutions which preserve the cultural heritage of the United States”.
legal/us/code/title-20/chapter-26/section-954.md
+261
View File
File diff suppressed because one or more lines are too long
legal/us/code/title-20/chapter-26/section-954a.md
+69
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
---
type: "LegalText"
title: "20 U.S.C. § 954a"
description: "Access to the arts through support of education"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 20
title_name: "EDUCATION"
chapter_number: "26"
chapter_name: "SUPPORT AND SCHOLARSHIP IN HUMANITIES AND ARTS; MUSEUM SERVICES"
section: "954a"
citation: "20 U.S.C. § 954a"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc20@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t20/s954a"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-20/usc20.xml"
source_hash: "3b5f4673a0d6019df6d82a38b916c3ce147936d7f5071c935ca2eff8f96737b6"
raw_snapshot_hash: "6022872c5d6a3398d1728f82f8cefcb58db9f5ff548e2a636450be1e4a8bb052"
text_hash: "242815d490eead4ad7c8a41903e7d6414cd786e86ff48b091eb1236aae6482b2"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 20 U.S.C. § 954a - Access to the arts through support of education
## Text
(a) Purposes The purposes of this section are—
(1) to increase accessibility to the arts through providing education to all Americans, including diverse cultures, urban and rural populations by encouraging and developing quality education in the arts at all levels, in conjunction with programs of nonformal education for all age groups, with formal systems of elementary, secondary, and postsecondary education;
(2) to develop and stimulate research to teach quality education in the arts; and
(3) to encourage and facilitate the work of artists, arts institutions, and Federal, State, regional, and local agencies in the area of education in the arts.
(b) Program of contracts or grants The Chairperson of the National Endowment for the Arts,11 So in original. The comma probably should not appear. is authorized to establish and carry out a program of contracts with, or grants to, any State or other public agency, individual, artist, any nonprofit society, performing and nonperforming arts and educational institution or organization, association, or museum in the United States, in order to foster and encourage exceptional talent, public knowledge, understanding, and appreciation of the arts, and to support the education, training, and development of this Nation’s artists, through such activities as projects that will—
(1) promote and improve the availability of arts instruction for American youth and life-long learning in the arts;
(2) enhance the quality of arts instruction in programs of teacher education;
(3) develop arts faculty resources and talents;
(4) support and encourage the development of improved curriculum materials in the arts;
(5) improve evaluation and assessment of education in the arts programs and instruction;
(6) foster cooperative programs with the Department of Education and encourage partnerships between arts and education agencies at State and local levels, arts organizations, business colleges and universities;
(7) support apprenticeships, internships, and other career oriented work-study experiences for artists and arts teachers, and encourage residencies of artists at all educational levels;
(8) support the use of technology and improved facilities and resources in education in the arts programs at all levels; and
(9) foster the development of demonstration projects, demonstration productions, demonstration workshops, and demonstration programs in arts education and collect, and make available to the public, information on their implementation and effectiveness.
(c) Advisory council on arts education In order to provide advice and counsel concerning arts education, the Chairperson shall appoint an advisory council on arts education.
(Pub. L. 89–209, § 5A, as added Pub. L. 101–512, title III, § 318 [title I, § 105], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1960, 1967.)
## Notes
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective DateSection effective Oct. 1, 1990, see section 318 [title IV, § 403(a)] of Pub. L. 101–512, set out as an Effective Date of 1990 Amendment note under section 951 of this title.
legal/us/code/title-20/chapter-26/section-955.md
+115
View File
File diff suppressed because one or more lines are too long
legal/us/code/title-20/chapter-26/section-955a.md
+35
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
---
type: "LegalText"
title: "20 U.S.C. § 955a"
description: "Omitted"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 20
title_name: "EDUCATION"
chapter_number: "26"
chapter_name: "SUPPORT AND SCHOLARSHIP IN HUMANITIES AND ARTS; MUSEUM SERVICES"
section: "955a"
citation: "20 U.S.C. § 955a"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc20@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t20/s955a"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-20/usc20.xml"
source_hash: "670b9850e4cc5309b591d177d401cada87c5ebd1ee094595af79356e39cfcb4e"
raw_snapshot_hash: "6022872c5d6a3398d1728f82f8cefcb58db9f5ff548e2a636450be1e4a8bb052"
text_hash: "7211fb842707982c595c348d0a9c6d8d260558d0a12c1d1ac7ae986532ab15d2"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 20 U.S.C. § 955a - Omitted
## Notes
Editorial Notes
Codification Section, Pub. L. 98–146, title II, Nov. 4, 1983, 97 Stat. 949, which provided that persons serving on National Council on the Arts continue until their successors are qualified for office, was omitted as superseded. See section 955(c) of this title as amended by Pub. L. 98–306. Similar provisions were contained in Pub. L. 97–394, title II, Dec. 30, 1982, 96 Stat. 1994.
legal/us/code/title-20/chapter-26/section-955b.md
+57
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
---
type: "LegalText"
title: "20 U.S.C. § 955b"
description: "National Medal of Arts"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 20
title_name: "EDUCATION"
chapter_number: "26"
chapter_name: "SUPPORT AND SCHOLARSHIP IN HUMANITIES AND ARTS; MUSEUM SERVICES"
section: "955b"
citation: "20 U.S.C. § 955b"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc20@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t20/s955b"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-20/usc20.xml"
source_hash: "8ddd4a25e35d7cfb3f8261288384e5f7489b838336b6a2f1f350459d6eaade32"
raw_snapshot_hash: "6022872c5d6a3398d1728f82f8cefcb58db9f5ff548e2a636450be1e4a8bb052"
text_hash: "8ac1109a559469aa64851680ff5ddd43eced75aa981927e7be1550e2ac28bd08"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 20 U.S.C. § 955b - National Medal of Arts
## Text
(a) Establishment There is hereby established a National Medal of Arts, which shall be a medal of such design as is deemed appropriate by the President, on the basis of recommendations submitted by the National Council on the Arts, and which shall be awarded as provided in subsection (b).
(b) Award of Medal; conditions; recipients; presentation ceremonies (1) The President shall from time to time award the National Medal of Arts, on the basis of recommendations from the National Council on the Arts, to individuals or groups who in the President’s judgment are deserving of special recognition by reason of their outstanding contributions to the excellence, growth, support, and availability of the arts in the United States.
(2) Not more than twelve of such medals may be awarded in any calendar year.
(3) An individual may be awarded the National Medal of Arts only if at the time such award is made such individual—
(A) is a citizen or other national of the United States; or
(B) is an alien lawfully admitted to the United States for permanent residence who (i) has filed an application or petition for naturalization in the manner prescribed by section 1445 of title 8 and (ii) is not permanently ineligible to become a citizen of the United States.
(4) A group may be awarded the National Medal of Arts only if such group is organized or incorporated in the United States.
(5) The presentation of the National Medal of Arts shall be made by the President with such ceremonies as the President may deem proper, including attendance by appropriate Members of Congress.
(c) Availability of funds Funds made available to the National Endowment for the Arts shall be used to carry out this section.
(Pub. L. 98–306, § 13, May 31, 1984, 98 Stat. 225.)
## Notes
Editorial Notes
Codification Section was enacted as part of the National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities Act Amendments of 1983, and not as part of the National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities Act of 1965 which comprises this subchapter.
legal/us/code/title-20/chapter-26/section-956.md
+241
View File
File diff suppressed because one or more lines are too long
legal/us/code/title-20/chapter-26/section-956a.md
+51
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
---
type: "LegalText"
title: "20 U.S.C. § 956a"
description: "National Capital arts and cultural affairs; grant programs"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 20
title_name: "EDUCATION"
chapter_number: "26"
chapter_name: "SUPPORT AND SCHOLARSHIP IN HUMANITIES AND ARTS; MUSEUM SERVICES"
section: "956a"
citation: "20 U.S.C. § 956a"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc20@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t20/s956a"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-20/usc20.xml"
source_hash: "16995c280c3cedec04a583d09c4433dad8f804c97d6d57aabb0fb1ddf54800cd"
raw_snapshot_hash: "6022872c5d6a3398d1728f82f8cefcb58db9f5ff548e2a636450be1e4a8bb052"
text_hash: "3a1d8e225b9d651d79fdd1f8e64e2476d566452322e27485fb8f3b4b67d7f98a"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 20 U.S.C. § 956a - National Capital arts and cultural affairs; grant programs
## Text
There is hereby authorized a program to support artistic and cultural programs in the Nation’s Capital to be established under the direction of the Commission of Fine Arts. Not to exceed $10,000,000 annually is authorized to provide grants for general operating support to eligible organizations located in the District of Columbia whose primary purpose is performing, exhibiting and/or presenting arts. Eligibility for grants shall be limited to not-for-profit, non-academic institutions of demonstrated national repute and is further limited to organizations having annual income, exclusive of Federal funds, in excess of $1,000,000 for each of the three years prior to receipt of a grant. Each eligible organization must have its principal place of business in the District of Columbia and in a facility or facilities located in the District of Columbia. The Chairman of the Commission of Fine Arts shall establish an application process and shall, along with the Chairman of the National Endowment for the Arts and the Chairman of the National Endowment for the Humanities determine the eligibility of applicant organizations. Of the funds provided for grants, 70 per centum shall be equally distributed among all qualifying organizations and 30 per centum shall be distributed based on the size of an organization’s total annual income, exclusive of Federal funds, compared to the combined total of the annual income, exclusive of Federal funds, of all eligible institutions. No organization shall receive a grant in excess of $650,000 in a single year. An application process shall be established no later than March 1, 1986, and initial grants shall be awarded no later than June 1, 1986.
(Pub. L. 99–190, § 101(d) [title II, § 201], Dec. 19, 1985, 99 Stat. 1224, 1261; Pub. L. 99–500, § 101(h) [title II, § 201], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–242, 1783–281, and Pub. L. 99–591, § 101(h) [title II, § 201], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–242, 3341–281; Pub. L. 100–202, § 101(g) [title II, § 201], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–213, 1329–250; Pub. L. 101–121, title II, Oct. 23, 1989, 103 Stat. 739; Pub. L. 106–219, § 2, June 20, 2000, 114 Stat. 346; Pub. L. 108–81, title V, § 502(b), Sept. 25, 2003, 117 Stat. 1003; Pub. L. 111–88, div. A, title IV, § 418, Oct. 30, 2009, 123 Stat. 2960; Pub. L. 112–74, div. E, title III, Dec. 23, 2011, 125 Stat. 1035.)
## Notes
Editorial Notes
Codification Pub. L. 99–591 is a corrected version of Pub. L. 99–500. Section was not enacted as part of the National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities Act of 1965 which comprises this subchapter.
Amendments2011—Pub. L. 112–74 substituted “Each eligible organization must have its principal place of business in the District of Columbia and in a facility or facilities located in the District of Columbia.” for “The following organizations are deemed eligible to receive grants under this section: Folger Theater, Corcoran Gallery of Art, Phillips Gallery, Arena Stage, the National Building Museum, the National Children’s Museum, the National Symphony Orchestra, the National Opera, and Ford’s Theater.” in second par. and struck out “in addition to those herein named” at end of third par. 2009—Pub. L. 111–88 substituted “$10,000,000” for “$7,500,000” in first par. and “$650,000” for “$500,000” in fourth par. 2003—Pub. L. 108–81 substituted “National Children’s Museum” for “National Capital Children’s Museum” in second par. 2000—Pub. L. 106–219 substituted “National Opera” for “Washington Opera Society” in second par. 1989—Pub. L. 101–121 substituted “$7,500,000” for “$5,000,000” in first par. 1987—Pub. L. 100–202 substituted “direction of the Commission of Fine Arts” for “direction of the National Endowment for the Humanities” in first par. and amended third par. generally. Prior to amendment, third par. read as follows: “The Chairman of the National Endowment for the Humanities shall establish an application process and shall, along with the Chairman of the National Endowment for the Arts and the Chairman of the Commission on Fine Arts determine the eligibility of applicant organizations in addition to those herein named.” 1986—Pub. L. 99–500 and Pub. L. 99–591 substituted “whose primary purpose is” for “which are engaged primarily in” in first par. and “annual income, exclusive of Federal Funds,” for “an annual operating budget”, “operating budget”, and “operating budgets” in third and fourth pars.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Eligibility LimitationPub. L. 118–42, div. E, title III, Mar. 9, 2024, 138 Stat. 282, provided in part: “That the item relating to ‘National Capital Arts and Cultural Affairs’ in the Department of the Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1986, as enacted into law by section 101(d) of Public Law 99–190 (20 U.S.C. 956a), shall be applied in fiscal year 2024 in the second paragraph by inserting ‘, calendar year 2020 excluded’ before the first period: Provided further, That in determining an eligible organization’s annual income for calendar years 2021, 2022, and 2023, funds or grants received by the eligible organization from any supplemental appropriations made available in 2020 and 2021 in connection with the public health emergency declared by the Secretary of Health and Human Services on January 31, 2020 (including renewals thereof) shall be counted as part of the eligible organization’s annual income.” Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation acts: Pub. L. 117–328, div. G, title III, Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 4818. Pub. L. 117–103, div. G, title III, Mar. 15, 2022, 136 Stat. 407.
Redesignation of Capital Children’s Museum as National Children’s MuseumPub. L. 108–81, title V, § 502, Sept. 25, 2003, 117 Stat. 1003, provided that: “(a) Designation.—The Capital Children’s Museum located at 800 Third Street, NE, Washington, D.C. (or any successor location), organized under the laws of the District of Columbia, is designated as the ‘National Children’s Museum’. “(b) References.—Any reference in a law, map, regulation, document, paper, or other record of the United States to the Capital Children’s Museum referred to in subsection (a) shall be deemed to be a reference to the ‘National Children’s Museum’.”
Redesignation of Washington Opera as National OperaPub. L. 106–219, June 20, 2000, 114 Stat. 346, provided that: “SECTION 1. DESIGNATION.“The Washington Opera, organized under the laws of the District of Columbia, is designated as the ‘National Opera’. “SEC. 2. REFERENCES.“Any reference in a law, map, regulation, document, paper or other record of the United States to the Washington Opera referred to in section 1 shall be deemed to be a reference to the ‘National Opera’.”
legal/us/code/title-20/chapter-26/section-957.md
+57
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
---
type: "LegalText"
title: "20 U.S.C. § 957"
description: "National Council on the Humanities"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 20
title_name: "EDUCATION"
chapter_number: "26"
chapter_name: "SUPPORT AND SCHOLARSHIP IN HUMANITIES AND ARTS; MUSEUM SERVICES"
section: "957"
citation: "20 U.S.C. § 957"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc20@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t20/s957"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-20/usc20.xml"
source_hash: "2ca8cd49f15f463b98b83307ff4de42715add77a86f826c15d10896499a825c6"
raw_snapshot_hash: "6022872c5d6a3398d1728f82f8cefcb58db9f5ff548e2a636450be1e4a8bb052"
text_hash: "7b0bbb7838ded4d06ce8b26f6af36c36fc282ddd634cbea12b656aeed4f34819"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 20 U.S.C. § 957 - National Council on the Humanities
## Text
(a) Establishment There is established in the National Endowment for the Humanities a National Council on the Humanities.
(b) Composition; basis for selection of members; representation of interests; recommendations of national organizations The Council shall be composed of the Chairperson of the National Endowment for the Humanities, who shall be the Chairperson of the Council, and twenty-six other members appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, from private life. Such members shall be individuals who (1) are selected from among private citizens of the United States who are recognized for their broad knowledge of, expertise in, or commitment to the humanities, and (2) have established records of distinguished service and scholarship or creativity and in a manner which will provide a comprehensive representation of the views of scholars and professional practitioners in the humanities and of the public throughout the United States. The President is requested in the making of such appointments to give consideration to such recommendations as may from time to time be submitted to him by leading national organizations concerned with the humanities. In making such appointments, the President shall give due regard to equitable representation of women, minorities, and individuals with disabilities who are involved in the humanities.
(c) Term of office; vacancies; reappointment Each member shall hold office for a term of six years, except that (1) the members first taking office shall serve, as designated by the President, nine for terms of two years, nine for terms of four years, and eight for terms of six years, and (2) any member appointed to fill a vacancy shall serve for the remainder of the term for which such member’s predecessor was appointed. No member shall be eligible for reappointment during the two-year period following the expiration of such member’s term. Notwithstanding any other provisions of this subsection, a member shall serve after the expiration of such member’s term until such member’s successor takes office.
(d) Meetings; quorum The Council shall meet at the call of the Chairperson but not less often than twice during each calendar year. Fourteen members of the Council shall constitute a quorum.
(e) Compensation and travel expenses Members shall receive compensation at a rate to be fixed by the Chairperson but not to exceed the per diem equivalent of the rate authorized for grade GS–18 by section 5332 of title 5 and be allowed travel expenses including per diem in lieu of subsistence, as authorized by law (section 5703 of title 5) for persons in the Government service employed intermittently.
(f) Advisory functions: policies, programs, and procedures; review of applications for financial support; recommendations prerequisite to action of Chairperson; unilateral action by Chairperson pursuant to delegation of authority The Council shall (1) advise the Chairperson with respect to policies, programs, and procedures for carrying out the Chairperson’s functions, and (2) shall review applications for financial support and make recommendations thereon to the Chairperson. The Chairperson shall not approve or disapprove any such application until the Chairperson has received the recommendation of the Council on such application, unless the Council fails to make a recommendation thereon within a reasonable time. In the case of any application involving $30,000, or less, the Chairperson may approve or disapprove such request if such action is taken pursuant to the terms of a delegation of authority from the Council to the Chairperson, and provided that each such action by the Chairperson shall be reviewed by the Council: Provided, That the terms of any such delegation of authority shall not permit obligations for expenditure of funds under such delegation for any fiscal year which exceed an amount equal to 10 per centum of the sums appropriated for that fiscal year pursuant to subparagraph (B) of paragraph (1) of section 960(a) of this title.
(Pub. L. 89–209, § 8, Sept. 29, 1965, 79 Stat. 851; Pub. L. 90–348, § 4, June 18, 1968, 82 Stat. 186; Pub. L. 91–346, § 5(c), July 20, 1970, 84 Stat. 444; Pub. L. 93–133, § 2(a)(7), Oct. 19, 1973, 87 Stat. 464; Pub. L. 94–462, title I, § 103(b), Oct. 8, 1976, 90 Stat. 1971; Pub. L. 96–496, title I, § 105, Dec. 4, 1980, 94 Stat. 2587; renumbered title I, § 8, and amended Pub. L. 98–306, §§ 2, 5(b), May 31, 1984, 98 Stat. 223, 224; renumbered § 8 and amended Pub. L. 99–194, title I, §§ 101(1), 108, Dec. 20, 1985, 99 Stat. 1332, 1338.)
## Notes
Editorial Notes
Amendments1985—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 99–194, § 108(1), substituted “Chairperson” for “Chairman” in two places, substituted “individuals who (1) are selected from among private citizens of the United States who are recognized for their broad knowledge of, expertise in, or commitment to the humanities, and (2) have established records of” for “selected on the basis of”, and inserted provision that in making such appointments, the President shall give due regard to equitable representation of women, minorities, and individuals with disabilities who are involved in the humanities. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 99–194, § 108(2), substituted “such member’s” for “his” wherever appearing. Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 99–194, § 108(3), substituted “Chairperson” for “Chairman” wherever appearing. Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 99–194, § 108(3), (4), substituted “Chairperson” for “Chairman” wherever appearing, “the Chairperson’s” for “his”, and “until the Chairperson has received” for “until he has received”. 1984—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 98–306, § 5(b), inserted “Notwithstanding any other provisions of this subsection, a member shall serve after the expiration of his term until his successor takes office.” 1980—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 96–496 substituted “$30,000” for “$17,500”. 1976—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 94–462 inserted “, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate,” after “by the President”. 1973—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 93–133 substituted “$17,500” for “$10,000” and inserted proviso that the terms of delegation of authority shall not permit obligations for expenditure of funds under such delegation for any fiscal year which exceeds an amount equal to 10 per centum of the sums appropriated for that fiscal year. 1970—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 91–346 set forth provisions governing compensation of persons employed for the Government service on an intermittent basis. 1968—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 90–348 inserted provisions which authorized the Chairman, in the case of any application involving $10,000 or less, to approve or disapprove the application if such action is pursuant to the terms of a delegation of authority from the Endowment Council and such action is reviewed by the Endowment Council.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 1973 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 93–133 effective on and after July 1, 1973, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 93–133, set out as a note under section 951 of this title.
References in Other Laws to GS–16, 17, or 18 Pay RatesReferences in laws to the rates of pay for GS–16, 17, or 18, or to maximum rates of pay under the General Schedule, to be considered references to rates payable under specified sections of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, see section 529 [title I, § 101(c)(1)] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out in a note under section 5376 of Title 5.
legal/us/code/title-20/chapter-26/section-957a.md
+35
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
---
type: "LegalText"
title: "20 U.S.C. § 957a"
description: "Omitted"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 20
title_name: "EDUCATION"
chapter_number: "26"
chapter_name: "SUPPORT AND SCHOLARSHIP IN HUMANITIES AND ARTS; MUSEUM SERVICES"
section: "957a"
citation: "20 U.S.C. § 957a"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc20@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t20/s957a"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-20/usc20.xml"
source_hash: "e40fd96c55f106b9b7378146422d28c06e1880f87c376846b8226a65a5afd047"
raw_snapshot_hash: "6022872c5d6a3398d1728f82f8cefcb58db9f5ff548e2a636450be1e4a8bb052"
text_hash: "2f77983034a49396175fc480aee4376a1a925fdc5080714184ca5981084ca86a"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 20 U.S.C. § 957a - Omitted
## Notes
Editorial Notes
Codification Section, Pub. L. 98–146, title II, Nov. 4, 1983, 97 Stat. 949, which directed that persons serving on National Council on the Humanities continue until their successors are qualified for office, was omitted as superseded. See section 957(c) of this title, as amended by Pub. L. 98–306. Similar provisions were contained in Pub. L. 97–394, title II, Dec. 30, 1982, 96 Stat. 1994.
legal/us/code/title-20/chapter-26/section-958.md
+65
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
---
type: "LegalText"
title: "20 U.S.C. § 958"
description: "Federal Council on the Arts and the Humanities"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 20
title_name: "EDUCATION"
chapter_number: "26"
chapter_name: "SUPPORT AND SCHOLARSHIP IN HUMANITIES AND ARTS; MUSEUM SERVICES"
section: "958"
citation: "20 U.S.C. § 958"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc20@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t20/s958"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-20/usc20.xml"
source_hash: "0eb82f32e619e152215703554a6c893a7cb6369d74c6e155d348dab05cb8c1d5"
raw_snapshot_hash: "6022872c5d6a3398d1728f82f8cefcb58db9f5ff548e2a636450be1e4a8bb052"
text_hash: "dcd3fba3216fab9300158d8e27b671276bcd0d4c68705b46c3e0682f4bb698f9"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 20 U.S.C. § 958 - Federal Council on the Arts and the Humanities
## Text
(a) Establishment There is established within the Foundation a Federal Council on the Arts and the Humanities.
(b) Composition; presiding officer; changes in membership to meet changes in programs or executive branch organization The Council shall be composed of the Chairperson of the National Endowment for the Arts, the Chairperson of the National Endowment for the Humanities, the Director of the Institute of Museum and Library Services, the Secretary of Education, the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, the Director of the National Science Foundation, the Librarian of Congress, the Director of the National Gallery of Art, the Chairman of the Commission of Fine Arts, the Archivist of the United States, the Commissioner, Public Buildings Service, General Services Administration, the Assistant Secretary for Aging, a member designated by the Secretary of State, and a member designated by the Secretary of the Interior, a member designated by the Chairman of the Senate Commission on Art and Antiquities, and a member designated by the Speaker of the House. The President shall designate the presiding officer of the Council from among the members. The President is authorized to change the membership of the Council from time to time as the President deems necessary to meet changes in Federal programs or executive branch organization.
(c) Functions The Council shall—
(1) advise and consult with the Chairperson of the National Endowment for the Arts and the Chairperson of the National Endowment for the Humanities on major problems arising in carrying out the purposes of the Foundation;
(2) advise and consult with the National Museum Services Board and with the Director of the Institute of Museum and Library Services on major problems arising in carrying out the purposes of such Institute;
(3) coordinate, by advice and consultation, so far as is practicable, the policies and operations of the National Endowment for the Arts, the National Endowment for the Humanities, and the Institute of Museum and Library Services, including joint support of activities, as appropriate;
(4) promote coordination between the programs and activities of the Foundation and related programs and activities of other Federal agencies;
(5) plan and coordinate appropriate participation (including productions and projects) in major and historic national events;
(6) undertake studies and make reports which address the state of the arts and humanities, particularly with respect to their economic needs and problems; and
(7) encourage an ongoing dialogue in support of the arts and the humanities among Federal agencies.
(Pub. L. 89–209, § 9, Sept. 29, 1965, 79 Stat. 851; Pub. L. 91–346, § 9, July 20, 1970, 84 Stat. 446; Pub. L. 93–133, § 2(a)(8), Oct. 19, 1973, 87 Stat. 464; Pub. L. 94–462, title II, § 208, Oct. 8, 1976, 90 Stat. 1977; Pub. L. 96–496, title I, §§ 106, 109(d), Dec. 4, 1980, 94 Stat. 2587, 2591; renumbered title I, § 9, and amended Pub. L. 98–306, §§ 2, 6, May 31, 1984, 98 Stat. 223, 224; renumbered § 9 and amended Pub. L. 99–194, title I, §§ 101(1), 109, Dec. 20, 1985, 99 Stat. 1332, 1339; Pub. L. 101–512, title III, § 318 [title I, § 108], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1960, 1970; Pub. L. 103–171, § 3(b)(2), Dec. 2, 1993, 107 Stat. 1991; Pub. L. 111–340, title II, § 208(2), Dec. 22, 2010, 124 Stat. 3603.)
## Notes
Editorial Notes
Amendments2010—Subsecs. (b), (c)(2), (3). Pub. L. 111–340 substituted “Institute of Museum and Library Services” for “Institute of Museum Services”. 1993—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103–171 substituted “Assistant Secretary for Aging” for “Commissioner on Aging”. 1990—Subsec. (c)(7). Pub. L. 101–512, § 318 [title I, § 108(a)], added par. (7). Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 101–512, § 318 [title I, § 108(b)], struck out subsec. (d) which related to studies on Federal support to museums and the impact of Institute of Museum Services and of conservation and preservation practices. 1985—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 99–194, § 109(1), substituted “Chairperson” for “Chairman” in two places in first sentence, “presiding officer” for “Chairman” in second sentence, and “the President” for “he” in last sentence. Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 99–194, § 109(2), substituted “Chairperson” for “Chairman” wherever appearing. Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 99–194, § 109(3), added subsec. (d). Former subsec. (d), relating to a study and report to the President and the Congress on artistic employment opportunities, was struck out. Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 99–194, § 109(3), struck out subsec. (e) which provided for a study and report to the President and the Congress on arts and artifacts indemnification. 1984—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98–306, § 6(a), inserted “the Director of the Institute of Museum Services,”. Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 98–306, § 6(b), struck out “and the Institute of Museum Services” after “Foundation”. 1980—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–496, §§ 106(a), 109(d), inserted “the Commissioner on Aging,” and substituted “Secretary of Education” for “United States Commissioner of Education”. Subsec. (c)(6). Pub. L. 96–496, § 106(b), added par. (6). Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 96–496, § 106(c), added subsecs. (d) and (e). 1976—Subsec. (c)(2), (3). Pub. L. 94–462, § 208(1), (2), added par. (2), redesignated former par. (2) as (3), and as so redesignated inserted “and the Institute of Museum Services,” after “Humanities,”. Former par. (3) redesignated (4). Subsec. (c)(4), (5). Pub. L. 94–462, § 208(1), (3), redesignated former par. (3) as (4), inserted “and the Institute of Museum Services” after “Foundation”, and redesignated former par. (4) as (5). 1973—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 93–133 included the Commissioner, Public Buildings Service, General Service Administration, a member designated by the Secretary of the Interior, a member designated by the Chairman of the Senate Commission on Art and Antiquities, and a member designated by the Speaker of the House, as members of the Federal Council on the Arts and Humanities. 1970—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91–346 included the Archivist of the United States as a member of the Federal Council on the Arts and Humanities.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 1990 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 101–512 effective Oct. 1, 1990, see section 318 [title IV, § 403(a)] of Pub. L. 101–512, set out as a note under section 951 of this title.
Effective Date of 1973 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 93–133 effective on and after July 1, 1973, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 93–133, set out a a note under section 951 of this title.
legal/us/code/title-20/chapter-26/section-959.md
+129
View File
File diff suppressed because one or more lines are too long
legal/us/code/title-20/chapter-26/section-959a.md
+43
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
---
type: "LegalText"
title: "20 U.S.C. § 959a"
description: "Gifts, bequests, and devises"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 20
title_name: "EDUCATION"
chapter_number: "26"
chapter_name: "SUPPORT AND SCHOLARSHIP IN HUMANITIES AND ARTS; MUSEUM SERVICES"
section: "959a"
citation: "20 U.S.C. § 959a"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc20@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t20/s959a"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-20/usc20.xml"
source_hash: "2936d65d63f216cf70fcffe7eb3c0acd1ffbb71073738ebfb5b9171b768632e3"
raw_snapshot_hash: "6022872c5d6a3398d1728f82f8cefcb58db9f5ff548e2a636450be1e4a8bb052"
text_hash: "96147bcc8ce87bcc71249590c8822d0041977f203fe3a321dd5b5180df80b139"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 20 U.S.C. § 959a - Gifts, bequests, and devises
## Text
The National Endowment for the Arts and the National Endowment for the Humanities are on and after August 2, 2005, authorized to solicit, accept, receive, and invest in the name of the United States, gifts, bequests, or devises of money and other property or services and to use such in furtherance of the functions of the National Endowment for the Arts and the National Endowment for the Humanities. Any proceeds from such gifts, bequests, or devises, after acceptance by the National Endowment for the Arts or the National Endowment for the Humanities, shall be paid by the donor or the representative of the donor to the Chairman. The Chairman shall enter the proceeds in a special interest-bearing account to the credit of the appropriate endowment for the purposes specified in each case.
(Pub. L. 109–54, title IV, § 410, Aug. 2, 2005, 119 Stat. 551.)
## Notes
Editorial Notes
Codification Section was enacted as part of the appropriation act cited as the credit to this section, and not as part of the National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities Act of 1965 which comprises this subchapter.
Prior ProvisionsProvisions similar to those in this section were contained in the following prior appropriation acts: Pub. L. 108–447, div. E, title III, § 310, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 3094. Pub. L. 108–108, title III, § 310, Nov. 10, 2003, 117 Stat. 1303. Pub. L. 108–7, div. F, title III, § 310, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 271. Pub. L. 107–63, title III, § 315, Nov. 5, 2001, 115 Stat. 467. Pub. L. 106–291, title III, § 318, Oct. 11, 2000, 114 Stat. 989. Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, § 1000(a)(3) [title III, § 319], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1535, 1501A–193. Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, § 101(e) [title III, § 320], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–231, 2681–289. Pub. L. 105–83, title III, § 330, Nov. 14, 1997, 111 Stat. 1600.
legal/us/code/title-20/chapter-26/section-960.md
+141
View File
File diff suppressed because one or more lines are too long
legal/us/code/title-20/chapter-26/section-961-to-969.md
+39
View File
File diff suppressed because one or more lines are too long