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Legal corpus: the complete U.S. Code (59,740 sections, all 53 titles)

Browse Source 
Ingested titles 12–51 and 54 from OLRC USLM XML @119-100 (the whole Code
now, uniform edition; Title 53 is reserved/empty). LegalText 11,221 ->
59,740; repo total 105,704 records. Deterministic (byte-identical rerun,
verified on Title 42's 8,356 sections); make check green. make
legal-us-code default now covers every title.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
This commit is contained in:
Fabio
2026-07-06 10:51:44 -04:00
parent 511d65f9a0
commit 76b8ec33a7
48603 changed files with 3677193 additions and 4 deletions
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legal/us/code/title-28/chapter-113/section-1691.md
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---
type: "LegalText"
title: "28 U.S.C. § 1691"
description: "Seal and teste of process"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 28
title_name: "JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE"
chapter_number: "113"
chapter_name: "PROCESS"
section: "1691"
citation: "28 U.S.C. § 1691"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc28@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t28/s1691"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-28/usc28.xml"
source_hash: "2d7ffb8c307bf0d7c8cf1a4e0e8642a6bf8947dcc936be3106b6547ca88e7507"
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text_hash: "ea35a24ee83506af5407566e109322be68e0594bbcbbe5d238549b230a2244a8"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 28 U.S.C. § 1691 - Seal and teste of process
## Text
All writs and process issuing from a court of the United States shall be under the seal of the court and signed by the clerk thereof.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 945.)
## Notes
Historical and Revision NotesBased on title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 721 (R.S. § 911; Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 231, § 291, 36 Stat. 1167). Provisions as to teste of process issuing from the district courts were omitted as superseded by Rule 4 (b) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Provision for teste of the Chief Justice of writs and process was omitted as unnecessary. A provision requiring the United States to bear the expense of providing seals was omitted as unnecessary and obsolete. Changes were made in phraseology.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Immunity From Seizure Under Judicial Process of Cultural Objects Imported for Temporary Exhibition or DisplayPresidential determination of cultural significance of objects and exhibition or display thereof in the national interest, see section 2459 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.
legal/us/code/title-28/chapter-113/section-1692.md
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---
type: "LegalText"
title: "28 U.S.C. § 1692"
description: "Process and orders affecting property in different districts"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 28
title_name: "JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE"
chapter_number: "113"
chapter_name: "PROCESS"
section: "1692"
citation: "28 U.S.C. § 1692"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc28@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t28/s1692"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-28/usc28.xml"
source_hash: "2b52b47ee645758960202512767635b14b7fddf8d2e4c0a3f2f031757074e2fc"
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text_hash: "26d5adc3ee491ca82293e67a426acb1c85a3a8743a7acdcfd3262484e8d7d95e"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 28 U.S.C. § 1692 - Process and orders affecting property in different districts
## Text
In proceedings in a district court where a receiver is appointed for property, real, personal, or mixed, situated in different districts, process may issue and be executed in any such district as if the property lay wholly within one district, but orders affecting the property shall be entered of record in each of such districts.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 945.)
## Notes
Historical and Revision NotesBased on title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 117 (Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 231, § 56, 36 Stat. 1102). Provisions of section 117 of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., as to jurisdiction and control of a receiver of property in several districts are the basis of section 754 of this title. For explanation of revision of section 117 of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., and its extension to include property, not only in the same judicial circuit, but in any judicial circuit. (See reviser’s note under section 754 of this title.) Changes were made in phraseology.
legal/us/code/title-28/chapter-113/section-1693.md
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---
type: "LegalText"
title: "28 U.S.C. § 1693"
description: "Place of arrest in civil action"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 28
title_name: "JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE"
chapter_number: "113"
chapter_name: "PROCESS"
section: "1693"
citation: "28 U.S.C. § 1693"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc28@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t28/s1693"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-28/usc28.xml"
source_hash: "1d268b4bd5b3a0666954f7a85eddad9ec698b1ffc71fcb66f4aed6eda474fff0"
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text_hash: "d8c2cfa56354f6bf4c696a2af1b8b452e1a368742a11101a84920160e7f992aa"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 28 U.S.C. § 1693 - Place of arrest in civil action
## Text
Except as otherwise provided by Act of Congress, no person shall be arrested in one district for trial in another in any civil action in a district court.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 945.)
## Notes
Historical and Revision NotesBased on title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 112 (Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 231, § 51, 36 Stat. 1101; Sept. 19, 1922, ch. 345, 42 Stat. 849; Mar. 4, 1925, ch. 526, § 1, 43 Stat. 1264; Apr. 16, 1936, ch. 230, 49 Stat. 1213). Venue provisions of section 112 of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., appear in sections 1391 and 1401 of this title. Other provisions are incorporated in section 1695 of this title. The exception at the beginning of the section was substituted for “Except as provided in sections 113–117 of this title.” Changes were made in phraseology.
legal/us/code/title-28/chapter-113/section-1694.md
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---
type: "LegalText"
title: "28 U.S.C. § 1694"
description: "Patent infringement action"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 28
title_name: "JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE"
chapter_number: "113"
chapter_name: "PROCESS"
section: "1694"
citation: "28 U.S.C. § 1694"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc28@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t28/s1694"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-28/usc28.xml"
source_hash: "d9f652141a3d13e6760f65d80bef46d568b2f41e5e80f49f6d77ce97bfcbff4c"
raw_snapshot_hash: "3390f867a2c02f5d0c496269da780795fe19663a090a3040c64a9ee0a541cdcf"
text_hash: "8be1f552438e39430dd8dde72eb4db1bede126a01c9275cb0751436fee7add31"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 28 U.S.C. § 1694 - Patent infringement action
## Text
In a patent infringement action commenced in a district where the defendant is not a resident but has a regular and established place of business, service of process, summons or subpoena upon such defendant may be made upon his agent or agents conducting such business.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 945.)
## Notes
Historical and Revision NotesBased on title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 109 (Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 231, § 48, 36 Stat. 1100). Venue provisions of section 109 of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., appear in section 1400 of this title. Changes were made in phraseology.
legal/us/code/title-28/chapter-113/section-1695.md
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---
type: "LegalText"
title: "28 U.S.C. § 1695"
description: "Stockholder’s derivative action"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 28
title_name: "JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE"
chapter_number: "113"
chapter_name: "PROCESS"
section: "1695"
citation: "28 U.S.C. § 1695"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc28@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t28/s1695"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-28/usc28.xml"
source_hash: "9ec038e87d18be86431baea9e4fb3b96a83f16565302abc4db81cadea62bb70a"
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retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 28 U.S.C. § 1695 - Stockholder’s derivative action
## Text
Process in a stockholder’s action in behalf of his corporation may be served upon such corporation in any district where it is organized or licensed to do business or is doing business.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 945.)
## Notes
Historical and Revision NotesBased on title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 112 (Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 231, § 51, 36 Stat. 1101; Sept. 19, 1922, ch. 345, 42 Stat. 849; Mar. 4, 1925, ch. 526, § 1, 43 Stat. 1264; Apr. 16, 1936, ch. 230, 49 Stat. 1213). The phrase “is organized or licensed to do business or is doing business” was substituted for the words “resides or is found,” as more specific and to conform to section 1391 of this title. Venue provisions of section 112 of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., appear in section 1391 and 1401 of this title. Other provisions are incorporated in section 1693 of this title. Changes were made in phraseology.
legal/us/code/title-28/chapter-113/section-1696.md
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---
type: "LegalText"
title: "28 U.S.C. § 1696"
description: "Service in foreign and international litigation"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 28
title_name: "JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE"
chapter_number: "113"
chapter_name: "PROCESS"
section: "1696"
citation: "28 U.S.C. § 1696"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc28@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t28/s1696"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-28/usc28.xml"
source_hash: "d154675b5dca61b0d7839d5ab0335ef78c282fed3b7ebf6624a32775652354ee"
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retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 28 U.S.C. § 1696 - Service in foreign and international litigation
## Text
(a) The district court of the district in which a person resides or is found may order service upon him of any document issued in connection with a proceeding in a foreign or international tribunal. The order may be made pursuant to a letter rogatory issued, or request made, by a foreign or international tribunal or upon application of any interested person and shall direct the manner of service. Service pursuant to this subsection does not, of itself, require the recognition or enforcement in the United States of a judgment, decree, or order rendered by a foreign or international tribunal.
(b) This section does not preclude service of such a document without an order of court.
(Added Pub. L. 88–619, § 4(a), Oct. 3, 1964, 78 Stat. 995.)
legal/us/code/title-28/chapter-113/section-1697.md
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---
type: "LegalText"
title: "28 U.S.C. § 1697"
description: "Service in multiparty, multiforum actions"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 28
title_name: "JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE"
chapter_number: "113"
chapter_name: "PROCESS"
section: "1697"
citation: "28 U.S.C. § 1697"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc28@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t28/s1697"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-28/usc28.xml"
source_hash: "4153b997f69f9a563db23fbcade4fb96a9dd6c1bd7e765861eca620d19f2d8cd"
raw_snapshot_hash: "3390f867a2c02f5d0c496269da780795fe19663a090a3040c64a9ee0a541cdcf"
text_hash: "651f3509d3fa3d8ca422e3f81308f34c1762470bc2b7f80907c0e178bd44ea20"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 28 U.S.C. § 1697 - Service in multiparty, multiforum actions
## Text
When the jurisdiction of the district court is based in whole or in part upon section 1369 of this title, process, other than subpoenas, may be served at any place within the United States, or anywhere outside the United States if otherwise permitted by law.
(Added Pub. L. 107–273, div. C, title I, § 11020(b)(4)(A)(i), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1828.)
## Notes
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective DateSection applicable to a civil action if the accident giving rise to the cause of action occurred on or after the 90th day after Nov. 2, 2002, see section 11020(c) of Pub. L. 107–273, set out as a note under section 1369 of this title.