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Legal corpus: the complete U.S. Code (59,740 sections, all 53 titles)

Browse Source 
Ingested titles 12–51 and 54 from OLRC USLM XML @119-100 (the whole Code
now, uniform edition; Title 53 is reserved/empty). LegalText 11,221 ->
59,740; repo total 105,704 records. Deterministic (byte-identical rerun,
verified on Title 42's 8,356 sections); make check green. make
legal-us-code default now covers every title.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
This commit is contained in:
Fabio
2026-07-06 10:51:44 -04:00
parent 511d65f9a0
commit 76b8ec33a7
48603 changed files with 3677193 additions and 4 deletions
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legal/us/code/title-28/chapter-39/section-581.md
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legal/us/code/title-28/chapter-39/section-582.md
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---
type: "LegalText"
title: "28 U.S.C. § 582"
description: "Assistant United States trustees"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 28
title_name: "JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE"
chapter_number: "39"
chapter_name: "UNITED STATES TRUSTEES"
section: "582"
citation: "28 U.S.C. § 582"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc28@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t28/s582"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-28/usc28.xml"
source_hash: "2b75ab5f9011bf4fd720274dd51e852019e35958fe912f6cb114448f011e553b"
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text_hash: "dd07090de0653a74c316a38ba7538f13b73a629c3c6e0fa7cfd82eb6cfdaaa50"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 28 U.S.C. § 582 - Assistant United States trustees
## Text
(a) The Attorney General may appoint one or more assistant United States trustees in any region when the public interest so requires.
(b) Each assistant United States trustee is subject to removal by the Attorney General.
(Added Pub. L. 95–598, title II, § 224(a), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2663; amended Pub. L. 99–554, title I, § 111(d), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3091.)
## Notes
Editorial Notes
Codification Section 408(c) of Pub. L. 95–598, as amended, which provided for the repeal of this section and the deletion of any references to United States Trustees in this title at a prospective date, was repealed by section 307(b) of Pub. L. 99–554. See note set out preceding section 581 of this title.
Amendments1986—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–554, § 111(d)(1), substituted “region” for “district”. Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 99–554, § 111(d)(2), struck out “for cause” after “removal”.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 1986 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 99–554 effective 30 days after Oct. 27, 1986, see section 302(a) of Pub. L. 99–554, set out as a note under section 581 of this title.
Appointment of United States Trustees by Attorney GeneralFor sense of Congress concerning consideration of estate administrators under title 11 by the Attorney General for appointment under this section as U.S. trustee and assistant U.S. trustee, see section 309 of Pub. L. 99–554, set out as a note under section 581 of this title.
legal/us/code/title-28/chapter-39/section-583.md
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---
type: "LegalText"
title: "28 U.S.C. § 583"
description: "Oath of office"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 28
title_name: "JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE"
chapter_number: "39"
chapter_name: "UNITED STATES TRUSTEES"
section: "583"
citation: "28 U.S.C. § 583"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc28@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t28/s583"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-28/usc28.xml"
source_hash: "fcfe28eb5c6220aff6e4a7d71f5b872b34ceb799da26f3ab481dcb9384724260"
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text_hash: "a0e5709bed8c25625ddee47b975e2d7b1f8e805878422458f60aabc4f04529b3"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 28 U.S.C. § 583 - Oath of office
## Text
Each United States trustee and assistant United States trustee, before taking office, shall take an oath to execute faithfully his duties.
(Added Pub. L. 95–598, title II, § 224(a), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2663.)
## Notes
Editorial Notes
Codification Section 408(c) of Pub. L. 95–598, as amended, which provided for the repeal of this section and the deletion of any references to United States Trustees in this title at a prospective date, was repealed by section 307(b) of Pub. L. 99–554. See note set out preceding section 581 of this title.
legal/us/code/title-28/chapter-39/section-584.md
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---
type: "LegalText"
title: "28 U.S.C. § 584"
description: "Official stations"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 28
title_name: "JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE"
chapter_number: "39"
chapter_name: "UNITED STATES TRUSTEES"
section: "584"
citation: "28 U.S.C. § 584"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc28@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t28/s584"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-28/usc28.xml"
source_hash: "6a34c9309c094f58f98573b99707572dc180f445130aecaee6325fe26836b8df"
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text_hash: "a9851268a50dfbbbc99ed5df6ed8a075b98ee44c7b43bb6463e2c374e0d26776"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 28 U.S.C. § 584 - Official stations
## Text
The Attorney General may determine the official stations of the United States trustees and assistant United States trustees within the regions for which they were appointed.
(Added Pub. L. 95–598, title II, § 224(a), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2663; amended Pub. L. 99–554, title I, § 144(d), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3096.)
## Notes
Editorial Notes
Codification Section 408(c) of Pub. L. 95–598, as amended, which provided for the repeal of this section and the deletion of any references to United States Trustees in this title at a prospective date, was repealed by section 307(b) of Pub. L. 99–554. See note set out preceding section 581 of this title.
Amendments1986—Pub. L. 99–554 substituted “regions” for “districts”.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 1986 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 99–554 effective 30 days after Oct. 27, 1986, see section 302(a) of Pub. L. 99–554, set out as a note under section 581 of this title.
legal/us/code/title-28/chapter-39/section-585.md
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---
type: "LegalText"
title: "28 U.S.C. § 585"
description: "Vacancies"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 28
title_name: "JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE"
chapter_number: "39"
chapter_name: "UNITED STATES TRUSTEES"
section: "585"
citation: "28 U.S.C. § 585"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc28@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t28/s585"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-28/usc28.xml"
source_hash: "a74e0c58bf558cc2cba62565d95972a9fa0b052cd7b51fac46b8cc7056cc15cc"
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text_hash: "b55ba91456f76986676974e0845c7b7231bf4db058e40edaf6b58e6c3dfed812"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 28 U.S.C. § 585 - Vacancies
## Text
(a) The Attorney General may appoint an acting United States trustee for a region in which the office of the United States trustee is vacant. The individual so appointed may serve until the date on which the vacancy is filled by appointment under section 581 of this title or by designation under subsection (b) of this section.
(b) The Attorney General may designate a United States trustee to serve in not more than two regions for such time as the public interest requires.
(Added Pub. L. 95–598, title II, § 224(a), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2663; amended Pub. L. 99–554, title I, § 112, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3091.)
## Notes
Editorial Notes
Codification Section 408(c) of Pub. L. 95–598, as amended, which provided for the repeal of this section and the deletion of any references to United States Trustees in this title at a prospective date, was repealed by section 307(b) of Pub. L. 99–554. See note set out preceding section 581 of this title.
Amendments1986—Pub. L. 99–554 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section read as follows: “The Attorney General may appoint an acting United States trustee for a district in which the office of United States trustee is vacant, or may designate a United States trustee for another judicial district to serve as trustee for the district in which such vacancy exists. The individual so appointed or designated may serve until the earlier of 90 days after such appointment or designation, as the case may be, or the date on which the vacancy is filled by appointment under section 581 of this title.”
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 1986 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 99–554 effective 30 days after Oct. 27, 1986, see section 302(a) of Pub. L. 99–554, set out as a note under section 581 of this title.
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legal/us/code/title-28/chapter-39/section-587.md
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---
type: "LegalText"
title: "28 U.S.C. § 587"
description: "Salaries"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 28
title_name: "JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE"
chapter_number: "39"
chapter_name: "UNITED STATES TRUSTEES"
section: "587"
citation: "28 U.S.C. § 587"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc28@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t28/s587"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-28/usc28.xml"
source_hash: "bdb6ecc6f992b7e40783e11bfbc3779e9fda135d7b1e8d3abc9189279b4af8cb"
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text_hash: "107d97ee04e026b35ac726d89ea8f776559221406b47b8404bf7b4cedb9b7ec5"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 28 U.S.C. § 587 - Salaries
## Text
Subject to sections 5315 through 5317 of title 5, the Attorney General shall fix the annual salaries of United States trustees and assistant United States trustees at rates of compensation not in excess of the rate of basic compensation provided for Executive Level IV of the Executive Schedule set forth in section 5315 of title 5, United States Code.
(Added Pub. L. 95–598, title II, § 224(a), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2664; amended Pub. L. 99–554, title I, § 114(a), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3093.)
## Notes
Editorial Notes
Codification Section 408(c) of Pub. L. 95–598, as amended, which provided for the repeal of this section and the deletion of any references to United States Trustees in this title at a prospective date, was repealed by section 307(b) of Pub. L. 99–554. See note set out preceding section 581 of this title.
Amendments1986—Pub. L. 99–554 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section read as follows: “The Attorney General shall fix the annual salaries of United States trustees and assistant United States trustees at rates of compensation not to exceed the lowest annual rate of basic pay in effect for grade GS–16 of the General Schedule prescribed under section 5332 of title 5.”
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 1986 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 99–554 effective 30 days after Oct. 27, 1986, see section 302(a) of Pub. L. 99–554, set out as a note under section 581 of this title.
legal/us/code/title-28/chapter-39/section-588.md
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---
type: "LegalText"
title: "28 U.S.C. § 588"
description: "Expenses"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 28
title_name: "JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE"
chapter_number: "39"
chapter_name: "UNITED STATES TRUSTEES"
section: "588"
citation: "28 U.S.C. § 588"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc28@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t28/s588"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-28/usc28.xml"
source_hash: "f593e8eb2f6e24aa4c49bc96e499a1ea39f9ce26a5fb50b032bed007a52c3bc9"
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text_hash: "496dc228f55a407d7fe41adacf3821c688e4b485f393795fe79e2c37c1df8267"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 28 U.S.C. § 588 - Expenses
## Text
Necessary office expenses of the United States trustee shall be allowed when authorized by the Attorney General.
(Added Pub. L. 95–598, title II, § 224(a), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2664.)
## Notes
Editorial Notes
Codification Section 408(c) of Pub. L. 95–598, as amended, which provided for the repeal of this section and the deletion of any references to United States Trustees in this title at a prospective date, was repealed by section 307(b) of Pub. L. 99–554. See note set out preceding section 581 of this title.
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---
type: "LegalText"
title: "28 U.S.C. § 589"
description: "Staff and other employees"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 28
title_name: "JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE"
chapter_number: "39"
chapter_name: "UNITED STATES TRUSTEES"
section: "589"
citation: "28 U.S.C. § 589"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc28@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t28/s589"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-28/usc28.xml"
source_hash: "6d7156957cb7487f55075524fa7baf7c070f9686ed1e953b0b83e03886c7ef67"
raw_snapshot_hash: "3390f867a2c02f5d0c496269da780795fe19663a090a3040c64a9ee0a541cdcf"
text_hash: "29a05a654826258d717927db72ed43909f143ed211fec3a7e40a733169555520"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 28 U.S.C. § 589 - Staff and other employees
## Text
The United States trustee may employ staff and other employees on approval of the Attorney General.
(Added Pub. L. 95–598, title II, § 224(a), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2664.)
## Notes
Editorial Notes
Codification Section 408(c) of Pub. L. 95–598, as amended, which provided for the repeal of this section and the deletion of any references to United States Trustees in this title at a prospective date, was repealed by section 307(b) of Pub. L. 99–554. See note set out preceding section 581 of this title.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Temporary Suspension of Limitation on AppointmentsPub. L. 99–554, title I, § 114(b), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3093, provided that: “During the period beginning on the effective date of this Act [see section 302 of Pub. L. 99–554, set out in an Effective Date of 1986 Amendment; Transition and Administrative Provisions note under section 581 of this title] and ending on October 1, 1989, the provisions of title 5 of the United States Code governing appointments in the competitive service shall not apply with respect to appointments under section 589 of title 28, United States Code.”
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---
type: "LegalText"
title: "28 U.S.C. § 589a"
description: "United States Trustee System Fund"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 28
title_name: "JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE"
chapter_number: "39"
chapter_name: "UNITED STATES TRUSTEES"
section: "589a"
citation: "28 U.S.C. § 589a"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc28@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t28/s589a"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-28/usc28.xml"
source_hash: "3f1e9aebe319209da4316b3bfd2edb92b7826449117830f7a9bbe0d2fc3078c0"
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text_hash: "114f2e84d5c5b344c1d7b01b0d3cbb626ddcb2554c2a92da48a424edf63da5e4"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 28 U.S.C. § 589a - United States Trustee System Fund
## Text
(a) There is hereby established in the Treasury of the United States a special fund to be known as the “United States Trustee System Fund” (hereinafter in this section referred to as the “Fund”). Monies in the Fund shall be available to the Attorney General without fiscal year limitation in such amounts as may be specified in appropriations Acts for the following purposes in connection with the operations of United States trustees—
(1) salaries and related employee benefits;
(2) travel and transportation;
(3) rental of space;
(4) communication, utilities, and miscellaneous computer charges;
(5) security investigations and audits;
(6) supplies, books, and other materials for legal research;
(7) furniture and equipment;
(8) miscellaneous services, including those obtained by contract; and
(9) printing.
(b) For the purpose of recovering the cost of services of the United States Trustee System, there shall be deposited as offsetting collections to the appropriation “United States Trustee System Fund”, to remain available until expended, the following—
(1) (A) $51.49 of the fees collected in each case under section 1930(a)(1)(A); and
(B) 28.33 percent of the fees collected under section 1930(a)(1)(B);
(2) 48.89 percent of the fees collected under section 1930(a)(3) of this title;
(3) one-half of the fees collected under section 1930(a)(4) of this title;
(4) one-half of the fees collected under section 1930(a)(5) of this title;
(5) 100 percent of the fees collected under section 1930(a)(6) of this title; 11 See Deposits of Fees Under Section 1930(a)(6) of This Title for Certain Fiscal Years note below.
(6) three-fourths of the fees collected under the last sentence of section 1930(a) of this title;
(7) the compensation of trustees received under section 330(d) of title 11 by the clerks of the bankruptcy courts;
(8) excess fees collected under section 586(e)(2) of this title;
(9) interest earned on Fund investment; and
(10) fines imposed under section 110(l) of title 11, United States Code.
(c) Amounts in the Fund which are not currently needed for the purposes specified in subsections (a) and (f) shall be kept on deposit or invested in obligations of, or guaranteed by, the United States.
(d) The Attorney General shall transmit to the Congress, not later than 120 days after the end of each fiscal year, a detailed report on the amounts deposited in the Fund and a description of expenditures made under this section.
(e) There are authorized to be appropriated to the Fund for any fiscal year such sums as may be necessary to supplement amounts deposited under subsection (b) for the purposes specified in subsection (a).
(f) (1) During each of fiscal years 2021 through 2031 and notwithstanding subsection (b)(5), the fees collected under section 1930(a)(6), less the amount specified in paragraph (2), shall be deposited as follows, in the following order:
(A) First, the amounts needed to offset the amount specified in the Department of Justice appropriations for that fiscal year, shall be deposited as discretionary offsetting collections to the “United States Trustee System Fund”, pursuant to subsection (a), to remain available until expended.
(B) Second, any remaining amounts shall be deposited as discretionary offsetting collections to the “United States Trustee System Fund”, to remain available until expended.
(2) Notwithstanding subsection (b), for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2031, $5,400,000 of the fees collected under section 1930(a)(6) shall be deposited in the general fund of the Treasury.
(Added Pub. L. 99–554, title I, § 115(a), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3094; amended Pub. L. 101–162, title IV, § 406(c), Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1016; Pub. L. 102–140, title I, § 111(b), (c), Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 795; Pub. L. 103–121, title I, § 111(a)(2), (b)(2), (3), Oct. 27, 1993, 107 Stat. 1164; Pub. L. 104–91, title I, § 101(a), Jan. 6, 1996, 110 Stat. 11, amended Pub. L. 104–99, title II, § 211, Jan. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 37; Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, § 101(a) [title I, § 109(b)], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009, 3009–18; Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, § 1000(a)(1) [title I, title I, § 113], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1535, 1501A–6, 1501A–20; Pub. L. 109–8, title III, § 325(b), Apr. 20, 2005, 119 Stat. 99; Pub. L. 109–13, div. A, title VI, § 6058(a), May 11, 2005, 119 Stat. 297; Pub. L. 110–161, div. B, title II, § 212(a), Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 1914; Pub. L. 112–121, § 3(b), May 25, 2012, 126 Stat. 348; Pub. L. 116–325, § 3(b), Jan. 12, 2021, 134 Stat. 5087; Pub. L. 117–151, § 2(g), June 21, 2022, 136 Stat. 1299; Pub. L. 119–76, §§ 3(c), 4(b), Feb. 6, 2026, 140 Stat. 742.)
## Notes
Delayed Applicability of AmendmentFor delayed applicability of amendment made by section 3(c) of Pub. L. 119–76, see Effective Date of 2026 Amendment note below.
Editorial Notes
Codification Amendment by Pub. L. 104–91 is based on section 111(b) and (c) of H.R. 2076, One Hundred Fourth Congress, as passed by the House of Representatives on Dec. 6, 1995, which was enacted into law by Pub. L. 104–91.
Amendments2026—Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 119–76, § 3(c)(1), substituted “$51.49 of the fees collected in each case” for “40.46 percent of the fees collected”. Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 119–76, § 4(b), substituted “2031” for “2026” in introductory provisions of par. (1) and in par. (2). Subsec. (f)(1)(B) to (D). Pub. L. 119–76, § 3(c)(2), redesignated subpar. (D) as (B), substituted “Second” for “Fourth”, and struck out former subpars. (B) and (C) which related, respectively, to the deposit of amounts necessary to reimburse the judiciary for the costs of administering payments under section 330(e) of title 11 and the deposit of amounts necessary to pay trustee compensation authorized by section 330(e)(2) of title 11. 2022—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 117–151, § 2(g)(1), substituted “subsections (a) and (f)” for “subsection (a)”. Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 117–151, § 2(g)(2)(A), substituted “subsection (b)(5)” for “subsections (b) and (c)” in introductory provisions. Subsec. (f)(1)(A). Pub. L. 117–151, § 2(g)(2)(B), inserted “needed to offset the amount” after “amounts”. 2021—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 116–325 added subsec. (f). 2012—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 112–121 substituted “48.89” for “55”. 2007—Subsec. (b)(10). Pub. L. 110–161 added par. (10). 2005—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 109–8, § 325(b)(1), as amended by Pub. L. 109–13, § 6058(a), added par. (1) and struck out former par. (1), which read as follows: “27.42 percent of the fees collected under section 1930(a)(1) of this title;”. Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 109–8, § 325(b)(2), as amended by Pub. L. 109–13, § 6058(a), substituted “55 percent” for “one-half”. 1999—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 106–113, § 1000(a)(1) [title I, § 113], substituted “27.42 percent” for “23.08 percent”. Subsec. (b)(9). Pub. L. 106–113, § 1000(a)(1) [title I], added par. (9). 1996—Pub. L. 104–208 reenacted section catchline without change and amended text generally, revising and restating as subsecs. (a) to (e) provisions of former subsecs. (a) to (f). Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 104–91, as amended by Pub. L. 104–99, inserted “until a reorganization plan is confirmed” before semicolon. Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 104–91, as amended by Pub. L. 104–99, substituted “until a reorganization plan is confirmed;” for period at end. Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 104–91, as amended by Pub. L. 104–99, added par. (3). 1993—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 103–121, § 111(a)(2), substituted “23.08 per centum” for “one-fourth”. Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 103–121, § 111(b)(2), substituted “37.5 per centum” for “50 per centum”. Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 103–121, § 111(b)(3), substituted “12.5 per centum” for “16.7 per centum”. 1991—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 102–140, § 111(b)(1), substituted “50 per centum” for “three-fifths”. Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 102–140, § 111(b)(2), substituted “60 per centum” for “all”. Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 102–140, § 111(c), added subsec. (f). 1989—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 101–162 substituted “one-fourth” for “one-third”.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 2026 AmendmentExcept as otherwise provided, amendment by Pub. L. 119–76 effective on the first day of the calendar quarter that first occurs on or after Feb. 6, 2026, see section 6(a) of Pub. L. 119–76, set out in a note under section 330 of Title 11, Bankruptcy. Amendment by section 3(c) of Pub. L. 119–76 applicable to any case under title 11 commenced on or after Oct.1 that first occurs after Feb. 6, 2026, under chapter 7 of title 11 or under chapter 11, 12, or 13 of title 11 that is converted to a case under chapter 7 of title 11, see section 6(b)(1) of Pub. L. 119–76, set out in a note under section 330 of Title 11, Bankruptcy. Amendment by section 4(b) of Pub. L. 119–76 applicable to any case commenced or pending under chapter 11 of title 11 on or after the first day of the calendar quarter that first occurs on or after Feb. 6, 2026, and quarterly fees payable under section 1930(a)(6) of this titlefor disbursements made in any calendar quarter that begins on or after Feb. 6, 2026, see section 6(b)(2) of Pub. L. 119–76, set out in a note under section 330 of Title 11, Bankruptcy.
Effective Date of 2022 AmendmentPub. L. 117–151, § 2(h)(3), June 21, 2022, 136 Stat. 1300, provided that: “The amendments made by subsection (g) [amending this section] shall take effect as if enacted on October 1, 2021.”
Effective Date of 2012 AmendmentPub. L. 112–121, § 3(e), May 25, 2012, 126 Stat. 349, provided that: “This section [amending this section and section 1930 of this title and enacting and amending provisions set out as notes under section 1931 of this title] and the amendments made by this section shall take effect 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act [May 25, 2012].”
Effective Date of 2005 AmendmentsPub. L. 109–13, div. A, title VI, § 6058(b), May 11, 2005, 119 Stat. 297, provided that: “This section [amending this section and section 1930 of this title, enacting provisions set out as a note under this section, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 1930 and 1931 of this title] and the amendment made by this section shall take effect immediately after the enactment of the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005 [Pub. L. 109–8, approved Apr. 20, 2005].” Pub. L. 109–8, title III, § 325(d), Apr. 20, 2005, 119 Stat. 99, which provided that the amendment made by Pub. L. 109–8, § 325(b), (c), would be effective during the 2-year period beginning on Apr. 20, 2005, was omitted in the general amendment of section 325 of Pub. L. 109–8 by Pub. L. 109–13, div. A, title VI, § 6058(a), May 11, 2005, 119 Stat. 297. See note above.
Effective Date of 1999 AmendmentPub. L. 106–113, div. B, § 1000(a)(1) [title I, § 113], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1535, 1501A–20, provided that the amendment made by section 1000(a)(1) [title I, § 113] is effective 30 days after Nov. 29, 1999.
Effective Date of 1996 AmendmentPub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, § 101(a) [title I, § 109(c)], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009, 3009–19, provided that: “Notwithstanding any other provision of law or of this Act, the amendments to 28 U.S.C. 589a made by subsection (b) of this section shall take effect upon enactment of this Act [Sept. 30, 1996].”
Effective Date of 1993 AmendmentPub. L. 103–121, title I, § 111(a), Oct. 27, 1993, 107 Stat. 1164, provided in part that the amendment made by that section is effective 30 days after Oct. 27, 1993. Pub. L. 103–121, title I, § 111(b), Oct. 27, 1993, 107 Stat. 1164, provided in part that the amendment made by that section is effective 30 days after Oct. 27, 1993.
Effective Date of 1991 AmendmentPub. L. 102–140, title I, § 111, Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 795, provided that the amendment made by that section is effective 60 days after Oct. 28, 1991.
Effective DateSection effective 30 days after Oct. 27, 1986, see section 302(a) of Pub. L. 99–554, set out as a note under section 581 of this title.
Deposits of Certain Fees for Fiscal Years 2026 Through 2031Pub. L. 119–76, § 4(c), Feb. 6, 2026, 140 Stat. 742, provided that: “Notwithstanding section 589a(b) of title 28, United States Code, for each of fiscal years 2026 through 2031— “(1) the fees collected under section 1930(a)(6) of title 28, United States Code, less the amount specified in subparagraph (2) of this subsection, shall be deposited as specified in section 589a(f) of title 28, United States Code, as amended by this Act [see Short Title of 2026 Amendment note set out under section 1 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure]; and “(2) $5,400,000 of the fees collected under section 1930(a)(6) of title 28, United States Code, shall be deposited in the general fund of the Treasury.”
Deposits of Fees Under Section 1930(a)(6) of This Title for Certain Fiscal YearsPub. L. 116–325, § 3(a), Jan. 12, 2021, 134 Stat. 5087, provided that: “Notwithstanding section 589a(b) of title 28, United States Code, for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2026— “(1) the fees collected under section 1930(a)(6) of such title, less the amount specified in subparagraph [sic] (2), shall be deposited as specified in subsection (b) [amending this section]; and “(2) $5,400,000 of the fees collected under section 1930(a)(6) of such title shall be deposited in the general fund of the Treasury.” Pub. L. 115–72, div. B, § 1004(b), Oct. 26, 2017, 131 Stat. 1232, provided that: “Notwithstanding section 589a(b) of title 28, United States Code, for each of fiscal years 2018 through 2022— “(1) 98 percent of the fees collected under section 1930(a)(6) of such title shall be deposited as offsetting collections to the appropriation ‘United States Trustee System Fund’, to remain available until expended; and “(2) 2 percent of the fees collected under section 1930(a)(6) of such title shall be deposited in the general fund of the Treasury.”
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# 28 U.S.C. § 589b - Bankruptcy data
## Text
(a) Rules.— The Attorney General shall, within a reasonable time after the effective date of this section, issue rules requiring uniform forms for (and from time to time thereafter to appropriately modify and approve)—
(1) final reports by trustees in cases under subchapter V of chapter 11 and chapters 7, 12, and 13 of title 11; and
(2) periodic reports by debtors in possession or trustees in cases under chapter 11 of title 11.
(b) Reports.— Each report referred to in subsection (a) shall be designed (and the requirements as to place and manner of filing shall be established) so as to facilitate compilation of data and maximum possible access of the public, both by physical inspection at one or more central filing locations, and by electronic access through the Internet or other appropriate media.
(c) Required Information.— The information required to be filed in the reports referred to in subsection (b) shall be that which is in the best interests of debtors and creditors, and in the public interest in reasonable and adequate information to evaluate the efficiency and practicality of the Federal bankruptcy system. In issuing rules proposing the forms referred to in subsection (a), the Attorney General shall strike the best achievable practical balance between—
(1) the reasonable needs of the public for information about the operational results of the Federal bankruptcy system;
(2) economy, simplicity, and lack of undue burden on persons with a duty to file reports; and
(3) appropriate privacy concerns and safeguards.
(d) Final Reports.— The uniform forms for final reports required under subsection (a) for use by trustees under subchapter V of chapter 11 and chapters 7, 12, and 13 of title 11 shall, in addition to such other matters as are required by law or as the Attorney General in the discretion of the Attorney General shall propose, include with respect to a case under such title—
(1) information about the length of time the case was pending;
(2) assets abandoned;
(3) assets exempted;
(4) receipts and disbursements of the estate;
(5) expenses of administration, including for use under section 707(b), actual costs of administering cases under chapter 13 of title 11;
(6) claims asserted;
(7) claims allowed; and
(8) distributions to claimants and claims discharged without payment,
in each case by appropriate category and, in cases under subchapter V of chapter 11 and chapters 12 and 13 of title 11, date of confirmation of the plan, each modification thereto, and defaults by the debtor in performance under the plan.
(e) Periodic Reports.— The uniform forms for periodic reports required under subsection (a) for use by trustees or debtors in possession under chapter 11 of title 11 shall, in addition to such other matters as are required by law or as the Attorney General in the discretion of the Attorney General shall propose, include—
(1) information about the industry classification, published by the Department of Commerce, for the businesses conducted by the debtor;
(2) length of time the case has been pending;
(3) number of full-time employees as of the date of the order for relief and at the end of each reporting period since the case was filed;
(4) cash receipts, cash disbursements and profitability of the debtor for the most recent period and cumulatively since the date of the order for relief;
(5) compliance with title 11, whether or not tax returns and tax payments since the date of the order for relief have been timely filed and made;
(6) all professional fees approved by the court in the case for the most recent period and cumulatively since the date of the order for relief (separately reported, for the professional fees incurred by or on behalf of the debtor, between those that would have been incurred absent a bankruptcy case and those not); and
(7) plans of reorganization filed and confirmed and, with respect thereto, by class, the recoveries of the holders, expressed in aggregate dollar values and, in the case of claims, as a percentage of total claims of the class allowed.
(Added Pub. L. 109–8, title VI, § 602(a), Apr. 20, 2005, 119 Stat. 120; amended Pub. L. 116–54, § 4(b)(2), Aug. 23, 2019, 133 Stat. 1086.)
## Notes
Editorial Notes
References in TextFor the effective date of this section, referred to in subsec. (a), see Effective Date note set out below.
Amendments2019—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 116–54, § 4(b)(2)(A), inserted “subchapter V of chapter 11 and” after “cases under”. Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 116–54, § 4(b)(2)(B), inserted “subchapter V of chapter 11 and” after “trustees under” in introductory provisions and “subchapter V of chapter 11 and” after “cases under” in concluding provisions.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 2019 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 116–54 effective 180 days after Aug. 23, 2019, see section 5 of Pub. L. 116–54, set out as a note under section 101 of Title 11, Bankruptcy.
Effective DateSection effective 180 days after Apr. 20, 2005, and not applicable with respect to cases commenced under Title 11, Bankruptcy, before such effective date, except as otherwise provided, see section 1501 of Pub. L. 109–8, set out as an Effective Date of 2005 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 11.