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Legal corpus: the complete U.S. Code (59,740 sections, all 53 titles)

Browse Source 
Ingested titles 12–51 and 54 from OLRC USLM XML @119-100 (the whole Code
now, uniform edition; Title 53 is reserved/empty). LegalText 11,221 ->
59,740; repo total 105,704 records. Deterministic (byte-identical rerun,
verified on Title 42's 8,356 sections); make check green. make
legal-us-code default now covers every title.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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legal/us/code/title-28/chapter-58/section-991.md
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---
type: "LegalText"
title: "28 U.S.C. § 991"
description: "United States Sentencing Commission; establishment and purposes"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 28
title_name: "JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE"
chapter_number: "58"
chapter_name: "UNITED STATES SENTENCING COMMISSION"
section: "991"
citation: "28 U.S.C. § 991"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc28@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t28/s991"
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retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 28 U.S.C. § 991 - United States Sentencing Commission; establishment and purposes
## Text
(a) There is established as an independent commission in the judicial branch of the United States a United States Sentencing Commission which shall consist of seven voting members and one nonvoting member. The President, after consultation with representatives of judges, prosecuting attorneys, defense attorneys, law enforcement officials, senior citizens, victims of crime, and others interested in the criminal justice process, shall appoint the voting members of the Commission, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, one of whom shall be appointed, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, as the Chair and three of whom shall be designated by the President as Vice Chairs. At least 3 of the members shall be Federal judges selected after considering a list of six judges recommended to the President by the Judicial Conference of the United States. Not more than four of the members of the Commission shall be members of the same political party, and of the three Vice Chairs, no more than two shall be members of the same political party. The Attorney General, or the Attorney General’s designee, shall be an ex officio, nonvoting member of the Commission. The Chair, Vice Chairs, and members of the Commission shall be subject to removal from the Commission by the President only for neglect of duty or malfeasance in office or for other good cause shown.
(b) The purposes of the United States Sentencing Commission are to—
(1) establish sentencing policies and practices for the Federal criminal justice system that—
(A) assure the meeting of the purposes of sentencing as set forth in section 3553(a)(2) of title 18, United States Code;
(B) provide certainty and fairness in meeting the purposes of sentencing, avoiding unwarranted sentencing disparities among defendants with similar records who have been found guilty of similar criminal conduct while maintaining sufficient flexibility to permit individualized sentences when warranted by mitigating or aggravating factors not taken into account in the establishment of general sentencing practices; and
(C) reflect, to the extent practicable, advancement in knowledge of human behavior as it relates to the criminal justice process; and
(2) develop means of measuring the degree to which the sentencing, penal, and correctional practices are effective in meeting the purposes of sentencing as set forth in section 3553(a)(2) of title 18, United States Code.
(Added Pub. L. 98–473, title II, § 217(a), Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2017; amended Pub. L. 99–22, § 1(1), Apr. 15, 1985, 99 Stat. 46; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXVIII, § 280005(a), (c)(1), (2), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2096, 2097; Pub. L. 104–294, title VI, § 604(b)(11), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3507; Pub. L. 108–21, title IV, § 401(n)(1), Apr. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 675; Pub. L. 110–406, § 16, Oct. 13, 2008, 122 Stat. 4295.)
## Notes
Editorial Notes
Amendments2008—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–406 substituted “At least” for “Not more than” in third sentence. 2003—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108–21 substituted “Not more than 3” for “At least three” in third sentence. 1996—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–294 made technical correction to directory language of Pub. L. 103–322. See 1994 Amendment note below. 1994—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–322, § 280005(c)(1), (2), in second sentence, substituted “Chair” for “Chairman” and in fifth sentence, substituted “the Attorney General’s designee” for “his designee”. Pub. L. 103–322, § 280005(a), as amended by Pub. L. 104–294, in second sentence, substituted “and three of whom shall be designated by the President as Vice Chairs.” for the period at end, in fourth sentence, substituted “, and of the three Vice Chairs, no more than two shall be members of the same political party.” for the period at end, and in last sentence, substituted “Chair, Vice Chairs,” for “Chairman”. 1985—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–22 struck out “in regular active service” after “Federal judges”.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 2003 AmendmentPub. L. 108–21, title IV, § 401(n)(2), Apr. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 676, provided that: “The amendment made under paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall not apply to any person who is serving, or who has been nominated to serve, as a member of the Sentencing Commission on the date of enactment of this Act [Apr. 30, 2003].”
Effective Date of 1996 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 104–294 effective Sept. 13, 1994, see section 604(d) of Pub. L. 104–294, set out as a note under section 13 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.
Effective DateSection effective Oct. 12, 1984, see section 235(a)(1)(B)(i) of Pub. L. 98–473, set out as an Effective Date; Savings Provision note under section 3551 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.
Composition of Members of Commission During First Five-Year PeriodFor provisions directing that, notwithstanding the provisions of this section, during the five-year period following Oct. 12, 1984, the United States Sentencing Commission shall consist of nine members, including two ex officio, nonvoting members, see section 235(b)(5) of Pub. L. 98–473, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3551 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.
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---
type: "LegalText"
title: "28 U.S.C. § 992"
description: "Terms of office; compensation"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 28
title_name: "JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE"
chapter_number: "58"
chapter_name: "UNITED STATES SENTENCING COMMISSION"
section: "992"
citation: "28 U.S.C. § 992"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
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retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
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tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 28 U.S.C. § 992 - Terms of office; compensation
## Text
(a) The voting members of the United States Sentencing Commission shall be appointed for six-year terms, except that the initial terms of the first members of the Commission shall be staggered so that—
(1) two members, including the Chair, serve terms of six years;
(2) three members serve terms of four years; and
(3) two members serve terms of two years.
(b) (1) Subject to paragraph (2)—
(A) no voting member of the Commission may serve more than two full terms; and
(B) a voting member appointed to fill a vacancy that occurs before the expiration of the term for which a predecessor was appointed shall be appointed only for the remainder of such term.
(2) A voting member of the Commission whose term has expired may continue to serve until the earlier of—
(A) the date on which a successor has taken office; or
(B) the date on which the Congress adjourns sine die to end the session of Congress that commences after the date on which the member’s term expired.
(c) The Chair and Vice Chairs of the Commission shall hold full-time positions and shall be compensated during their terms of office at the annual rate at which judges of the United States courts of appeals are compensated. The voting members of the Commission, other than the Chair and Vice Chairs, shall hold full-time positions until the end of the first six years after the sentencing guidelines go into effect pursuant to section 235(a)(1)(B)(ii) of the Sentencing Reform Act of 1984, and shall be compensated at the annual rate at which judges of the United States courts of appeals are compensated. Thereafter, the voting members of the Commission, other than the Chair and Vice Chairs,,11 So in original. shall hold part-time positions and shall be paid at the daily rate at which judges of the United States courts of appeals are compensated. A Federal judge may serve as a member of the Commission without resigning the judge’s appointment as a Federal judge.
(d) Sections 44(c) and 134(b) of this title (relating to the residence of judges) do not apply to any judge holding a full-time position on the Commission under subsection (c) of this section.
(Added Pub. L. 98–473, title II, § 217(a), Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2018; amended Pub. L. 99–646, §§ 4, 6(a), Nov. 10, 1986, 100 Stat. 3592; Pub. L. 102–349, § 1, Aug. 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 933; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXVIII, § 280005(b), (c)(1), (3), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2096, 2097.)
## Notes
Editorial Notes
References in TextSection 235(a)(1)(B)(ii) of the Sentencing Reform Act of 1984, referred to in subsec. (c), is section 235(a)(1)(B)(ii) of Pub. L. 98–473, which is set out as an Effective Date note under section 3551 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.
Amendments1994—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 103–322, § 280005(c)(1), substituted “Chair” for “Chairman”. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 103–322, § 280005(b), (c)(3), amended first sentence generally, substituting “The Chair and Vice Chairs of the Commission shall hold full-time positions and shall be compensated during their terms” for “The Chairman of the Commission shall hold a full-time position and shall be compensated during the term”, in second sentence, substituted “Chair and Vice Chairs” for “Chairman”, in third sentence, substituted “Chair and Vice Chairs,” for “Chairman”, and in last sentence, substituted “the judge’s appointment” for “his appointment”. 1992—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–349 amended subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (b) read as follows: “No voting member may serve more than two full terms. A voting member appointed to fill a vacancy that occurs before the expiration of the term for which his predecessor was appointed shall be appointed only for the remainder of such term.” 1986—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 99–646, § 4, substituted “section 235(a)(1)(B)(ii) of the Sentencing Reform Act of 1984” for “section 225(a)(1)(B)(ii) of the Sentencing Reform Act of 1983”. Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 99–646, § 6(a), added subsec. (d).
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective DateSection effective Oct. 12, 1984, see section 235(a)(1)(B)(i) of Pub. L. 98–473, set out as an Effective Date; Savings Provision note under section 3551 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.
Commencement of Terms of First Members of CommissionFor provisions directing that, for purposes of subsec. (a) of this section, the terms of the first members of the United States Sentencing Commission shall not begin to run until the sentencing guidelines go into effect pursuant to section 235(a)(1)(B)(ii) of Pub. L. 98–473, see section 235(a)(2) of Pub. L. 98–473, both of which are set out as an Effective Date note under section 3551 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.
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---
type: "LegalText"
title: "28 U.S.C. § 993"
description: "Powers and duties of Chair"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 28
title_name: "JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE"
chapter_number: "58"
chapter_name: "UNITED STATES SENTENCING COMMISSION"
section: "993"
citation: "28 U.S.C. § 993"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc28@119-100.zip"
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confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 28 U.S.C. § 993 - Powers and duties of Chair
## Text
The Chair shall—
(a) call and preside at meetings of the Commission, which shall be held for at least two weeks in each quarter after the members of the Commission hold part-time positions; and
(b) direct—
(1) the preparation of requests for appropriations for the Commission; and
(2) the use of funds made available to the Commission.
(Added Pub. L. 98–473, title II, § 217(a), Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2019; amended Pub. L. 99–22, § 1(2), Apr. 15, 1985, 99 Stat. 46; Pub. L. 99–646, § 5, Nov. 10, 1986, 100 Stat. 3592; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXVIII, § 280005(c)(1), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2097.)
## Notes
Editorial Notes
Amendments1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “Chair” for “Chairman” in section catchline and introductory provisions. 1986—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 99–646 struck out provision that, before appointment of first Chairman, Administrative Office of the United States Courts may make requests for appropriations for Commission. 1985—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 99–22 inserted provision authorizing the Administrative Office of the United States Courts to make requests for appropriations for the Commission before the appointment of the first Chairman of the Commission.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective DateSection effective Oct. 12, 1984, see section 235(a)(1)(B)(i) of Pub. L. 98–473, set out as an Effective Date; Savings Provision note under section 3551 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.
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---
type: "LegalText"
title: "28 U.S.C. § 995"
description: "Powers of the Commission"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 28
title_name: "JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE"
chapter_number: "58"
chapter_name: "UNITED STATES SENTENCING COMMISSION"
section: "995"
citation: "28 U.S.C. § 995"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
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retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 28 U.S.C. § 995 - Powers of the Commission
## Text
(a) The Commission, by vote of a majority of the members present and voting, shall have the power to—
(1) establish general policies and promulgate such rules and regulations for the Commission as are necessary to carry out the purposes of this chapter;
(2) appoint and fix the salary and duties of the Staff Director of the Sentencing Commission, who shall serve at the discretion of the Commission and who shall be compensated at a rate not to exceed the highest rate now or hereafter prescribed for Level 6 of the Senior Executive Service Schedule (5 U.S.C. 5382);
(3) deny, revise, or ratify any request for regular, supplemental, or deficiency appropriations prior to any submission of such request to the Office of Management and Budget by the Chair;
(4) procure for the Commission temporary and intermittent services to the same extent as is authorized by section 3109(b) of title 5, United States Code;
(5) utilize, with their consent, the services, equipment, personnel, information, and facilities of other Federal, State, local, and private agencies and instrumentalities with or without reimbursement therefor;
(6) without regard to 31 U.S.C. 3324, enter into and perform such contracts, leases, cooperative agreements, and other transactions as may be necessary in the conduct of the functions of the Commission, with any public agency, or with any person, firm, association, corporation, educational institution, or non-profit organization;
(7) accept and employ, in carrying out the provisions of this title, voluntary and uncompensated services, notwithstanding the provisions of 31 U.S.C. 1342, however, individuals providing such services shall not be considered Federal employees except for purposes of chapter 81 of title 5, United States Code, with respect to job-incurred disability and title 28, United States Code, with respect to tort claims;
(8) request such information, data, and reports from any Federal agency or judicial officer as the Commission may from time to time require and as may be produced consistent with other law;
(9) monitor the performance of probation officers with regard to sentencing recommendations, including application of the Sentencing Commission guidelines and policy statements;
(10) issue instructions to probation officers concerning the application of Commission guidelines and policy statements;
(11) arrange with the head of any other Federal agency for the performance by such agency of any function of the Commission, with or without reimbursement;
(12) establish a research and development program within the Commission for the purpose of—
(A) serving as a clearinghouse and information center for the collection, preparation, and dissemination of information on Federal sentencing practices; and
(B) assisting and serving in a consulting capacity to Federal courts, departments, and agencies in the development, maintenance, and coordination of sound sentencing practices;
(13) collect systematically the data obtained from studies, research, and the empirical experience of public and private agencies concerning the sentencing process;
(14) publish data concerning the sentencing process;
(15) collect systematically and disseminate information concerning sentences actually imposed, and the relationship of such sentences to the factors set forth in section 3553(a) of title 18, United States Code;
(16) collect systematically and disseminate information regarding effectiveness of sentences imposed;
(17) devise and conduct, in various geographical locations, seminars and workshops providing continuing studies for persons engaged in the sentencing field;
(18) devise and conduct periodic training programs of instruction in sentencing techniques for judicial and probation personnel and other persons connected with the sentencing process;
(19) study the feasibility of developing guidelines for the disposition of juvenile delinquents;
(20) make recommendations to Congress concerning modification or enactment of statutes relating to sentencing, penal, and correctional matters that the Commission finds to be necessary and advisable to carry out an effective, humane and rational sentencing policy;
(21) hold hearings and call witnesses that might assist the Commission in the exercise of its powers or duties;
(22) perform such other functions as are required to permit Federal courts to meet their responsibilities under section 3553(a) of title 18, United States Code, and to permit others involved in the Federal criminal justice system to meet their related responsibilities;
(23) retain private attorneys to provide legal advice to the Commission in the conduct of its work, or to appear for or represent the Commission in any case in which the Commission is authorized by law to represent itself, or in which the Commission is representing itself with the consent of the Department of Justice; and the Commission may in its discretion pay reasonable attorney’s fees to private attorneys employed by it out of its appropriated funds. When serving as officers or employees of the United States, such private attorneys shall be considered special government employees as defined in section 202(a) of title 18; and
(24) grant incentive awards to its employees pursuant to chapter 45 of title 5, United States Code.
(b) The Commission shall have such other powers and duties and shall perform such other functions as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this chapter, and may delegate to any member or designated person such powers as may be appropriate other than the power to establish general policy statements and guidelines pursuant to section 994(a)(1) and (2), the issuance of general policies and promulgation of rules and regulations pursuant to subsection (a)(1) of this section, and the decisions as to the factors to be considered in establishment of categories of offenses and offenders pursuant to section 994(b). The Commission shall, with respect to its activities under subsections (a)(9), (a)(10), (a)(11), (a)(12), (a)(13), (a)(14), (a)(15), (a)(16), (a)(17), and (a)(18), to the extent practicable, utilize existing resources of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts and the Federal Judicial Center for the purpose of avoiding unnecessary duplication.
(c) Upon the request of the Commission, each Federal agency is authorized and directed to make its services, equipment, personnel, facilities, and information available to the greatest practicable extent to the Commission in the execution of its functions.
(d) A simple majority of the membership then serving shall constitute a quorum for the conduct of business. Other than for the promulgation of guidelines and policy statements pursuant to section 994, the Commission may exercise its powers and fulfill its duties by the vote of a simple majority of the members present.
(e) Except as otherwise provided by law, the Commission shall maintain and make available for public inspection a record of the final vote of each member on any action taken by it.
(Added Pub. L. 98–473, title II, § 217(a), Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2024; amended Pub. L. 100–690, title VII, §§ 7104, 7105, 7106(b), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4418; Pub. L. 101–650, title III, § 325(b)(5), Dec. 1, 1990, 104 Stat. 5121; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXVIII, § 280005(c)(1), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2097; Pub. L. 110–177, title V, § 501(a), Jan. 7, 2008, 121 Stat. 2541.)
## Notes
Editorial Notes
Amendments2008—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 110–177, § 501, temporarily added subsec. (f). See Termination Date of 2008 Amendment note below. 1994—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “Chair” for “Chairman”. 1990—Subsec. (a)(22). Pub. L. 101–650 struck out “and” after semicolon at end. 1988—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 100–690, § 7105, substituted “Level 6 of the Senior Executive Service Schedule (5 U.S.C. 5382)” for “grade 18 of the General Schedule pay rates (5 U.S.C. 5332)”. Subsec. (a)(23). Pub. L. 100–690, § 7104, added par. (23). Subsec. (a)(24). Pub. L. 100–690, § 7106(b), added par. (24).
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Termination Date of 2008 AmendmentPub. L. 110–177, title V, § 501(b), Jan. 7, 2008, 121 Stat. 2542, provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall cease to have force and effect on September 30, 2010.”
Effective DateSection effective Oct. 12, 1984, see section 235(a)(1)(B)(i) of Pub. L. 98–473, set out as an Effective Date; Savings Provision note under section 3551 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.
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---
type: "LegalText"
title: "28 U.S.C. § 996"
description: "Director and staff"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 28
title_name: "JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE"
chapter_number: "58"
chapter_name: "UNITED STATES SENTENCING COMMISSION"
section: "996"
citation: "28 U.S.C. § 996"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc28@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t28/s996"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-28/usc28.xml"
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retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 28 U.S.C. § 996 - Director and staff
## Text
(a) The Staff Director shall supervise the activities of persons employed by the Commission and perform other duties assigned to the Staff Director by the Commission.
(b) The Staff Director shall, subject to the approval of the Commission, appoint such officers and employees as are necessary in the execution of the functions of the Commission. The officers and employees of the Commission shall be exempt from the provisions of part III of title 5, except the following: chapters 45 (Incentive Awards), 63 (Leave), 81 (Compensation for Work Injuries), 83 (Retirement), 84 (Federal Employees’ Retirement System), 85 (Unemployment Compensation), 87 (Life Insurance), and 89 (Health Insurance), and subchapter VI of chapter 55 (Payment for accumulated and accrued leave).
(Added Pub. L. 98–473, title II, § 217(a), Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2026; amended Pub. L. 100–690, title VII, § 7106(c), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4418; Pub. L. 101–650, title III, § 325(b)(6), Dec. 1, 1990, 104 Stat. 5121; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXVIII, § 280005(c)(5), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2097; Pub. L. 106–518, title III, § 302(a), Nov. 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 2416; Pub. L. 117–328, div. E, title III, § 308, Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 4672.)
## Notes
Editorial Notes
Amendments2022—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 117–328 inserted “84 (Federal Employees’ Retirement System),” after “83 (Retirement),”. 2000—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 106–518 substituted “except the following: chapters 45 (Incentive Awards), 63 (Leave), 81 (Compensation for Work Injuries), 83 (Retirement), 85 (Unemployment Compensation), 87 (Life Insurance), and 89 (Health Insurance), and subchapter VI of chapter 55 (Payment for accumulated and accrued leave)” for “United States Code, except the following chapters: 45 (Incentive Awards), 81 (Compensation for Work Injuries), 83 (Retirement), 85 (Unemployment Compensation), 87 (Life Insurance), and 89 (Health Insurance)”. 1994—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “the Staff Director” for “him” after “assigned to”. 1990—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–650 substituted “and 89 (Health Insurance)” for “89 (Health Insurance), and 91 (Conflicts of Interest)”. 1988—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 100–690 inserted reference to chapter 45 (Incentive Awards).
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective DateSection effective Oct. 12, 1984, see section 235(a)(1)(B)(i) of Pub. L. 98–473, set out as an Effective Date; Savings Provision note under section 3551 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.
Savings ProvisionPub. L. 106–518, title III, § 302(b), Nov. 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 2417, provided that: “Any leave that an individual accrued or accumulated (or that otherwise became available to such individual) under the leave system of the United States Sentencing Commission and that remains unused as of the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 13, 2000] shall, on and after such date, be treated as leave accrued or accumulated (or that otherwise became available to such individual) under chapter 63 of title 5, United States Code.”
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---
type: "LegalText"
title: "28 U.S.C. § 997"
description: "Annual report"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 28
title_name: "JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE"
chapter_number: "58"
chapter_name: "UNITED STATES SENTENCING COMMISSION"
section: "997"
citation: "28 U.S.C. § 997"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc28@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t28/s997"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-28/usc28.xml"
source_hash: "a1d971a428947c09133c14a9e42f92954703415cb2ffae58a2ebb4154e240337"
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retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 28 U.S.C. § 997 - Annual report
## Text
The Commission shall report annually to the Judicial Conference of the United States, the Congress, and the President of the United States on the activities of the Commission.
(Added Pub. L. 98–473, title II, § 217(a), Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2026.)
## Notes
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective DateSection effective Oct. 12, 1984, see section 235(a)(1)(B)(i) of Pub. L. 98–473, set out as an Effective Date; Savings Provision note under section 3551 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.
Termination of Reporting RequirementsFor termination, effective May 15, 2000, of provisions in this section relating to requirement to report annually to Congress, see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and page 13 of House Document No. 103–7.
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---
type: "LegalText"
title: "28 U.S.C. § 998"
description: "Definitions"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 28
title_name: "JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE"
chapter_number: "58"
chapter_name: "UNITED STATES SENTENCING COMMISSION"
section: "998"
citation: "28 U.S.C. § 998"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc28@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t28/s998"
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retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 28 U.S.C. § 998 - Definitions
## Text
As used in this chapter—
(a) “Commission” means the United States Sentencing Commission;
(b) “Commissioner” means a member of the United States Sentencing Commission;
(c) “guidelines” means the guidelines promulgated by the Commission pursuant to section 994(a) of this title; and
(d) “rules and regulations” means rules and regulations promulgated by the Commission pursuant to section 995 of this title.
(Added Pub. L. 98–473, title II, § 217(a), Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2026.)
## Notes
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective DateSection effective Oct. 12, 1984, see section 235(a)(1)(B)(i) of Pub. L. 98–473, set out as an Effective Date; Savings Provision note under section 3551 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.