Legal corpus: the complete U.S. Code (59,740 sections, all 53 titles)

Ingested titles 12–51 and 54 from OLRC USLM XML @119-100 (the whole Code now, uniform edition; Title 53 is reserved/empty). LegalText 11,221 -> 59,740; repo total 105,704 records. Deterministic (byte-identical rerun, verified on Title 42's 8,356 sections); make check green. make legal-us-code default now covers every title. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-07-06 10:51:44 -04:00
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+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 1"
+description: "Design and duties of bureau generally"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "1"
+chapter_name: "LABOR STATISTICS"
+section: "1"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 1"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s1"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 1 - Design and duties of bureau generally
+
+## Text
+
+The general design and duties of the Bureau of Labor Statistics shall be to acquire and diffuse among the people of the United States useful information on subjects connected with labor, in the most general and comprehensive sense of that word, and especially upon its relation to capital, the hours of labor, the earnings of laboring men and women, and the means of promoting their material, social, intellectual, and moral prosperity.
+
+(June 13, 1888, ch. 389, § 1, 25 Stat. 182; Feb. 14, 1903, ch. 552, § 4, 32 Stat. 826; Mar. 18, 1904, ch. 716, 33 Stat. 136; Mar. 4, 1913, ch. 141, § 3, 37 Stat. 737.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification Act June 27, 1884, created Bureau of Labor in Department of the Interior. Section 1 of act June 13, 1888, created Department of Labor and outlined its general design and duties, and section 9 of that act transferred Bureau of Labor to Department of Labor. Act Feb. 14, 1903, placed Department of Labor under jurisdiction and made it a part of Department of Commerce and Labor. Act Mar. 18, 1904, changed name of Department of Labor to Bureau of Labor in Department of Commerce and Labor. Act Mar. 4, 1913, created Department of Labor and transferred Bureau of Labor from Department of Commerce and Labor to newly created Department of Labor, redesignating such transferred Bureau as Bureau of Labor Statistics.
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Transfer of Functions For transfer of functions of other officers, employees, and agencies of Department of Labor, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of Labor, with power to delegate, see Reorg. Plan No. 6 of 1950, §§ 1, 2, 15 F.R. 3174, 64 Stat. 1263, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 2"
+description: "Collection, collation, and reports of labor statistics"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "1"
+chapter_name: "LABOR STATISTICS"
+section: "2"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 2"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s2"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 2 - Collection, collation, and reports of labor statistics
+
+## Text
+
+The Bureau of Labor Statistics, under the direction of the Secretary of Labor, shall collect, collate, and report at least once each year, or oftener if necessary, full and complete statistics of the conditions of labor and the products and distribution of the products of the same, and to this end said Secretary shall have power to employ any or either of the bureaus provided for his department and to rearrange such statistical work, and to distribute or consolidate the same as may be deemed desirable in the public interests; and said Secretary shall also have authority to call upon other departments of the Government for statistical data and results obtained by them; and said Secretary of Labor may collate, arrange, and publish such statistical information so obtained in such manner as to him may seem wise. The Bureau of Labor Statistics shall also collect, collate, report, and publish at least once each month full and complete statistics of the volume of and changes in employment, as indicated by the number of persons employed, the total wages paid, and the total hours of employment, in the service of the Federal Government, the States and political subdivisions thereof, and in the following industries and their principal branches: (1) Manufacturing; (2) mining, quarrying, and crude petroleum production; (3) building construction; (4) agriculture and lumbering; (5) transportation, communication, and other public utilities; (6) the retail and wholesale trades; and such other industries as the Secretary of Labor may deem it in the public interest to include. Such statistics shall be reported for all such industries and their principal branches throughout the United States and also by States and/or Federal reserve districts and by such smaller geographical subdivisions as the said Secretary may from time to time prescribe. The said Secretary is authorized to arrange with any Federal, State, or municipal bureau or other governmental agency for the collection of such statistics in such manner as he may deem satisfactory, and may assign special agents of the Department of Labor to any such bureau or agency to assist in such collection.
+
+(Mar. 4, 1913, ch. 141, § 4, 37 Stat. 737; July 7, 1930, ch. 873, 46 Stat. 1019.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments1930—Act July 7, 1930, inserted second par.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Census Data on Women-Owned Businesses; Study and ReportFor provisions requiring Bureaus of Labor Statistics and the Census to include certain data on women-owned businesses in census reports, and requiring a study and report on the most cost effective and accurate means to gather and present such data, see section 501 of Pub. L. 100–533, set out as a note under section 131 of Title 13, Census.
+
+Consumer Price Index for Older AmericansPub. L. 100–175, title I, § 191, Nov. 29, 1987, 101 Stat. 967, provided that: “The Secretary of Labor shall, through the Bureau of Labor Statistics, develop, from existing data sources, a reweighted index of consumer prices which reflects the expenditures for consumption by Americans 62 years of age and older. The Secretary shall furnish to the Congress the index within 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 29, 1987]. The Secretary shall include with the index furnished a report which explains the characteristics of the reweighted index, the research necessary to develop and measure accurately the rate of inflation affecting such Americans, and provides estimates of time and cost required for additional activities necessary to carry out the objectives of this section.”
+
+Prison Statistics ReportJoint Res. June 17, 1940, ch. 389, 54 Stat. 401, authorized Bureau of Labor Statistics to furnish a report to Congress before May 1, 1941, on kind, amount, and value of all goods produced in State and Federal prisons.
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Transfer of Functions For transfer of functions of other officers, employees, and agencies of Department of Labor, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of Labor, with power to delegate, see Reorg. Plan No. 6 of 1950, §§ 1, 2, 15 F.R. 3174, 64 Stat. 1263, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
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+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 2a"
+description: "Omitted"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "1"
+chapter_name: "LABOR STATISTICS"
+section: "2a"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 2a"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s2a"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 2a - Omitted
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification Section, act Feb. 24, 1927, ch. 189, title IV, 44 Stat. 1222, which related to collection of statistical reports through local special agents, was from an appropriations act for the Departments of State, Justice, the Judiciary, and Departments of Commerce and Labor for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1928, and was not repeated in subsequent appropriation acts.
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 2b"
+description: "Studies of productivity and labor costs in industries"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "1"
+chapter_name: "LABOR STATISTICS"
+section: "2b"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 2b"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s2b"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 2b - Studies of productivity and labor costs in industries
+
+## Text
+
+The Bureau of Labor Statistics of the United States Department of Labor is authorized and directed to make continuing studies of productivity and labor costs in the manufacturing, mining, transportation, distribution, and other industries.
+
+(June 7, 1940, ch. 267, 54 Stat. 249; Aug. 30, 1954, ch. 1076, § 1(27), 68 Stat. 968.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification Provision of this section authorizing appropriations of up to $100,000 for studies by the bureau in the first fiscal year was omitted.
+
+Amendments1954—Act Aug. 30, 1954, repealed second par. which required Secretary of Labor to submit annually to Congress reports of findings under this section.
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Transfer of Functions For transfer of functions of other officers, employees, and agencies of Department of Labor, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of Labor, with power to delegate, see Reorg. Plan No. 6 of 1950, §§ 1, 2, 15 F.R. 3174, 64 Stat. 1263, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 3"
+description: "Commissioner; appointment and tenure of office; compensation"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "1"
+chapter_name: "LABOR STATISTICS"
+section: "3"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 3"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s3"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 3 - Commissioner; appointment and tenure of office; compensation
+
+## Text
+
+The Bureau of Labor Statistics shall be under the charge of a Commissioner of Labor Statistics, who shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate; he shall hold his office for four years, unless sooner removed, and shall receive a salary.
+
+(June 27, 1884, ch. 127, 23 Stat. 60; June 13, 1888, ch. 389, § 2, 25 Stat. 182; Mar. 18, 1904, ch. 716, 33 Stat. 136; Mar. 4, 1913, ch. 141, § 3, 37 Stat. 737.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification Act June 13, 1888, raised salary from $3,000 to $5,000 per annum. Act Mar. 18, 1904, changed name of Department of Labor to Bureau of Labor. Act Mar. 4, 1913, authorized the substitution of “Commissioner of Labor Statistics” and “Bureau of Labor Statistics” for “Commissioner of Labor” and “Bureau of Labor”, respectively. Words “of five thousand dollars per annum” at end of section were omitted as superseded by the Classification Acts. See sections 5101 et seq. and 5331 et seq. of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Transfer of Functions For transfer of functions of other officers, employees, and agencies of Department of Labor, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of Labor, with power to delegate, see Reorg. Plan No. 6 of 1950, §§ 1, 2, 15 F.R. 3174, 64 Stat. 1263, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 4"
+description: "Duties of Commissioner in general"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "1"
+chapter_name: "LABOR STATISTICS"
+section: "4"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 4"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s4"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 4 - Duties of Commissioner in general
+
+## Text
+
+It shall be the duty of the Commissioner of Labor Statistics to ascertain the effect of the customs laws, and the effect thereon of the state of the currency, in the United States, on the agricultural industry, especially as to its effect on mortgage indebtedness of farmers. He shall also establish a system of reports by which, at intervals of not less than two years, he can report the general condition, so far as production is concerned, of the leading industries of the country. He is also specially charged to investigate the causes of, and facts relating to, all controversies and disputes between employers and employees as they may occur, and which may tend to interfere with the welfare of the people of the different States. He shall also obtain such information upon the various subjects committed to him as he may deem desirable from different foreign nations, and what, if any, convict-made goods are imported into this country, and if so from whence.
+
+(June 13, 1888, ch. 389, § 7, 25 Stat. 183; Aug. 23, 1912, ch. 350, § 1, 37 Stat. 407; Mar. 4, 1913, ch. 141, § 3, 37 Stat. 737; May 29, 1928, ch. 901, § 1(110), (111), 45 Stat. 994.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification Section is from act June 13, 1888. Act June 13, 1888, also contained other provisions relating to duties of former Commissioner of Labor to ascertain cost of producing, in leading countries, articles dutiable in United States, comparative cost of living, etc., which have been omitted from this section because of act Aug. 23, 1912, transferring those duties to Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce. Act Aug. 23, 1912, transferred the duty of former Commissioner of Labor to ascertain the cost of producing, in leading countries, articles dutiable in the United States, the profits of the manufacturers and producers of such articles, the comparative cost of such articles, comparative cost of living in such countries, what articles are controlled by trusts and the effect they have on prices and production, to the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce. Text of said act is set out as section 172 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. Act Mar. 4, 1913, authorized the substitution of “Commissioner of Labor Statistics” for “Commissioner of Labor”.
+
+Amendments1928—Act May 29, 1928, repealed provisions requiring reports to Congress on investigations required by this section, and is authority for omission of “and report as to” after “ascertain” in first sentence and “and report thereon to Congress” at end of third sentence relating to information from foreign nations, and convict made goods.
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Transfer of Functions For transfer of functions of other officers, employees, and agencies of Department of Labor, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of Labor, with power to delegate, see Reorg. Plan No. 6 of 1950, §§ 1, 2, 15 F.R. 3174, 64 Stat. 1263, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 5"
+description: "Bulletin as to labor conditions"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "1"
+chapter_name: "LABOR STATISTICS"
+section: "5"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 5"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s5"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "c5e69dcbe3a6e164c86ce5cf4610ecd8a168bcc2e045ba53401f6ccab745009f"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 5 - Bulletin as to labor conditions
+
+## Text
+
+The Commissioner of Labor Statistics is authorized to prepare and publish a bulletin of the Bureau of Labor Statistics, as to the condition of labor in this and other countries, condensations of State and foreign labor reports, facts as to conditions of employment, and such other facts as may be deemed of value to the industrial interests of the country.
+
+(Mar. 2, 1895, ch. 177, § 1, 28 Stat. 805; Mar. 18, 1904, ch. 716, 33 Stat. 136; Mar. 4, 1913, ch. 141, § 3, 37 Stat. 737.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification Provision of act Mar. 2, 1895, as to printing of the bulletin for distribution is covered by section 1324 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents. Act Mar. 18, 1904, changed name of Department of Labor to Bureau of Labor. Act Mar. 4, 1913, authorized substitution of “Commissioner of Labor Statistics” and “Bureau of Labor Statistics” for “Commissioner of Labor” and “Bureau of Labor”, respectively.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Statistics of CitiesCommissioner authorized to compile, as part of bulletin of Department, an abstract of main features of official statistics of cities having over 30,000 population, by a provision of act July 1, 1898, ch. 546, § 1, 30 Stat. 648.
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Transfer of Functions For transfer of functions of other officers, employees, and agencies of Department of Labor, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of Labor, with power to delegate, see Reorg. Plan No. 6 of 1950, §§ 1, 2, 15 F.R. 3174, 64 Stat. 1263, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 6"
+description: "Annual and special reports to President and Congress"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "1"
+chapter_name: "LABOR STATISTICS"
+section: "6"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 6"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s6"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "eeebccd455940e0d13671031220057b28470fd93675514dab33cd352a79fce59"
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+text_hash: "77b5099fb670ddf9e57dd1a44e39c0a691078caeb9f579534fd0b923d290edf1"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 6 - Annual and special reports to President and Congress
+
+## Text
+
+The Commissioner of Labor Statistics shall annually make a report in writing to the President and Congress, of the information collected and collated by him, and containing such recommendations as he may deem calculated to promote the efficiency of the department. He is also authorized to make special reports on particular subjects whenever required to do so by the President or either House of Congress, or when he shall think the subjects in his charge require it. He shall, on or before the 15th day of March in each year, make a report in detail to Congress of all moneys expended under his direction during the preceding fiscal year.
+
+(June 13, 1888, ch. 389, § 8, 25 Stat. 183; Mar. 4, 1913, ch. 141, § 3, 37 Stat. 737; Pub. L. 94–273, § 5(3), Apr. 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 377.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification Act Mar. 4, 1913, authorized substitution of “Commissioner of Labor Statistics” for “Commissioner of Labor”.
+
+Amendments1976—Pub. L. 94–273 substituted “March” for “December”.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Termination of Reporting RequirementsFor termination, effective May 15, 2000, of provisions in this section requiring the Commissioner of Labor Statistics, on or before March 15 each year, to report to Congress on all moneys expended under the Commissioner’s direction, see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and page 124 of House Document No. 103–7.
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Transfer of Functions For transfer of functions of other officers, employees, and agencies of Department of Labor, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of Labor, with power to delegate, see Reorg. Plan No. 6 of 1950, §§ 1, 2, 15 F.R. 174, 64 Stat. 1263, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 7"
+description: "Repealed. Pub. L. 86–3, §§ 15, 23, Mar. 18, 1959, 73 Stat. 11, 13; Pub. L. 96–470, title I, § 110, Oct. 19, 1980, 94 Stat. 2239"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "1"
+chapter_name: "LABOR STATISTICS"
+section: "7"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 7"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s7"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "40b945af83ce096df83e974ca9e47d638cec722a10540803b337dd1861671add"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 7 - Repealed. Pub. L. 86–3, §§ 15, 23, Mar. 18, 1959, 73 Stat. 11, 13; Pub. L. 96–470, title I, § 110, Oct. 19, 1980, 94 Stat. 2239
+
+## Notes
+
+Section, acts Apr. 30, 1900, ch. 339, § 76, 31 Stat. 155; Apr. 8, 1904, ch. 948, 33 Stat. 164; Mar. 4, 1913, ch. 141, § 3, 37 Stat. 737, directed United States Commissioner of Labor Statistics to assemble and report on statistical details relating to all departments of labor in Territory of Hawaii.
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 8"
+description: "Unemployment data relating to Americans of Spanish origin or descent"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "1"
+chapter_name: "LABOR STATISTICS"
+section: "8"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 8"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s8"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "986eca53ba5d7c537e68a545c783bbd38d85b151c0e38172cb7cdf25a688853c"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 8 - Unemployment data relating to Americans of Spanish origin or descent
+
+## Text
+
+The Department of Labor, in cooperation with the Department of Commerce, shall develop methods for improving and expanding the collection, analysis, and publication of unemployment data relating to Americans of Spanish origin or descent.
+
+(Pub. L. 94–311, § 1, June 16, 1976, 90 Stat. 688.)
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 9"
+description: "Authorization of special studies, compilations, and transcripts on request; cost"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "1"
+chapter_name: "LABOR STATISTICS"
+section: "9"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 9"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s9"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "b8773d3d488bb51956286fa1f06658bdf8447586e86172c28a947a3b02daec83"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 9 - Authorization of special studies, compilations, and transcripts on request; cost
+
+## Text
+
+The Department of Labor is authorized, within the discretion of the Secretary of Labor, upon the written request of any person, to make special statistical studies relating to employment, hours of work, wages, and other conditions of employment; to prepare from its records special statistical compilations; and to furnish transcripts of its studies, tables, and other records, upon the payment of the actual cost of such work by the person requesting it.
+
+(Apr. 13, 1934, ch. 118, § 1, 48 Stat. 582; Apr. 11, 1935, ch. 59, 49 Stat. 154; June 15, 1937, ch. 349, 50 Stat. 259; Apr. 15, 1939, ch. 71, 53 Stat. 581.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification This section and sections 9a and 9b of this title comprised sections 1 to 3 of act Apr. 13, 1934. Section 4 of that act provided as follows: “This Act shall cease to be effective one year after the date of its enactment.” The act was temporarily extended by acts Apr. 11, 1935, and June 15, 1937, and was made permanent by act Apr. 15, 1939.
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 9a"
+description: "Credit of receipts"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "1"
+chapter_name: "LABOR STATISTICS"
+section: "9a"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 9a"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s9a"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 9a - Credit of receipts
+
+## Text
+
+All moneys hereinafter 11 So in original. Probably should be “hereafter”. received by the Department of Labor in payment of the cost of such work shall be deposited to the credit of the appropriation of that bureau, service, office, division, or other agency of the Department of Labor which supervised such work, and may be used, in the discretion of the Secretary of Labor, and notwithstanding any other provision of law, for the ordinary expenses of such agency and/or to secure the special services of persons who are neither officers nor employees of the United States.
+
+(Apr. 13, 1934, ch. 118, § 2, 48 Stat. 582; Apr. 11, 1935, ch. 59, 49 Stat. 154; June 15, 1937, ch. 349, 50 Stat. 259; Apr. 15, 1939, ch. 71, 53 Stat. 581.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification This section and sections 9 and 9b of this title comprised sections 1 to 3 of act Apr. 13, 1934, which were to terminate one year after Apr. 13, 1934, pursuant to section 4 of act Apr. 13, 1934, set out as a Codification note under section 9 of this title. Such sections were temporarily extended by acts Apr. 11, 1935, and June 15, 1937, and were made permanent by act Apr. 15, 1939.
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 9b"
+description: "Rules and regulations"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "1"
+chapter_name: "LABOR STATISTICS"
+section: "9b"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 9b"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s9b"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "d644a3c449144eae380ee884b4dfb9898cb21f1be29b4f4ff2e6a84b9b1260d8"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 9b - Rules and regulations
+
+## Text
+
+The Secretary of Labor shall prescribe rules and regulations for the enforcement of sections 9 and 9a of this title.
+
+(Apr. 13, 1934, ch. 118, § 3, 48 Stat. 583; Apr. 11, 1935, ch. 59, 49 Stat. 154; June 15, 1937, ch. 349, 50 Stat. 259; Apr. 15, 1939, ch. 71, 53 Stat. 581; Aug. 7, 1946, ch. 770, § 1(16), 60 Stat. 867.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification This section and sections 9 and 9a of this title comprised sections 1 to 3 of act Apr. 13, 1934, which were to terminate one year after Apr. 13, 1934, pursuant to section 4 of act Apr. 13, 1934, set out as a Codification note under section 9 of this title. Such sections were temporarily extended by acts Apr. 11, 1935, and June 15, 1937, and were made permanent by act Apr. 15, 1939.
+
+Amendments1946—Act Aug. 7, 1946, repealed provisions requiring Secretary of the Interior to make annual reports to Congress.
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 301 to 309"
+description: "Repealed. Pub. L. 93–406, title I, § 111(a)(1), Sept. 2, 1974, 88 Stat. 851"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "10"
+chapter_name: "DISCLOSURE OF WELFARE AND PENSION PLANS"
+section: "301 to 309"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 301 to 309"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s301...309"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "2b5088c71d8dd3417ab86195f81f8c16358e90ba46f5fd8bbd287b95d00ec5e7"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 301 to 309 - Repealed. Pub. L. 93–406, title I, § 111(a)(1), Sept. 2, 1974, 88 Stat. 851
+
+## Notes
+
+Section 301, Pub. L. 85–836, § 2, Aug. 28, 1958, 72 Stat. 997, set forth Congressional findings and policy with respect to welfare and pension plan disclosure. See section 1001 of this title.
+
+Section 302, Pub. L. 85–836, § 3, Aug. 28, 1958, 72 Stat. 997; Pub. L. 86–624, § 21(d), July 12, 1960, 74 Stat. 417; Pub. L. 87–420, §§ 2–5, Mar. 20, 1962, 76 Stat. 35, provided definitions for this chapter. See section 1002 of this title.
+
+Section 303, Pub. L. 85–836, § 4, Aug. 28, 1958, 72 Stat. 998; Pub. L. 87–420, § 6, Mar. 20, 1962, 76 Stat. 35, related to plans covered within chapter. See section 1003 of this title.
+
+Section 304, Pub. L. 85–836, § 5, Aug. 28, 1958, 72 Stat. 998; Pub. L. 87–420, § 7, Mar. 20, 1962, 76 Stat. 36, related to duties of administrator and definition of “administrator”. See sections 1002(16)(A) and 1021 of this title.
+
+Section 305, Pub. L. 85–836, § 6, Aug. 28, 1958, 72 Stat. 999; Pub. L. 87–420, § 8, Mar. 20, 1962, 76 Stat. 36, related to time for publication and contents of plan. See section 1022 of this title.
+
+Section 306, Pub. L. 85–836, § 7, Aug. 28, 1958, 72 Stat. 1000; Pub. L. 87–420, §§ 9–13, Mar. 20, 1962, 76 Stat. 36, 37, related to time for publication, contents, etc., of annual reports. See section 1023 of this title.
+
+Section 307, Pub. L. 85–836, § 8, Aug. 28, 1958, 72 Stat. 1002; Pub. L. 87–420, §§ 14, 18, Mar. 20, 1962, 76 Stat. 37, 43, related to publication of description of plan and annual report. See section 1024 of this title.
+
+Section 308, Pub. L. 85–836, § 9, Aug. 28, 1958, 72 Stat. 1002; Pub. L. 87–420, § 15, Mar. 20, 1962, 76 Stat. 37, related to enforcement provisions. See section 1131 et seq. of this title.
+
+Section 308a, Pub. L. 85–836, § 10, as added Pub. L. 87–420, § 16(a), Mar. 20, 1962, 76 Stat. 38, related to reports as public information. See section 1026 of this title.
+
+Section 308b, Pub. L. 85–836, § 11, as added Pub. L. 87–420, § 16(a), Mar. 20, 1962, 76 Stat. 38, related to retention of records. See section 1027 of this title.
+
+Section 308c, Pub. L. 85–836, § 12, as added Pub. L. 87–420, § 16(a), Mar. 20, 1962, 76 Stat. 38, related to reliance on administrative interpretations and forms. See section 1028 of this title.
+
+Section 308d, Pub. L. 85–836, § 13, as added Pub. L. 87–420, § 16(a), Mar. 20, 1962, 76 Stat. 39, related to bonding requirements. See section 1112 of this title.
+
+Section 308e, Pub. L. 85–836, § 14, as added Pub. L. 87–420, § 16(a), Mar. 20, 1962, 76 Stat. 40, related to establishment, membership, duties, etc., of Advisory Council on Employee Welfare and Pension Benefit Plans. See section 1142 of this title.
+
+Section 308f, Pub. L. 85–836, § 15, as added Pub. L. 87–420, § 16(a), Mar. 20, 1962, 76 Stat. 41, related to administration of provisions of chapter. See section 1137 of this title.
+
+Section 309, Pub. L. 85–836, § 16, formerly § 10, Aug. 28, 1958, 72 Stat. 1002, renumbered and amended Pub. L. 87–420, § 16(a), (b), Mar. 20, 1962, 76 Stat. 38, 41, related to effect of other laws on provisions of this chapter. See section 1144 of this title.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of RepealRepeal effective Jan. 1, 1975, except that chapter to remain applicable to any conduct and events which occurred before Jan. 1, 1975, see section 1031 of this title. The Secretary of Labor was empowered, in the case of a plan which has a plan year which begins before Jan. 1, 1975, and ends after Dec. 31, 1974, to postpone by regulation the effective date of the repeal of any provision of this chapter until the beginning of the first plan year of such plan which begins after Jan. 1, 1975, pursuant to section 1031(b)(2) of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 401"
+description: "Congressional declaration of findings, purposes, and policy"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE PROCEDURE"
+section: "401"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 401"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s401"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 401 - Congressional declaration of findings, purposes, and policy
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Standards for labor-management relations The Congress finds that, in the public interest, it continues to be the responsibility of the Federal Government to protect employees’ rights to organize, choose their own representatives, bargain collectively, and otherwise engage in concerted activities for their mutual aid or protection; that the relations between employers and labor organizations and the millions of workers they represent have a substantial impact on the commerce of the Nation; and that in order to accomplish the objective of a free flow of commerce it is essential that labor organizations, employers, and their officials adhere to the highest standards of responsibility and ethical conduct in administering the affairs of their organizations, particularly as they affect labor-management relations.
+
+(b) Protection of rights of employees and the public The Congress further finds, from recent investigations in the labor and management fields, that there have been a number of instances of breach of trust, corruption, disregard of the rights of individual employees, and other failures to observe high standards of responsibility and ethical conduct which require further and supplementary legislation that will afford necessary protection of the rights and interests of employees and the public generally as they relate to the activities of labor organizations, employers, labor relations consultants, and their officers and representatives.
+
+(c) Necessity to eliminate or prevent improper practices The Congress, therefore, further finds and declares that the enactment of this chapter is necessary to eliminate or prevent improper practices on the part of labor organizations, employers, labor relations consultants, and their officers and representatives which distort and defeat the policies of the Labor Management Relations Act, 1947, as amended [29 U.S.C. 141 et seq.], and the Railway Labor Act, as amended [45 U.S.C. 151 et seq.], and have the tendency or necessary effect of burdening or obstructing commerce by (1) impairing the efficiency, safety, or operation of the instrumentalities of commerce; (2) occurring in the current of commerce; (3) materially affecting, restraining, or controlling the flow of raw materials or manufactured or processed goods into or from the channels of commerce, or the prices of such materials or goods in commerce; or (4) causing diminution of employment and wages in such volume as substantially to impair or disrupt the market for goods flowing into or from the channels of commerce.
+
+(Pub. L. 86–257, § 2, Sept. 14, 1959, 73 Stat. 519.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThis chapter, referred to in subsec. (c), was in the original “this Act”, meaning Pub. L. 86–257, Sept. 14, 1959, 73 Stat. 519, known as the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959, which enacted this chapter, amended sections 153, 158, 159, 160, 164, 186, and 187 of this title, and enacted provisions set out as notes under sections 153, 158, and 481 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out below and Tables. The Labor Management Relations Act, 1947, referred to in subsec. (c), is act June 23, 1947, ch. 120, 61 Stat. 136, which is classified principally to chapter 7 (§ 141 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 141 of this title and Tables. The Railway Labor Act, referred to in subsec. (c), is act May 20, 1926, ch. 347, 44 Stat. 577, which is classified principally to chapter 8 (§ 151 et seq.) of Title 45, Railroads. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 151 of Title 45 and Tables.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Short TitlePub. L. 86–257, § 1, Sept. 14, 1959, 73 Stat. 519, provided that: “This Act [enacting this chapter, amending sections 153, 158, 159, 160, 164, 186, and 187 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 153, 158, and 481 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959’.”
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+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 402"
+description: "Definitions"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE PROCEDURE"
+section: "402"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 402"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 402 - Definitions
+
+## Text
+
+For the purposes of this chapter—
+
+(a) “Commerce” means trade, traffic, commerce, transportation, transmission, or communication among the several States or between any State and any place outside thereof.
+
+(b) “State” includes any State of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Guam, Wake Island, the Canal Zone, and Outer Continental Shelf lands defined in the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act [43 U.S.C. 1331 et seq.].
+
+(c) “Industry affecting commerce” means any activity, business, or industry in commerce or in which a labor dispute would hinder or obstruct commerce or the free flow of commerce and includes any activity or industry “affecting commerce” within the meaning of the Labor Management Relations Act, 1947, as amended [29 U.S.C. 141 et seq.], or the Railway Labor Act, as amended [45 U.S.C. 151 et seq.].
+
+(d) “Person” includes one or more individuals, labor organizations, partnerships, associations, corporations, legal representatives, mutual companies, joint-stock companies, trusts, unincorporated organizations, trustees, trustees in cases under title 11, or receivers.
+
+(e) “Employer” means any employer or any group or association of employers engaged in an industry affecting commerce (1) which is, with respect to employees engaged in an industry affecting commerce, an employer within the meaning of any law of the United States relating to the employment of any employees or (2) which may deal with any labor organization concerning grievances, labor disputes, wages, rates of pay, hours of employment, or conditions of work, and includes any person acting directly or indirectly as an employer or as an agent of an employer in relation to an employee but does not include the United States or any corporation wholly owned by the Government of the United States or any State or political subdivision thereof.
+
+(f) “Employee” means any individual employed by an employer, and includes any individual whose work has ceased as a consequence of, or in connection with, any current labor dispute or because of any unfair labor practice or because of exclusion or expulsion from a labor organization in any manner or for any reason inconsistent with the requirements of this chapter.
+
+(g) “Labor dispute” includes any controversy concerning terms, tenure, or conditions of employment, or concerning the association or representation of persons in negotiating, fixing, maintaining, changing, or seeking to arrange terms or conditions of employment, regardless of whether the disputants stand in the proximate relation of employer and employee.
+
+(h) “Trusteeship” means any receivership, trusteeship, or other method of supervision or control whereby a labor organization suspends the autonomy otherwise available to a subordinate body under its constitution or bylaws.
+
+(i) “Labor organization” means a labor organization engaged in an industry affecting commerce and includes any organization of any kind, any agency, or employee representation committee, group, association, or plan so engaged in which employees participate and which exists for the purpose, in whole or in part, of dealing with employers concerning grievances, labor disputes, wages, rates of pay, hours, or other terms or conditions of employment, and any conference, general committee, joint or system board, or joint council so engaged which is subordinate to a national or international labor organization, other than a State or local central body.
+
+(j) A labor organization shall be deemed to be engaged in an industry affecting commerce if it—
+
+(1) is the certified representative of employees under the provisions of the National Labor Relations Act, as amended [29 U.S.C. 151 et seq.], or the Railway Labor Act, as amended [45 U.S.C. 151 et seq.]; or
+
+(2) although not certified, is a national or international labor organization or a local labor organization recognized or acting as the representative of employees of an employer or employers engaged in an industry affecting commerce; or
+
+(3) has chartered a local labor organization or subsidiary body which is representing or actively seeking to represent employees of employers within the meaning of paragraph (1) or (2); or
+
+(4) has been chartered by a labor organization representing or actively seeking to represent employees within the meaning of paragraph (1) or (2) as the local or subordinate body through which such employees may enjoy membership or become affiliated with such labor organization; or
+
+(5) is a conference, general committee, joint or system board, or joint council, subordinate to a national or international labor organization, which includes a labor organization engaged in an industry affecting commerce within the meaning of any of the preceding paragraphs of this subsection, other than a State or local central body.
+
+(k) “Secret ballot” means the expression by ballot, voting machine, or otherwise, but in no event by proxy, of a choice with respect to any election or vote taken upon any matter, which is cast in such a manner that the person expressing such choice cannot be identified with the choice expressed.
+
+(l) “Trust in which a labor organization is interested” means a trust or other fund or organization (1) which was created or established by a labor organization, or one or more of the trustees or one or more members of the governing body of which is selected or appointed by a labor organization, and (2) a primary purpose of which is to provide benefits for the members of such labor organization or their beneficiaries.
+
+(m) “Labor relations consultant” means any person who, for compensation, advises or represents an employer, employer organization, or labor organization concerning employee organizing, concerted activities, or collective bargaining activities.
+
+(n) “Officer” means any constitutional officer, any person authorized to perform the functions of president, vice president, secretary, treasurer, or other executive functions of a labor organization, and any member of its executive board or similar governing body.
+
+(o) “Member” or “member in good standing”, when used in reference to a labor organization, includes any person who has fulfilled the requirements for membership in such organization, and who neither has voluntarily withdrawn from membership nor has been expelled or suspended from membership after appropriate proceedings consistent with lawful provisions of the constitution and bylaws of such organization.
+
+(p) “Secretary” means the Secretary of Labor.
+
+(q) “Officer, agent, shop steward, or other representative”, when used with respect to a labor organization, includes elected officials and key administrative personnel, whether elected or appointed (such as business agents, heads of departments or major units, and organizers who exercise substantial independent authority), but does not include salaried nonsupervisory professional staff, stenographic, and service personnel.
+
+(r) “District court of the United States” means a United States district court and a United States court of any place subject to the jurisdiction of the United States.
+
+(Pub. L. 86–257, § 3, Sept. 14, 1959, 73 Stat. 520; Pub. L. 95–598, title III, § 320, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2678.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThis chapter, referred to in the opening phrase, was in the original “titles I, II, III, IV, V (except section 505), and VI of this Act”, which reference includes those sections of the Act which are classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of such titles to the Code, see Tables. For definition of Canal Zone, referred to in subsec. (b), see section 3602(b) of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. The Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act, referred to in subsec. (b), is act Aug. 7, 1953, ch. 345, 67 Stat. 462, which is classified generally to subchapter III (§ 1331 et seq.) of chapter 29 of Title 43, Public Lands. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1301 of Title 43 and Tables. The Labor Management Relations Act, 1947, referred to in subsec. (c), is act June 23, 1947, ch. 120, 61 Stat. 136, which is classified principally to chapter 7 (§ 141 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 141 of this title and Tables. This chapter, referred to in subsec. (f), was in the original “this Act”, meaning Pub. L. 86–257, Sept. 14, 1959, 73 Stat. 519, known as the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959, which enacted this chapter, amended sections 153, 158, 159, 160, 164, 186, and 187 of this title, and enacted provisions set out as notes under sections 153, 158, and 481 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 401 of this title and Tables. The Railway Labor Act, referred to in subsecs. (c) and (j)(1), is act May 20, 1926, ch. 347, 44 Stat. 577, which is classified principally to chapter 8 (§ 151 et seq.) of Title 45, Railroads. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 151 of Title 45 and Tables. The National Labor Relations Act, referred to in subsec. (j)(1), is act July 5, 1935, ch. 372, 49 Stat. 452, which is classified generally to subchapter II (§ 151 et seq.) of chapter 7 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 167 of this title and Tables.
+
+Amendments1978—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 95–598 substituted “cases under title 11” for “bankruptcy”.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 1978 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 95–598 effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 402(a) of Pub. L. 95–598, set out as an Effective Date note preceding section 101 of Title 11, Bankruptcy.
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 411"
+description: "Bill of rights; constitution and bylaws of labor organizations"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE PROCEDURE"
+section: "411"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 411"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s411"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 411 - Bill of rights; constitution and bylaws of labor organizations
+
+## Text
+
+(a) (1) Equal rights Every member of a labor organization shall have equal rights and privileges within such organization to nominate candidates, to vote in elections or referendums of the labor organization, to attend membership meetings, and to participate in the deliberations and voting upon the business of such meetings, subject to reasonable rules and regulations in such organization’s constitution and bylaws.
+
+(2) Freedom of speech and assembly Every member of any labor organization shall have the right to meet and assemble freely with other members; and to express any views, arguments, or opinions; and to express at meetings of the labor organization his views, upon candidates in an election of the labor organization or upon any business properly before the meeting, subject to the organization’s established and reasonable rules pertaining to the conduct of meetings: Provided, That nothing herein shall be construed to impair the right of a labor organization to adopt and enforce reasonable rules as to the responsibility of every member toward the organization as an institution and to his refraining from conduct that would interfere with its performance of its legal or contractual obligations.
+
+(3) Dues, initiation fees, and assessments Except in the case of a federation of national or international labor organizations, the rates of dues and initiation fees payable by members of any labor organization in effect on September 14, 1959 shall not be increased, and no general or special assessment shall be levied upon such members, except—
+
+(A) in the case of a local labor organization, (i) by majority vote by secret ballot of the members in good standing voting at a general or special membership meeting, after reasonable notice of the intention to vote upon such question, or (ii) by majority vote of the members in good standing voting in a membership referendum conducted by secret ballot; or
+
+(B) in the case of a labor organization, other than a local labor organization or a federation of national or international labor organizations, (i) by majority vote of the delegates voting at a regular convention, or at a special convention of such labor organization held upon not less than thirty days’ written notice to the principal office of each local or constituent labor organization entitled to such notice, or (ii) by majority vote of the members in good standing of such labor organization voting in a membership referendum conducted by secret ballot, or (iii) by majority vote of the members of the executive board or similar governing body of such labor organization, pursuant to express authority contained in the constitution and bylaws of such labor organization: Provided, That such action on the part of the executive board or similar governing body shall be effective only until the next regular convention of such labor organization.
+
+(4) Protection of the right to sue No labor organization shall limit the right of any member thereof to institute an action in any court, or in a proceeding before any administrative agency, irrespective of whether or not the labor organization or its officers are named as defendants or respondents in such action or proceeding, or the right of any member of a labor organization to appear as a witness in any judicial, administrative, or legislative proceeding, or to petition any legislature or to communicate with any legislator: Provided, That any such member may be required to exhaust reasonable hearing procedures (but not to exceed a four-month lapse of time) within such organization, before instituting legal or administrative proceedings against such organizations or any officer thereof: And provided further, That no interested employer or employer association shall directly or indirectly finance, encourage, or participate in, except as a party, any such action, proceeding, appearance, or petition.
+
+(5) Safeguards against improper disciplinary action No member of any labor organization may be fined, suspended, expelled, or otherwise disciplined except for nonpayment of dues by such organization or by any officer thereof unless such member has been (A) served with written specific charges; (B) given a reasonable time to prepare his defense; (C) afforded a full and fair hearing.
+
+(b) Invalidity of constitution and bylaws Any provision of the constitution and bylaws of any labor organization which is inconsistent with the provisions of this section shall be of no force or effect.
+
+(Pub. L. 86–257, title I, § 101, Sept. 14, 1959, 73 Stat. 522.)
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 412"
+description: "Civil action for infringement of rights; jurisdiction"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE PROCEDURE"
+section: "412"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 412"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s412"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 412 - Civil action for infringement of rights; jurisdiction
+
+## Text
+
+Any person whose rights secured by the provisions of this subchapter have been infringed by any violation of this subchapter may bring a civil action in a district court of the United States for such relief (including injunctions) as may be appropriate. Any such action against a labor organization shall be brought in the district court of the United States for the district where the alleged violation occurred, or where the principal office of such labor organization is located.
+
+(Pub. L. 86–257, title I, § 102, Sept. 14, 1959, 73 Stat. 523.)
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 413"
+description: "Retention of existing rights of members"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE PROCEDURE"
+section: "413"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 413"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s413"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "17d50ab9b6f8697f9670a067f8a6cbb52fbc1e36895d06a60d07253a038c8074"
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+text_hash: "582ea2d2d7abccac74d960ede12078a3adb9ea46b573c0a947eecf1629d62f7c"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 413 - Retention of existing rights of members
+
+## Text
+
+Nothing contained in this subchapter shall limit the rights and remedies of any member of a labor organization under any State or Federal law or before any court or other tribunal, or under the constitution and bylaws of any labor organization.
+
+(Pub. L. 86–257, title I, § 103, Sept. 14, 1959, 73 Stat. 523.)
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 414"
+description: "Right to copies of collective bargaining agreements"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE PROCEDURE"
+section: "414"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 414"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s414"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "f9d82cd7ac5d7aabe06d8cd4ca43218da80e4f6979504c3defe3f75e02f9055a"
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+text_hash: "a0d6600f6ccc6c545a6ffc32de377981013f07c38f37976c04db21874297b477"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 414 - Right to copies of collective bargaining agreements
+
+## Text
+
+It shall be the duty of the secretary or corresponding principal officer of each labor organization, in the case of a local labor organization, to forward a copy of each collective bargaining agreement made by such labor organization with any employer to any employee who requests such a copy and whose rights as such employee are directly affected by such agreement, and in the case of a labor organization other than a local labor organization, to forward a copy of any such agreement to each constituent unit which has members directly affected by such agreement; and such officer shall maintain at the principal office of the labor organization of which he is an officer copies of any such agreement made or received by such labor organization, which copies shall be available for inspection by any member or by any employee whose rights are affected by such agreement. The provisions of section 440 of this title shall be applicable in the enforcement of this section.
+
+(Pub. L. 86–257, title I, § 104, Sept. 14, 1959, 73 Stat. 523.)
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 415"
+description: "Information to members of provisions of chapter"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE PROCEDURE"
+section: "415"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 415"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s415"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "a08e014a87d726a615ee4b0454508774c0e4fa2a27365110fb4e4a003d07af3f"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 415 - Information to members of provisions of chapter
+
+## Text
+
+Every labor organization shall inform its members concerning the provisions of this chapter.
+
+(Pub. L. 86–257, title I, § 105, Sept. 14, 1959, 73 Stat. 523.)
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 431"
+description: "Report of labor organizations"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE PROCEDURE"
+section: "431"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 431"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s431"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "be3195e5e5a6740dc109722f15b51b011224b91a8df68d7e5082f7942849e44b"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 431 - Report of labor organizations
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Adoption and filing of constitution and bylaws; contents of report Every labor organization shall adopt a constitution and bylaws and shall file a copy thereof with the Secretary, together with a report, signed by its president and secretary or corresponding principal officers, containing the following information—
+
+(1) the name of the labor organization, its mailing address, and any other address at which it maintains its principal office or at which it keeps the records referred to in this subchapter;
+
+(2) the name and title of each of its officers;
+
+(3) the initiation fee or fees required from a new or transferred member and fees for work permits required by the reporting labor organization;
+
+(4) the regular dues or fees or other periodic payments required to remain a member of the reporting labor organization; and
+
+(5) detailed statements, or references to specific provisions of documents filed under this subsection which contain such statements, showing the provision made and procedures followed with respect to each of the following: (A) qualifications for or restrictions on membership, (B) levying of assessments, (C) participation in insurance or other benefit plans, (D) authorization for disbursement of funds of the labor organization, (E) audit of financial transactions of the labor organization, (F) the calling of regular and special meetings, (G) the selection of officers and stewards and of any representatives to other bodies composed of labor organizations’ representatives, with a specific statement of the manner in which each officer was elected, appointed, or otherwise selected, (H) discipline or removal of officers or agents for breaches of their trust, (I) imposition of fines, suspensions, and expulsions of members, including the grounds for such action and any provision made for notice, hearing, judgment on the evidence, and appeal procedures, (J) authorization for bargaining demands, (K) ratification of contract terms, (L) authorization for strikes, and (M) issuance of work permits. Any change in the information required by this subsection shall be reported to the Secretary at the time the reporting labor organization files with the Secretary the annual financial report required by subsection (b).
+
+(b) Annual financial report; filing; contents Every labor organization shall file annually with the Secretary a financial report signed by its president and treasurer or corresponding principal officers containing the following information in such detail as may be necessary accurately to disclose its financial condition and operations for its preceding fiscal year—
+
+(1) assets and liabilities at the beginning and end of the fiscal year;
+
+(2) receipts of any kind and the sources thereof;
+
+(3) salary, allowances, and other direct or indirect disbursements (including reimbursed expenses) to each officer and also to each employee who, during such fiscal year, received more than $10,000 in the aggregate from such labor organization and any other labor organization affiliated with it or with which it is affiliated, or which is affiliated with the same national or international labor organization;
+
+(4) direct and indirect loans made to any officer, employee, or member, which aggregated more than $250 during the fiscal year, together with a statement of the purpose, security, if any, and arrangements for repayment;
+
+(5) direct and indirect loans to any business enterprise, together with a statement of the purpose, security, if any, and arrangements for repayment; and
+
+(6) other disbursements made by it including the purposes thereof;
+
+all in such categories as the Secretary may prescribe.
+
+(c) Availability of information to members; examination of books, records, and accounts Every labor organization required to submit a report under this subchapter shall make available the information required to be contained in such report to all of its members, and every such labor organization and its officers shall be under a duty enforceable at the suit of any member of such organization in any State court of competent jurisdiction or in the district court of the United States for the district in which such labor organization maintains its principal office, to permit such member for just cause to examine any books, records, and accounts necessary to verify such report. The court in such action may, in its discretion, in addition to any judgment awarded to the plaintiff or plaintiffs, allow a reasonable attorney’s fee to be paid by the defendant, and costs of the action.
+
+(Pub. L. 86–257, title II, § 201(a)–(c), Sept. 14, 1959, 73 Stat. 524, 525.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification Section is comprised of subsecs. (a) to (c) of section 201 of Pub. L. 86–257. Subsec. (d) of section 201 repealed subsecs. (f) to (h) of section 159 of this title, and subsec. (e) of section 201 amended section 158(a)(3)(i) of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 432"
+description: "Report of officers and employees of labor organizations"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE PROCEDURE"
+section: "432"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 432"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s432"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
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+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 432 - Report of officers and employees of labor organizations
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Filing; contents of report Every officer of a labor organization and every employee of a labor organization (other than an employee performing exclusively clerical or custodial services) shall file with the Secretary a signed report listing and describing for his preceding fiscal year—
+
+(1) any stock, bond, security, or other interest, legal or equitable, which he or his spouse or minor child directly or indirectly held in, and any income or any other benefit with monetary value (including reimbursed expenses) which he or his spouse or minor child derived directly or indirectly from, an employer whose employees such labor organization represents or is actively seeking to represent, except payments and other benefits received as a bona fide employee of such employer;
+
+(2) any transaction in which he or his spouse or minor child engaged, directly or indirectly, involving any stock, bond, security, or loan to or from, or other legal or equitable interest in the business of an employer whose employees such labor organization represents or is actively seeking to represent;
+
+(3) any stock, bond, security, or other interest, legal or equitable, which he or his spouse or minor child directly or indirectly held in, and any income or any other benefit with monetary value (including reimbursed expenses) which he or his spouse or minor child directly or indirectly derived from, any business a substantial part of which consists of buying from, selling or leasing to, or otherwise dealing with, the business of an employer whose employees such labor organization represents or is actively seeking to represent;
+
+(4) any stock, bond, security, or other interest, legal or equitable, which he or his spouse or minor child directly or indirectly held in, and any income or any other benefit with monetary value (including reimbursed expenses) which he or his spouse or minor child directly or indirectly derived from, a business any part of which consists of buying from, or selling or leasing directly or indirectly to, or otherwise dealing with such labor organization;
+
+(5) any direct or indirect business transaction or arrangement between him or his spouse or minor child and any employer whose employees his organization represents or is actively seeking to represent, except work performed and payments and benefits received as a bona fide employee of such employer and except purchases and sales of goods or services in the regular course of business at prices generally available to any employee of such employer; and
+
+(6) any payment of money or other thing of value (including reimbursed expenses) which he or his spouse or minor child received directly or indirectly from any employer or any person who acts as a labor relations consultant to an employer, except payments of the kinds referred to in section 186(c) of this title.
+
+(b) Report of certain bona fide investments The provisions of paragraphs (1), (2), (3), (4), and (5) of subsection (a) shall not be construed to require any such officer or employee to report his bona fide investments in securities traded on a securities exchange registered as a national securities exchange under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 [15 U.S.C. 78a et seq.], in shares in an investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 [15 U.S.C. 80a–1 et seq.], or in securities of a public utility holding company registered under the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935, or to report any income derived therefrom.
+
+(c) Exemption from filing requirement Nothing contained in this section shall be construed to require any officer or employee of a labor organization to file a report under subsection (a) unless he or his spouse or minor child holds or has held an interest, has received income or any other benefit with monetary value or a loan, or has engaged in a transaction described therein.
+
+(Pub. L. 86–257, title II, § 202, Sept. 14, 1959, 73 Stat. 525.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThe Securities Exchange Act of 1934, referred to in subsec. (b), is act June 6, 1934, ch. 404, 48 Stat. 881, which is classified principally to chapter 2B (§ 78a et seq.) of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 78a of Title 15 and Tables. The Investment Company Act of 1940, referred to in subsec. (b), is title I of act Aug. 22, 1940, ch. 686, 54 Stat. 789, which is classified generally to subchapter I (§ 80a–1 et seq.) of chapter 2D of Title 15. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 80a–51 of Title 15 and Tables. The Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935, referred to in subsec. (b), is title I of act Aug. 26, 1935, ch. 687, 49 Stat. 803, which was classified generally to chapter 2C (§ 79 et seq.) of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 109–58, title XII, § 1263, Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 974. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 433"
+description: "Report of employers"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE PROCEDURE"
+section: "433"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 433"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s433"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "6c2a53488891025ea32223ab2b94d7a04588ccb839fee950e2606d70f6dc90a6"
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+text_hash: "7eaa422b2afbff8b16ffdcd407984b0cd223ba1acfe627011875856e2c3de771"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 433 - Report of employers
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Filing and contents of report of payments, loans, promises, agreements, or arrangements Every employer who in any fiscal year made—
+
+(1) any payment or loan, direct or indirect, of money or other thing of value (including reimbursed expenses), or any promise or agreement therefor, to any labor organization or officer, agent, shop steward, or other representative of a labor organization, or employee of any labor organization, except (A) payments or loans made by any national or State bank, credit union, insurance company, savings and loan association or other credit institution and (B) payments of the kind referred to in section 186(c) of this title;
+
+(2) any payment (including reimbursed expenses) to any of his employees, or any group or committee of such employees, for the purpose of causing such employee or group or committee of employees to persuade other employees to exercise or not to exercise, or as the manner of exercising, the right to organize and bargain collectively through representatives of their own choosing unless such payments were contemporaneously or previously disclosed to such other employees;
+
+(3) any expenditure, during the fiscal year, where an object thereof, directly or indirectly, is to interfere with, restrain, or coerce employees in the exercise of the right to organize and bargain collectively through representatives of their own choosing, or is to obtain information concerning the activities of employees or a labor organization in connection with a labor dispute involving such employer, except for use solely in conjunction with an administrative or arbitral proceeding or a criminal or civil judicial proceeding;
+
+(4) any agreement or arrangement with a labor relations consultant or other independent contractor or organization pursuant to which such person undertakes activities where an object thereof, directly or indirectly, is to persuade employees to exercise or not to exercise, or persuade employees as to the manner of exercising, the right to organize and bargain collectively through representatives of their own choosing, or undertakes to supply such employer with information concerning the activities of employees or a labor organization in connection with a labor dispute involving such employer, except information for use solely in conjunction with an administrative or arbitral proceeding or a criminal or civil judicial proceeding; or
+
+(5) any payment (including reimbursed expenses) pursuant to an agreement or arrangement described in subdivision (4);
+
+shall file with the Secretary a report, in a form prescribed by him, signed by its president and treasurer or corresponding principal officers showing in detail the date and amount of each such payment, loan, promise, agreement, or arrangement and the name, address, and position, if any, in any firm or labor organization of the person to whom it was made and a full explanation of the circumstances of all such payments, including the terms of any agreement or understanding pursuant to which they were made.
+
+(b) Persuasive activities relating to the right to organize and bargain collectively; supplying information of activities in connection with labor disputes; filing and contents of report of agreement or arrangement Every person who pursuant to any agreement or arrangement with an employer undertakes activities where an object thereof is, directly or indirectly—
+
+(1) to persuade employees to exercise or not to exercise, or persuade employees as to the manner of exercising, the right to organize and bargain collectively through representatives of their own choosing; or
+
+(2) to supply an employer with information concerning the activities of employees or a labor organization in connection with a labor dispute involving such employer, except information for use solely in conjunction with an administrative or arbitral proceeding or a criminal or civil judicial proceeding;
+
+shall file within thirty days after entering into such agreement or arrangement a report with the Secretary, signed by its president and treasurer or corresponding principal officers, containing the name under which such person is engaged in doing business and the address of its principal office, and a detailed statement of the terms and conditions of such agreement or arrangement. Every such person shall file annually, with respect to each fiscal year during which payments were made as a result of such an agreement or arrangement, a report with the Secretary, signed by its president and treasurer or corresponding principal officers, containing a statement (A) of its receipts of any kind from employers on account of labor relations advice or services, designating the sources thereof, and (B) of its disbursements of any kind, in connection with such services and the purposes thereof. In each such case such information shall be set forth in such categories as the Secretary may prescribe.
+
+(c) Advisory or representative services exempt from filing requirements Nothing in this section shall be construed to require any employer or other person to file a report covering the services of such person by reason of his giving or agreeing to give advice to such employer or representing or agreeing to represent such employer before any court, administrative agency, or tribunal of arbitration or engaging or agreeing to engage in collective bargaining on behalf of such employer with respect to wages, hours, or other terms or conditions of employment or the negotiation of an agreement or any question arising thereunder.
+
+(d) Exemption from filing requirements generally Nothing contained in this section shall be construed to require an employer to file a report under subsection (a) unless he has made an expenditure, payment, loan, agreement, or arrangement of the kind described therein. Nothing contained in this section shall be construed to require any other person to file a report under subsection (b) unless he was a party to an agreement or arrangement of the kind described therein.
+
+(e) Services by and payments to regular officers, supervisors, and employees of employer Nothing contained in this section shall be construed to require any regular officer, supervisor, or employee of an employer to file a report in connection with services rendered to such employer nor shall any employer be required to file a report covering expenditures made to any regular officer, supervisor, or employee of an employer as compensation for service as a regular officer, supervisor, or employee of such employer.
+
+(f) Rights protected by section 158(c) of this title Nothing contained in this section shall be construed as an amendment to, or modification of the rights protected by, section 158(c) of this title.
+
+(g) “Interfere with, restrain, or coerce” defined The term “interfere with, restrain, or coerce” as used in this section means interference, restraint, and coercion which, if done with respect to the exercise of rights guaranteed in section 157 of this title, would, under section 158(a) of this title, constitute an unfair labor practice.
+
+(Pub. L. 86–257, title II, § 203, Sept. 14, 1959, 73 Stat. 526.)
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 434"
+description: "Exemption of attorney-client communications"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE PROCEDURE"
+section: "434"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 434"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s434"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "a6bc92ea47e9be16dd399cee97a53e24dfc1b7a9a3b3315303669246a2c06b2e"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 434 - Exemption of attorney-client communications
+
+## Text
+
+Nothing contained in this chapter shall be construed to require an attorney who is a member in good standing of the bar of any State, to include in any report required to be filed pursuant to the provisions of this chapter any information which was lawfully communicated to such attorney by any of his clients in the course of a legitimate attorney-client relationship.
+
+(Pub. L. 86–257, title II, § 204, Sept. 14, 1959, 73 Stat. 528.)
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 435"
+description: "Reports and documents as public information"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE PROCEDURE"
+section: "435"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 435"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s435"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "3c0639885eb566daf7a9f507da2b57e1a4202f4f8c7d6dc9d484d4c3092ea19a"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "123f65eaf0f6719b01d66f4a47cd03d5134b66fbd92ae96d7387b67454b98476"
+text_hash: "44fcde8961247308ffbd2e00a9738cce6c09f2ffdf862b15d728086077a2b773"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 435 - Reports and documents as public information
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Publication; statistical and research purposes The contents of the reports and documents filed with the Secretary pursuant to sections 431, 432, 433, and 441 of this title shall be public information, and the Secretary may publish any information and data which he obtains pursuant to the provisions of this subchapter. The Secretary may use the information and data for statistical and research purposes, and compile and publish such studies, analyses, reports, and surveys based thereon as he may deem appropriate.
+
+(b) Inspection and examination of information and data The Secretary shall by regulation make reasonable provision for the inspection and examination, on the request of any person, of the information and data contained in any report or other document filed with him pursuant to section 431, 432, 433, or 441 of this title.
+
+(c) Copies of reports or documents; availability to State agencies The Secretary shall by regulation provide for the furnishing by the Department of Labor of copies of reports or other documents filed with the Secretary pursuant to this subchapter, upon payment of a charge based upon the cost of the service. The Secretary shall make available without payment of a charge, or require any person to furnish, to such State agency as is designated by law or by the Governor of the State in which such person has his principal place of business or headquarters, upon request of the Governor of such State, copies of any reports and documents filed by such person with the Secretary pursuant to section 431, 432, 433, or 441 of this title, or of information and data contained therein. No person shall be required by reason of any law of any State to furnish to any officer or agency of such State any information included in a report filed by such person with the Secretary pursuant to the provisions of this subchapter, if a copy of such report, or of the portion thereof containing such information, is furnished to such officer or agency. All moneys received in payment of such charges fixed by the Secretary pursuant to this subsection shall be deposited in the general fund of the Treasury.
+
+(Pub. L. 86–257, title II, § 205, Sept. 14, 1959, 73 Stat. 528; Pub. L. 89–216, § 2(a)–(c), Sept. 29, 1965, 79 Stat. 888.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments1965—Pub. L. 89–216 inserted references to section 441 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 436"
+description: "Retention of records"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE PROCEDURE"
+section: "436"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 436"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s436"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "0f4b5b4961fb60ead4bad23704d0aca35acb89fc27922f71dae73c89a6122f43"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 436 - Retention of records
+
+## Text
+
+Every person required to file any report under this subchapter shall maintain records on the matters required to be reported which will provide in sufficient detail the necessary basic information and data from which the documents filed with the Secretary may be verified, explained, or clarified, and checked for accuracy and completeness, and shall include vouchers, worksheets, receipts, and applicable resolutions, and shall keep such records available for examination for a period of not less than five years after the filing of the documents based on the information which they contain.
+
+(Pub. L. 86–257, title II, § 206, Sept. 14, 1959, 73 Stat. 529.)
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 437"
+description: "Time for making reports"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE PROCEDURE"
+section: "437"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 437"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s437"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "14ce17d10bb78b53984381b98c2e9aa0ebdd45bc1d501fd6db73e6721d9f000b"
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+text_hash: "646b6c35d6e358825fae3b8d32e5cee650d9692e7951034e47fb9a0830b7654f"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 437 - Time for making reports
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Each labor organization shall file the initial report required under section 431(a) of this title within ninety days after the date on which it first becomes subject to this chapter.
+
+(b) Each person required to file a report under section 431(b), 432, 433(a), the second sentence of 433(b), or section 441 of this title shall file such report within ninety days after the end of each of its fiscal years; except that where such person is subject to section 431(b), 432, 433(a), the second sentence of 433(b), or section 441 of this title, as the case may be, for only a portion of such a fiscal year (because September 14, 1959, occurs during such person’s fiscal year) such person becomes subject to this chapter during its fiscal year or such person may consider that portion as the entire fiscal year in making such report.
+
+(Pub. L. 86–257, title II, § 207, Sept. 14, 1959, 73 Stat. 529; Pub. L. 89–216, § 2(d), Sept. 29, 1965, 79 Stat. 888.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments1965—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 89–216 inserted reference to section 441 of this title in two places.
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 438"
+description: "Rules and regulations; simplified reports"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE PROCEDURE"
+section: "438"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 438"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s438"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "d4d3e4d4166b4c8db01076a292088044a36f6bf434b3fc56c2e14dd4655c76b7"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "123f65eaf0f6719b01d66f4a47cd03d5134b66fbd92ae96d7387b67454b98476"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 438 - Rules and regulations; simplified reports
+
+## Text
+
+The Secretary shall have authority to issue, amend, and rescind rules and regulations prescribing the form and publication of reports required to be filed under this subchapter and such other reasonable rules and regulations (including rules prescribing reports concerning trusts in which a labor organization is interested) as he may find necessary to prevent the circumvention or evasion of such reporting requirements. In exercising his power under this section the Secretary shall prescribe by general rule simplified reports for labor organizations or employers for whom he finds that by virtue of their size a detailed report would be unduly burdensome, but the Secretary may revoke such provision for simplified forms of any labor organization or employer if he determines, after such investigation as he deems proper and due notice and opportunity for a hearing, that the purposes of this section would be served thereby.
+
+(Pub. L. 86–257, title II, § 208, Sept. 14, 1959, 73 Stat. 529.)
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 439"
+description: "Violations and penalties"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE PROCEDURE"
+section: "439"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 439"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s439"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "dd3ff47dd089eb78774f83f797e068e7b1aa4953ef8716951c361ec99443c127"
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+text_hash: "255b451c8fb0e58301c4934d131259fb037cf0eb7ed1e873ebbc4a884a41f28b"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 439 - Violations and penalties
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Willful violations of provisions of subchapter Any person who willfully violates this subchapter shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned for not more than one year, or both.
+
+(b) False statements or representations of fact with knowledge of falsehood Any person who makes a false statement or representation of a material fact, knowing it to be false, or who knowingly fails to disclose a material fact, in any document, report, or other information required under the provisions of this subchapter shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned for not more than one year, or both.
+
+(c) False entry in or willful concealment, etc., of books and records Any person who willfully makes a false entry in or willfully conceals, withholds, or destroys any books, records, reports, or statements required to be kept by any provision of this subchapter shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned for not more than one year, or both.
+
+(d) Personal responsibility of individuals required to sign reports Each individual required to sign reports under sections 431 and 433 of this title shall be personally responsible for the filing of such reports and for any statement contained therein which he knows to be false.
+
+(Pub. L. 86–257, title II, § 209, Sept. 14, 1959, 73 Stat. 529.)
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 440"
+description: "Civil action for enforcement by Secretary; jurisdiction"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE PROCEDURE"
+section: "440"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 440"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s440"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "5509ac27340e32b92fbead92183febf7400fc730734ed9a452c5e73ea4feb01a"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "123f65eaf0f6719b01d66f4a47cd03d5134b66fbd92ae96d7387b67454b98476"
+text_hash: "0eaee68cfe990c6ba7d2c8ee73efe26ca3e5c689fb44fb5c64f923daca8e82c1"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 440 - Civil action for enforcement by Secretary; jurisdiction
+
+## Text
+
+Whenever it shall appear that any person has violated or is about to violate any of the provisions of this subchapter, the Secretary may bring a civil action for such relief (including injunctions) as may be appropriate. Any such action may be brought in the district court of the United States where the violation occurred or, at the option of the parties, in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia.
+
+(Pub. L. 86–257, title II, § 210, Sept. 14, 1959, 73 Stat. 530.)
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 441"
+description: "Surety company reports; contents; waiver or modification of requirements respecting contents of reports"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE PROCEDURE"
+section: "441"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 441"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s441"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "0f3c3982daac9b6b21ad7be121e9f0e953f63f5e29400d42379f614b07e5fb85"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "123f65eaf0f6719b01d66f4a47cd03d5134b66fbd92ae96d7387b67454b98476"
+text_hash: "2ec8932730d98ef0027d70516df0bcb10e99680c2dcc3e52a981ba775da023a5"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 441 - Surety company reports; contents; waiver or modification of requirements respecting contents of reports
+
+## Text
+
+Each surety company which issues any bond required by this chapter or the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 [29 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.] shall file annually with the Secretary, with respect to each fiscal year during which any such bond was in force, a report, in such form and detail as he may prescribe by regulation, filed by the president and treasurer or corresponding principal officers of the surety company, describing its bond experience under each such chapter or Act, including information as to the premiums received, total claims paid, amounts recovered by way of subrogation, administrative and legal expenses and such related data and information as the Secretary shall determine to be necessary in the public interest and to carry out the policy of the chapter. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Secretary finds that any such specific information cannot be practicably ascertained or would be uninformative, the Secretary may modify or waive the requirement for such information.
+
+(Pub. L. 86–257, title II, § 211, as added Pub. L. 89–216, § 3, Sept. 29, 1965, 79 Stat. 888; amended Pub. L. 93–406, title I, § 112(a)(2)(D), formerly § 111(a)(2)(D), Sept. 2, 1974, 88 Stat. 852, renumbered § 112(a)(2)(D), Pub. L. 117–328, div. T, title III, § 320(a)(1), Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5354.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThe Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 93–406, Sept. 2, 1974, 88 Stat. 829, which is classified principally to chapter 18 (§ 1001 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1001 of this title and Tables.
+
+Amendments1974—Pub. L. 93–406, § 112(a)(2)(D), formerly § 111(a)(2)(D), as renumbered by Pub. L. 117–328, substituted “Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974” for “Welfare and Pension Plans Disclosure Act”.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 2022 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 117–328 applicable to plan years beginning after Dec. 31, 2022, see section 320(c) of Pub. L. 117–328, set out as a note under section 414 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.
+
+Effective Date of 1974 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 93–406 effective Jan. 1, 1975, except as provided in section 1031(b)(2) of this title, see section 1031(b)(1) of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 461"
+description: "Reports"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE PROCEDURE"
+section: "461"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 461"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s461"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "50a4f3ac67131a948089fd1c58188708a2516e4a50c46f8a1970a5ce5bc61ce8"
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+text_hash: "5b16f7199b2b056619d1af7b1268cf4e3e7f08cb656e8214d59e4a75b87fadcc"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 461 - Reports
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Filing and contents; annual financial report Every labor organization which has or assumes trusteeship over any subordinate labor organization shall file with the Secretary within thirty days after September 14, 1959 or the imposition of any such trusteeship, and semiannually thereafter, a report, signed by its president and treasurer or corresponding principal officers, as well as by the trustees of such subordinate labor organization, containing the following information: (1) the name and address of the subordinate organization; (2) the date of establishing the trusteeship; (3) a detailed statement of the reason or reasons for establishing or continuing the trusteeship; and (4) the nature and extent of participation by the membership of the subordinate organization in the selection of delegates to represent such organization in regular or special conventions or other policy-determining bodies and in the election of officers of the labor organization which has assumed trusteeship over such subordinate organization. The initial report shall also include a full and complete account of the financial condition of such subordinate organization as of the time trusteeship was assumed over it. During the continuance of a trusteeship the labor organization which has assumed trusteeship over a subordinate labor organization shall file on behalf of the subordinate labor organization the annual financial report required by section 431(b) of this title signed by the president and treasurer or corresponding principal officers of the labor organization which has assumed such trusteeship and the trustees of the subordinate labor organization.
+
+(b) Applicability of other laws The provisions of sections 431(c), 435, 436, 438, and 440 of this title shall be applicable to reports filed under this subchapter.
+
+(c) Penalty for violations Any person who willfully violates this section shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned for not more than one year, or both.
+
+(d) False statements and entries; failure to disclose material facts; withholding, concealing or destroying documents, books, records, reports, or statements; penalty Any person who makes a false statement or representation of a material fact, knowing it to be false, or who knowingly fails to disclose a material fact, in any report required under the provisions of this section or willfully makes any false entry in or willfully withholds, conceals, or destroys any documents, books, records, reports, or statements upon which such report is based, shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned for not more than one year, or both.
+
+(e) Personal liability Each individual required to sign a report under this section shall be personally responsible for the filing of such report and for any statement contained therein which he knows to be false.
+
+(Pub. L. 86–257, title III, § 301, Sept. 14, 1959, 73 Stat. 530.)
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 462"
+description: "Purposes for establishment of trusteeship"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE PROCEDURE"
+section: "462"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 462"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s462"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "94b42193b99f0f045f64667c627c4883adef989a17b8628ded5c8577e1216bef"
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+text_hash: "5f045ffacaa68cd86ee9c08155ada70ebcfbfc0306012d87ba68a3b3e0787319"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 462 - Purposes for establishment of trusteeship
+
+## Text
+
+Trusteeships shall be established and administered by a labor organization over a subordinate body only in accordance with the constitution and bylaws of the organization which has assumed trusteeship over the subordinate body and for the purpose of correcting corruption or financial malpractice, assuring the performance of collective bargaining agreements or other duties of a bargaining representative, restoring democratic procedures, or otherwise carrying out the legitimate objects of such labor organization.
+
+(Pub. L. 86–257, title III, § 302, Sept. 14, 1959, 73 Stat. 531.)
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 463"
+description: "Unlawful acts relating to labor organization under trusteeship"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE PROCEDURE"
+section: "463"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 463"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s463"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "a65e2007466ff7cfa0b172ebd1759169bc3570c85fa3840a16b88980afaab36d"
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+text_hash: "33d22d573cd83a6cd9584ffef01ff0d43bc0e3bbac2b40dae09e335a4ce9f86e"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 463 - Unlawful acts relating to labor organization under trusteeship
+
+## Text
+
+(a) During any period when a subordinate body of a labor organization is in trusteeship, it shall be unlawful (1) to count the vote of delegates from such body in any convention or election of officers of the labor organization unless the delegates have been chosen by secret ballot in an election in which all the members in good standing of such subordinate body were eligible to participate, or (2) to transfer to such organization any current receipts or other funds of the subordinate body except the normal per capita tax and assessments payable by subordinate bodies not in trusteeship: Provided, That nothing herein contained shall prevent the distribution of the assets of a labor organization in accordance with its constitution and bylaws upon the bona fide dissolution thereof.
+
+(b) Any person who willfully violates this section shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned for not more than one year, or both.
+
+(Pub. L. 86–257, title III, § 303, Sept. 14, 1959, 73 Stat. 531.)
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 464"
+description: "Civil action for enforcement"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE PROCEDURE"
+section: "464"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 464"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s464"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "813e1e6404864d67bf8b02374f7aff63a8bbb77050492605208c961f05dae63c"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 464 - Civil action for enforcement
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Complaint; investigation; commencement of action by Secretary, member or subordinate body of labor organization; jurisdiction Upon the written complaint of any member or subordinate body of a labor organization alleging that such organization has violated the provisions of this subchapter (except section 461 of this title) the Secretary shall investigate the complaint and if the Secretary finds probable cause to believe that such violation has occurred and has not been remedied he shall, without disclosing the identity of the complainant, bring a civil action in any district court of the United States having jurisdiction of the labor organization for such relief (including injunctions) as may be appropriate. Any member or subordinate body of a labor organization affected by any violation of this subchapter (except section 461 of this title) may bring a civil action in any district court of the United States having jurisdiction of the labor organization for such relief (including injunctions) as may be appropriate.
+
+(b) Venue For the purpose of actions under this section, district courts of the United States shall be deemed to have jurisdiction of a labor organization (1) in the district in which the principal office of such labor organization is located, or (2) in any district in which its duly authorized officers or agents are engaged in conducting the affairs of the trusteeship.
+
+(c) Presumptions of validity or invalidity of trusteeship In any proceeding pursuant to this section a trusteeship established by a labor organization in conformity with the procedural requirements of its constitution and bylaws and authorized or ratified after a fair hearing either before the executive board or before such other body as may be provided in accordance with its constitution or bylaws shall be presumed valid for a period of eighteen months from the date of its establishment and shall not be subject to attack during such period except upon clear and convincing proof that the trusteeship was not established or maintained in good faith for a purpose allowable under section 462 of this title. After the expiration of eighteen months the trusteeship shall be presumed invalid in any such proceeding and its discontinuance shall be decreed unless the labor organization shall show by clear and convincing proof that the continuation of the trusteeship is necessary for a purpose allowable under section 462 of this title. In the latter event the court may dismiss the complaint or retain jurisdiction of the cause on such conditions and for such period as it deems appropriate.
+
+(Pub. L. 86–257, title III, § 304, Sept. 14, 1959, 73 Stat. 531.)
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 465"
+description: "Report to Congress"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE PROCEDURE"
+section: "465"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 465"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s465"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "1d7443c8cd8736547c49d7369028b6eb3b290d89481ce283b7a177a9799c5830"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "123f65eaf0f6719b01d66f4a47cd03d5134b66fbd92ae96d7387b67454b98476"
+text_hash: "67ca2f17816b670e060e34f3727a8f626279ea848bf886c39ef329180dd2daf4"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 465 - Report to Congress
+
+## Text
+
+The Secretary shall submit to the Congress at the expiration of three years from September 14, 1959, a report upon the operation of this subchapter.
+
+(Pub. L. 86–257, title III, § 305, Sept. 14, 1959, 73 Stat. 532.)
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 466"
+description: "Additional rights and remedies; exclusive jurisdiction of district court; res judicata"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE PROCEDURE"
+section: "466"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 466"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s466"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "4e05203d6104e10e5d5a8662aef28f7a604e5031b93443c62a1417670616e3f0"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "123f65eaf0f6719b01d66f4a47cd03d5134b66fbd92ae96d7387b67454b98476"
+text_hash: "efaa11ecc5e533879f6896c3284e91e3b24c077305b1171786ef7f91a698ba92"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 466 - Additional rights and remedies; exclusive jurisdiction of district court; res judicata
+
+## Text
+
+The rights and remedies provided by this subchapter shall be in addition to any and all other rights and remedies at law or in equity: Provided, That upon the filing of a complaint by the Secretary the jurisdiction of the district court over such trusteeship shall be exclusive and the final judgment shall be res judicata.
+
+(Pub. L. 86–257, title III, § 306, Sept. 14, 1959, 73 Stat. 532.)
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 481"
+description: "Terms of office and election procedures"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE PROCEDURE"
+section: "481"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 481"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s481"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "e0bb52d976a514d4272fe0aba479d3a8011b53e3934fb9d305fc7d507c29b1ea"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 481 - Terms of office and election procedures
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Officers of national or international labor organizations; manner of election Every national or international labor organization, except a federation of national or international labor organizations, shall elect its officers not less often than once every five years either by secret ballot among the members in good standing or at a convention of delegates chosen by secret ballot.
+
+(b) Officers of local labor organizations; manner of election Every local labor organization shall elect its officers not less often than once every three years by secret ballot among the members in good standing.
+
+(c) Requests for distribution of campaign literature; civil action for enforcement; jurisdiction; inspection of membership lists; adequate safeguards to insure fair election Every national or international labor organization, except a federation of national or international labor organizations, and every local labor organization, and its officers, shall be under a duty, enforceable at the suit of any bona fide candidate for office in such labor organization in the district court of the United States in which such labor organization maintains its principal office, to comply with all reasonable requests of any candidate to distribute by mail or otherwise at the candidate’s expense campaign literature in aid of such person’s candidacy to all members in good standing of such labor organization and to refrain from discrimination in favor of or against any candidate with respect to the use of lists of members, and whenever such labor organizations or its officers authorize the distribution by mail or otherwise to members of campaign literature on behalf of any candidate or of the labor organization itself with reference to such election, similar distribution at the request of any other bona fide candidate shall be made by such labor organization and its officers, with equal treatment as to the expense of such distribution. Every bona fide candidate shall have the right, once within 30 days prior to an election of a labor organization in which he is a candidate, to inspect a list containing the names and last known addresses of all members of the labor organization who are subject to a collective bargaining agreement requiring membership therein as a condition of employment, which list shall be maintained and kept at the principal office of such labor organization by a designated official thereof. Adequate safeguards to insure a fair election shall be provided, including the right of any candidate to have an observer at the polls and at the counting of the ballots.
+
+(d) Officers of intermediate bodies; manner of election Officers of intermediate bodies, such as general committees, system boards, joint boards, or joint councils, shall be elected not less often than once every four years by secret ballot among the members in good standing or by labor organization officers representative of such members who have been elected by secret ballot.
+
+(e) Nomination of candidates; eligibility; notice of election; voting rights; counting and publication of results; preservation of ballots and records In any election required by this section which is to be held by secret ballot a reasonable opportunity shall be given for the nomination of candidates and every member in good standing shall be eligible to be a candidate and to hold office (subject to section 504 of this title and to reasonable qualifications uniformly imposed) and shall have the right to vote for or otherwise support the candidate or candidates of his choice, without being subject to penalty, discipline, or improper interference or reprisal of any kind by such organization or any member thereof. Not less than fifteen days prior to the election notice thereof shall be mailed to each member at his last known home address. Each member in good standing shall be entitled to one vote. No member whose dues have been withheld by his employer for payment to such organization pursuant to his voluntary authorization provided for in a collective bargaining agreement shall be declared ineligible to vote or be a candidate for office in such organization by reason of alleged delay or default in the payment of dues. The votes cast by members of each local labor organization shall be counted, and the results published, separately. The election officials designated in the constitution and bylaws or the secretary, if no other official is designated, shall preserve for one year the ballots and all other records pertaining to the election. The election shall be conducted in accordance with the constitution and bylaws of such organization insofar as they are not inconsistent with the provisions of this subchapter.
+
+(f) Election of officers by convention of delegates; manner of conducting convention; preservation of records When officers are chosen by a convention of delegates elected by secret ballot, the convention shall be conducted in accordance with the constitution and bylaws of the labor organization insofar as they are not inconsistent with the provisions of this subchapter. The officials designated in the constitution and bylaws or the secretary, if no other is designated, shall preserve for one year the credentials of the delegates and all minutes and other records of the convention pertaining to the election of officers.
+
+(g) Use of dues, assessments or similar levies, and funds of employer for promotion of candidacy of person No moneys received by any labor organization by way of dues, assessment, or similar levy, and no moneys of an employer shall be contributed or applied to promote the candidacy of any person in any election subject to the provisions of this subchapter. Such moneys of a labor organization may be utilized for notices, factual statements of issues not involving candidates, and other expenses necessary for the holding of an election.
+
+(h) Removal of officers guilty of serious misconduct If the Secretary, upon application of any member of a local labor organization, finds after hearing in accordance with subchapter II of chapter 5 of title 5 that the constitution and bylaws of such labor organization do not provide an adequate procedure for the removal of an elected officer guilty of serious misconduct, such officer may be removed, for cause shown and after notice and hearing, by the members in good standing voting in a secret ballot, conducted by the officers of such labor organization in accordance with its constitution and bylaws insofar as they are not inconsistent with the provisions of this subchapter.
+
+(i) Rules and regulations for determining adequacy of removal procedures The Secretary shall promulgate rules and regulations prescribing minimum standards and procedures for determining the adequacy of the removal procedures to which reference is made in subsection (h).
+
+(Pub. L. 86–257, title IV, § 401, Sept. 14, 1959, 73 Stat. 532.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification In subsec. (h), “subchapter II of chapter 5 of title 5” substituted for “the Administrative Procedure Act” on authority of Pub. L. 89–554, § 7(b), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 631, the first section of which enacted Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective DatePub. L. 86–257, title IV, § 404, Sept. 14, 1959, 73 Stat. 535, provided that: “The provisions of this title [enacting this subchapter] shall become applicable— “(1) ninety days after the date of enactment of this Act [Sept. 14, 1959] in the case of a labor organization whose constitution and bylaws can lawfully be modified or amended by action of its constitutional officers or governing body, or “(2) where such modification can only be made by a constitutional convention of the labor organization, not later than the next constitutional convention of such labor organization after the date of enactment of this Act [Sept. 14, 1959], or one year after such date, whichever is sooner. If no such convention is held within such one-year period, the executive board or similar governing body empowered to act for such labor organization between conventions is empowered to make such interim constitutional changes as are necessary to carry out the provisions of this title [enacting this subchapter].”
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 482"
+description: "Enforcement"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE PROCEDURE"
+section: "482"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 482"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s482"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 482 - Enforcement
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Filing of complaint; presumption of validity of challenged election A member of a labor organization—
+
+(1) who has exhausted the remedies available under the constitution and bylaws of such organization and of any parent body, or
+
+(2) who has invoked such available remedies without obtaining a final decision within three calendar months after their invocation,
+
+may file a complaint with the Secretary within one calendar month thereafter alleging the violation of any provision of section 481 of this title (including violation of the constitution and bylaws of the labor organization pertaining to the election and removal of officers). The challenged election shall be presumed valid pending a final decision thereon (as hereinafter provided) and in the interim the affairs of the organization shall be conducted by the officers elected or in such other manner as its constitution and bylaws may provide.
+
+(b) Investigation of complaint; commencement of civil action by Secretary; jurisdiction; preservation of assets The Secretary shall investigate such complaint and, if he finds probable cause to believe that a violation of this subchapter has occurred and has not been remedied, he shall, within sixty days after the filing of such complaint, bring a civil action against the labor organization as an entity in the district court of the United States in which such labor organization maintains its principal office to set aside the invalid election, if any, and to direct the conduct of an election or hearing and vote upon the removal of officers under the supervision of the Secretary and in accordance with the provisions of this subchapter and such rules and regulations as the Secretary may prescribe. The court shall have power to take such action as it deems proper to preserve the assets of the labor organization.
+
+(c) Declaration of void election; order for new election; certification of election to court; decree; certification of result of vote for removal of officers If, upon a preponderance of the evidence after a trial upon the merits, the court finds—
+
+(1) that an election has not been held within the time prescribed by section 481 of this title, or
+
+(2) that the violation of section 481 of this title may have affected the outcome of an election,
+
+the court shall declare the election, if any, to be void and direct the conduct of a new election under supervision of the Secretary and, so far as lawful and practicable, in conformity with the constitution and bylaws of the labor organization. The Secretary shall promptly certify to the court the names of the persons elected, and the court shall thereupon enter a decree declaring such persons to be the officers of the labor organization. If the proceeding is for the removal of officers pursuant to subsection (h) of section 481 of this title, the Secretary shall certify the results of the vote and the court shall enter a decree declaring whether such persons have been removed as officers of the labor organization.
+
+(d) Review of orders; stay of order directing election An order directing an election, dismissing a complaint, or designating elected officers of a labor organization shall be appealable in the same manner as the final judgment in a civil action, but an order directing an election shall not be stayed pending appeal.
+
+(Pub. L. 86–257, title IV, § 402, Sept. 14, 1959, 73 Stat. 534.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective DateSection applicable ninety days after Sept. 14, 1959, in the case of certain labor organizations, see section 404 of Pub. L. 86–257, set out as a note under section 481 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 483"
+description: "Application of other laws; existing rights and remedies; exclusiveness of remedy for challenging election"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE PROCEDURE"
+section: "483"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 483"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s483"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "1f5c6bf93c1bfad4889f4f780d51c15ef96b40749653e409a1069dd6457665cc"
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+text_hash: "ca03263d8edfe0433b9cd9e8746e6c0c7d9999df65ad11d8b9a0aa412b9fcd2e"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 483 - Application of other laws; existing rights and remedies; exclusiveness of remedy for challenging election
+
+## Text
+
+No labor organization shall be required by law to conduct elections of officers with greater frequency or in a different form or manner than is required by its own constitution or bylaws, except as otherwise provided by this subchapter. Existing rights and remedies to enforce the constitution and bylaws of a labor organization with respect to elections prior to the conduct thereof shall not be affected by the provisions of this subchapter. The remedy provided by this subchapter for challenging an election already conducted shall be exclusive.
+
+(Pub. L. 86–257, title IV, § 403, Sept. 14, 1959, 73 Stat. 534.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective DateSection applicable ninety days after Sept. 14, 1959, in the case of certain labor organizations, see section 404 of Pub. L. 86–257, set out as a note under section 481 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 501"
+description: "Fiduciary responsibility of officers of labor organizations"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE PROCEDURE"
+section: "501"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 501"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s501"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 501 - Fiduciary responsibility of officers of labor organizations
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Duties of officers; exculpatory provisions and resolutions void The officers, agents, shop stewards, and other representatives of a labor organization occupy positions of trust in relation to such organization and its members as a group. It is, therefore, the duty of each such person, taking into account the special problems and functions of a labor organization, to hold its money and property solely for the benefit of the organization and its members and to manage, invest, and expend the same in accordance with its constitution and bylaws and any resolutions of the governing bodies adopted thereunder, to refrain from dealing with such organization as an adverse party or in behalf of an adverse party in any matter connected with his duties and from holding or acquiring any pecuniary or personal interest which conflicts with the interests of such organization, and to account to the organization for any profit received by him in whatever capacity in connection with transactions conducted by him or under his direction on behalf of the organization. A general exculpatory provision in the constitution and bylaws of such a labor organization or a general exculpatory resolution of a governing body purporting to relieve any such person of liability for breach of the duties declared by this section shall be void as against public policy.
+
+(b) Violation of duties; action by member after refusal or failure by labor organization to commence proceedings; jurisdiction; leave of court; counsel fees and expenses When any officer, agent, shop steward, or representative of any labor organization is alleged to have violated the duties declared in subsection (a) and the labor organization or its governing board or officers refuse or fail to sue or recover damages or secure an accounting or other appropriate relief within a reasonable time after being requested to do so by any member of the labor organization, such member may sue such officer, agent, shop steward, or representative in any district court of the United States or in any State court of competent jurisdiction to recover damages or secure an accounting or other appropriate relief for the benefit of the labor organization. No such proceeding shall be brought except upon leave of the court obtained upon verified application and for good cause shown, which application may be made ex parte. The trial judge may allot a reasonable part of the recovery in any action under this subsection to pay the fees of counsel prosecuting the suit at the instance of the member of the labor organization and to compensate such member for any expenses necessarily paid or incurred by him in connection with the litigation.
+
+(c) Embezzlement of assets; penalty Any person who embezzles, steals, or unlawfully and willfully abstracts or converts to his own use, or the use of another, any of the moneys, funds, securities, property, or other assets of a labor organization of which he is an officer, or by which he is employed, directly or indirectly, shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned for not more than five years, or both.
+
+(Pub. L. 86–257, title V, § 501, Sept. 14, 1959, 73 Stat. 535.)
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 502"
+description: "Bonding of officers and employees of labor organizations; amount, form, and placement of bonds; penalty for violation"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE PROCEDURE"
+section: "502"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 502"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s502"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 502 - Bonding of officers and employees of labor organizations; amount, form, and placement of bonds; penalty for violation
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Every officer, agent, shop steward, or other representative or employee of any labor organization (other than a labor organization whose property and annual financial receipts do not exceed $5,000 in value), or of a trust in which a labor organization is interested, who handles funds or other property thereof shall be bonded to provide protection against loss by reason of acts of fraud or dishonesty on his part directly or through connivance with others. The bond of each such person shall be fixed at the beginning of the organization’s fiscal year and shall be in an amount not less than 10 per centum of the funds handled by him and his predecessor or predecessors, if any, during the preceding fiscal year, but in no case more than $500,000. If the labor organization or the trust in which a labor organization is interested does not have a preceding fiscal year, the amount of the bond shall be, in the case of a local labor organization, not less than $1,000, and in the case of any other labor organization or of a trust in which a labor organization is interested, not less than $10,000. Such bonds shall be individual or schedule in form, and shall have a corporate surety company as surety thereon. Any person who is not covered by such bonds shall not be permitted to receive, handle, disburse, or otherwise exercise custody or control of the funds or other property of a labor organization or of a trust in which a labor organization is interested. No such bond shall be placed through an agent or broker or with a surety company in which any labor organization or any officer, agent, shop steward, or other representative of a labor organization has any direct or indirect interest. Such surety company shall be a corporate surety which holds a grant of authority from the Secretary of the Treasury under sections 9304–9308 of title 31, as an acceptable surety on Federal bonds: Provided, That when in the opinion of the Secretary a labor organization has made other bonding arrangements which would provide the protection required by this section at comparable cost or less, he may exempt such labor organization from placing a bond through a surety company holding such grant of authority.
+
+(b) Any person who willfully violates this section shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned for not more than one year, or both.
+
+(Pub. L. 86–257, title V, § 502, Sept. 14, 1959, 73 Stat. 536; Pub. L. 89–216, § 1, Sept. 29, 1965, 79 Stat. 888.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification In subsec. (a), “sections 9304–9308 of title 31” substituted for “the Act of July 30, 1947 (6 U.S.C. 6–13)” on authority of Pub. L. 97–258, § 4(b), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1067, the first section of which enacted Title 31, Money and Finance.
+
+Amendments1965—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 89–216 substituted “to provide protection against loss by reason of act of fraud or dishonesty on his part directly or through connivance with others” for “for the faithful discharge of his duties” in first sentence and inserted proviso allowing Secretary to permit other arrangements to provide necessary protection.
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 503"
+description: "Financial transactions between labor organization and officers and employees"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE PROCEDURE"
+section: "503"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 503"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s503"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 503 - Financial transactions between labor organization and officers and employees
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Direct and indirect loans No labor organization shall make directly or indirectly any loan or loans to any officer or employee of such organization which results in a total indebtedness on the part of such officer or employee to the labor organization in excess of $2,000.
+
+(b) Direct or indirect payment of fines No labor organization or employer shall directly or indirectly pay the fine of any officer or employee convicted of any willful violation of this chapter.
+
+(c) Penalty for violations Any person who willfully violates this section shall be fined not more than $5,000 or imprisoned for not more than one year, or both.
+
+(Pub. L. 86–257, title V, § 503, Sept. 14, 1959, 73 Stat. 536.)
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 504"
+description: "Prohibition against certain persons holding office"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE PROCEDURE"
+section: "504"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 504"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s504"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 504 - Prohibition against certain persons holding office
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Membership in Communist Party; persons convicted of robbery, bribery, etc. No person who is or has been a member of the Communist Party or who has been convicted of, or served any part of a prison term resulting from his conviction of, robbery, bribery, extortion, embezzlement, grand larceny, burglary, arson, violation of narcotics laws, murder, rape, assault with intent to kill, assault which inflicts grievous bodily injury, or a violation of subchapter III or IV of this chapter 11 So in original. Probably should be followed by a comma. any felony involving abuse or misuse of such person’s position or employment in a labor organization or employee benefit plan to seek or obtain an illegal gain at the expense of the members of the labor organization or the beneficiaries of the employee benefit plan, or conspiracy to commit any such crimes or attempt to commit any such crimes, or a crime in which any of the foregoing crimes is an element, shall serve or be permitted to serve—
+
+(1) as a consultant or adviser to any labor organization,
+
+(2) as an officer, director, trustee, member of any executive board or similar governing body, business agent, manager, organizer, employee, or representative in any capacity of any labor organization,
+
+(3) as a labor relations consultant or adviser to a person engaged in an industry or activity affecting commerce, or as an officer, director, agent, or employee of any group or association of employers dealing with any labor organization, or in a position having specific collective bargaining authority or direct responsibility in the area of labor-management relations in any corporation or association engaged in an industry or activity affecting commerce, or
+
+(4) in a position which entitles its occupant to a share of the proceeds of, or as an officer or executive or administrative employee of, any entity whose activities are in whole or substantial part devoted to providing goods or services to any labor organization, or
+
+(5) in any capacity, other than in his capacity as a member of such labor organization, that involves decisionmaking authority concerning, or decisionmaking authority over, or custody of, or control of the moneys, funds, assets, or property of any labor organization,
+
+during or for the period of thirteen years after such conviction or after the end of such imprisonment, whichever is later, unless the sentencing court on the motion of the person convicted sets a lesser period of at least three years after such conviction or after the end of such imprisonment, whichever is later, or unless prior to the end of such period, in the case of a person so convicted or imprisoned, (A) his citizenship rights, having been revoked as a result of such conviction, have been fully restored, or (B) if the offense is a Federal offense, the sentencing judge or, if the offense is a State or local offense, the United States district court for the district in which the offense was committed, pursuant to sentencing guidelines and policy statements under section 994(a) of title 28, determines that such person’s service in any capacity referred to in clauses (1) through (5) would not be contrary to the purposes of this chapter. Prior to making any such determination the court shall hold a hearing and shall give notice of such proceeding by certified mail to the Secretary of Labor and to State, county, and Federal prosecuting officials in the jurisdiction or jurisdictions in which such person was convicted. The court’s determination in any such proceeding shall be final. No person shall knowingly hire, retain, employ, or otherwise place any other person to serve in any capacity in violation of this subsection.
+
+(b) Penalty for violations Any person who willfully violates this section shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned for not more than five years, or both.
+
+(c) Definitions For the purpose of this section—
+
+(1) A person shall be deemed to have been “convicted” and under the disability of “conviction” from the date of the judgment of the trial court, regardless of whether that judgment remains under appeal.
+
+(2) A period of parole shall not be considered as part of a period of imprisonment.
+
+(d) Salary of person barred from labor organization office during appeal of conviction Whenever any person—
+
+(1) by operation of this section, has been barred from office or other position in a labor organization as a result of a conviction, and
+
+(2) has filed an appeal of that conviction,
+
+any salary which would be otherwise due such person by virtue of such office or position, shall be placed in escrow by the individual employer or organization responsible for payment of such salary. Payment of such salary into escrow shall continue for the duration of the appeal or for the period of time during which such salary would be otherwise due, whichever period is shorter. Upon the final reversal of such person’s conviction on appeal, the amounts in escrow shall be paid to such person. Upon the final sustaining of such person’s conviction on appeal, the amounts in escrow shall be returned to the individual employer or organization responsible for payments of those amounts. Upon final reversal of such person’s conviction, such person shall no longer be barred by this statute 22 So in original. Probably should be “section”. from assuming any position from which such person was previously barred.
+
+(Pub. L. 86–257, title V, § 504, Sept. 14, 1959, 73 Stat. 536; Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §§ 229, 803, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2031, 2133; Pub. L. 100–182, § 15(a), Dec. 7, 1987, 101 Stat. 1269.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+ConstitutionalityFor information regarding the constitutionality of certain provisions of this section, see the Table of Laws Held Unconstitutional in Whole or in Part by the Supreme Court on the Constitution Annotated website, constitution.congress.gov.
+
+Amendments1987—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–182, in concluding provisions, substituted “if the offense is a Federal offense, the sentencing judge or, if the offense is a State or local offense, the United States district court for the district in which the offense was committed, pursuant to sentencing guidelines and policy statements under section 994(a) of title 28,” for “the United States Parole Commission”, “court” and “court’s” for “Commission” and “Commission’s”, respectively, and “a hearing” for “an administrative hearing”. 1984—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–473, § 229, which directed substitution of “if the offense is a Federal offense, the sentencing judge or, if the offense is a State or local offense, on motion of the United States Department of Justice, the district court of the United States for the district in which the offense was committed, pursuant to sentencing guidelines and policy statements issued pursuant to section 994(a) of title 28,” for “the Board of Parole of the United States Justice Department”, “court” and “court’s” for “Board” and “Board’s”, respectively, and “a” for “an administrative”, was (except for the last substitution) incapable of execution in view of the previous amendment by section 803(a) of Pub. L. 98–473 which became effective prior to the effective date of the amendment by section 229. See note below. Pub. L. 98–473, § 803(a), in amending provisions after “or a violation of subchapter III or IV of this chapter” generally, inserted provisions relating to abuse or misuse of employment in a labor organization or employee benefit plan, substituted “conspiracy to commit any such crimes or attempt to commit any such crimes, or a crime in which any of the foregoing crimes is an element” for “conspiracy to commit any such crimes”, added par. (1), redesignated former par. (1) as (2) and in par. (2) as so redesignated substituted “employee, or representative in any capacity of any labor organization” for “or other employee (other than as an employee performing exclusively clerical or custodial duties) of any labor organization, or”, redesignated former par. (2) as (3) and in par. (3) as so redesignated inserted “or advisor” after “consultant”, struck out “(other than as an employee performing exclusively clerical or custodial duties)” after “employee”, and inserted “or in a position having specific collective bargaining authority or direct responsibility in the area of labor-management relations in any corporation or association engaged in an industry or activity affecting commerce, or”, added pars. (4) and (5), struck out “or for five years after the termination of his membership in the Communist Party,” substituted “the period of thirteen years” for “five years”, inserted “whichever is later, unless the sentencing court on the motion of the person convicted sets a lesser period of at least three years after such conviction or after the end of such imprisonment, whichever is later, or”, substituted in cl. (B) “United States Parole Commission” for “Board of Parole of the United States Department of Justice”, and in the provisions following cl. (B) substituted “Commission” and “Commission’s” for “Board” and “Board’s”, respectively, inserted provision of notice to the Secretary of Labor, and substituted “No person shall knowingly hire, retain, employ, or otherwise place any other person to serve in any capacity in violation of this subsection” for “No labor organization or officer thereof shall knowingly permit any person to assume or hold any office or paid position in violation of this subsection”. Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98–473, § 803(b), amended subsec. (b) generally, substituting “five years” for “one year”. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 98–473, § 803(c), designated existing provisions as par. (1), substituted provisions defining conviction as from date of judgment of trial court, regardless of appeal, for former provisions defining it as from date of judgment of trial court or date of final sustaining of judgment on appeal, whichever is later, regardless of whether such conviction occurred before or after Sept. 14, 1959, and added par. (2). Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 98–473, § 803(d), added subsec. (d).
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 1987 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 100–182 applicable with respect to offenses committed after Dec. 7, 1987, see section 26 of Pub. L. 100–182, set out as a note under section 3006A of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.
+
+Effective Date of 1984 AmendmentAmendment by section 229 of Pub. L. 98–473 effective Nov. 1, 1987, and applicable only to offenses committed after the taking effect of such amendment, see section 235(a)(1) of Pub. L. 98–473, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3551 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure. Pub. L. 98–473, title II, § 804, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2134, provided that: “(a) The amendments made by section 802 [amending section 1111 of this title] and section 803 [amending this section] of this title shall take effect with respect to any judgment of conviction entered by the trial court after the date of enactment of this title [Oct. 12, 1984], except that that portion of such amendments relating to the commencement of the period of disability shall apply to any judgment of conviction entered prior to the date of enactment of this title if a right of appeal or an appeal from such judgment is pending on the date of enactment of this title. “(b) Subject to subsection (a) the amendments made by sections 803 and 804 [probably should be sections 802 and 803] shall not affect any disability under section 411 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 [section 1111 of this title] or under section 504 of the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959 [this section] in effect on the date of enactment of this title [Oct. 12, 1984].”
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
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+section: "521"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 521"
+status: "current"
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+release_date: "2026-06-26"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 521 - Investigations by Secretary; applicability of other laws
+
+## Text
+
+(a) The Secretary shall have power when he believes it necessary in order to determine whether any person has violated or is about to violate any provision of this chapter (except subchapter II of this chapter) to make an investigation and in connection therewith he may enter such places and inspect such records and accounts and question such persons as he may deem necessary to enable him to determine the facts relative thereto. The Secretary may report to interested persons or officials concerning the facts required to be shown in any report required by this chapter and concerning the reasons for failure or refusal to file such a report or any other matter which he deems to be appropriate as a result of such an investigation.
+
+(b) For the purpose of any investigation provided for in this chapter, the provisions of sections 49 and 50 of title 15 (relating to the attendance of witnesses and the production of books, papers, and documents), are made applicable to the jurisdiction, powers, and duties of the Secretary or any officers designated by him.
+
+(Pub. L. 86–257, title VI, § 601, Sept. 14, 1959, 73 Stat. 539.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThe phrase “this chapter (except subchapter II of this chapter)”, referred to in subsec. (a), was in the original “this Act (except title I or amendments made by this Act to other statutes)”. “This chapter”, referred to later in subsec. (a) and also in subsec. (b), was in the original “this Act”. “This Act” is Pub. L. 86–257, Sept. 14, 1959, 73 Stat. 519, as amended, known as the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959, which enacted this chapter, amended sections 153, 158, 159, 160, 164, 186, and 187 of this title, and enacted provisions set out as notes under sections 153, 158, and 481 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 401 of this title and Tables.
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 522"
+description: "Extortionate picketing; penalty for violation"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE PROCEDURE"
+section: "522"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 522"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s522"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "b07b872148d72db0577b421b7364f927970eef84e8274bb63ac960d7c2384530"
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+text_hash: "74d91eb29fbe81d120086e1b2c18b59a350b4ab49e47a1ed97c071bdc764856c"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 522 - Extortionate picketing; penalty for violation
+
+## Text
+
+(a) It shall be unlawful to carry on picketing on or about the premises of any employer for the purpose of, or as part of any conspiracy or in furtherance of any plan or purpose for, the personal profit or enrichment of any individual (except a bona fide increase in wages or other employee benefits) by taking or obtaining any money or other thing of value from such employer against his will or with his consent.
+
+(b) Any person who willfully violates this section shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than twenty years, or both.
+
+(Pub. L. 86–257, title VI, § 602, Sept. 14, 1959, 73 Stat. 539.)
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 523"
+description: "Retention of rights under other Federal and State laws"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE PROCEDURE"
+section: "523"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 523"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s523"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "5adc55b0832f67e3aa1a2a2f005046ddd3c772192722ee77567da1a3b44b258c"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 523 - Retention of rights under other Federal and State laws
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Except as explicitly provided to the contrary, nothing in this chapter shall reduce or limit the responsibilities of any labor organization or any officer, agent, shop steward, or other representative of a labor organization, or of any trust in which a labor organization is interested, under any other Federal law or under the laws of any State, and, except as explicitly provided to the contrary, nothing in this chapter shall take away any right or bar any remedy to which members of a labor organization are entitled under such other Federal law or law of any State.
+
+(b) Nothing contained in this chapter and section 186(a)–(c) of this title shall be construed to supersede or impair or otherwise affect the provisions of the Railway Labor Act, as amended [45 U.S.C. 151 et seq.], or any of the obligations, rights, benefits, privileges, or immunities of any carrier, employee, organization, representative, or person subject thereto; nor shall anything contained in this chapter be construed to confer any rights, privileges, immunities, or defenses upon employers, or to impair or otherwise affect the rights of any person under the National Labor Relations Act, as amended [29 U.S.C. 151 et seq.].
+
+(Pub. L. 86–257, title VI, § 603, Sept. 14, 1959, 73 Stat. 540.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThis chapter, referred to in subsec. (a), was in the original “this Act”, meaning Pub. L. 86–257, Sept. 14, 1959, 73 Stat. 519, known as the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959, which enacted this chapter, amended sections 153, 158, 159, 160, 164, 186, and 187 of this title, and enacted provisions set out as notes under sections 153, 158, and 481 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 401 of this title and Tables. The phrase “this chapter and section 186(a)–(c) of this title”, referred to in subsec. (b), was in original “titles I, II, III, IV, V, or VI of this Act”. The phrase “this chapter” later appearing in subsec. (b), was in original “said titles (except section 505) of this Act”. Original text reference, in both instances, includes those sections of the Act which are classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of such titles to the Code, see Tables. The Railway Labor Act, referred to in subsec. (b), is act May 20, 1926, ch. 347, 44 Stat. 577, which is classified principally to chapter 8 (§ 151 et seq.) of Title 45, Railroads. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 151 of Title 45 and Tables. The National Labor Relations Act, referred to in subsec. (b), is act July 5, 1935, ch. 372, 49 Stat. 452, which is classified generally to subchapter II (§ 151 et seq.) of chapter 7 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 167 of this title and Tables.
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 524"
+description: "Effect on State laws"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE PROCEDURE"
+section: "524"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 524"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s524"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "8a02b32af78110858aaf7c5b3d818813a6df5e946209a06f8bc64cee6e800fc8"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 524 - Effect on State laws
+
+## Text
+
+Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to impair or diminish the authority of any State to enact and enforce general criminal laws with respect to robbery, bribery, extortion, embezzlement, grand larceny, burglary, arson, violation of narcotics laws, murder, rape, assault with intent to kill, or assault which inflicts grievous bodily injury, or conspiracy to commit any of such crimes.
+
+(Pub. L. 86–257, title VI, § 604, Sept. 14, 1959, 73 Stat. 540.)
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 524a"
+description: "Elimination of racketeering activities threat; State legislation governing collective bargaining representative"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE PROCEDURE"
+section: "524a"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 524a"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s524a"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "ce64111c76fa7256a1753c6de56e15e71cf182b00eb80202a5b55fa0e28bb3f6"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 524a - Elimination of racketeering activities threat; State legislation governing collective bargaining representative
+
+## Text
+
+Notwithstanding this or any other Act regulating labor-management relations, each State shall have the authority to enact and enforce, as part of a comprehensive statutory system to eliminate the threat of pervasive racketeering activity in an industry that is, or over time has been, affected by such activity, a provision of law that applies equally to employers, employees, and collective bargaining representatives, which provision of law governs service in any position in a local labor organization which acts or seeks to act in that State as a collective bargaining representative pursuant to the National Labor Relations Act [29 U.S.C. 151 et seq.], in the industry that is subject to that program.
+
+(Pub. L. 98–473, title II, § 2201, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2192.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThis Act, referred to in text, probably means title II of Pub. L. 98–473, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 1976, known as the Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1984 Amendment note set out under section 1 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, and Tables. The National Labor Relations Act, referred to in text, is act July 5, 1935, ch. 372, 49 Stat. 449, which is classified generally to subchapter II (§ 151 et seq.) of chapter 7 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 167 of this title and Tables.
+
+Codification Section was not enacted as part of the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959, which comprises this chapter.
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 525"
+description: "Service of process"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE PROCEDURE"
+section: "525"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 525"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s525"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "ff46187857406a9e284b9a5d8ea051d31cf966982b00efc948e399d1c2b86c51"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 525 - Service of process
+
+## Text
+
+For the purposes of this chapter, service of summons, subpena, or other legal process of a court of the United States upon an officer or agent of a labor organization in his capacity as such shall constitute service upon the labor organization.
+
+(Pub. L. 86–257, title VI, § 605, Sept. 14, 1959, 73 Stat. 540.)
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 526"
+description: "Applicability of administrative procedure provisions"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE PROCEDURE"
+section: "526"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 526"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s526"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "b9d4824e010229431600cd9155f438a7d64f03f82c8f8a0efa72b61e4cf7f93e"
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+text_hash: "be7a78f6f060589131f384d5dad2212d7d418b9fdb71f76e23b911ff6beafcdb"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 526 - Applicability of administrative procedure provisions
+
+## Text
+
+The provisions of subchapter II of chapter 5, and chapter 7, of title 5 shall be applicable to the issuance, amendment, or rescission of any rules or regulations, or any adjudication authorized or required pursuant to the provisions of this chapter.
+
+(Pub. L. 86–257, title VI, § 606, Sept. 14, 1959, 73 Stat. 540.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification “Subchapter II of chapter 5, and chapter 7, of title 5” substituted in text for “the Administrative Procedure Act” on authority of Pub. L. 89–554, § 7(b), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 631, the first section of which enacted Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 527"
+description: "Cooperation with other agencies and departments"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE PROCEDURE"
+section: "527"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 527"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s527"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 527 - Cooperation with other agencies and departments
+
+## Text
+
+In order to avoid unnecessary expense and duplication of functions among Government agencies, the Secretary may make such arrangements or agreements for cooperation or mutual assistance in the performance of his functions under this chapter and the functions of any such agency as he may find to be practicable and consistent with law. The Secretary may utilize the facilities or services of any department, agency, or establishment of the United States or of any State or political subdivision of a State, including the services of any of its employees, with the lawful consent of such department, agency, or establishment; and each department, agency, or establishment of the United States is authorized and directed to cooperate with the Secretary and, to the extent permitted by law, to provide such information and facilities as he may request for his assistance in the performance of his functions under this chapter. The Attorney General or his representative shall receive from the Secretary for appropriate action such evidence developed in the performance of his functions under this chapter as may be found to warrant consideration for criminal prosecution under the provisions of this chapter or other Federal law.
+
+(Pub. L. 86–257, title VI, § 607, Sept. 14, 1959, 73 Stat. 540.)
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 528"
+description: "Criminal contempt"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE PROCEDURE"
+section: "528"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 528"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s528"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 528 - Criminal contempt
+
+## Text
+
+No person shall be punished for any criminal contempt allegedly committed outside the immediate presence of the court in connection with any civil action prosecuted by the Secretary or any other person in any court of the United States under the provisions of this chapter unless the facts constituting such criminal contempt are established by the verdict of the jury in a proceeding in the district court of the United States, which jury shall be chosen and empaneled in the manner prescribed by the law governing trial juries in criminal prosecutions in the district courts of the United States.
+
+(Pub. L. 86–257, title VI, § 608, Sept. 14, 1959, 73 Stat. 541.)
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 529"
+description: "Prohibition on certain discipline by labor organization"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE PROCEDURE"
+section: "529"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 529"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s529"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "6497d17383d15c273c716058e5cc23c6f8c236259395f19471711fafa83a3751"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 529 - Prohibition on certain discipline by labor organization
+
+## Text
+
+It shall be unlawful for any labor organization, or any officer, agent, shop steward, or other representative of a labor organization, or any employee thereof to fine, suspend, expel, or otherwise discipline any of its members for exercising any right to which he is entitled under the provisions of this chapter. The provisions of section 412 of this title shall be applicable in the enforcement of this section.
+
+(Pub. L. 86–257, title VI, § 609, Sept. 14, 1959, 73 Stat. 541.)
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 530"
+description: "Deprivation of rights by violence; penalty"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE PROCEDURE"
+section: "530"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 530"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s530"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 530 - Deprivation of rights by violence; penalty
+
+## Text
+
+It shall be unlawful for any person through the use of force or violence, or threat of the use of force or violence, to restrain, coerce, or intimidate, or attempt to restrain, coerce, or intimidate any member of a labor organization for the purpose of interfering with or preventing the exercise of any right to which he is entitled under the provisions of this chapter. Any person who willfully violates this section shall be fined not more than $1,000 or imprisoned for not more than one year, or both.
+
+(Pub. L. 86–257, title VI, § 610, Sept. 14, 1959, 73 Stat. 541.)
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 531"
+description: "Separability"
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+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE PROCEDURE"
+section: "531"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 531"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s531"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "bbebf3dccee6491762e2c052c68ba1705254b21f396a9e4a376eca456904a301"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "123f65eaf0f6719b01d66f4a47cd03d5134b66fbd92ae96d7387b67454b98476"
+text_hash: "d934500bcff8a5d986cca5d83361c8bfb07937ca125da8f3b5c468982d31774c"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 531 - Separability
+
+## Text
+
+If any provision of this chapter, or the application of such provision to any person or circumstances, shall be held invalid, the remainder of this chapter or the application of such provision to persons or circumstances other than those as to which it is held invalid, shall not be affected thereby.
+
+(Pub. L. 86–257, title VI, § 611, Sept. 14, 1959, 73 Stat. 541.)
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 551"
+description: "Establishment of Department; Secretary; seal"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "DEPARTMENT OF LABOR"
+section: "551"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 551"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s551"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "be07dba6ebaac9771adf5452b3091e5ab842affc2d42f4ada31fb5e74b5cbfa7"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 551 - Establishment of Department; Secretary; seal
+
+## Text
+
+There shall be an executive department in the Government to be called the Department of Labor, with a Secretary of Labor, who shall be the head thereof, to be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and whose tenure of office shall be like that of the heads of the other executive departments. The provisions of title 4 of the Revised Statutes, including all amendments thereto, shall be applicable to said department. The purpose of the Department of Labor shall be to foster, promote, and develop the welfare of the wage earners of the United States, to improve their working conditions, and to advance their opportunities for profitable employment. The said Secretary shall cause a seal of office to be made for the said department of such device as the President shall approve and judicial notice shall be taken of the said seal.
+
+(Mar. 4, 1913, ch. 141, § 1, 37 Stat. 736; Mar. 4, 1925, ch. 549, § 4, 43 Stat. 1301.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextTitle 4 of the Revised Statutes, referred to in text, was entitled “Provisions Applicable to All Executive Departments”, and consisted of R.S. §§ 158 to 198. For provisions of the Code derived from such title 4, see sections 101, 301, 303, 304, 503, 2952, 3101, 3106, 3341, 3345 to 3349, 5535, 5536 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees; section 207 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure; sections 514, 520 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure; section 3321 of Title 31, Money and Finance.
+
+Codification Section was formerly classified to section 611 of Title 5 prior to the general revision and enactment of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, by Pub. L. 89–554, § 1, Sept. 1, 1966, 80 Stat. 378.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Short Title of 1986 AmendmentPub. L. 99–619, § 1, Nov. 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 3491, provided that: “This Act [amending sections 552 and 553 of this title and sections 5313 to 5316 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, repealing section 3 of Reorganization Plan No. 6 of 1950, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 552 and 553 of this title and section 5316 of Title 5] may be cited as the ‘Department of Labor Executive Level Conforming Amendments of 1986’.”
+
+History of DepartmentA Department of Labor under the charge of a Commissioner of Labor was first established by act June 13, 1888, ch. 389, 25 Stat. 182. That Department was placed under the jurisdiction and made a part of a new department, called the Department of Commerce and Labor, by act Feb. 14, 1903, ch. 552, § 4, 32 Stat. 827. The name Department of Labor was changed to Bureau of Labor by act Mar. 18, 1904, ch. 716, 33 Stat. 136. The present Department of Labor was created by act Mar. 4, 1913. The Bureau of Labor in the Department of Commerce and Labor was transferred to the present Department of Labor by said act.
+
+Compensation of SecretaryCompensation of Secretary, see section 5312 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Transfer of Functions For transfer of functions of other officers, employees, and agencies of Department of Labor, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of Labor, with power to delegate, see Reorg. Plan No. 6, of 1950, §§ 1, 2, 15 F.R. 3174, 64 Stat. 1263, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
+
+Emergency Preparedness Functions For assignment of certain emergency preparedness functions to Secretary of Labor, see Parts 1, 2, and 12 of Ex. Ord. No. 12656, Nov. 18, 1988, 53 F.R. 47491, set out as a note under section 5195 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.
+
+Order of SuccessionFor order of succession during any period when both Secretary and Deputy Secretary of Labor are unable to perform functions and duties of office of Secretary, see Ex. Ord. No. 13245, Dec. 18, 2001, 66 F.R. 66268, listed in a table under section 3345 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
+
+Ex. Ord. No. 13578. Coordinating Policies on Automotive Communities and Workers Ex. Ord. No. 13578, July 6, 2011, 76 F.R. 40591, provided: By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered as follows: Section 1. Policy. Over the last decade, the United States has experienced a decline in employment in the automotive industry and among part suppliers. This decline accelerated dramatically from 2008 to 2009, with more than 400,000 jobs being lost in the industry. Now, 2 years later, the American automotive industry is beginning to recover. The automotive industry has, over the past 2 years, experienced its strongest period of job growth since the late 1990s. Exports have expanded, and the domestic automakers in 2010 gained market share for the first time since 1995. The automotive supply chain, which employs three times as many workers as the automakers, has also shown renewed strength. However, we still have a long way to go. Over the past 2 years my Administration has undertaken coordinated efforts on behalf of automotive communities, including targeted technical and financial assistance. For example, the Department of Labor set aside funds for green jobs and job training for high-growth sectors of the economy specifically targeted to communities affected by the automotive downturn, and the Department of Commerce provided funds specifically for automotive communities to develop plans for economic recovery. Stabilizing the automotive industry will also require the use of expanded strategies by automotive communities that include land-use redevelopment, small business support, and worker training. The purpose of this order is to continue the coordinated Federal response to factors affecting automotive communities and workers and to ensure that Federal programs and policies address these concerns. Sec. 2. Assignment of Responsibilities to the Secretary of Labor. (a) The Secretary of Labor shall: (i) work to coordinate the development of policies and programs among executive departments and agencies with the goal of coordinating a Federal response to factors that have a distinct impact on automotive communities and workers, including through the coordination of economic adjustment assistance activities; (ii) advise the President, in coordination with the Director of the National Economic Council, on the potential effects of pending legislation; (iii) provide recommendations to the President, in coordination with the Director of the National Economic Council, on executive branch policy proposals affecting automotive communities and changes to Federal policies and programs intended to address issues of special importance to automotive communities and workers; and (iv) conduct outreach to representatives of nonprofit organizations, businesses, labor organizations, State and local government agencies, elected officials, and other interested persons that will assist in bringing to the President’s attention concerns, ideas, and policy options for expanding and improving efforts to revitalize automotive communities. (b) The Secretary of Labor shall perform the functions assigned by this order in coordination with the Director of the National Economic Council. The Secretary of Labor may delegate these responsibilities to the Executive Director of the Department of Labor Office of Recovery for Auto Communities and Workers. Sec. 3. Revocation. Executive Order 13509 of June 23, 2009, is hereby revoked. Sec. 4. General Provisions. (a) The heads of executive departments and agencies shall assist and provide information to the Secretary of Labor or the Secretary’s designee, consistent with applicable law, as may be necessary to carry out the responsibilities assigned by this order. (b) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect: (i) authority granted by law to an executive department, agency, or the head thereof; or (ii) functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals. (c) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations. (d) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person. Barack Obama.
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 552"
+description: "Deputy Secretary; appointment; duties"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "DEPARTMENT OF LABOR"
+section: "552"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 552"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s552"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "f7cc118f2a3aed1aee7f0c1d842ed524827f8f9787a8f6ad460eb276acbe7291"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 552 - Deputy Secretary; appointment; duties
+
+## Text
+
+There is established in the Department of Labor the office of Deputy Secretary of Labor, which shall be filled by appointment by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. The Deputy Secretary shall perform such duties as may be prescribed by the Secretary of Labor or required by law. The Deputy Secretary shall (1) in case of the death, resignation, or removal from office of the Secretary, perform the duties of the Secretary until a successor is appointed, and (2) in case of the absence or sickness of the Secretary, perform the duties of the Secretary until such absence or sickness shall terminate.
+
+(Apr. 17, 1946, ch. 140, § 1, 60 Stat. 91; Pub. L. 99–619, § 2(a)(1), Nov. 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 3491.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification Provisions of this section which prescribed the basic annual compensation of the Under [Deputy] Secretary were omitted to conform to the provisions of the Executive Schedule. See section 5314 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. Section was formerly classified to section 611a of Title 5 prior to the general revision and enactment of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, by Pub. L. 89–554, § 1, Sept. 1, 1966, 80 Stat. 378.
+
+Amendments1986—Pub. L. 99–619 substituted “Deputy Secretary” for “Under Secretary” in three places.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+References in Other LawsPub. L. 99–619, § 2(a)(4), Nov. 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 3491, provided that: “Any reference to the Under Secretary of Labor in any law, rule, regulation, certificate, directive, or other document in force on the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 6, 1986] shall be deemed to refer and apply to the Deputy Secretary of Labor.”
+
+Present IncumbentPub. L. 99–619, § 2(f)(1), Nov. 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 3492, provided that: “The incumbent in the position of Under Secretary of Labor on the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 6, 1986] may serve as Deputy Secretary of Labor at the pleasure of the President after such date and the amendments made by subsection (a)(2) [amending section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees] shall apply to such incumbent.”
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Transfer of Functions For transfer of functions of other officers, employees, and agencies of Department of Labor, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of Labor, with power to delegate, see Reorg. Plan No. 6, of 1950, §§ 1, 2, 15 F.R. 3174, 64 Stat. 1263, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
+
+Order of SuccessionFor order of succession during any period when both Secretary and Deputy Secretary of Labor are unable to perform functions and duties of office of Secretary, see Ex. Ord. No. 13245, Dec. 18, 2001, 66 F.R. 66268, listed in a table under section 3345 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 553"
+description: "Assistant Secretaries; appointment; duties"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "DEPARTMENT OF LABOR"
+section: "553"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 553"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s553"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "dafb27d92cd07ca1a7e2fbb7b339bfc58f25bdc810a686046f9a347c30b16a9c"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 553 - Assistant Secretaries; appointment; duties
+
+## Text
+
+There are established in the Department of Labor nine offices of Assistant Secretary of Labor, which shall be filled by appointment by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. Each of the Assistant Secretaries of Labor shall perform such duties as may be prescribed by the Secretary of Labor or required by law. One of such Assistant Secretaries shall be an Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health.
+
+(Apr. 17, 1946, ch. 140, § 2, 60 Stat. 91; Pub. L. 87–137, § 1, Aug. 11, 1961, 75 Stat. 338; Pub. L. 91–596, § 29(a), Dec. 29, 1970, 84 Stat. 1618; Pub. L. 99–619, § 2(b)(1), Nov. 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 3491.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification Provisions of this section which prescribed the basic annual compensation of the Assistant Secretaries were omitted to conform to the provisions of the Executive Schedule. See section 5315 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. Section was formerly classified to section 611b of Title 5 prior to the general revision and enactment of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, by Pub. L. 89–554, § 1, Sept. 1, 1966, 80 Stat. 378.
+
+Amendments1986—Pub. L. 99–619 substituted “nine offices” for “five offices”. 1970—Pub. L. 91–596 increased the number of Assistant Secretaries of Labor from four to five and inserted provision that one of such Assistant Secretaries be an Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health. 1961—Pub. L. 87–137 increased the number of Assistant Secretaries of Labor from three to four.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 1970 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 91–596 effective 120 days after Dec. 29, 1970 see section 34 of Pub. L. 91–596, set out as an Effective Date note under section 651 of this title.
+
+Assistant Secretaries for Administration and Management and Public AffairsPub. L. 112–166, § 2(i)(1), Aug. 10, 2012, 126 Stat. 1285, provided that: “Notwithstanding section 2 of the Act of April 17, 1946 (29 U.S.C. 553), the appointment of individuals to serve as the Assistant Secretary for Administration and Management and the Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs within the Department of Labor, shall not be subject to the advice and consent of the Senate.”
+
+References in Other LawsPub. L. 99–619, § 2(b)(3), Nov. 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 3491, provided that: “Any reference in any law, regulation, certificate, directive, or other document to the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Veterans’ Employment in force on the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 6, 1986] shall be deemed to be a reference to the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Veterans’ Employment and Training.”
+
+Present IncumbentPub. L. 99–619, § 2(f)(2), Nov. 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 3492, provided that the incumbent in the position of Assistant Secretary of Labor for Veterans’ Employment on Nov. 6, 1986, could serve as Assistant Secretary of Labor for Veterans’ Employment and Training at the pleasure of the President after such date and that the amendments made by subsection (b)(2) of Pub. L. 99–619 to section 5315 of title 5 were to apply to such incumbent.
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Transfer of Functions For transfer of functions of other officers, employees, and agencies of Department of Labor, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of Labor, with power to delegate, see Reorg. Plan No. 6, of 1950, §§ 1, 2, 15 F.R. 3174, 64 Stat. 1263, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 554"
+description: "Assistants to Secretary"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "DEPARTMENT OF LABOR"
+section: "554"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 554"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s554"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "93e826cd414b877fa14b36fb713e3588b6f501469811b703dabb32e9037bf5fb"
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+text_hash: "2587c51023b23beb91cef7635e52319844e53094fd583840c9ce1eabb2a23fe4"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 554 - Assistants to Secretary
+
+## Text
+
+There shall be in the Department of Labor not more than two assistants to the Secretary, who shall be appointed by the President and shall perform such duties as may be prescribed by the Secretary of Labor or required by law.
+
+(Mar. 4, 1927, ch. 498, 44 Stat. 1415.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification Section was formerly classified to section 613a of Title 5 prior to the general revision and enactment of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, by Pub. L. 89–554, § 1, Sept. 1, 1966, 80 Stat. 378.
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Transfer of Functions For transfer of functions of other officers, employees, and agencies of Department of Labor, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of Labor, with power to delegate, see Reorg. Plan No. 6, of 1950, §§ 1, 2, 15 F.R. 3174, 64 Stat. 1263, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 555"
+description: "Solicitor"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "DEPARTMENT OF LABOR"
+section: "555"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 555"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s555"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "7319213fa1826531f0192c839cce62c160bcaed5f0a0d3d79a79d4d89b2b3074"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "123f65eaf0f6719b01d66f4a47cd03d5134b66fbd92ae96d7387b67454b98476"
+text_hash: "555eefb7921ed9f851ba2d3a67641abb0798f8eef22fd01630b42a30d1bef5d0"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 555 - Solicitor
+
+## Text
+
+There shall be a solicitor for the Department of Labor.
+
+(Mar. 18, 1904, ch. 716, § 1, 33 Stat. 135; Mar. 4, 1913, ch. 141, § 7, 37 Stat. 738; Ex. Ord. No. 6166, § 7, June 10, 1933.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification The words “of the Department of Justice” were omitted from text on authority of section 7 of Ex. Ord. No. 6166, which transferred the Solicitor for the Department of Labor from the Department of Justice to the Department of Labor. Section was formerly classified to section 613b of Title 5 prior to the general revision and enactment of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, by Pub. L. 89–554, § 1, Sept. 1, 1966, 80 Stat. 378.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Compensation of SolicitorCompensation of solicitor, see section 5315 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Transfer of Functions For transfer of functions of other officers, employees, and agencies of Department of Labor, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of Labor, with power to delegate, see Reorg. Plan No. 6, of 1950, §§ 1, 2, 15 F.R. 3174, 64 Stat. 1263, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 556"
+description: "Chief clerk; other employees"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "DEPARTMENT OF LABOR"
+section: "556"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 556"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s556"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "8f4117fe5eaedef9cb29c89f6c204dc8105e8ab7963521cbaf6979afada45eb2"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 556 - Chief clerk; other employees
+
+## Text
+
+There shall be in said department a chief clerk and such other clerical assistants, inspectors, and special agents as may from time to time be provided for by Congress.
+
+(Mar. 4, 1913, ch. 141, § 2, 37 Stat. 736; Ex. Ord. No. 6166, § 4, June 10, 1933.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification The words “a disbursing clerk” were omitted from text on authority of Ex. Ord. No. 6166, which transferred all functions relating to the disbursement of moneys of the United States to the Treasury Department. See section 3321 of Title 31, Money and Finance. Section was formerly classified to section 615 of Title 5 prior to the general revision and enactment of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, by Pub. L. 89–554, § 1, Sept. 1, 1966, 80 Stat. 378.
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Transfer of Functions For transfer of functions of other officers, employees, and agencies of Department of Labor, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of Labor, with power to delegate, see Reorg. Plan No. 6, of 1950, §§ 1, 2, 15 F.R. 3174, 64 Stat. 1263, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 557"
+description: "Bureaus and offices in Department"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "DEPARTMENT OF LABOR"
+section: "557"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 557"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s557"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "e5f19400cca9c0d2fea8578aa73f88b3af077599c0da23476f2163f26cf9541c"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 557 - Bureaus and offices in Department
+
+## Text
+
+The following-named offices, bureaus, divisions, and branches of the public service, and all that pertains to the same, shall be under the jurisdiction and supervision of the Department of Labor: 1. Bureau of Employees’ Compensation. 2. Bureau of Labor Standards. 3. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 4. Division of Public Contracts. 5. Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board. 6. United States Employment Service. 7. Wage and Hour Division. 8. Women’s Bureau.
+
+(Mar. 4, 1913, ch. 141, § 3, 37 Stat. 737; June 5, 1920, ch. 248, § 1, 41 Stat. 987; June 6, 1933, ch. 49, § 1, 48 Stat. 113; Ex. Ord. No. 6166, § 14, June 10, 1933; June 30, 1936, ch. 881, § 4, 49 Stat. 2038; June 25, 1938, ch. 676, § 4, 52 Stat. 1061; 1939 Reorg. Plan No. I, § 201, eff. July 1, 1939, 4 F.R. 2728, 53 Stat. 1424; 1940 Reorg. Plan No. V, § 1, eff. June 4, 1940, 5 F.R. 2223, 54 Stat. 1238; Ex. Ord. No. 9247, Sept. 17, 1942, 7 F.R. 7379; Ex. Ord. No. 9617, Sept. 19, 1945, 10 F.R. 11929; 1946 Reorg. Plan No. 2, § 1, eff. July 16, 1946, 11 F.R. 7873, 60 Stat. 1095; June 23, 1947, ch. 120, title II, § 202, 61 Stat. 153; 1949 Reorg. Plan No. 2, § 1, eff. Aug. 20, 1949, 14 F.R. 5225, 63 Stat. 1065; 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 19, §§ 1, 2, eff. May 24, 1952, 15 F.R. 3178, 64 Stat. 1271, 1272.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification Section was formerly classified to section 616 of Title 5 prior to the general revision and enactment of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, by Pub. L. 89–554, § 1, Sept. 1, 1966, 80 Stat. 378.
+
+Statutory Notes and Executive Documents
+
+Transfer of Functions For transfer of functions of other officers, employees, and agencies of Department of Labor, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of Labor, with power to delegate, see Reorg. Plan No. 6, of 1950, §§ 1, 2, 15 F.R. 3174, 64 Stat. 1263, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. Bureau of Employees’ Compensation transferred to Department of Labor from Federal Security Agency by Reorg. Plan No. 19 of 1950, § 1, which was repealed by Pub. L. 89–554, § 8(a), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 662, the subject matter of which is covered by section 8101 et seq. of Title 5. Subsequently, Bureau of Compensation absorbed by Employment Standards Administration in Department of Labor. Bureau of Labor Standards established in Department of Labor by departmental order in 1934, and its functions absorbed by Occupational Safety and Health Administration in May 1971. Division of Public Contracts established in Department of Labor by virtue of act June 30, 1936, and was consolidated with Wage and Hour Division by order of Secretary of Labor on Aug. 21, 1942. Subsequently, by order of Secretary of Labor in May 1971, Division of Public Contracts absorbed by Wage and Hour Division. Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board transferred to Department of Labor from Federal Security Agency by Reorg. Plan No. 19 of 1950, § 2, which was repealed by Pub. L. 89–554, § 8(a), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 662, the subject matter of which is covered by section 8101 et seq. of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. United States Employment Service created in Department of Labor by act June 6, 1933. Service transferred to Federal Security Agency by Reorg. Plan No. I of 1939, and its functions consolidated with unemployment compensation functions of Social Security Board in Bureau of Employment Security. Ex. Ord. No. 9247, Sept. 17, 1942, transferred United States Employment Service from Social Security Board to War Manpower Commission and became a part of Bureau of Placement. Service transferred to Department of Labor by Ex. Ord. No. 9617, Sept. 19, 1945, to be administered as an organizational entity. Act June 16, 1948, ch. 472, 62 Stat. 443, transferred Service to Federal Security Agency to function as a part of Bureau of Employment Security in Social Security Administration. Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1949, eff. Aug. 20, 1949, transferred Bureau of Employment Security, including United States Employment Service, to Department of Labor. Wage and Hour Division established in Department of Labor by act June 25, 1938, and consolidated with Division of Public Contracts by order of Secretary of Labor on Aug. 21, 1942. Women’s Bureau established in Department of Labor by act June 5, 1920. Bureau of Immigration and Bureau of Naturalization, placed under jurisdiction of Department of Labor upon its creation by act Mar. 4, 1913, consolidated as Immigration and Naturalization Service by Ex. Ord. No. 6166, § 14. Immigration and Naturalization Service of Department of Labor, including Office of Commissioner of Immigration and Naturalization, transferred to Department of Justice by Reorg. Plan No. V of 1940, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. Children’s Bureau transferred from Department of Labor to Federal Security Agency by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1946, set out in the Appendix to Title 5. For status of Children’s Bureau, see note under section 191 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. United States Conciliation Service established in Department of Labor by virtue of act Mar. 4, 1913, § 8, formerly set out as section 619 of former Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees, and section 51 of this title, but was discontinued in view of act June 23, 1947, § 202, and set out as section 172 of this title, which transferred to Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service, an independent agency, all powers and functions vested in Secretary of Labor by act Mar. 4, 1913, § 8, formerly cited as a credit to this section.
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 557a"
+description: "Mine Safety and Health Administration"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "DEPARTMENT OF LABOR"
+section: "557a"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 557a"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s557a"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 557a - Mine Safety and Health Administration
+
+## Text
+
+There is established in the Department of Labor a Mine Safety and Health Administration to be headed by an Assistant Secretary of Labor for Mine Safety and Health appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. The Secretary, acting through the Assistant Secretary for Mine Safety and Health, shall have authority to appoint, subject to the civil service laws, such officers and employees as he may deem necessary for the administration of this Act, and to prescribe powers, duties, and responsibilities of all officers and employees engaged in the administration of this Act. The Secretary is authorized and directed, except as specifically provided otherwise to carry out his functions under the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 [30 U.S.C. 801 et seq.] through the Mine Safety and Health Administration.
+
+(Pub. L. 95–164, title III, § 302(a), Nov. 9, 1977, 91 Stat. 1319.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThis Act, referred to in text, means Pub. L. 95–164, Nov. 9, 1977, 91 Stat. 1290, known as the Federal Mine Safety and Health Amendments Act of 1977, which enacted this section, sections 822 to 825 and 961 of Title 30, Mineral Lands and Mining, amended sections 5314 and 5315 of Title 5, and sections 801 to 804, 811 to 821, 842, 861, 878, 951 to 955, 958 and 959 of Title 30, repealed sections 721 to 740 of Title 30 and section 1456a of Title 43, Public Lands, and enacted provisions set out as notes under sections 801 and 954 of Title 30 and section 11 of former Title 31, Money and Finance. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1977 Amendment note set out under section 801 of Title 30 and Tables. The Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 91–173, Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 742, which is classified principally to chapter 22 (§ 801 et seq.) of Title 30. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 801 of Title 30 and Tables.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective DateSection effective 120 days after Nov. 9, 1977, see section 307 of Pub. L. 95–164, set out as an Effective Date of 1977 Amendment note under section 801 of Title 30, Mineral Lands and Mining.
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+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 557b"
+description: "Office of disability employment policy"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "DEPARTMENT OF LABOR"
+section: "557b"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 557b"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s557b"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 557b - Office of disability employment policy
+
+## Text
+
+Beginning in fiscal year 2001, there is established in the Department of Labor an office of disability employment policy which shall, under the overall direction of the Secretary, provide leadership, develop policy and initiatives, and award grants furthering the objective of eliminating barriers to the training and employment of people with disabilities. Such office shall be headed by an Assistant Secretary.
+
+(Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(1) [title I], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–10.)
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 558"
+description: "Library, records, etc., of Department"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "DEPARTMENT OF LABOR"
+section: "558"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 558"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s558"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 558 - Library, records, etc., of Department
+
+## Text
+
+The Secretary of Labor shall have charge in the buildings or premises occupied by or appropriated to the Department of Labor, of the library, furniture, fixtures, records, and other property pertaining to it or acquired for use in its business. He shall be allowed to expend for periodicals and the purposes of the library and for rental of appropriate quarters for the accommodation of the Department of Labor within the District of Columbia, and for all other incidental expenses, such sums as Congress may provide from time to time.
+
+(Mar. 4, 1913, ch. 141, § 6, 37 Stat. 738.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification Section was formerly classified to section 617 of Title 5 prior to the general revision and enactment of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, by Pub. L. 89–554, § 1, Sept. 1, 1966, 80 Stat. 378.
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Transfer of Functions For transfer of functions of other officers, employees, and agencies of Department of Labor, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of Labor, with power to delegate, see Reorg. Plan No. 6, of 1950, §§ 1, 2, 15 F.R. 3174, 64 Stat. 1263, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 559"
+description: "Rented quarters"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "DEPARTMENT OF LABOR"
+section: "559"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 559"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s559"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 559 - Rented quarters
+
+## Text
+
+Where any office, bureau, or branch of the public service transferred to the Department of Labor by this Act is occupying rented buildings or premises, it may continue to do so until other suitable quarters are provided for its use.
+
+(Mar. 4, 1913, ch. 141, § 6, 37 Stat. 738.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThis Act, referred to in text, is act Mar. 4, 1913, ch. 141, 37 Stat. 736, which is classified principally to sections 2, 551, and 555 to 562 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.
+
+Codification Section was formerly classified to section 618 of Title 5 prior to the general revision and enactment of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, by Pub. L. 89–554, § 1, Sept. 1, 1966, 80 Stat. 378.
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Transfer of Functions For transfer of functions of other officers, employees, and agencies of Department of Labor, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of Labor, with power to delegate, see Reorg. Plan No. 6, of 1950, §§ 1, 2, 15 F.R. 3174, 64 Stat. 1263, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 560"
+description: "Reports and investigations"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "DEPARTMENT OF LABOR"
+section: "560"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 560"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s560"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "d56e4c4380d92e89d6f814046c97d3525166def0819adacffc61c44cb72bf7c0"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 560 - Reports and investigations
+
+## Text
+
+The Secretary of Labor shall annually, at the close of each fiscal year, prepare and submit to Congress the financial statements of the Department that have been audited. He shall also, from time to time, make such special investigations and reports as he may be required to do by the President, or by Congress, or which he himself may deem necessary.
+
+(Mar. 4, 1913, ch. 141, § 9, 37 Stat. 738; Pub. L. 104–66, title I, § 1102(c), Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 723.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification Section was formerly classified to section 620 of Title 5 prior to the general revision and enactment of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, by Pub. L. 89–554, § 1, Sept. 1, 1966, 80 Stat. 378.
+
+Amendments1995—Pub. L. 104–66 in first sentence substituted “prepare and submit to Congress the financial statements of the Department that have been audited” for “make a report in writing to Congress, giving an account of all moneys received and disbursed by him and his department and describing the work done by the department”.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Termination of Reporting RequirementsFor termination, effective May 15, 2000, of provisions of law requiring submittal to Congress of any annual, semiannual, or other regular periodic report listed in House Document No. 103–7 (in which a report required under this section is listed on page 124), see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance.
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+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 561"
+description: "Records and papers and furniture transferred to Department"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "DEPARTMENT OF LABOR"
+section: "561"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 561"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s561"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 561 - Records and papers and furniture transferred to Department
+
+## Text
+
+The official records and papers on file in and pertaining exclusively to the business of any bureau, office, department, or branch of the public service in this Act transferred to the Department of Labor, together with the furniture in use in such bureau, office, department, or branch of the public service, are transferred to the Department of Labor.
+
+(Mar. 4, 1913, ch. 141, § 5, 37 Stat. 737.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThis Act, referred to in text, is act Mar. 4, 1913, ch. 141, 37 Stat. 736, which is classified principally to sections 2, 551, and 555 to 562 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.
+
+Codification Section was formerly classified to section 621 of Title 5 prior to the general revision and enactment of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, by Pub. L. 89–554, § 1, Sept. 1, 1966, 80 Stat. 378.
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 562"
+description: "Laws operative"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "DEPARTMENT OF LABOR"
+section: "562"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 562"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s562"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 562 - Laws operative
+
+## Text
+
+All laws prescribing the work and defining the duties of the several bureaus, offices, departments, or branches of the public service by this Act transferred to and made a part of the Department of Labor shall, so far as the same are not in conflict with the provisions of this Act, remain in full force and effect, to be executed under the direction of the Secretary of Labor.
+
+(Mar. 4, 1913, ch. 141, § 6, 37 Stat. 738.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThis Act, referred to in text, is act Mar. 4, 1913, ch. 141, 37 Stat. 736, which is classified principally to sections 2, 551, and 555 to 562 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.
+
+Codification Section was formerly classified to section 622 of Title 5 prior to the general revision and enactment of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, by Pub. L. 89–554, § 1, Sept. 1, 1966, 80 Stat. 378.
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Transfer of Functions For transfer of functions of other officers, employees, and agencies of Department of Labor, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of Labor, with power to delegate, see Reorg. Plan No. 6, of 1950, §§ 1, 2, 15 F.R. 3174, 64 Stat. 1263, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 563a"
+description: "Repealed. Pub. L. 115–245, div. B, title I, § 117(b)(2), Sept. 28, 2018, 132 Stat. 3067"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "DEPARTMENT OF LABOR"
+section: "563a"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 563a"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s563a"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 563a - Repealed. Pub. L. 115–245, div. B, title I, § 117(b)(2), Sept. 28, 2018, 132 Stat. 3067
+
+## Notes
+
+Section, Pub. L. 103–112, title I, Oct. 21, 1993, 107 Stat. 1088, which was based on paragraph under headings “Departmental Management” and “working capital fund” of Department of Labor Appropriations Act, 1994, related to appropriation for the maintenance and operation of a comprehensive program of centralized services.
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 564"
+description: "Repealed. Pub. L. 115–245, div. B, title I, § 117(b)(1), Sept. 28, 2018, 132 Stat. 3067"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "DEPARTMENT OF LABOR"
+section: "564"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 564"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s564"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "283fbde932bda07c0cb42b99b1a872a56aa1bf9594385bf83e25f40e1039d16e"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "123f65eaf0f6719b01d66f4a47cd03d5134b66fbd92ae96d7387b67454b98476"
+text_hash: "6420a59b44e7033e521b0c1300c4656d9d07d4f6746bb4b43c008039259d2dc5"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 564 - Repealed. Pub. L. 115–245, div. B, title I, § 117(b)(1), Sept. 28, 2018, 132 Stat. 3067
+
+## Notes
+
+Section, Pub. L. 91–204, title I, § 100, Mar. 5, 1970, 84 Stat. 26, made the Working Capital Fund available for expenses necessary for personnel functions in regional administrative offices.
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 565"
+description: "Repealed. Pub. L. 103–382, title III, § 391(i), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 4023"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "DEPARTMENT OF LABOR"
+section: "565"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 565"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s565"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "c1df17f9e43c9e9eb3ade9dfb7608a9ddc070c90621c5168792ff79262a72810"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "123f65eaf0f6719b01d66f4a47cd03d5134b66fbd92ae96d7387b67454b98476"
+text_hash: "d2047920bccc7003780681d3a6a974456ac196651efd0ed0059a2df0bc0e7478"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 565 - Repealed. Pub. L. 103–382, title III, § 391(i), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 4023
+
+## Notes
+
+Section, Pub. L. 100–418, title VI, § 6306(b), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1541, related to study and report respecting failure to provide internationally recognized worker rights.
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 566"
+description: "Employee drug and alcohol abuse assistance programs"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "DEPARTMENT OF LABOR"
+section: "566"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 566"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s566"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "2326de97d59e723e35b6d0f51f74d7a820f534266e63bbdc08e57523ef411416"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "123f65eaf0f6719b01d66f4a47cd03d5134b66fbd92ae96d7387b67454b98476"
+text_hash: "c70d2d2edf73c705bbec33945942e52c4bf10e11a8b315d2f4c48921f90f2f95"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 566 - Employee drug and alcohol abuse assistance programs
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Establishment The Secretary of Labor shall establish a program through which the Secretary shall provide grants to, or enter into contracts with, employers to enable such employers to develop employee drug and alcohol abuse assistance programs.
+
+(b) Applications Employers desiring to receive a grant or contract under this section shall submit to the Secretary of Labor, an application, in such form and containing such information as the Secretary may require.
+
+(c) Regulations The Secretary of Labor shall promulgate regulations necessary to carry out this section.
+
+(d) Authorization of appropriations There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section, $4,000,000 for fiscal year 1989, and $5,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 1990 and 1991.
+
+(Pub. L. 100–690, title II, § 2101, Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4216.)
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 567"
+description: "Labor-management dispute settlement expenses"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "DEPARTMENT OF LABOR"
+section: "567"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 567"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s567"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "b62973ba9fa3271b057e5e5bc7f92765737defb3e54f8f4ffcf66178bd622c5c"
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+text_hash: "c8fe7fd6e3a1d4c02789d8a47ab47bf89c0fd6b03035e6364af271e128acc684"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 567 - Labor-management dispute settlement expenses
+
+## Text
+
+Appropriations in this Act or subsequent Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations Acts available for salaries and expenses shall be available for supplies, services, and rental of conference space within the District of Columbia, as the Secretary of Labor shall deem necessary for settlement of labor-management disputes.
+
+(Pub. L. 102–394, title I, § 101, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1798.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Prior ProvisionsProvisions similar to those in this section were contained in the following prior appropriation acts: Pub. L. 102–170, title I, § 101, Nov. 26, 1991, 105 Stat. 1114. Pub. L. 101–517, title I, § 101, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2196. Pub. L. 101–166, title I, § 101, Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1165. Pub. L. 100–202, § 101(h) [title I, § 101], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–256, 1329–263. Pub. L. 99–500, § 101(i) [H.R. 5233, title I, § 101], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–287, and Pub. L. 99–591, § 101(i) [H.R. 5233, title I, § 101], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–287. Pub. L. 99–178, title I, § 101, Dec. 12, 1985, 99 Stat. 1108. Pub. L. 98–619, title I, § 101, Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3311. Pub. L. 98–139, title I, § 101, Oct. 31, 1983, 97 Stat. 877. Pub. L. 97–377, title I, § 101(e)(1) [title I, § 101], Dec. 21, 1982, 96 Stat. 1878, 1884.
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 568"
+description: "Acceptance of donations by Secretary"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "DEPARTMENT OF LABOR"
+section: "568"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 568"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s568"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "8b08702cf26d874e760b78df653b33dd1f718d2c04e9e3cd3adab74baa7f6359"
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+text_hash: "4a58f7de42b9c4a975f2a2a5f7751aae3062170edceff9f4f713f2765a95e33c"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 568 - Acceptance of donations by Secretary
+
+## Text
+
+The Secretary of Labor is authorized to accept, in the name of the Department of Labor, and employ or dispose of in furtherance of authorized activities of the Department of Labor, during the fiscal year ending September 30, 1995, and each fiscal year thereafter, any money or property, real, personal, or mixed, tangible or intangible, received by gift, devise, bequest, or otherwise.
+
+(Pub. L. 103–333, title I, § 105, Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2548.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Prior ProvisionsProvisions similar to those in this section were contained in the following prior appropriation acts: Pub. L. 103–112, title I, § 101, Oct. 21, 1993, 107 Stat. 1089. Pub. L. 102–394, title I, § 105, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1799.
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 569"
+description: "Security detail"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "DEPARTMENT OF LABOR"
+section: "569"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 569"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s569"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "29aad1c8e90345729490616f60cb99340c9f658b0a6b4c40df9af540e1d5c90e"
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+text_hash: "ef76ac2d289a817e5d0f1bd4ca3b8346bb94a1aa71744941943899ee5c73a494"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 569 - Security detail
+
+## Text
+
+(a) In general The Secretary of Labor is authorized to employ law enforcement officers or special agents to—
+
+(1) provide protection for the Secretary of Labor during the workday of the Secretary and during any activity that is preliminary or postliminary to the performance of official duties by the Secretary;
+
+(2) provide protection, incidental to the protection provided to the Secretary, to a member of the immediate family of the Secretary who is participating in an activity or event relating to the official duties of the Secretary;
+
+(3) provide continuous protection to the Secretary (including during periods not described in paragraph (1)) and to the members of the immediate family of the Secretary if there is a unique and articulable threat of physical harm, in accordance with guidelines established by the Secretary; and
+
+(4) provide protection to the Deputy Secretary of Labor or another senior officer representing the Secretary of Labor at a public event if there is a unique and articulable threat of physical harm, in accordance with guidelines established by the Secretary.
+
+(b) Authorities The Secretary of Labor may authorize a law enforcement officer or special agent employed under subsection (a), for the purpose of performing the duties authorized under subsection (a), to—
+
+(1) carry firearms;
+
+(2) make arrests without a warrant for any offense against the United States committed in the presence of such officer or special agent;
+
+(3) perform protective intelligence work, including identifying and mitigating potential threats and conducting advance work to review security matters relating to sites and events;
+
+(4) coordinate with local law enforcement agencies; and
+
+(5) initiate criminal and other investigations into potential threats to the security of the Secretary, in coordination with the Inspector General of the Department of Labor.
+
+(c) Compliance with guidelines A law enforcement officer or special agent employed under subsection (a) shall exercise any authority provided under this section in accordance with any—
+
+(1) guidelines issued by the Attorney General; and
+
+(2) guidelines prescribed by the Secretary of Labor.
+
+(Mar. 4, 1913, ch. 141, § 12, as added Pub. L. 119–75, div. B, title I, § 113(a), Feb. 3, 2026, 140 Stat. 255.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification Section 113(a) of div. B of Pub. L. 119–75, which directed amendment of act Mar. 4, 1913, ch. 141, by adding this undesignated section at the end, was executed, as shown in the credit of this section, by adding section 12 to the Act, to reflect the probable intent of Congress and section 113(a) of Pub. L. 118–47, div. D, title I, Mar. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 646, which set out an identical section designated as section 12 with the catchline “Security detail” and provided that act Mar. 4, 1913, was to be applied as if that section were part of it.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 2026 AmendmentPub. L. 119–75, div. B, title I, § 113(b), Feb. 3, 2026, 140 Stat. 256, provided that: “This section [enacting this section] shall be effective on the date of enactment of this Act [Feb. 3, 2026].”
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 601 to 605"
+description: "Repealed. Pub. L. 97–306, title III, § 311, Oct. 14, 1982, 96 Stat. 1442"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "13"
+chapter_name: "EXEMPLARY REHABILITATION CERTIFICATES"
+section: "601 to 605"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 601 to 605"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s601...605"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "50b5d0b5caad473e551b57ab59413dcee94a937d7a319b251f34b6f24c7e65ee"
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+text_hash: "f855e217fb806c140d48bbe1f14e3c21217d40a727d4f07d4e571c7ec3012541"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 601 to 605 - Repealed. Pub. L. 97–306, title III, § 311, Oct. 14, 1982, 96 Stat. 1442
+
+## Notes
+
+Section 601, Pub. L. 90–83, § 6(a), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 221, provided that Secretary of Labor act on any application for an Exemplary Rehabilitation Certificate received under this chapter from any person discharged or dismissed under conditions other than honorable, or who received a general discharge, at least three years before date of receipt of such application.
+
+Section 602, Pub. L. 90–83, § 6(b), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 221, provided criteria for issuance of an Exemplary Rehabilitation Certificate and required notification of issuance of such certificate to Secretary of Defense and placement of certificate in military personnel file of person to whom it is issued.
+
+Section 603, Pub. L. 90–83, § 6(c), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 221, specified certain types of notarized statements that might be used in support of an application for an Exemplary Rehabilitation Certificate, and provided for independent investigations by Secretary of Labor and personal appearances by applicant or appearance by counsel before Secretary.
+
+Section 604, Pub. L. 90–83, § 6(d), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 221, provided that no benefits under any laws of United States (including but not limited to those relating to pensions, compensation, hospitalization, military pay and allowances, education, loan guarantees, retired pay, or other benefits based on military service) accrue to any person to whom an Exemplary Rehabilitation Certificate was issued under section 602 of this title unless he would have been entitled to those benefits under his original discharge or dismissal.
+
+Section 605, Pub. L. 90–83, § 6(e), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 221, provided that Secretary of Labor require national system of public employment offices established under chapter 4B of this title to accord special counseling and job development assistance to any person who had been discharged or dismissed under conditions other than honorable but who had been issued an Exemplary Rehabilitation Certificate.
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 606"
+description: "Repealed. Pub. L. 97–306, title III, § 311, Oct. 14, 1982, 96 Stat. 1442; Pub. L. 97–375, title I, § 110(a), Dec. 21, 1982, 96 Stat. 1820"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "13"
+chapter_name: "EXEMPLARY REHABILITATION CERTIFICATES"
+section: "606"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 606"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s606"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "f3b04ea0f45a8f4c952e1e21f9649d63e04334022819389efdc1a110d5410440"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "123f65eaf0f6719b01d66f4a47cd03d5134b66fbd92ae96d7387b67454b98476"
+text_hash: "5c77ffed0a12a4c6fcda4c2ac5b51dd9aa5a5806619ea9f2db82136bf558fce0"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 606 - Repealed. Pub. L. 97–306, title III, § 311, Oct. 14, 1982, 96 Stat. 1442; Pub. L. 97–375, title I, § 110(a), Dec. 21, 1982, 96 Stat. 1820
+
+## Notes
+
+Section, Pub. L. 90–83, § 6(f), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 221, directed Secretary of Labor to report to Congress not later than Jan. 15 of each year the number of cases reviewed under this chapter and the number of certificates issued.
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 607"
+description: "Repealed. Pub. L. 97–306, title III, § 311, Oct. 14, 1982, 96 Stat. 1442"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "13"
+chapter_name: "EXEMPLARY REHABILITATION CERTIFICATES"
+section: "607"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 607"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s607"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "91d4f015c8e9df15cde00e2696b4e6fa7fd544208177d1afc2c89e7d051476ea"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "123f65eaf0f6719b01d66f4a47cd03d5134b66fbd92ae96d7387b67454b98476"
+text_hash: "06d6cde81014d363000070fd52355759358e23cd427614a0dc3654224fc99569"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 607 - Repealed. Pub. L. 97–306, title III, § 311, Oct. 14, 1982, 96 Stat. 1442
+
+## Notes
+
+Section, Pub. L. 90–83, § 6(g), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 221, provided that in carrying out provisions of this chapter Secretary of Labor was authorized to issued regulations, delegate authority, and utilize services of the Civil Service Commission for making such investigations as might have been mutually agreeable.
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 621"
+description: "Congressional statement of findings and purpose"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "14"
+chapter_name: "AGE DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT"
+section: "621"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 621"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s621"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "ecdc089870bfefa3aa9326a878de238cd1cb2a63acb9e4b033666e939dd91050"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "123f65eaf0f6719b01d66f4a47cd03d5134b66fbd92ae96d7387b67454b98476"
+text_hash: "42d06d4b5d784246b1d2a418d050e2839556a0705a6121e559246424f075f6fa"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 621 - Congressional statement of findings and purpose
+
+## Text
+
+(a) The Congress hereby finds and declares that—
+
+(1) in the face of rising productivity and affluence, older workers find themselves disadvantaged in their efforts to retain employment, and especially to regain employment when displaced from jobs;
+
+(2) the setting of arbitrary age limits regardless of potential for job performance has become a common practice, and certain otherwise desirable practices may work to the disadvantage of older persons;
+
+(3) the incidence of unemployment, especially long-term unemployment with resultant deterioration of skill, morale, and employer acceptability is, relative to the younger ages, high among older workers; their numbers are great and growing; and their employment problems grave;
+
+(4) the existence in industries affecting commerce, of arbitrary discrimination in employment because of age, burdens commerce and the free flow of goods in commerce.
+
+(b) It is therefore the purpose of this chapter to promote employment of older persons based on their ability rather than age; to prohibit arbitrary age discrimination in employment; to help employers and workers find ways of meeting problems arising from the impact of age on employment.
+
+(Pub. L. 90–202, § 2, Dec. 15, 1967, 81 Stat. 602.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date; Rules and RegulationsSection 16, formerly § 15, of Pub. L. 90–202, renumbered by Pub. L. 93–259, § 28(b)(1), Apr. 8, 1974, 88 Stat. 74, provided that: “This Act [enacting this chapter] shall become effective one hundred and eighty days after enactment [Dec. 15, 1967], except (a) that the Secretary of Labor may extend the delay in effective date of any provision of this Act up to and additional ninety days thereafter if he finds that such time is necessary in permitting adjustments to the provisions hereof, and (b) that on or after the date of enactment [Dec. 15, 1967] the Secretary of Labor is authorized to issue such rules and regulations as may be necessary to carry out its provisions.”
+
+Short Title of 1996 AmendmentPub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, § 101(a) [title I, § 119], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009, 3009–23, provided in part that: “This section [amending section 623 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under section 623 of this title, and repealing provisions set out as a note under section 623 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Age Discrimination in Employment Amendments of 1996’.”
+
+Short Title of 1990 AmendmentPub. L. 101–433, § 1, Oct. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 978, provided that: “This Act [amending sections 623, 626, and 630 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 623 and 626 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Older Workers Benefit Protection Act’.”
+
+Short Title of 1986 AmendmentPub. L. 99–592, § 1, Oct. 31, 1986, 100 Stat. 3342, provided that: “This Act [amending sections 623, 630, and 631 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 622 to 624 and 631 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Age Discrimination in Employment Amendments of 1986’.”
+
+Short Title of 1978 AmendmentPub. L. 95–256, § 1, Apr. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 189, provided that: “This Act [amending sections 623, 624, 626, 631, 633a, and 634 of this title and sections 8335 and 8339 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, repealing section 3322 of Title 5, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 623, 626, 631, and 633a of this title] may be cited as the ‘Age Discrimination in Employment Act Amendments of 1978’.”
+
+Short TitlePub. L. 90–202, § 1, Dec. 15, 1967, 81 Stat. 602, provided: “That this Act [enacting this chapter] may be cited as the ‘Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967’.”
+
+SeverabilityPub. L. 101–433, title III, § 301, Oct. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 984, provided that: “If any provision of this Act [see Short Title of 1990 Amendment note above], or an amendment made by this Act, or the application of such provision to any person or circumstances is held to be invalid, the remainder of this Act and the amendments made by this Act, and the application of such provision to other persons and circumstances, shall not be affected thereby.”
+
+Congressional FindingPub. L. 101–433, title I, § 101, Oct. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 978, provided that: “The Congress finds that, as a result of the decision of the Supreme Court in Public Employees Retirement System of Ohio v. Betts, 109 S.Ct. 256 (1989), legislative action is necessary to restore the original congressional intent in passing and amending the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (29 U.S.C. 621 et seq.), which was to prohibit discrimination against older workers in all employee benefits except when age-based reductions in employee benefit plans are justified by significant cost considerations.”
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Transfer of Functions Functions vested by this section in Secretary of Labor or Civil Service Commission transferred to Equal Employment Opportunity Commission by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1978, § 2, 43 F.R. 19807, 92 Stat. 3781, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, effective Jan. 1, 1979, as provided by section 1–101 of Ex. Ord. No. 12106, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1053.
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 622"
+description: "Education and research program; recommendation to Congress"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "14"
+chapter_name: "AGE DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT"
+section: "622"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 622"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s622"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "034bf52dd8e36ee21d74b5310feb97dade7269907e3fdf30818d82d3acde2bc0"
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+text_hash: "134d9befb7b663125ef5c20331fdd2cc35aa144417982bb51784cd93838baa7f"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 622 - Education and research program; recommendation to Congress
+
+## Text
+
+(a) The Secretary of Labor shall undertake studies and provide information to labor unions, management, and the general public concerning the needs and abilities of older workers, and their potentials for continued employment and contribution to the economy. In order to achieve the purposes of this chapter, the Secretary of Labor shall carry on a continuing program of education and information, under which he may, among other measures—
+
+(1) undertake research, and promote research, with a view to reducing barriers to the employment of older persons, and the promotion of measures for utilizing their skills;
+
+(2) publish and otherwise make available to employers, professional societies, the various media of communication, and other interested persons the findings of studies and other materials for the promotion of employment;
+
+(3) foster through the public employment service system and through cooperative effort the development of facilities of public and private agencies for expanding the opportunities and potentials of older persons;
+
+(4) sponsor and assist State and community informational and educational programs.
+
+(b) Not later than six months after the effective date of this chapter, the Secretary shall recommend to the Congress any measures he may deem desirable to change the lower or upper age limits set forth in section 631 of this title.
+
+(Pub. L. 90–202, § 3, Dec. 15, 1967, 81 Stat. 602.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThe effective date of this chapter, referred to in subsec. (b), means the effective date of Pub. L. 90–202, which is one hundred and eighty days after the enactment of this chapter, except that the Secretary of Labor may extend the delay in effective date an additional ninety days thereafter for any provision to permit adjustments to such provisions. See section 16 of Pub. L. 90–202, set out as a note under section 621 of this title.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Study and Proposed Guidelines Relating to Police Officers and FirefightersPub. L. 99–592, § 5, Oct. 31, 1986, 100 Stat. 3343, provided that: “(a) Study.—Not later than 4 years after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 31, 1986], the Secretary of Labor and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, jointly, shall—“(1) conduct a study—“(A) to determine whether physical and mental fitness tests are valid measurements of the ability and competency of police officers and firefighters to perform the requirements of their jobs, “(B) if such tests are found to be valid measurements of such ability and competency, to determine which particular types of tests most effectively measure such ability and competency, and “(C) to develop recommendations with respect to specific standards that such tests, and the administration of such tests should satisfy, and “(2) submit a report to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the President pro tempore of the Senate that includes—“(A) a description of the results of such study, and “(B) a statement of the recommendations developed under paragraph (1)(C). “(b) Consultation Requirement.—The Secretary of Labor and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission shall, during the conduct of the study required under subsection (a) and prior to the development of recommendations under paragraph (1)(C), consult with the United States Fire Administration, the Federal Emergency Management Agency, organizations representing law enforcement officers, firefighters, and their employers, and organizations representing older Americans. “(c) Proposed Guidelines.—Not later than 5 years after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 31, 1986], the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission shall propose, in accordance with subchapter II of chapter 5 of title 5 of the United States Code, guidelines for the administration and use of physical and mental fitness tests to measure the ability and competency of police officers and firefighters to perform the requirements of their jobs.”
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 624"
+description: "Study by Secretary of Labor; reports to President and Congress; scope of study; implementation of study; transmittal date of reports"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "14"
+chapter_name: "AGE DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT"
+section: "624"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 624"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s624"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "38ae8e230819c8f79f827d84eac40b835197b75cbb1fbf39184a90fb7a88b928"
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+text_hash: "2e51950869ba930dd2677f66080017a91717ce6f7d4ccec311667c6804e841ba"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 624 - Study by Secretary of Labor; reports to President and Congress; scope of study; implementation of study; transmittal date of reports
+
+## Text
+
+(a) (1) The Secretary of Labor is directed to undertake an appropriate study of institutional and other arrangements giving rise to involuntary retirement, and report his findings and any appropriate legislative recommendations to the President and to the Congress. Such study shall include—
+
+(A) an examination of the effect of the amendment made by section 3(a) of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act Amendments of 1978 in raising the upper age limitation established by section 631(a) of this title to 70 years of age;
+
+(B) a determination of the feasibility of eliminating such limitation;
+
+(C) a determination of the feasibility of raising such limitation above 70 years of age; and
+
+(D) an examination of the effect of the exemption contained in section 631(c) of this title, relating to certain executive employees, and the exemption contained in section 631(d) of this title, relating to tenured teaching personnel.
+
+(2) The Secretary may undertake the study required by paragraph (1) of this subsection directly or by contract or other arrangement.
+
+(b) The report required by subsection (a) of this section shall be transmitted to the President and to the Congress as an interim report not later than January 1, 1981, and in final form not later than January 1, 1982.
+
+(Pub. L. 90–202, § 5, Dec. 15, 1967, 81 Stat. 604; Pub. L. 95–256, § 6, Apr. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 192.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextSection 3(a) of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act Amendments of 1978, referred to in subsec. (a)(1)(A), is section 3(a) of Pub. L. 95–256, Apr. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 189, which amended section 631 of this title.
+
+Amendments1978—Pub. L. 95–256 designated existing provisions as par. (1), added cls. (A) to (D), added par. (2), and added subsec. (b).
+
+Study To Analyze Potential Consequences of Elimination of Mandatory Retirement on Institutions of Higher EducationPub. L. 99–592, § 6(c), Oct. 31, 1986, 100 Stat. 3344, required the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, not later than 12 months after Oct. 31, 1986, to enter into an agreement with the National Academy of Sciences for the conduct of a study to analyze the potential consequences of the elimination of mandatory retirement on institutions of higher education and to report the results of the study, with recommendations, to the President and to Congress not later than 5 years after Oct. 31, 1986.
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 625"
+description: "Administration"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "14"
+chapter_name: "AGE DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT"
+section: "625"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 625"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s625"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "da129bf3ba6d6708b10e3ae5e2616a75a724054ca12dadf867f9c3233467b7c5"
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+text_hash: "8f5182ea2d8de8c6dc620116120973cf4f3460150551f32d47608bc8d8c94f4e"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 625 - Administration
+
+## Text
+
+The Secretary shall have the power—
+
+(a) Delegation of functions; appointment of personnel; technical assistance to make delegations, to appoint such agents and employees, and to pay for technical assistance on a fee for service basis, as he deems necessary to assist him in the performance of his functions under this chapter;
+
+(b) Cooperation with other agencies, employers, labor organizations, and employment agencies to cooperate with regional, State, local, and other agencies, and to cooperate with and furnish technical assistance to employers, labor organizations, and employment agencies to aid in effectuating the purposes of this chapter.
+
+(Pub. L. 90–202, § 6, Dec. 15, 1967, 81 Stat. 604.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Transfer of Functions Functions relating to age discrimination administration and enforcement vested by this section in Secretary of Labor or Civil Service Commission transferred to Equal Employment Opportunity Commission by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1978, § 2, 43 F.R. 19807, 92 Stat. 3781, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, effective Jan. 1, 1979, as provided by section 1–101 of Ex. Ord. No. 12106, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1053.
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 626"
+description: "Recordkeeping, investigation, and enforcement"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "14"
+chapter_name: "AGE DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT"
+section: "626"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 626"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s626"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "6520f7f043f9bc7437614101adeec895f5f6259718fcbb58c4304da417450e7a"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 626 - Recordkeeping, investigation, and enforcement
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Attendance of witnesses; investigations, inspections, records, and homework regulations The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission shall have the power to make investigations and require the keeping of records necessary or appropriate for the administration of this chapter in accordance with the powers and procedures provided in sections 209 and 211 of this title.
+
+(b) Enforcement; prohibition of age discrimination under fair labor standards; unpaid minimum wages and unpaid overtime compensation; liquidated damages; judicial relief; conciliation, conference, and persuasion The provisions of this chapter shall be enforced in accordance with the powers, remedies, and procedures provided in sections 211(b), 216 (except for subsection (a) thereof), and 217 of this title, and subsection (c) of this section. Any act prohibited under section 623 of this title shall be deemed to be a prohibited act under section 215 of this title. Amounts owing to a person as a result of a violation of this chapter shall be deemed to be unpaid minimum wages or unpaid overtime compensation for purposes of sections 216 and 217 of this title: Provided, That liquidated damages shall be payable only in cases of willful violations of this chapter. In any action brought to enforce this chapter the court shall have jurisdiction to grant such legal or equitable relief as may be appropriate to effectuate the purposes of this chapter, including without limitation judgments compelling employment, reinstatement or promotion, or enforcing the liability for amounts deemed to be unpaid minimum wages or unpaid overtime compensation under this section. Before instituting any action under this section, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission shall attempt to eliminate the discriminatory practice or practices alleged, and to effect voluntary compliance with the requirements of this chapter through informal methods of conciliation, conference, and persuasion.
+
+(c) Civil actions; persons aggrieved; jurisdiction; judicial relief; termination of individual action upon commencement of action by Commission; jury trial (1) Any person aggrieved may bring a civil action in any court of competent jurisdiction for such legal or equitable relief as will effectuate the purposes of this chapter: Provided, That the right of any person to bring such action shall terminate upon the commencement of an action by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission to enforce the right of such employee under this chapter.
+
+(2) In an action brought under paragraph (1), a person shall be entitled to a trial by jury of any issue of fact in any such action for recovery of amounts owing as a result of a violation of this chapter, regardless of whether equitable relief is sought by any party in such action.
+
+(d) Filing of charge with Commission; timeliness; conciliation, conference, and persuasion; unlawful practice (1) No civil action may be commenced by an individual under this section until 60 days after a charge alleging unlawful discrimination has been filed with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Such a charge shall be filed—
+
+(A) within 180 days after the alleged unlawful practice occurred; or
+
+(B) in a case to which section 633(b) of this title applies, within 300 days after the alleged unlawful practice occurred, or within 30 days after receipt by the individual of notice of termination of proceedings under State law, whichever is earlier.
+
+(2) Upon receiving such a charge, the Commission shall promptly notify all persons named in such charge as prospective defendants in the action and shall promptly seek to eliminate any alleged unlawful practice by informal methods of conciliation, conference, and persuasion.
+
+(3) For purposes of this section, an unlawful practice occurs, with respect to discrimination in compensation in violation of this chapter, when a discriminatory compensation decision or other practice is adopted, when a person becomes subject to a discriminatory compensation decision or other practice, or when a person is affected by application of a discriminatory compensation decision or other practice, including each time wages, benefits, or other compensation is paid, resulting in whole or in part from such a decision or other practice.
+
+(e) Reliance on administrative rulings; notice of dismissal or termination; civil action after receipt of notice Section 259 of this title shall apply to actions under this chapter. If a charge filed with the Commission under this chapter is dismissed or the proceedings of the Commission are otherwise terminated by the Commission, the Commission shall notify the person aggrieved. A civil action may be brought under this section by a person defined in section 630(a) of this title against the respondent named in the charge within 90 days after the date of the receipt of such notice.
+
+(f) Waiver (1) An individual may not waive any right or claim under this chapter unless the waiver is knowing and voluntary. Except as provided in paragraph (2), a waiver may not be considered knowing and voluntary unless at a minimum—
+
+(A) the waiver is part of an agreement between the individual and the employer that is written in a manner calculated to be understood by such individual, or by the average individual eligible to participate;
+
+(B) the waiver specifically refers to rights or claims arising under this chapter;
+
+(C) the individual does not waive rights or claims that may arise after the date the waiver is executed;
+
+(D) the individual waives rights or claims only in exchange for consideration in addition to anything of value to which the individual already is entitled;
+
+(E) the individual is advised in writing to consult with an attorney prior to executing the agreement;
+
+(F) (i) the individual is given a period of at least 21 days within which to consider the agreement; or
+
+(ii) if a waiver is requested in connection with an exit incentive or other employment termination program offered to a group or class of employees, the individual is given a period of at least 45 days within which to consider the agreement;
+
+(G) the agreement provides that for a period of at least 7 days following the execution of such agreement, the individual may revoke the agreement, and the agreement shall not become effective or enforceable until the revocation period has expired;
+
+(H) if a waiver is requested in connection with an exit incentive or other employment termination program offered to a group or class of employees, the employer (at the commencement of the period specified in subparagraph (F)) informs the individual in writing in a manner calculated to be understood by the average individual eligible to participate, as to—
+
+(i) any class, unit, or group of individuals covered by such program, any eligibility factors for such program, and any time limits applicable to such program; and
+
+(ii) the job titles and ages of all individuals eligible or selected for the program, and the ages of all individuals in the same job classification or organizational unit who are not eligible or selected for the program.
+
+(2) A waiver in settlement of a charge filed with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, or an action filed in court by the individual or the individual’s representative, alleging age discrimination of a kind prohibited under section 623 or 633a of this title may not be considered knowing and voluntary unless at a minimum—
+
+(A) subparagraphs (A) through (E) of paragraph (1) have been met; and
+
+(B) the individual is given a reasonable period of time within which to consider the settlement agreement.
+
+(3) In any dispute that may arise over whether any of the requirements, conditions, and circumstances set forth in subparagraph (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), (F), (G), or (H) of paragraph (1), or subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph (2), have been met, the party asserting the validity of a waiver shall have the burden of proving in a court of competent jurisdiction that a waiver was knowing and voluntary pursuant to paragraph (1) or (2).
+
+(4) No waiver agreement may affect the Commission’s rights and responsibilities to enforce this chapter. No waiver may be used to justify interfering with the protected right of an employee to file a charge or participate in an investigation or proceeding conducted by the Commission.
+
+(Pub. L. 90–202, § 7, Dec. 15, 1967, 81 Stat. 604; Pub. L. 95–256, § 4(a), (b)(1), (c)(1), Apr. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 190, 191; 1978 Reorg. Plan No. 1, § 2, eff. Jan. 1, 1979, 43 F.R. 19807, 92 Stat. 3781; Pub. L. 101–433, title II, § 201, Oct. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 983; Pub. L. 102–166, title I, § 115, Nov. 21, 1991, 105 Stat. 1079; Pub. L. 111–2, § 4, Jan. 29, 2009, 123 Stat. 6.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments2009—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 111–2, § 4(1)(B)–(3), inserted “(1)” before “No civil” and “(2)” before “Upon receiving” and added par. (3). Pub. L. 111–2, § 4(1)(A), which directed amendment of first sentence by redesignating pars. (1) and (2) as subpars. (A) and (B), respectively, was executed by making the redesignation in the second sentence to reflect the probable intent of Congress. 1991—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 102–166 struck out par. (1) designation, substituted “Section” for “Sections 255 and”, inserted at end “If a charge filed with the Commission under this chapter is dismissed or the proceedings of the Commission are otherwise terminated by the Commission, the Commission shall notify the person aggrieved. A civil action may be brought under this section by a person defined in section 630(a) of this title against the respondent named in the charge within 90 days after the date of the receipt of such notice.”, and struck out par. (2) which read as follows: “For the period during which the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is attempting to effect voluntary compliance with requirements of this chapter through informal methods of conciliation, conference, and persuasion pursuant to subsection (b), the statute of limitations as provided in section 255 of this title shall be tolled, but in no event for a period in excess of one year.” 1990—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 101–433 added subsec. (f). 1978—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–256, § 4(a), designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2). Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 95–256, § 4(b)(1), substituted references to the filing of a charge with the Secretary alleging unlawful discrimination for references to the filing with the Secretary of notice of intent to sue. Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 95–256, § 4(c)(1), designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 2009 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 111–2 effective as if enacted May 28, 2007, and applicable to certain claims of discrimination in compensation pending on or after that date, see section 6 of Pub. L. 111–2, set out as a note under section 2000e–5 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.
+
+Effective Date of 1991 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 102–166 effective Nov. 21, 1991, except as otherwise provided, see section 402 of Pub. L. 102–166, set out as a note under section 1981 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.
+
+Effective Date of 1990 AmendmentPub. L. 101–433, title II, § 202(a), Oct. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 984, provided that: “The amendment made by section 201 [amending this section] shall not apply with respect to waivers that occur before the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 16, 1990].”
+
+Effective Date of 1978 AmendmentPub. L. 95–256, § 4(b)(2), Apr. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 190, provided that: “The amendment made by paragraph (1) of this subsection [amending this section] shall take effect with respect to civil actions brought after the date of enactment of this Act [Apr. 6, 1978].” Pub. L. 95–256, § 4(c)(2), Apr. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 191, provided that: “The amendment made by paragraph (1) of this subsection [amending this section] shall take effect with respect to conciliations commenced by the Secretary of Labor after the date of enactment of this Act [Apr. 6, 1978].”
+
+Rule on WaiversPub. L. 101–433, title II, § 202(b), Oct. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 984, provided that: “Effective on the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 16, 1990], the rule on waivers issued by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and contained in section 1627.16(c) of title 29, Code of Federal Regulations, shall have no force and effect.”
+
+Age Discrimination Claims AssistancePub. L. 100–283, Apr. 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 78, as amended by Pub. L. 101–504, § 2, Nov. 3, 1990, 104 Stat. 1298, provided extension period for filing civil actions under this section, such period consisting of 450 days beginning on Apr. 7, 1988, in cases where a charge was timely filed with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission after Dec. 31, 1983, and 450 days beginning on Nov. 3, 1990, in cases where a charge was timely filed after Apr. 6, 1985, but the Commission did not, within the applicable period set forth in subsec. (e) of this section either eliminate the alleged unlawful practice or notify the complainant, in writing, of the disposition of the charge and of right of such person to bring civil action on such claim; required the Commission to provide notice regarding claims for which extension period was applicable; and required the Commission to submit reports to Congress containing, among other things, information as to number of persons eligible for extension period and number of persons who were provided notice regarding claims for which extension period was provided.
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Transfer of Functions “Equal Employment Opportunity Commission” and “Commission” substituted for “Secretary”, meaning Secretary of Labor, pursuant to Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1978, § 2, 43 F.R. 19807, 92 Stat. 3781, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, which transferred all functions vested by this section in Secretary of Labor to Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, effective Jan. 1, 1979, as provided by section 1–101 of Ex. Ord. No. 12106, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1053.
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 627"
+description: "Notices to be posted"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "14"
+chapter_name: "AGE DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT"
+section: "627"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 627"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s627"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "ccd480ea4f3cf5a654387ba30738dbe567799b1f07c1e9d9e6a9f1ffffcb2d32"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "123f65eaf0f6719b01d66f4a47cd03d5134b66fbd92ae96d7387b67454b98476"
+text_hash: "b051c42c3ac5083397f05734028c8c903132de62cbddccae2088b5d15fc2ed1e"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 627 - Notices to be posted
+
+## Text
+
+Every employer, employment agency, and labor organization shall post and keep posted in conspicuous places upon its premises a notice to be prepared or approved by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission setting forth information as the Commission deems appropriate to effectuate the purposes of this chapter.
+
+(Pub. L. 90–202, § 8, Dec. 15, 1967, 81 Stat. 605; 1978 Reorg. Plan No. 1, § 2, eff. Jan. 1, 1979, 43 F.R. 19807, 92 Stat. 3781.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Transfer of Functions “Equal Employment Opportunity Commission” and “Commission” substituted in text for “Secretary”, meaning Secretary of Labor, pursuant to Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1978, § 2, 43 F.R. 19807, 92 Stat. 3781, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, which transferred all functions vested by this section in Secretary of Labor to Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, effective Jan. 1, 1979, as provided by section 1–101 of Ex. Ord. No. 12106, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1053.
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 628"
+description: "Rules and regulations; exemptions"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "14"
+chapter_name: "AGE DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT"
+section: "628"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 628"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s628"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "eee07c1f1628fc0ff96f03b603ce5db5636b477be5b08cf9bb677df8f96dcdae"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "123f65eaf0f6719b01d66f4a47cd03d5134b66fbd92ae96d7387b67454b98476"
+text_hash: "121ae1fd06b4822f2a3610b72e30bced99d9b36575fc4f87cbae56a0414039d8"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 628 - Rules and regulations; exemptions
+
+## Text
+
+In accordance with the provisions of subchapter II of chapter 5 of title 5, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission may issue such rules and regulations as it may consider necessary or appropriate for carrying out this chapter, and may establish such reasonable exemptions to and from any or all provisions of this chapter as it may find necessary and proper in the public interest.
+
+(Pub. L. 90–202, § 9, Dec. 15, 1967, 81 Stat. 605; 1978 Reorg. Plan No. 1, § 2, eff. Jan. 1, 1979, 43 F.R. 19807, 92 Stat. 3781.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Transfer of Functions “Equal Employment Opportunity Commission” and “it” substituted in text for “Secretary of Labor” and “he”, respectively, pursuant to Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1978, § 2, 43 F.R. 19807, 92 Stat. 3781, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, which transferred all functions vested by this section in Secretary of Labor to Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, effective Jan. 1, 1979, as provided by section 1–101 of Ex. Ord. No. 12106, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1053.
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 629"
+description: "Criminal penalties"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "14"
+chapter_name: "AGE DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT"
+section: "629"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 629"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s629"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "a407ab6ab13611387ed2b3fa195fabfe099b9477b1da3f11b521d78800a2feb7"
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+text_hash: "e49221f053100950308c17004fd3ca3c8d735e65c805d695fd7290913e853e79"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 629 - Criminal penalties
+
+## Text
+
+Whoever shall forcibly resist, oppose, impede, intimidate or interfere with a duly authorized representative of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission while it is engaged in the performance of duties under this chapter shall be punished by a fine of not more than $500 or by imprisonment for not more than one year, or by both: Provided, however, That no person shall be imprisoned under this section except when there has been a prior conviction hereunder.
+
+(Pub. L. 90–202, § 10, Dec. 15, 1967, 81 Stat. 605; 1978 Reorg. Plan No. 1, § 2, eff. Jan. 1, 1979, 43 F.R. 19807, 92 Stat. 3781.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Transfer of Functions “Equal Employment Opportunity Commission” and “it” substituted in text for “Secretary”, meaning Secretary of Labor, and “he”, respectively, pursuant to Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1978, § 2, 43 F.R. 19807, 92 Stat. 3781, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, which transferred all functions vested by this section in Secretary of Labor to Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, effective Jan. 1, 1979, as provided by section 1–101 of Ex. Ord. No. 12106, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1053.
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 630"
+description: "Definitions"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "14"
+chapter_name: "AGE DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT"
+section: "630"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 630"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s630"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "c6317444d2691c32922f030e13b04b2f12f2614c94ac6cfb8da298c6142bc493"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 630 - Definitions
+
+## Text
+
+For the purposes of this chapter—
+
+(a) The term “person” means one or more individuals, partnerships, associations, labor organizations, corporations, business trusts, legal representatives, or any organized groups of persons.
+
+(b) The term “employer” means a person engaged in an industry affecting commerce who has twenty or more employees for each working day in each of twenty or more calendar weeks in the current or preceding calendar year: Provided, That prior to June 30, 1968, employers having fewer than fifty employees shall not be considered employers. The term also means (1) any agent of such a person, and (2) a State or political subdivision of a State and any agency or instrumentality of a State or a political subdivision of a State, and any interstate agency, but such term does not include the United States, or a corporation wholly owned by the Government of the United States.
+
+(c) The term “employment agency” means any person regularly undertaking with or without compensation to procure employees for an employer and includes an agent of such a person; but shall not include an agency of the United States.
+
+(d) The term “labor organization” means a labor organization engaged in an industry affecting commerce, and any agent of such an organization, and includes any organization of any kind, any agency, or employee representation committee, group, association, or plan so engaged in which employees participate and which exists for the purpose, in whole or in part, of dealing with employers concerning grievances, labor disputes, wages, rates of pay, hours, or other terms or conditions of employment, and any conference, general committee, joint or system board, or joint council so engaged which is subordinate to a national or international labor organization.
+
+(e) A labor organization shall be deemed to be engaged in an industry affecting commerce if (1) it maintains or operates a hiring hall or hiring office which procures employees for an employer or procures for employees opportunities to work for an employer, or (2) the number of its members (or, where it is a labor organization composed of other labor organizations or their representatives, if the aggregate number of the members of such other labor organization) is fifty or more prior to July 1, 1968, or twenty-five or more on or after July 1, 1968, and such labor organization—
+
+(1) is the certified representative of employees under the provisions of the National Labor Relations Act, as amended [29 U.S.C. 151 et seq.], or the Railway Labor Act, as amended [45 U.S.C. 151 et seq.]; or
+
+(2) although not certified, is a national or international labor organization or a local labor organization recognized or acting as the representative of employees of an employer or employers engaged in an industry affecting commerce; or
+
+(3) has chartered a local labor organization or subsidiary body which is representing or actively seeking to represent employees of employers within the meaning of paragraph (1) or (2); or
+
+(4) has been chartered by a labor organization representing or actively seeking to represent employees within the meaning of paragraph (1) or (2) as the local or subordinate body through which such employees may enjoy membership or become affiliated with such labor organization; or
+
+(5) is a conference, general committee, joint or system board, or joint council subordinate to a national or international labor organization, which includes a labor organization engaged in an industry affecting commerce within the meaning of any of the preceding paragraphs of this subsection.
+
+(f) The term “employee” means an individual employed by any employer except that the term “employee” shall not include any person elected to public office in any State or political subdivision of any State by the qualified voters thereof, or any person chosen by such officer to be on such officer’s personal staff, or an appointee on the policymaking level or an immediate adviser with respect to the exercise of the constitutional or legal powers of the office. The exemption set forth in the preceding sentence shall not include employees subject to the civil service laws of a State government, governmental agency, or political subdivision. The term “employee” includes any individual who is a citizen of the United States employed by an employer in a workplace in a foreign country.
+
+(g) The term “commerce” means trade, traffic, commerce, transportation, transmission, or communication among the several States; or between a State and any place outside thereof; or within the District of Columbia, or a possession of the United States; or between points in the same State but through a point outside thereof.
+
+(h) The term “industry affecting commerce” means any activity, business, or industry in commerce or in which a labor dispute would hinder or obstruct commerce or the free flow of commerce and includes any activity or industry “affecting commerce” within the meaning of the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959 [29 U.S.C. 401 et seq.].
+
+(i) The term “State” includes a State of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Guam, Wake Island, the Canal Zone, and Outer Continental Shelf lands defined in the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act [43 U.S.C. 1331 et seq.].
+
+(j) The term “firefighter” means an employee, the duties of whose position are primarily to perform work directly connected with the control and extinguishment of fires or the maintenance and use of firefighting apparatus and equipment, including an employee engaged in this activity who is transferred to a supervisory or administrative position.
+
+(k) The term “law enforcement officer” means an employee, the duties of whose position are primarily the investigation, apprehension, or detention of individuals suspected or convicted of offenses against the criminal laws of a State, including an employee engaged in this activity who is transferred to a supervisory or administrative position. For the purpose of this subsection, “detention” includes the duties of employees assigned to guard individuals incarcerated in any penal institution.
+
+(l) The term “compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment” encompasses all employee benefits, including such benefits provided pursuant to a bona fide employee benefit plan.
+
+(Pub. L. 90–202, § 11, Dec. 15, 1967, 81 Stat. 605; Pub. L. 93–259, § 28(a)(1)–(4), Apr. 8, 1974, 88 Stat. 74; Pub. L. 98–459, title VIII, § 802(a), Oct. 9, 1984, 98 Stat. 1792; Pub. L. 99–592, § 4, Oct. 31, 1986, 100 Stat. 3343; Pub. L. 101–433, title I, § 102, Oct. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 978.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThe National Labor Relations Act, referred to in subsec. (e)(1), is act July 5, 1935, ch. 372, 49 Stat. 452, which is classified generally to subchapter II (§ 151 et seq.) of chapter 7 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 167 of this title and Tables. The Railway Labor Act, referred to in subsec. (e)(1), is act May 20, 1926, ch. 347, 44 Stat. 577, which is classified principally to chapter 8 (§ 151 et seq.) of Title 45, Railroads. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 151 of Title 45 and Tables. The Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959, referred to in subsec. (h), is Pub. L. 86–257, Sept. 14, 1959, 73 Stat. 519, which is classified principally to chapter 11 (§ 401 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 401 of this title, and Tables. For definition of Canal Zone, referred to in subsec. (i), see section 3602(b) of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. The Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act, referred to in subsec. (i), is act Aug. 7, 1953, ch. 345, 67 Stat. 462, which is classified generally to subchapter III (§ 1331 et seq.) of chapter 29 of Title 43, Public Lands. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1301 of Title 43 and Tables.
+
+Amendments1990—Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 101–433 added subsec. (l). 1986—Subsecs. (j), (k). Pub. L. 99–592 added subsecs. (j) and (k). 1984—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 98–459 inserted provision defining “employee” as including any individual who is a citizen of the United States employed by an employer in a workplace in a foreign country. 1974—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 93–259, § 28(a)(1), (2), substituted in first sentence “twenty” for “twenty-five” and, in second sentence, defined term “employer” to include a State or political subdivision of a State and any agency or instrumentality of a State or a political subdivision of a State, and any interstate agency, and deleted text excluding from such term a State or political subdivision thereof. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 93–259, § 28(a)(3), struck out text excluding from term “employment agency” an agency of a State or political subdivision of a State, but including the United States Employment Service and the system of State and local employment services receiving Federal assistance. Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 93–259, § 28(a)(4), excepted from the term “employee” elected public officials, persons chosen by such officials for such officials’ personal staff, appointees on policymaking level, and immediate advisers with respect to exercise of constitutional or legal powers of the public office but excluded from such exemption employees subject to civil laws of a State government, governmental agency, or political subdivision.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 1990 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 101–433 applicable only to any employee benefit established or modified on or after Oct. 16, 1990, and other conduct occurring more than 180 days after Oct. 16, 1990, except as otherwise provided, see section 105 of Pub. L. 101–433, set out as a note under section 623 of this title.
+
+Effective Date of 1986 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 99–592 effective Jan. 1, 1987, with certain exceptions, but not applicable with respect to any cause of action arising under this chapter as in effect before Jan. 1, 1987, see section 7 of Pub. L. 99–592, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 1986 Amendment note under section 623 of this title.
+
+Effective Date of 1984 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 98–459 effective Oct. 9, 1984, see section 803(a) of Pub. L. 98–459, set out as a note under section 3001 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.
+
+Effective Date of 1974 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 93–259 effective May 1, 1974, see section 29(a) of Pub. L. 93–259, set out as a note under section 202 of this title.
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Transfer of Functions Functions vested by this section in Secretary of Labor or Civil Service Commission transferred to Equal Employment Opportunity Commission by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1978, § 2, 43 F.R. 19807, 92 Stat. 3781, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, effective Jan. 1, 1979, as provided by section 1–101 of Ex. Ord. No. 12106, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1053.
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 631"
+description: "Age limits"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "14"
+chapter_name: "AGE DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT"
+section: "631"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 631"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s631"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 631 - Age limits
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Individuals at least 40 years of age The prohibitions in this chapter shall be limited to individuals who are at least 40 years of age.
+
+(b) Employees or applicants for employment in Federal Government In the case of any personnel action affecting employees or applicants for employment which is subject to the provisions of section 633a of this title, the prohibitions established in section 633a of this title shall be limited to individuals who are at least 40 years of age.
+
+(c) Bona fide executives or high policymakers (1) Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to prohibit compulsory retirement of any employee who has attained 65 years of age and who, for the 2-year period immediately before retirement, is employed in a bona fide executive or a high policymaking position, if such employee is entitled to an immediate nonforfeitable annual retirement benefit from a pension, profit-sharing, savings, or deferred compensation plan, or any combination of such plans, of the employer of such employee, which equals, in the aggregate, at least $44,000.
+
+(2) In applying the retirement benefit test of paragraph (1) of this subsection, if any such retirement benefit is in a form other than a straight life annuity (with no ancillary benefits), or if employees contribute to any such plan or make rollover contributions, such benefit shall be adjusted in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, after consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, so that the benefit is the equivalent of a straight life annuity (with no ancillary benefits) under a plan to which employees do not contribute and under which no rollover contributions are made.
+
+(Pub. L. 90–202, § 12, Dec. 15, 1967, 81 Stat. 607; Pub. L. 95–256, § 3(a), (b)(3), Apr. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 189, 190; 1978 Reorg. Plan No. 1, § 2, eff. Jan. 1, 1979, 43 F.R. 19807, 92 Stat. 3781; Pub. L. 98–459, title VIII, § 802(c)(1), Oct. 9, 1984, 98 Stat. 1792; Pub. L. 99–272, title IX, § 9201(b)(2), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 171; Pub. L. 99–592, §§ 2(c), 6(a), Oct. 31, 1986, 100 Stat. 3342, 3344; Pub. L. 101–239, title VI, § 6202(b)(3)(C)(ii), Dec. 19, 1989, 103 Stat. 2233.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments1989—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–239 struck out “(except the provisions of section 623(g) of this title)” after “in this chapter”. 1986—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–592, § 2(c)(1), which directed that “but less than seventy years of age” be struck out was executed by striking out “but less than 70 years of age” after “40 years of age” as the probable intent of Congress. Pub. L. 99–272 inserted “(except the provisions of section 623(g) of this title)” after “this chapter”. Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 99–592, § 2(c)(2), which directed that “but not seventy years of age,” be struck out was executed by striking out “but not 70 years of age,” after “65 years of age” as the probable intent of Congress. Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 99–592, § 6(a), (b), temporarily added subsec. (d) which read as follows: “Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to prohibit compulsory retirement of any employee who has attained 70 years of age, and who is serving under a contract of unlimited tenure (or similar arrangement providing for unlimited tenure) at an institution of higher education (as defined by section 1141(a) of title 20).” See Effective and Termination Dates of 1986 Amendments note below. 1984—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 98–459 substituted “$44,000” for “$27,000”. 1978—Pub. L. 95–256, § 3(a), designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), substituted “40 years of age but less than 70 years of age” for “forty years of age but less than sixty-five years of age”, added subsecs. (b) and (c), and temporarily added subsec. (d). See Effective and Termination Dates of 1978 Amendment note below.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 1989 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 101–239 applicable to items and services furnished after Dec. 19, 1989, see section 6202(b)(5) of Pub. L. 101–239, set out as a note under section 162 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.
+
+Effective and Termination Dates of 1986 AmendmentsAmendment by Pub. L. 99–592 effective Jan. 1, 1987, with certain exceptions, see section 7(a) of Pub. L. 99–592 set out as a note under section 623 of this title. Pub. L. 99–592, § 6(b), Oct. 31, 1986, 100 Stat. 3344, provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) of this section [amending this section] is repealed December 31, 1993.” Amendment by Pub. L. 99–272 effective May 1, 1986, see section 9201(d)(2) of Pub. L. 99–272, set out as an Effective Date of 1986 Amendment note under section 1395p of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.
+
+Effective Date of 1984 AmendmentPub. L. 98–459, title VIII, § 802(c)(2), Oct. 9, 1984, 98 Stat. 1792, provided that: “The amendment made by paragraph (1) of this subsection [amending this section] shall not apply with respect to any individual who retires, or is compelled to retire, before the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 9, 1984].”
+
+Effective and Termination Dates of 1978 AmendmentPub. L. 95–256, § 3(b), Apr. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 190, provided that: “(1) Sections 12(a), 12(c), and 12(d) of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967, as amended by subsection (a) of this section [subsecs. (a), (c), and (d) of this section] shall take effect on January 1, 1979. “(2) Section 12(b) of such Act, as amended by subsection (a) of this section [subsec. (b) of this section], shall take effect on September 30, 1978. “(3) Section 12(d) of such Act, as amended by subsection (a) of this section [enacting subsec. (d) of this section], is repealed on July 1, 1982.”
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Transfer of Functions “Equal Employment Opportunity Commission” substituted for “Secretary”, meaning Secretary of Labor, in subsec. (c)(2) pursuant to Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1978, § 2, 43 F.R. 19807, 92 Stat. 3781, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, which transferred all functions vested by this section in Secretary of Labor to Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, effective Jan. 1, 1979, as provided by section 1–101 of Ex. Ord. No. 12106, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1053.
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 632"
+description: "Omitted"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "14"
+chapter_name: "AGE DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT"
+section: "632"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 632"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 632 - Omitted
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification Section, Pub. L. 90–202, § 13, Dec. 15, 1967, 81 Stat. 607; 1978 Reorg. Plan No. 1, § 2, eff. Jan. 1, 1979, 43 F.R. 19807, 92 Stat. 3781, which required the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission to submit to Congress an annual report on the Commission’s activities including an evaluation and appraisal of the effect of the minimum and maximum ages established by this chapter, terminated, effective May 15, 2000, pursuant to section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance. See, also, page 123 of House Document No. 103–7.
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 633"
+description: "Federal-State relationship"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "14"
+chapter_name: "AGE DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT"
+section: "633"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 633"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s633"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 633 - Federal-State relationship
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Federal action superseding State action Nothing in this chapter shall affect the jurisdiction of any agency of any State performing like functions with regard to discriminatory employment practices on account of age except that upon commencement of action under this chapter such action shall supersede any State action.
+
+(b) Limitation of Federal action upon commencement of State proceedings In the case of an alleged unlawful practice occurring in a State which has a law prohibiting discrimination in employment because of age and establishing or authorizing a State authority to grant or seek relief from such discriminatory practice, no suit may be brought under section 626 of this title before the expiration of sixty days after proceedings have been commenced under the State law, unless such proceedings have been earlier terminated: Provided, That such sixty-day period shall be extended to one hundred and twenty days during the first year after the effective date of such State law. If any requirement for the commencement of such proceedings is imposed by a State authority other than a requirement of the filing of a written and signed statement of the facts upon which the proceeding is based, the proceeding shall be deemed to have been commenced for the purposes of this subsection at the time such statement is sent by registered mail to the appropriate State authority.
+
+(Pub. L. 90–202, § 14, Dec. 15, 1967, 81 Stat. 607.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Transfer of Functions Functions vested by this section in Secretary of Labor or Civil Service Commission transferred to Equal Employment Opportunity Commission by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1978, § 2, 43 F.R. 19807, 92 Stat. 3781, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, effective Jan. 1, 1979, as provided by section 1–101 of Ex. Ord. No. 12106, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1053.
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 633a"
+description: "Nondiscrimination on account of age in Federal Government employment"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "14"
+chapter_name: "AGE DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT"
+section: "633a"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 633a"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s633a"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 633a - Nondiscrimination on account of age in Federal Government employment
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Federal agencies affected All personnel actions affecting employees or applicants for employment who are at least 40 years of age (except personnel actions with regard to aliens employed outside the limits of the United States) in military departments as defined in section 102 of title 5, in executive agencies as defined in section 105 of title 5 (including employees and applicants for employment who are paid from nonappropriated funds), in the United States Postal Service and the Postal Regulatory Commission, in those units in the government of the District of Columbia having positions in the competitive service, and in those units of the judicial branch of the Federal Government having positions in the competitive service, in the Smithsonian Institution, and in the Government Publishing Office, the Government Accountability Office, and the Library of Congress shall be made free from any discrimination based on age.
+
+(b) Enforcement by Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and by Librarian of Congress in the Library of Congress; remedies; rules, regulations, orders, and instructions of Commission: compliance by Federal agencies; powers and duties of Commission; notification of final action on complaint of discrimination; exemptions: bona fide occupational qualification Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is authorized to enforce the provisions of subsection (a) through appropriate remedies, including reinstatement or hiring of employees with or without backpay, as will effectuate the policies of this section. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission shall issue such rules, regulations, orders, and instructions as it deems necessary and appropriate to carry out its responsibilities under this section. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission shall—
+
+(1) be responsible for the review and evaluation of the operation of all agency programs designed to carry out the policy of this section, periodically obtaining and publishing (on at least a semiannual basis) progress reports from each department, agency, or unit referred to in subsection (a);
+
+(2) consult with and solicit the recommendations of interested individuals, groups, and organizations relating to nondiscrimination in employment on account of age; and
+
+(3) provide for the acceptance and processing of complaints of discrimination in Federal employment on account of age.
+
+The head of each such department, agency, or unit shall comply with such rules, regulations, orders, and instructions of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission which shall include a provision that an employee or applicant for employment shall be notified of any final action taken on any complaint of discrimination filed by him thereunder. Reasonable exemptions to the provisions of this section may be established by the Commission but only when the Commission has established a maximum age requirement on the basis of a determination that age is a bona fide occupational qualification necessary to the performance of the duties of the position. With respect to employment in the Library of Congress, authorities granted in this subsection to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission shall be exercised by the Librarian of Congress.
+
+(c) Civil actions; jurisdiction; relief Any person aggrieved may bring a civil action in any Federal district court of competent jurisdiction for such legal or equitable relief as will effectuate the purposes of this chapter.
+
+(d) Notice to Commission; time of notice; Commission notification of prospective defendants; Commission elimination of unlawful practices When the individual has not filed a complaint concerning age discrimination with the Commission, no civil action may be commenced by any individual under this section until the individual has given the Commission not less than thirty days’ notice of an intent to file such action. Such notice shall be filed within one hundred and eighty days after the alleged unlawful practice occurred. Upon receiving a notice of intent to sue, the Commission shall promptly notify all persons named therein as prospective defendants in the action and take any appropriate action to assure the elimination of any unlawful practice.
+
+(e) Duty of Government agency or official Nothing contained in this section shall relieve any Government agency or official of the responsibility to assure nondiscrimination on account of age in employment as required under any provision of Federal law.
+
+(f) Applicability of statutory provisions to personnel action of Federal departments, etc. Any personnel action of any department, agency, or other entity referred to in subsection (a) of this section shall not be subject to, or affected by, any provision of this chapter, other than the provisions of sections 626(d)(3) and 631(b) of this title and the provisions of this section.
+
+(g) Study and report to President and Congress by Equal Employment Opportunity Commission; scope (1) The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission shall undertake a study relating to the effects of the amendments made to this section by the Age Discrimination in Employment Act Amendments of 1978, and the effects of section 631(b) of this title.
+
+(2) The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission shall transmit a report to the President and to the Congress containing the findings of the Commission resulting from the study of the Commission under paragraph (1) of this subsection. Such report shall be transmitted no later than January 1, 1980.
+
+(Pub. L. 90–202, § 15, as added Pub. L. 93–259, § 28(b)(2), Apr. 8, 1974, 88 Stat. 74; amended Pub. L. 95–256, § 5(a), (e), Apr. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 191; 1978 Reorg. Plan No. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1979, § 2, 43 F.R. 19807, 92 Stat. 3781; Pub. L. 104–1, title II, § 201(c)(2), Jan. 23, 1995, 109 Stat. 8; Pub. L. 105–220, title III, § 341(b), Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1092; Pub. L. 108–271, § 8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814; Pub. L. 109–435, title VI, § 604(f), Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 3242; Pub. L. 111–2, § 5(c)(3), Jan. 29, 2009, 123 Stat. 7; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, § 1301(b), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThe amendments made to this section by the Age Discrimination in Employment Act Amendments of 1978, referred to in subsec. (g)(1), are amendments by section 5(a) and (e) of Pub. L. 95–256, which amended subsecs. (a), (f), and (g) of this section.
+
+Amendments2009—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 111–2 substituted “of sections 626(d)(3) and” for “of section”. 2006—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–435 substituted “Postal Regulatory Commission” for “Postal Rate Commission”. 2004—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted “Government Accountability Office” for “General Accounting Office”. 1998—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–220 inserted “in the Smithsonian Institution,” before “and in the Government Printing Office”. 1995—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–1 substituted “units of the judicial branch” for “units of the legislative and judicial branches” and inserted “Government Printing Office, the General Accounting Office, and the” before “Library of Congress”. 1978—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–256, § 5(a), inserted age requirement of at least 40 years of age, and “personnel actions” after “except”. Subsecs. (f), (g). Pub. L. 95–256, § 5(e), added subsecs. (f) and (g).
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Change of Name “Government Publishing Office” substituted for “Government Printing Office” in subsec. (a) on authority of section 1301(b) of Pub. L. 113–235, set out as a note preceding section 301 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.
+
+Effective Date of 2009 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 111–2 effective as if enacted May 28, 2007, and applicable to certain claims of discrimination in compensation pending on or after that date, see section 6 of Pub. L. 111–2, set out as a note under section 2000e–5 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.
+
+Effective Date of 1998 AmendmentPub. L. 105–220, title III, § 341(d), Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1092, which provided that amendments made by subsections (a), (b), and (c) (amending this section, section 791 of this title, and section 2000e–16 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare) would take effect on Aug. 7, 1998, and would be applicable to and may be raised in any administrative or judicial claim or action brought before Aug. 7, 1998, but pending on such date, and any administrative or judicial claim or action brought after Aug. 7, 1998, regardless of whether the claim or action arose prior to such date, if the claim or action was brought within the applicable statute of limitations, was repealed by Pub. L. 113–128, title V, § 511(a), July 22, 2014, 128 Stat. 1705.
+
+Effective Date of 1995 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 104–1 effective 1 year after Jan. 23, 1995, see section 1311(e) of Title 2, The Congress.
+
+Effective Date of 1978 AmendmentPub. L. 95–256, § 5(f), Apr. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 192, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 8335 and 8339 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, and repealing section 3322 of Title 5] shall take effect on September 30, 1978, except that section 15(g) of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967, as amended by subsection (e) of this section [subsec. (g) of this section], shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Apr. 6, 1978].”
+
+Effective DateSection effective May 1, 1974, see section 29(a) of Pub. L. 93–259, set out as an Effective Date of 1974 Amendment note under section 202 of this title.
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Transfer of Functions “Equal Employment Opportunity Commission” substituted for “Civil Service Commission” in subsecs. (b) and (g) pursuant to Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1978, § 2, 43 F.R. 19807, 92 Stat. 3781, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, which transferred all functions vested by this section in Civil Service Commission to Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, effective Jan. 1, 1979, as provided by section 1–101 of Ex. Ord. No. 12106, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1053.
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 634"
+description: "Authorization of appropriations"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "14"
+chapter_name: "AGE DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT"
+section: "634"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 634"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s634"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 634 - Authorization of appropriations
+
+## Text
+
+There are hereby authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out this chapter.
+
+(Pub. L. 90–202, § 17, formerly § 16, Dec. 15, 1967, 81 Stat. 608; renumbered and amended Pub. L. 93–259, § 28(a)(5), (b)(1), Apr. 8, 1974, 88 Stat. 74; Pub. L. 95–256, § 7, Apr. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 193.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments1978—Pub. L. 95–256 struck out “, not in excess of $5,000,000 for any fiscal year,” after “sums”. 1974—Pub. L. 93–259, § 28(a)(5), increased appropriations authorization to $5,000,000 from $3,000,000.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 1974 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 93–259 effective May 1, 1974, see section 29(a) of Pub. L. 93–259, set out as a note under section 202 of this title.
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Transfer of Functions Functions relating to age discrimination administration and enforcement vested by this section in Secretary of Labor or Civil Service Commission transferred to Equal Employment Opportunity Commission by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1978, § 2, 43 F.R. 19807, 92 Stat. 3781, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, effective Jan. 1, 1979, as provided by section 1–101 of Ex. Ord. No. 12106, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1053.
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 651"
+description: "Congressional statement of findings and declaration of purpose and policy"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "15"
+chapter_name: "OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH"
+section: "651"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 651"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s651"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 651 - Congressional statement of findings and declaration of purpose and policy
+
+## Text
+
+(a) The Congress finds that personal injuries and illnesses arising out of work situations impose a substantial burden upon, and are a hindrance to, interstate commerce in terms of lost production, wage loss, medical expenses, and disability compensation payments.
+
+(b) The Congress declares it to be its purpose and policy, through the exercise of its powers to regulate commerce among the several States and with foreign nations and to provide for the general welfare, to assure so far as possible every working man and woman in the Nation safe and healthful working conditions and to preserve our human resources—
+
+(1) by encouraging employers and employees in their efforts to reduce the number of occupational safety and health hazards at their places of employment, and to stimulate employers and employees to institute new and to perfect existing programs for providing safe and healthful working conditions;
+
+(2) by providing that employers and employees have separate but dependent responsibilities and rights with respect to achieving safe and healthful working conditions;
+
+(3) by authorizing the Secretary of Labor to set mandatory occupational safety and health standards applicable to businesses affecting interstate commerce, and by creating an Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission for carrying out adjudicatory functions under this chapter;
+
+(4) by building upon advances already made through employer and employee initiative for providing safe and healthful working conditions;
+
+(5) by providing for research in the field of occupational safety and health, including the psychological factors involved, and by developing innovative methods, techniques, and approaches for dealing with occupational safety and health problems;
+
+(6) by exploring ways to discover latent diseases, establishing causal connections between diseases and work in environmental conditions, and conducting other research relating to health problems, in recognition of the fact that occupational health standards present problems often different from those involved in occupational safety;
+
+(7) by providing medical criteria which will assure insofar as practicable that no employee will suffer diminished health, functional capacity, or life expectancy as a result of his work experience;
+
+(8) by providing for training programs to increase the number and competence of personnel engaged in the field of occupational safety and health;
+
+(9) by providing for the development and promulgation of occupational safety and health standards;
+
+(10) by providing an effective enforcement program which shall include a prohibition against giving advance notice of any inspection and sanctions for any individual violating this prohibition;
+
+(11) by encouraging the States to assume the fullest responsibility for the administration and enforcement of their occupational safety and health laws by providing grants to the States to assist in identifying their needs and responsibilities in the area of occupational safety and health, to develop plans in accordance with the provisions of this chapter, to improve the administration and enforcement of State occupational safety and health laws, and to conduct experimental and demonstration projects in connection therewith;
+
+(12) by providing for appropriate reporting procedures with respect to occupational safety and health which procedures will help achieve the objectives of this chapter and accurately describe the nature of the occupational safety and health problem;
+
+(13) by encouraging joint labor-management efforts to reduce injuries and disease arising out of employment.
+
+(Pub. L. 91–596, § 2, Dec. 29, 1970, 84 Stat. 1590.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThis chapter, referred to in subsec. (b)(3), (11), and (12), was in the original “this Act”, meaning Pub. L. 91–596, Dec. 29, 1970, 84 Stat. 1590. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under this section and Tables.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective DatePub. L. 91–596, § 34, Dec. 29, 1970, 84 Stat. 1620, provided that: “This Act [enacting this chapter and section 3142–1 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, amending section 553 of this title, sections 5108, 5314, 5315, and 7902 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, sections 633 and 636 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, section 1114 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, and section 1421 of former Title 49, Transportation, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 1114 of Title 18] shall take effect one hundred and twenty days after the date of its enactment [Dec. 29, 1970].”
+
+Short Title of 1998 AmendmentPub. L. 105–197, § 1, July 16, 1998, 112 Stat. 638, provided that: “This Act [amending section 670 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Occupational Safety and Health Administration Compliance Assistance Authorization Act of 1998’.”
+
+Short TitlePub. L. 91–596, § 1, Dec. 29, 1970, 84 Stat. 1590, provided: “That this Act [enacting this chapter and section 3142–1 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, amending section 553 of this title, sections 5108, 5314, 5315, and 7902 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, sections 633 and 636 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, section 1114 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, and section 1421 of former Title 49, Transportation, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 1114 of Title 18] may be cited as the ‘Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970’.”
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 652"
+description: "Definitions"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "15"
+chapter_name: "OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH"
+section: "652"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 652"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s652"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 652 - Definitions
+
+## Text
+
+For the purposes of this chapter—
+
+(1) The term “Secretary” mean 11 So in original. Probably should be “means”. the Secretary of Labor.
+
+(2) The term “Commission” means the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission established under this chapter.
+
+(3) The term “commerce” means trade, traffic, commerce, transportation, or communication among the several States, or between a State and any place outside thereof, or within the District of Columbia, or a possession of the United States (other than the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands), or between points in the same State but through a point outside thereof.
+
+(4) The term “person” means one or more individuals, partnerships, associations, corporations, business trusts, legal representatives, or any organized group of persons.
+
+(5) The term “employer” means a person engaged in a business affecting commerce who has employees, but does not include the United States (not including the United States Postal Service) or any State or political subdivision of a State.
+
+(6) The term “employee” means an employee of an employer who is employed in a business of his employer which affects commerce.
+
+(7) The term “State” includes a State of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Guam, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.
+
+(8) The term “occupational safety and health standard” means a standard which requires conditions, or the adoption or use of one or more practices, means, methods, operations, or processes, reasonably necessary or appropriate to provide safe or healthful employment and places of employment.
+
+(9) The term “national consensus standard” means any occupational safety and health standard or modification thereof which (1),22 So in original. The comma probably should not appear. has been adopted and promulgated by a nationally recognized standards-producing organization under procedures whereby it can be determined by the Secretary that persons interested and affected by the scope or provisions of the standard have reached substantial agreement on its adoption, (2) was formulated in a manner which afforded an opportunity for diverse views to be considered and (3) has been designated as such a standard by the Secretary, after consultation with other appropriate Federal agencies.
+
+(10) The term “established Federal standard” means any operative occupational safety and health standard established by any agency of the United States and presently in effect, or contained in any Act of Congress in force on December 29, 1970.
+
+(11) The term “Committee” means the National Advisory Committee on Occupational Safety and Health established under this chapter.
+
+(12) The term “Director” means the Director of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
+
+(13) The term “Institute” means the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health established under this chapter.
+
+(14) The term “Workmen’s Compensation Commission” means the National Commission on State Workmen’s Compensation Laws established under this chapter.
+
+(Pub. L. 91–596, § 3, Dec. 29, 1970, 84 Stat. 1591; Pub. L. 105–241, § 2(a), Sept. 28, 1998, 112 Stat. 1572.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments1998—Par. (5). Pub. L. 105–241 inserted “(not including the United States Postal Service)” after “the United States”.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Termination of Advisory CommitteesAdvisory committees in existence on January 5, 1973, to terminate not later than the expiration of the 2-year period following January 5, 1973, unless, in the case of a committee established by the President or an officer of the Federal Government, such committee is renewed by appropriate action prior to the expiration of such 2-year period, or in the case of a committee established by the Congress, its duration is otherwise provided by law. See section 1013 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands For termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, see note set out preceding section 1681 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions.
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "29 U.S.C. § 653"
+description: "Geographic applicability; judicial enforcement; applicability to existing standards; report to Congress on duplication and coordination of Federal laws; workmen’s compensation law or common law or statutory rights, duties, or liabilities of employers and employees unaffected"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 29
+title_name: "LABOR"
+chapter_number: "15"
+chapter_name: "OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH"
+section: "653"
+citation: "29 U.S.C. § 653"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc29@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t29/s653"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-29/usc29.xml"
+source_hash: "4ac57bcca8fb5c0b9bdbf024c9647c8f57d89ff88b05fcb568683413439f3d33"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "123f65eaf0f6719b01d66f4a47cd03d5134b66fbd92ae96d7387b67454b98476"
+text_hash: "907104d0e4cc7033a792f7f4302d842f4b64fa2892d215cdc5e184f0416a541e"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 29 U.S.C. § 653 - Geographic applicability; judicial enforcement; applicability to existing standards; report to Congress on duplication and coordination of Federal laws; workmen’s compensation law or common law or statutory rights, duties, or liabilities of employers and employees unaffected
+
+## Text
+
+(a) This chapter shall apply with respect to employment performed in a workplace in a State, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Guam, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, Wake Island, Outer Continental Shelf lands defined in the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act [43 U.S.C. 1331 et seq.], Johnston Island, and the Canal Zone. The Secretary of the Interior shall, by regulation, provide for judicial enforcement of this chapter by the courts established for areas in which there are no United States district courts having jurisdiction.
+
+(b) (1) Nothing in this chapter shall apply to working conditions of employees with respect to which other Federal agencies, and State agencies acting under section 2021 of title 42, exercise statutory authority to prescribe or enforce standards or regulations affecting occupational safety or health.
+
+(2) The safety and health standards promulgated under the Act of June 30, 1936, commonly known as the Walsh-Healey Act,11 See References in Text note below. the Service Contract Act of 1965,1 Public Law 91–54, Act of August 9, 1969, Public Law 85–742, Act of August 23, 1958, and the National Foundation on Arts and Humanities Act [20 U.S.C. 951 et seq.] are superseded on the effective date of corresponding standards, promulgated under this chapter, which are determined by the Secretary to be more effective. Standards issued under the laws listed in this paragraph and in effect on or after the effective date of this chapter shall be deemed to be occupational safety and health standards issued under this chapter, as well as under such other Acts.
+
+(3) The Secretary shall, within three years after the effective date of this chapter, report to the Congress his recommendations for legislation to avoid unnecessary duplication and to achieve coordination between this chapter and other Federal laws.
+
+(4) Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to supersede or in any manner affect any workmen’s compensation law or to enlarge or diminish or affect in any other manner the common law or statutory rights, duties, or liabilities of employers and employees under any law with respect to injuries, diseases, or death of employees arising out of, or in the course of, employment.
+
+(Pub. L. 91–596, § 4, Dec. 29, 1970, 84 Stat. 1592.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThe Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act, referred to in subsec. (a), is act Aug. 7, 1953, ch. 345, 67 Stat. 462, which is classified generally to subchapter III (§ 1331 et seq.) of chapter 29 of Title 43, Public Lands. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1301 of Title 43 and Tables. For definition of Canal Zone, referred to in subsec. (a), see section 3602(b) of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. Act of June 30, 1936, commonly known as the Walsh-Healey Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(2), is act June 30, 1936, ch. 881, 49 Stat. 2036, which was classified principally to sections 35 to 45 of former Title 41, Public Contracts, and was substantially repealed and restated as chapter 65 (§ 6501 et seq.) of Title 41, Public Contracts, by Pub. L. 111–350, §§ 3, 7(b), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3677, 3855. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1936 Act note set out under section 101 of Title 41 and Tables. For disposition of sections of former Title 41, see Disposition Table preceding section 101 of Title 41. The Service Contract Act of 1965, referred to in subsec. (b)(2), was Pub. L. 89–286, Oct. 22, 1965, 79 Stat. 1034, which was classified generally to chapter 6 (§ 351 et seq.) of former Title 41, Public Contracts, and was repealed and restated as chapter 67 (§ 6701 et seq.) of Title 41, Public Contracts, by Pub. L. 111–350, §§ 3, 7(b), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3677, 3855. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables. For disposition of sections of former Title 41, see Disposition Table preceding section 101 of Title 41. Public Law 91–54, Act of August 9, 1969, referred to in subsec. (b)(2), is Pub. L. 91–54, Aug. 9, 1969, 83 Stat. 96, which amended sections 1 and 2 and added section 107 of Pub. L. 87–581, Aug. 13, 1962, 76 Stat. 357. Sections 1 and 2 of Pub. L. 87–581 were set out as notes under section 327, and section 107 of Pub. L. 87–581 was classified to section 333, of former Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works. Sections 1 and 2 of Pub. L. 87–581 were repealed, and section 107 of Pub. L. 87–581 was repealed and reenacted as sections 3704 and 3705 of Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works, by Pub. L. 107–217, §§ 1, 6(b), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1062, 1304. Public Law 85–742, Act of August 23, 1958, referred to in subsec. (b)(2), is Pub. L. 85–742, Aug. 23, 1958, 72 Stat. 835, which amended section 941 of Title 33, Navigation and Navigable Waters, and enacted provisions set out as a note under section 941 of Title 33. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables. The National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(2), is Pub. L. 89–209, Sept. 29, 1965, 79 Stat. 845, known as the National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities Act of 1965, which is classified principally to subchapter I (§ 951 et seq.) of chapter 26 of Title 20, Education. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 951 of Title 20 and Tables. The effective date of this chapter, referred to in subsec. (b)(2), (3), is the effective date of Pub. L. 91–596, which is 120 days after Dec. 29, 1970, see section 34 of Pub. L. 91–596, set out as an Effective Date note under section 651 of this title.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+EPA Administrator Not Exercising “Statutory Authority” Under This Section in Exercising Any Authority Under Toxic Substances Control ActIn exercising any authority under the Toxic Substances Control Act (15 U.S.C. 2601 et seq.) in connection with amendment made by section 15(a) of Pub. L. 101–637, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency not, for purposes of subsection (b)(1) of this section, to be considered to be exercising statutory authority to prescribe or enforce standards or regulations affecting occupational safety and health, see section 15(b) of Pub. L. 101–637, set out as a note under section 2646 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade.
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands For termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, see note set out preceding section 1681 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions.
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