Legal corpus: the complete U.S. Code (59,740 sections, all 53 titles)

Ingested titles 12–51 and 54 from OLRC USLM XML @119-100 (the whole Code
now, uniform edition; Title 53 is reserved/empty). LegalText 11,221 ->
59,740; repo total 105,704 records. Deterministic (byte-identical rerun,
verified on Title 42's 8,356 sections); make check green. make
legal-us-code default now covers every title.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
This commit is contained in:
Fabio
2026-07-06 10:51:44 -04:00
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---
type: "LegalText"
title: "38 U.S.C. § 3451"
description: "Purpose"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 38
title_name: "VETERANS BENEFITS"
chapter_number: "34"
chapter_name: "VETERANS EDUCATIONAL ASSISTANCE"
section: "3451"
citation: "38 U.S.C. § 3451"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
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---
# 38 U.S.C. § 3451 - Purpose
## Text
The Congress of the United States hereby declares that the education program created by this chapter is for the purpose of (1) enhancing and making more attractive service in the Armed Forces of the United States, (2) extending the benefits of a higher education to qualified and deserving young persons who might not otherwise be able to afford such an education, (3) providing vocational readjustment and restoring lost educational opportunities to those service men and women whose careers have been interrupted or impeded by reason of active duty after January 31, 1955, and (4) aiding such persons in attaining the vocational and educational status which they might normally have aspired to and obtained had they not served their country.
(Added Pub. L. 89358, § 2, Mar. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 12, § 1651; renumbered § 3451, Pub. L. 10283, § 5(a), Aug. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 406.)
## Notes
Editorial Notes
Prior ProvisionsProvisions similar to those comprising clauses (3) and (4) of this section were contained in Pub. L. 85857, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1175, which was classified to former section 1601(c) of this title, prior to repeal by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 89358.
Amendments1991—Pub. L. 10283 renumbered section 1651 of this title as this section.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective DatePub. L. 89358, § 12(a), Mar. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 28, provided that: “Except as otherwise specifically provided, the provisions of this Act [see Tables for classification] shall take effect on the date of its enactment [Mar. 3, 1966], but no educational assistance allowance shall be payable under chapter 34 of title 38, United States Code, as added by section 2 of this Act, for any period before June 1, 1966, nor for the month of June 1966, unless (1) the eligible veteran commenced the pursuit of the course of education on or after June 1, 1966, or (2) the pursuit of such course continued through June 30, 1966.”
Savings ProvisionPub. L. 89358, § 4(b), Mar. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 23, provided that: “Nothing in this Act or any amendment or repeal made by it [see Tables for classification], shall affect any right or liability (civil or criminal) which matured under chapter 33 of this title 38 before the date of enactment of this Act [Mar. 3, 1966]: and all offenses committed, and all penalties and forfeitures incurred, under any provision of law amended or repealed by this Act, may be punished or recovered, as the case may be, in the same manner and with the same effect as if such amendments or repeals had not been made.”
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type: "LegalText"
title: "38 U.S.C. § 3461"
description: "Eligibility; entitlement; duration"
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corpus: "united_states_code"
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title_number: 38
title_name: "VETERANS BENEFITS"
chapter_number: "34"
chapter_name: "VETERANS EDUCATIONAL ASSISTANCE"
section: "3461"
citation: "38 U.S.C. § 3461"
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---
# 38 U.S.C. § 3461 - Eligibility; entitlement; duration
## Text
(a) Entitlement.— Except as provided in subsection (c) and in the second sentence of this subsection, each eligible veteran shall be entitled to educational assistance under this chapter or chapter 36 for a period of one and one-half months (or the equivalent thereof in part-time educational assistance) for each month or fraction thereof of the veterans service on active duty after January 31, 1955. If an eligible veteran has served a period of 18 months or more on active duty after January 31, 1955, and has been released from such service under conditions that would satisfy the veterans active duty obligation, the veteran shall be entitled to educational assistance under this chapter for a period of 45 months (or the equivalent thereof in part-time educational assistance). In the case of any person serving on active duty on December 31, 1976, or a person whose eligibility is based on section 3452(a)(1)(B) of this chapter, the ending date for computing such persons entitlement shall be the date of such persons first discharge or release from active duty after December 31, 1976.
(b) Entitlement Limitations.— Whenever the period of entitlement under this section of an eligible veteran who is enrolled in an educational institution regularly operated on the quarter or semester system ends during a quarter or semester, such period shall be extended to the termination of such unexpired quarter or semester. In educational institutions not operated on the quarter or semester system, whenever the period of eligibility ends after a major portion of the course is completed such period shall be extended to the end of the course or for twelve weeks, whichever is the lesser period.
(c) Duration of Entitlement.— Except as provided in subsection (b) and in subchapter V of this chapter, no eligible veteran shall receive educational assistance under this chapter in excess of 45 months.
(Added Pub. L. 89358, § 2, Mar. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 13, § 1661; amended Pub. L. 9077, title III, § 306(b)(2), Aug. 31, 1967, 81 Stat. 188; Pub. L. 90631, § 1(b), Oct. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 1331; Pub. L. 91219, title II, § 204(a)(1), Mar. 26, 1970, 84 Stat. 79; Pub. L. 92540, title IV, § 401(1), Oct. 24, 1972, 86 Stat. 1089; Pub. L. 93508, title II, § 202, Dec. 3, 1974, 88 Stat. 1581; Pub. L. 94502, title II, §§ 203, 211(2), title IV, § 403(a), Oct. 15, 1976, 90 Stat. 2386, 2388, 2393; Pub. L. 96466, title VI, § 601(b), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2208; renumbered § 3461 and amended Pub. L. 10283, § 5(a), (c)(1), Aug. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 406; Pub. L. 109233, title V, § 503(8)(A), (B), June 15, 2006, 120 Stat. 416.)
## Notes
Editorial Notes
Prior ProvisionsProvisions similar to those comprising subsecs. (a) to (c) of this section were contained in Pub. L. 85857, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1176, which was classified to former sections 1610 and 1611(a), 1611(a)(2), (3), and 1611(b) of this title, respectively, prior to repeal by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 89358.
Amendments2006—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 109233, § 503(8)(A), revised style of headings. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109233, § 503(8)(B), inserted heading. 1991—Pub. L. 10283, § 5(a), renumbered section 1661 of this title as this section. Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 10283, § 5(c)(1), substituted “3452(a)(1)(B)” for “1652(a)(1)(B)”. 1980—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 96466 substituted “subchapter V of this chapter” for “subchapters V and VI of this chapter”. 1976—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94502, §§ 203(1), 211(2), 403(a), substituted “45 months” for “36 months”, “the veterans” for “his” in two places, and “the veteran” for “he”, inserted provision establishing the final date of entitlement for person serving on active duty on Dec. 31, 1976 or whose eligibility is based on section 1652(a)(1)(B) of this title as the date of discharge or release from active duty after Dec. 31, 1976, and struck out provision which authorized an additional number of months not exceeding nine to be used for a program leading to a standard undergraduate degree. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 94502, § 203(2), substituted “subsection (b)” for “subsections (a) and (b)” and “45 months” for “thirty-six months”. 1974—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93508, § 202(1), inserted “plus an additional number of months, not exceeding nine, as may be utilized in pursuit of a program of education leading to a standard undergraduate college degree”. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 93508, § 202(2), inserted reference to subsec. (a). 1972—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 92540 inserted reference to chapter 36. 1970—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 91219 substituted “subchapters V and VI of this chapter” for “section 1678 of this title”. 1968—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90631, § 1(b)(1), substituted references to subsec. (c) and the second sentence of this subsec. for reference to subsec. (b), increased from one month to one and one-half months the amount of educational assistance each eligible veteran shall receive for each month or fraction thereof of active duty service after Jan. 31, 1955, and inserted provisions that an eligible veteran who has served 18 months or more on active duty after Jan. 31, 1955, and has been released under conditions that would satisfy his active duty obligation, shall be entitled to educational assistance under this chapter for a period of 36 months. Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 90631, § 1(b)(2), (3), redesignated subsec. (c) as (b). Former subsec. (b), which set forth entitlement limitations on the amount of educational assistance an eligible veteran, shall receive under this chapter, was struck out. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 90631, § 1(b), (3), (4), added subsec. (c). Former subsec. (c) redesignated (b). Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 90631, § 1(b)(2), struck out subsec. (d) which required an eligible veteran to elect either educational assistance or vocational rehabilitation when such veteran is entitled to both, or becomes entitled to vocational rehabilitation after receiving educational assistance. 1967—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 9077 inserted “and in section 1678 of this chapter” after “subsection (c)”.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 1980 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 96466 effective Oct. 1, 1980, except as otherwise specifically provided, see section 802(f) of Pub. L. 96466, set out as an Effective Date note under section 5314 of this title.
Effective Date of 1976 AmendmentAmendment by sections 203 and 211(2) of Pub. L. 94502 effective Oct. 1, 1976, and Oct. 15, 1976, respectively, see section 703(a), (b) of Pub. L. 94502, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3693 of this title. Amendment by section 403(a) of Pub. L. 94502 effective Jan. 1, 1977, see section 406 of Pub. L. 94502, set out as a note under section 3201 of this title.
Effective Date of 1974 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 93508 effective Dec. 3, 1974, see section 503 of Pub. L. 93508, set out as a note under section 3452 of this title.
Effective Date of 1968 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 90631 effective first day of second calendar month which begins after Oct. 23, 1968, see section 6(a) of Pub. L. 90631, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3500 of this title.
Effective Date of 1967 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 9077 effective first day of first calendar month which begins more than ten days after Aug. 31, 1967, see section 405 of Pub. L. 9077, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.
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title_number: 38
title_name: "VETERANS BENEFITS"
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chapter_name: "VETERANS EDUCATIONAL ASSISTANCE"
section: "3463"
citation: "38 U.S.C. § 3463"
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---
# 38 U.S.C. § 3463 - Vacant]
## Notes
Editorial Notes
Codification Prior to renumbering of sections 1651 to 1693 of this chapter as sections 3451 to 3493 by Pub. L. 10283, § 5(a), Aug. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 406, section 1663 of this chapter, added Pub. L. 89358, § 2, Mar. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 15; and amended Pub. L. 94502, title II, § 211(4), Oct. 15, 1976, 90 Stat. 2388; Pub. L. 95202, title III, § 302(a), Nov. 23, 1977, 91 Stat. 1440; Pub. L. 99576, title III, § 312, Oct. 28, 1986, 100 Stat. 3273; Pub. L. 101237, title IV, § 423(b)(1)(A), Dec. 18, 1989, 103 Stat. 2092, which related to educational and vocational counseling, was repealed by Pub. L. 10216, § 2(b)(1)(A), Mar. 22, 1991, 105 Stat. 49.
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---
type: "LegalText"
title: "38 U.S.C. § 3470"
description: "Selection of program"
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title_number: 38
title_name: "VETERANS BENEFITS"
chapter_number: "34"
chapter_name: "VETERANS EDUCATIONAL ASSISTANCE"
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---
# 38 U.S.C. § 3470 - Selection of program
## Text
Subject to the provisions of this chapter, each eligible veteran may select a program of education to assist the veteran in attaining an educational, professional, or vocational objective at any educational institution (approved in accordance with chapter 36 of this title) selected by the veteran, which will accept and retain the veteran as a student or trainee in any field or branch of knowledge which such institution finds the veteran qualified to undertake or pursue.
(Added Pub. L. 89358, § 2, Mar. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 15, § 1670; amended Pub. L. 94502, title II, § 211(5), Oct. 15, 1976, 90 Stat. 2388; renumbered § 3470, Pub. L. 10283, § 5(a), Aug. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 406.)
## Notes
Editorial Notes
Prior ProvisionsProvisions similar to those comprising this section were contained in Pub. L. 85857, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1177, which was classified to section 1620 (first sentence) of this title, prior to repeal by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 89358.
Amendments1991—Pub. L. 10283 renumbered section 1670 of this title as this section. 1976—Pub. L. 94502 substituted “the veteran” for “him” wherever appearing.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 1976 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 94502 effective Oct. 15, 1976, see section 703(b) of Pub. L. 94502, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3693 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
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title_number: 38
title_name: "VETERANS BENEFITS"
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chapter_name: "VETERANS EDUCATIONAL ASSISTANCE"
section: "3471"
citation: "38 U.S.C. § 3471"
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---
# 38 U.S.C. § 3471 - Applications; approval
## Text
Any eligible veteran, or any person on active duty (after consultation with the appropriate service education officer), who desires to initiate a program of education under this chapter shall submit an application to the Secretary which shall be in such form, and contain such information, as the Secretary shall prescribe. The Secretary shall approve such application unless the Secretary finds that (1) such veteran or person is not eligible for or entitled to the educational assistance for which application is made, (2) the veterans or persons selected educational institution or training establishment fails to meet any requirement of this chapter or chapter 36 of this title, (3) the veterans or persons enrollment in, or pursuit of, the program of education selected would violate any provision of this chapter or chapter 36 of this title, or (4) the veteran or person is already qualified, by reason of previous education or training, for the educational, professional, or vocational objective for which the program of education is offered. The Secretary shall not treat a person as already qualified for the objective of a program of education offered by a qualified provider of entrepreneurship courses solely because such person is the owner or operator of a business. The Secretary shall notify the veteran or person of the approval or disapproval of the veterans or persons application.
(Added Pub. L. 89358, § 2, Mar. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 15, § 1671; amended Pub. L. 92540, title III, § 302, Oct. 24, 1972, 86 Stat. 1080; Pub. L. 94502, title II, § 211(6), Oct. 15, 1976, 90 Stat. 2388; Pub. L. 96466, title III, § 302, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2192; Pub. L. 101237, title IV, § 423(b)(1)(A), Dec. 18, 1989, 103 Stat. 2092; renumbered § 3471, Pub. L. 10283, § 5(a), Aug. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 406; Pub. L. 108183, title III, § 305(b), Dec. 16, 2003, 117 Stat. 2660.)
## Notes
Editorial Notes
Prior ProvisionsProvisions similar to those comprising this section were contained in Pub. L. 85857, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1177, which was classified to section 1621 of this title, prior to repeal by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 89358.
Amendments2003—Pub. L. 108183 inserted before last sentence “The Secretary shall not treat a person as already qualified for the objective of a program of education offered by a qualified provider of entrepreneurship courses solely because such person is the owner or operator of a business.” 1991—Pub. L. 10283 renumbered section 1671 of this title as this section. 1989—Pub. L. 101237 substituted “Secretary” for “Administrator” wherever appearing. 1980—Pub. L. 96466, among other changes, substituted reference to the veterans or persons selected educational institution or training establishment failing to meet any requirement of this chapter or chapter 36 of this title for reference to the veterans or persons program of education failing to meet any of the requirements of this chapter, inserted provision for disapproval of an application upon a finding that the veterans or persons enrollment in, or pursuit of, the program of education selected would violate this chapter or chapter 36 of this title, and substituted reference to the veteran or person being already qualified, by reason of previous education or training, for the educational, professional, or vocational objective for which the program of education is offered for reference simply to the veteran or person being already qualified. 1976—Pub. L. 94502 substituted “unless the Administrator finds” for “unless he finds”, “the veteran or person” for “he”, and “the veterans or persons” for “his” in two places. 1972—Pub. L. 92540 inserted provision authorizing any person on active duty, after consultation with the appropriate service education officer, to submit an application to the Administrator.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 2003 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 108183 applicable to courses approved by State approving agencies after Dec. 16, 2003, see section 305(f) of Pub. L. 108183, set out as a note under section 3452 of this title.
Effective Date of 1980 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 96466 effective Oct. 1, 1980, except as otherwise specifically provided, see section 802(c) of Pub. L. 96466, set out as a note under section 3452 of this title.
Effective Date of 1976 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 94502 effective Oct. 15, 1976, see section 703(b) of Pub. L. 94502, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3693 of this title.
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# 38 U.S.C. § 3472 - Vacant]
## Notes
Editorial Notes
Codification Prior to renumbering of sections 1651 to 1693 of this chapter as sections 3451 to 3493 by Pub. L. 10283, § 5(a), Aug. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 406, section 1672 of this chapter, added Pub. L. 89358, § 2, Mar. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 15, which related to change of program by veteran, was repealed by Pub. L. 92540, title IV, § 401(6), Oct. 24, 1972, 86 Stat. 1090.
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
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# 38 U.S.C. § 3473 - Repealed. Pub. L. 102568, title III, § 313(a)(3)(A), Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 4332]
## Notes
Section, added Pub. L. 89358, § 2, Mar. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 16, § 1673; amended Pub. L. 9077, title III, §§ 302(a), 303(a), Aug. 31, 1967, 81 Stat. 185; Pub. L. 91219, title II, § 202, Mar. 26, 1970, 84 Stat. 78; Pub. L. 92540, title IV, § 401(2), Oct. 24, 1972, 86 Stat. 1090; Pub. L. 93508, title II, § 203, Dec. 3, 1974, 88 Stat. 1582; Pub. L. 94502, title II, §§ 205, 211(7), Oct. 15, 1976, 90 Stat. 2387, 2388; Pub. L. 95202, title III, § 305(a)(2), Nov. 23, 1977, 91 Stat. 1443; Pub. L. 96466, title III, §§ 303305, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2192, 2193; Pub. L. 9735, title XX, § 2003(b)(2), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 782; Pub. L. 97295, § 4(40), Oct. 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 1308; Pub. L. 97306, title II, §§ 202(a), 203(a), Oct. 14, 1982, 96 Stat. 1433; Pub. L. 98525, title VII, § 703(b), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2564; Pub. L. 100689, title I, § 111(a)(9), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4172; Pub. L. 101237, title IV, § 423(b)(1), Dec. 18, 1989, 103 Stat. 2092; renumbered § 3473 and amended Pub. L. 10283, § 5(a), (c)(1), Aug. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 406, related to disapproval of enrollment in certain courses.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Savings ProvisionRepeal not applicable to any person receiving educational assistance for pursuit of an independent study program in which the person was enrolled on Oct. 29, 1992, for as long as such person is continuously thereafter so enrolled and meets requirements of eligibility for such assistance, see section 313(b) of Pub. L. 102568, set out as a note under section 16136 of Title 10, Armed Forces.
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# 38 U.S.C. § 3474 - Discontinuance for unsatisfactory conduct or progress
## Text
The Secretary shall discontinue the educational assistance allowance of an eligible veteran if, at any time, the Secretary finds that according to the regularly prescribed standards and practices of the educational institution, the veterans attendance, conduct, or progress is unsatisfactory. The Secretary may renew the payment of the educational assistance allowance only if the Secretary finds that—
(1) the veteran will be resuming enrollment at the same educational institution in the same program of education and the educational institution has both approved such veterans reenrollment and certified it to the Department of Veterans Affairs; or
(2) in the case of a proposed change of either educational institution or program of education by the veteran—
(A) the cause of the unsatisfactory attendance, conduct, or progress has been removed;
(B) the program proposed to be pursued is suitable to the veterans aptitudes, interests, and abilities; and
(C) if a proposed change of program is involved, the change meets the requirements for approval under section 3691 of this title.
(Added Pub. L. 89358, § 2, Mar. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 16, § 1674; amended Pub. L. 94502, title II, §§ 206, 211(8), Oct. 15, 1976, 90 Stat. 2387, 2388; Pub. L. 95202, title III, § 305(b)(1), Nov. 23, 1977, 91 Stat. 1443; Pub. L. 96466, title III, § 306, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2193; Pub. L. 101237, title IV, §§ 411(a), 412(b), 423(b)(1)(A), Dec. 18, 1989, 103 Stat. 2084, 2085, 2092; renumbered § 3474 and amended Pub. L. 10283, § 5(a), (c)(1), Aug. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 406.)
## Notes
Editorial Notes
Prior ProvisionsProvisions similar to those comprising the first sentence of this section were contained in Pub. L. 85857, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1178, which was classified to former section 1624 of this title, prior to repeal by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 89358.
Amendments1991—Pub. L. 10283, § 5(a), renumbered section 1674 of this title as this section. Par. (2)(C). Pub. L. 10283, § 5(c)(1), substituted “3691” for “1791”. 1989—Pub. L. 101237, § 423(b)(1)(A), substituted “Secretary” for “Administrator” wherever appearing. Pub. L. 101237, § 412(b), substituted “attendance, conduct,” for “conduct”. Pars. (1), (2). Pub. L. 101237, § 411(a), added pars. (1) and (2) and struck out former pars. (1) and (2) which read as follows: “(1) the cause of the unsatisfactory conduct or progress of the eligible veteran has been removed; and “(2) the program which the eligible veteran now proposes to pursue (whether the same or revised) is suitable to the veterans aptitudes, interests, and abilities.” 1980—Pub. L. 96466 struck out provisions relating to the conditions upon which a veterans progress would be considered unsatisfactory. 1977—Pub. L. 95202 inserted provisions authorizing the Administrator to determine the veterans progress to be satisfactory even though the veteran will graduate within a length of time exceeding the approved length if the additional length of time is reasonable in accordance with regulations. 1976—Pub. L. 94502, § 211(8), inserted provision specifying progress as unsatisfactory when the veteran will not be able to graduate within the approved length of the course. Pub. L. 94502, § 206, substituted “the veterans” for “his” in two places and “if the Administrator finds” for “if he finds”.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 1980 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 96466 effective Oct. 1, 1980, except as otherwise specifically provided, see section 802(c) of Pub. L. 96466, set out as a note under section 3452 of this title.
Effective Date of 1977 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 95202 effective first day of first month beginning 60 days after Nov. 23, 1977, see section 501 of Pub. L. 95202, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.
Effective Date of 1976 AmendmentAmendment by sections 206 and 211(8) of Pub. L. 94502 effective Dec. 1, 1976, and Oct. 15, 1976, respectively, see section 703(b), (c) of Pub. L. 94502, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3693 of this title.
Study of Methods To Improve Process Under Which Postsecondary Educational Institutions and Courses Are Approved; Report by September 30, 1979; Suspension of Implementation of 1976 AmendmentSection 305(b)(2)(4) of Pub. L. 95202, as amended by Pub. L. 96466, title VIII, § 801(m)(2), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2217, directed Administrator of Veterans Affairs to study specific methods for improving process by which postsecondary educational institutions and courses at such institutions are approved for purposes of chapters 32, 34, 35, and 36 of this title, and need for legislative and administrative action regarding discontinuing educational assistance allowances to eligible veterans whose conduct or progress is unsatisfactory, required submission of a report on the study to President and Congress not later than Sept. 30, 1979, and directed Administrator to suspend implementation of certain amendments by Pub. L. 94502 until submission of report.
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# 38 U.S.C. § 3475 - Vacant]
## Notes
Editorial Notes
Codification Prior to renumbering of sections 1651 to 1693 of this chapter as sections 3451 to 3493 by Pub. L. 10283, § 5(a), Aug. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 406, section 1675 of this chapter, added Pub. L. 89358, § 2, Mar. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 16, which related to period of operation for approval by Administrator, was repealed by Pub. L. 92540, title IV, § 401(6), Oct. 24, 1972, 86 Stat. 1090.
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# 38 U.S.C. § 3476 - Education outside the United States
## Text
An eligible veteran may not enroll in any course offered by an educational institution not located in a State unless that educational institution is an approved institution of higher learning and the course is approved by the Secretary. The Secretary may deny or discontinue educational assistance under this chapter in the case of any veteran enrolled in an institution of higher learning not located in a State if the Secretary determines that such enrollment is not in the best interest of the veteran or the Federal Government.
(Added Pub. L. 89358, § 2, Mar. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 17, § 1676; amended Pub. L. 94502, title II, § 211(9), Oct. 15, 1976, 90 Stat. 2389; Pub. L. 96466, title III, § 307(b), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2193; Pub. L. 101237, title IV, § 423(b)(1)(A), Dec. 18, 1989, 103 Stat. 2092; renumbered § 3476, Pub. L. 10283, § 5(a), Aug. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 406; Pub. L. 103446, title VI, § 604(a), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4671.)
## Notes
Editorial Notes
Prior ProvisionsProvisions similar to those comprising this section were contained in Pub. L. 85857, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1177, which was classified to former section 1620 (second and third sentences) of this title, prior to repeal by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 89358.
Amendments1994—Pub. L. 103446 amended first sentence generally. Prior to amendment, first sentence read as follows: “An eligible veteran may not enroll in any course at an educational institution not located in a State unless such course is pursued at an approved institution of higher learning and the course is approved by the Secretary.” 1991—Pub. L. 10283 renumbered section 1676 of this title as this section. 1989—Pub. L. 101237 substituted “Secretary” for “Administrator” wherever appearing. 1980—Pub. L. 96466, among other changes, substituted reference to an eligible veteran not enrolling in any course for reference to an eligible veteran not pursuing a program of education, inserted provision that the course be approved by the Administrator, and substituted reference to any veteran enrolled in an institution of higher learning not located in a State for reference to any veteran in a foreign educational institution. 1976—Pub. L. 94502 substituted “the Administrators” for “his” and “if the Administrator finds” for “if he finds”.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 1994 AmendmentPub. L. 103446, title VI, § 604(b), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4671, provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to courses approved on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 2, 1994].”
Effective Date of 1980 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 96466 effective Oct. 1, 1980, except as otherwise specifically provided, see section 802(c) of Pub. L. 96466, set out as a note under section 3452 of this title.
Effective Date of 1976 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 94502 effective Oct. 15, 1976, see section 703(b) of Pub. L. 94502, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3693 of this title.
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# 38 U.S.C. § 3481 - Educational assistance allowance
## Text
(a) General.— The Secretary shall, in accordance with the applicable provisions of this section and chapter 36 of this title, pay to each eligible veteran who is pursuing a program of education under this chapter an educational assistance allowance to meet, in part, the expenses of the veterans subsistence, tuition, fees, supplies, books, equipment, and other educational costs.
(b) Institutional Training.— The educational assistance allowance of an eligible veteran pursuing a program of education, other than a program exclusively by correspondence, at an educational institution shall be paid as provided in chapter 36 of this title.
(Added Pub. L. 89358, § 2, Mar. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 17, § 1681; amended Pub. L. 91219, title II, § 205, Mar. 26, 1970, 84 Stat. 81; Pub. L. 91584, § 6, Dec. 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 1576; Pub. L. 92540, title II, § 202, Oct. 24, 1972, 86 Stat. 1079; Pub. L. 94502, title II, §§ 210(2), 211(10), Oct. 15, 1976, 90 Stat. 2388, 2389; Pub. L. 9735, title XX, § 2003(b)(4), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 782; Pub. L. 101237, title IV, § 423(b)(1)(A), Dec. 18, 1989, 103 Stat. 2092; renumbered § 3481, Pub. L. 10283, § 5(a), Aug. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 406; Pub. L. 109233, title V, § 503(8)(A), June 15, 2006, 120 Stat. 416.)
## Notes
Editorial Notes
Prior ProvisionsProvisions similar to those comprising subsecs. (a), (b), (d), and (e) of this section were contained in Pub. L. 85857, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1179, which was classified to former section 1631 of this title, prior to repeal by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 89358.
Amendments2006—Pub. L. 109233 revised style of subsec. headings. 1991—Pub. L. 10283 renumbered section 1681 of this title as this section. 1989—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101237 substituted “Secretary” for “Administrator”. 1981—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 9735, § 2003(b)(4)(A), struck out applicability to flight training program. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 9735, § 2003(b)(4)(B), struck out subsec. (c) which related to flight training. 1976—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94502, §§ 210(2), 211(10), substituted “chapter 36” for “section 1780” and “the veterans” for “his”. Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 94502, § 210(2), substituted “chapter 36” for “section 1780”. 1972—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 92540 inserted heading and provisions requiring allowances to be paid in accordance with the applicable provisions of this section and section 1780 of this title. Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 92540 inserted heading and substituted provisions requiring allowances of an eligible veteran pursuing a program of education, other than a program exclusively by correspondence or a program of flight training, at an educational institution to be paid as provided in section 1780 of this title, for provisions requiring allowances of an eligible veteran to be paid, as provided in section 1682 of this title, only for the period of his enrollment as approved by the Administrator, but limiting such payments to veterans meeting certain specified requirements while pursuing standard college degrees. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 92540 inserted heading and substituted provisions relating to the payment of allowances to eligible veterans pursuing a program of education consisting exclusively of flight training, for provisions authorizing the Administrator to prescribe regulations to determine enrollment in, pursuit of, and attendance at, any program of education or course by an eligible veteran. Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 92540 struck out subsec. (d) which related to certification to the Administrator from the eligible veteran as to his actual attendance or completion of lessons by correspondence, and from the educational institution that such veteran was enrolled in and pursuing a course of education during such period or completion of lessons by correspondence by the veteran and serviced by the institution. Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 92540 struck out subsec. (e) which related to the prompt payment of the educational assistance allowance to the veteran. 1970—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 91584 excluded programs of apprenticeship and programs of other on-job training authorized by section 1683 of this title for educational assistance to veterans. Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 91219 inserted provision that the Administrator may pay an educational assistance allowance representing the initial payment of an enrollment period, not exceeding one full month, upon receipt of a certificate of enrollment.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 1981 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 9735 effective Oct. 1, 1981, except as otherwise provided, see section 2006 of Pub. L. 9735, set out as a note under section 3231 of this title.
Effective Date of 1976 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 94502 effective Oct. 15, 1976, see section 703(b) of Pub. L. 94502, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3693 of this title.
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# 38 U.S.C. § 3482A - Vacant]
## Notes
Editorial Notes
Codification Prior to renumbering of sections 1651 to 1693 of this chapter as sections 3451 to 3493 by Pub. L. 10283, § 5(a), Aug. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 406, section 1682A of this chapter, added Pub. L. 95202, title II, § 201(a), Nov. 23, 1977, 91 Stat. 1436; amended Pub. L. 97295, § 4(41), Oct. 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 1308, which related to accelerated payment of educational assistance allowances, was repealed by Pub. L. 100689, title I, § 124(a), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4174.
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# 38 U.S.C. § 3483 - Approval of courses
## Text
An eligible veteran shall receive the benefits of this chapter while enrolled in a course of education offered by an educational institution only if such course is approved in accordance with the provisions of subchapter I 11 See References in Text note below. of chapter 36 of this title.
(Added Pub. L. 89358, § 2, Mar. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 19, § 1685; renumbered § 1686, Pub. L. 9077, title III, § 304(a), Aug. 31, 1967, 81 Stat. 186; renumbered § 1683, Pub. L. 92540, title IV, § 401(7), Oct. 24, 1972, 86 Stat. 1090; renumbered § 3483, Pub. L. 10283, § 5(a), Aug. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 406.)
## Notes
Editorial Notes
References in TextSubchapter I of chapter 36 of this title, referred to in text, was redesignated subchapter II (§ 3670 et seq.) of chapter 36 of this title by Pub. L. 117333, § 2(a)(1), Jan. 5, 2023, 136 Stat. 6122.
Amendments1991—Pub. L. 10283 renumbered section 1683 of this title as this section.
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# 38 U.S.C. § 3484 - Apprenticeship or other on-job training; correspondence courses
## Text
Any eligible veteran may pursue a program of apprenticeship or other on-job training or a program of education exclusively by correspondence and be paid an educational assistance allowance or training assistance allowance, as applicable, under the provisions of section 3687 or 3686 of this title.
(Added Pub. L. 92540, title III, § 304, Oct. 24, 1972, 86 Stat. 1081, § 1684; renumbered § 3484 and amended Pub. L. 10283, § 5(a), (c)(1), Aug. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 406.)
## Notes
Editorial Notes
Amendments1991—Pub. L. 10283 renumbered section 1684 of this title as this section and substituted “3687 or 3686” for “1787 or 1786”.
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# 38 U.S.C. § 3490 - Purpose
## Text
It is the purpose of this subchapter (1) to encourage and assist veterans who have academic deficiencies to attain a high school education or its equivalent and to qualify for and pursue courses of higher education, (2) to assist eligible veterans to pursue postsecondary education through tutorial assistance where required, and (3) to encourage educational institutions to develop programs which provide special tutorial, remedial, preparatory, or other educational or supplementary assistance to such veterans.
(Added Pub. L. 91219, title II, § 204(a)(4), Mar. 26, 1970, 84 Stat. 79, § 1690; renumbered § 3490, Pub. L. 10283, § 5(a), Aug. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 406.)
## Notes
Editorial Notes
Amendments1991—Pub. L. 10283 renumbered section 1690 of this title as this section.
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
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# 38 U.S.C. § 3491 - Elementary and secondary education and preparatory educational assistance
## Text
(a) In the case of any eligible veteran who—
(1) has not received a secondary school diploma (or an equivalency certificate), or
(2) is not on active duty and who, in order to pursue a program of education for which the veteran would otherwise be eligible, needs refresher courses, deficiency courses, or other preparatory or special educational assistance to qualify for admission to an appropriate educational institution,
the Secretary may, without regard to so much of the provisions of section 3471 of this title as prohibit the enrollment of an eligible veteran in a program of education in which the veteran is “already qualified”, approve the enrollment of such veteran in an appropriate course or courses or other special educational assistance program.
(b) (1) The Secretary shall pay to an eligible veteran pursuing a course or courses or program pursuant to subsection (a)(2) of this section, an educational assistance allowance as provided in sections 3481 and 3482(a) or (b) of this title.
(2) The Secretary shall pay to an eligible veteran described in subsection (a)(1) of this section who is pursuing a course or courses or program under this subchapter for the purpose of attaining a secondary school diploma (or an equivalency certificate) an educational assistance allowance (A) at the rate of established charges for tuition and fees required of similarly circumstanced nonveterans enrolled in the same course, courses, or program, or (B) at the institutional full-time rate provided in section 3482(a) of this title, whichever is the lesser.
(c) The provisions of section 3473(d)(1) 11 See References in Text note below. of this title, relating to the disapproval of enrollment in certain courses, shall be applicable to the enrollment of an eligible veteran who, while serving on active duty, enrolls in one or more courses under this subchapter for the purpose of attaining a secondary school diploma (or an equivalency certificate).
(Added Pub. L. 91219, title II, § 204(a)(4), Mar. 26, 1970, 84 Stat. 79, § 1691; amended Pub. L. 92540, title III, § 305, Oct. 24, 1972, 86 Stat. 1081; Pub. L. 94502, title II, § 211(12), Oct. 15, 1976, 90 Stat. 2389; Pub. L. 96466, title III, § 311, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2194; Pub. L. 97295, § 4(43), Oct. 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 1308; Pub. L. 97306, title II, § 203(b), Oct. 14, 1982, 96 Stat. 1434; Pub. L. 101237, title IV, § 423(b)(1)(A), Dec. 18, 1989, 103 Stat. 2092; renumbered § 3491 and amended Pub. L. 10283, § 5(a), (c)(1), Aug. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 406.)
## Notes
Editorial Notes
References in TextSection 3473(d)(1) of this title, referred to in subsec. (c), was repealed by Pub. L. 102568, title III, § 313(a)(3)(A), Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 4332.
Amendments1991—Pub. L. 10283, § 5(a), renumbered section 1691 of this title as this section. Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 10283, § 5(c)(1), substituted “3471” for “1671” in concluding provisions. Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 10283, § 5(c)(1), substituted “3481 and 3482(a)” for “1681 and 1682(a)” in par. (1) and “3482(a)” for “1682(a)” in par. (2). Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 10283, § 5(c)(1), substituted “3473(d)(1)” for “1673(d)(1)”. 1989—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 101237 substituted “Secretary” for “Administrator” wherever appearing. 1982—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97295, § 4(43)(A), inserted “of this title” after “section 1671”. Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 97295, § 4(43)(B), inserted “of this title” after “section 1682(a)”. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 97306 substituted “section 1673(d)(1)” for “section 1673(d)”. 1980—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96466, § 311(1), in provisions preceding par. (1) struck out “not on active duty” after “eligible veteran”, in par. (1) struck out “at the time of the veterans discharge or release from active duty” after “(or an equivalency certificate)”, and in par. (2) inserted “is not on active duty and who,” before “in order to pursue”. Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96466, § 311(2), designated existing provisions as par. (1), substituted reference to subsec. (a)(2) of this section for reference to subsec. (a) of this section, and added par. (2). Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 96466, § 311(3), added subsec. (c). 1976—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94502 substituted “the veterans” for “his” and “the veteran” for “he” wherever appearing. 1972—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 92540 struck out provision relating to the approval in excess of half-time training as defined pursuant to section 1684 of this title of enrollment in adult evening secondary school courses.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 1980 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 96466 effective Oct. 1, 1980, except that subsec. (b)(2) of this section, as added by section 311(2)(C) of Pub. L. 96466, not applicable to any person receiving educational assistance under this chapter on Oct. 1, 1980, for the pursuit of a program of education in which such person is enrolled on that date, for as long as such person continuously thereafter is so enrolled and meets the requirements of eligibility for such assistance for pursuit of such program, see section 802(c) of Pub. L. 96466, set out as a note under section 3452 of this title.
Effective Date of 1976 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 94502 effective Oct. 15, 1976, see section 703(b) of Pub. L. 94502, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3693 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
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# 38 U.S.C. § 3492 - Tutorial assistance
## Text
(a) In the case of any eligible veteran who—
(1) is enrolled in and pursuing a postsecondary course of education on a half-time or more basis at an educational institution; and
(2) has a deficiency in a subject required as a part of, or which is prerequisite to, or which is indispensable to the satisfactory pursuit of, an approved program of education,
the Secretary may approve individualized tutorial assistance for such veteran if such assistance is necessary for the veteran to complete such program successfully.
(b) The Secretary shall pay to an eligible veteran receiving tutorial assistance pursuant to subsection (a) of this section, in addition to the educational assistance allowance provided in section 3482 of this title, the cost of such tutorial assistance in an amount not to exceed $100 per month, for a maximum of twelve months, or until a maximum of $1,200 is utilized, upon certification by the educational institution that—
(1) the individualized tutorial assistance is essential to correct a deficiency of the eligible veteran in a subject required as a part of, or which is prerequisite to, or which is indispensable to the satisfactory pursuit of, an approved program of education;
(2) the tutor chosen to perform such assistance is qualified and is not the eligible veterans parent, spouse, child (whether or not married or over eighteen years of age), brother, or sister; and
(3) the charges for such assistance do not exceed the customary charges for such tutorial assistance.
(Added Pub. L. 91219, title II, § 204(a)(4), Mar. 26, 1970, 84 Stat. 80, § 1692; amended Pub. L. 92540, title III, § 306, Oct. 24, 1972, 86 Stat. 1081; Pub. L. 93508, title II, § 206, Dec. 3, 1974, 88 Stat. 1583; Pub. L. 94502, title II, § 209, Oct. 15, 1976, 90 Stat. 2388; Pub. L. 95202, title I, § 102(5), Nov. 23, 1977, 91 Stat. 1434; Pub. L. 96466, title II, §§ 201(5), 211(5), title III, § 312, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2188, 2190, 2195; Pub. L. 98543, title II, § 202(4), Oct. 24, 1984, 98 Stat. 2742; Pub. L. 100689, title I, § 107(c)(1), (2)(A), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4169; Pub. L. 101237, title IV, § 423(b)(1)(A), Dec. 18, 1989, 103 Stat. 2092; renumbered § 3492 and amended Pub. L. 10283, § 5(a), (c)(1), Aug. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 406.)
## Notes
Editorial Notes
Amendments1991—Pub. L. 10283, § 5(a), renumbered section 1692 of this title as this section. Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 10283, § 5(c)(1), substituted “3482” for “1682”. 1989—Pub. L. 101237 substituted “Secretary” for “Administrator” wherever appearing. 1988—Pub. L. 100689, § 107(c)(2)(A), substituted “Tutorial assistance” for “Special supplementary assistance” in section catchline. Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 100689, § 107(c)(1), substituted “$100” and “$1,200” for “$84” and “$1,008”, respectively. 1984—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98543 substituted “$84” and “$1,008” for “$76” and “$911”, respectively. 1980—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96466, § 211(5), substituted “$76” and “$911” for “$72” and “$869”, respectively. Pub. L. 96466, § 201(5), substituted “$72” and “$869” for “$69” and “$828”, respectively. Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 96466, § 312, inserted “and is not the eligible veterans parent, spouse, child (whether or not married or over eighteen years of age), brother, or sister” after “is qualified”. 1977—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95202 substituted “$69” and “$828” for “$65” and “$780”, respectively. 1976—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 94502 substituted “$65” for “$60” and “$780” for “$720”, respectively. 1974—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 93508 substituted “$60 per month, for a maximum of twelve months, or until a maximum of $720” for “$50 per month, for a maximum of nine months, or until a maximum of $450”. 1972—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 92540, § 306(1), struck out “marked” before “deficiency”. Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 92540, § 306(2), inserted “or until a maximum of $450 is utilized,” after “nine months”. Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 92540, § 306(1), struck out “marked” before “deficiency”.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 1984 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 98543 effective Oct. 1, 1984, see section 205 of Pub. L. 98543, set out as a note under section 3108 of this title.
Effective Date of 1980 AmendmentAmendment by sections 201(5) and 211(5) of Pub. L. 96466 effective Oct. 1, 1980, and Jan. 1, 1981, respectively, see section 802(b) of Pub. L. 96466, set out as a note under section 3482 of this title. Amendment by section 312 of Pub. L. 96466 effective Oct. 1, 1980, except as otherwise specifically provided, see section 802(c) of Pub. L. 96466, set out as a note under section 3452 of this title.
Effective Date of 1977 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 95202 effective retroactively to Oct. 1, 1977, see section 501 of Pub. L. 95202, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.
Effective Date of 1976 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 94502 effective Oct. 1, 1976, see section 703(a) of Pub. L. 94502, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3693 of this title.
Effective Date of 1974 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 93508 effective Dec. 3, 1974, see section 503 of Pub. L. 93508, set out as a note under section 3452 of this title.
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# 38 U.S.C. § 3493 - Effect on educational entitlement
## Text
The educational assistance allowance or cost of individualized tutorial assistance authorized by this subchapter shall be paid without charge to any period of entitlement the veteran may have earned pursuant to section 3461(a) of this title.
(Added Pub. L. 91219, title II, § 204(a)(4), Mar. 26, 1970, 84 Stat. 80, § 1693; renumbered § 3493 and amended Pub. L. 10283, § 5(a), (c)(1), Aug. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 406.)
## Notes
Editorial Notes
Amendments1991—Pub. L. 10283 renumbered section 1693 of this title as this section and substituted “3461(a)” for “1661(a)”.
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
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# 38 U.S.C. § 3495 to 3498 - Vacant]
## Notes
Editorial Notes
Codification Prior to renumbering of sections 1651 to 1693 of this chapter as sections 3451 to 3493 by Pub. L. 10283, § 5(a), Aug. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 406, sections 1695 to 1698 of this chapter, which comprised former subchapter VI of this chapter, were repealed by Pub. L. 96466, title VI, § 601(a)(1), title VIII, § 802(f), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2208, 2218, effective Oct. 1, 1980. Section 1695, added Pub. L. 91219, title II, § 204(a)(4), Mar. 26, 1970, 84 Stat. 80, set forth purpose of former subchapter VI relating to a predischarge education program and defined “eligible person” for purposes of such subchapter. Section 1696, added Pub. L. 91219, title II, § 204(a)(4), Mar. 26, 1970, 84 Stat. 80; amended Pub. L. 92540, title I, § 102(5), title III, § 307, Oct. 24, 1972, 86 Stat. 1075, 1081; Pub. L. 93508, title I, § 102(5), Dec. 3, 1974, 88 Stat. 1580; Pub. L. 93602, title II, § 203(c), Jan. 2, 1975, 88 Stat. 1958; Pub. L. 94502, title II, §§ 201(4), 210(5), 211(13), Oct. 15, 1976, 90 Stat. 2385, 2388, 2389; Pub. L. 95202, title I, § 102(6), Nov. 23, 1977, 91 Stat. 1434, related to payment of an educational assistance allowance. Section 1697, added Pub. L. 91219, title II, § 204(a)(4), Mar. 26, 1970, 84 Stat. 81, related to educational and vocational guidance. Section 1698, added Pub. L. 92540, title III, § 308, Oct. 24, 1972, 86 Stat. 1082, § 1697A; renumbered § 1698 and amended Pub. L. 94502, title II, §§ 210(3), 211(14), Oct. 15, 1976, 90 Stat. 2388, 2389; Pub. L. 95202, title III, § 302(b), Nov. 23, 1977, 91 Stat. 1441, related to coordination with and participation by Department of Defense in carrying out functions and duties of Department of Defense under predischarge education program.