Influence-Tools/republic-os
1
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull Requests Actions Packages Projects Releases Wiki Activity

Legal corpus: the complete U.S. Code (59,740 sections, all 53 titles)

Browse Source 
Ingested titles 12–51 and 54 from OLRC USLM XML @119-100 (the whole Code
now, uniform edition; Title 53 is reserved/empty). LegalText 11,221 ->
59,740; repo total 105,704 records. Deterministic (byte-identical rerun,
verified on Title 42's 8,356 sections); make check green. make
legal-us-code default now covers every title.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
This commit is contained in:
Fabio
2026-07-06 10:51:44 -04:00
parent 511d65f9a0
commit 76b8ec33a7
48603 changed files with 3677193 additions and 4 deletions
Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files
legal/us/code/title-39/chapter-4/section-401.md
+71
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
---
type: "LegalText"
title: "39 U.S.C. § 401"
description: "General powers of the Postal Service"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 39
title_name: "POSTAL SERVICE"
chapter_number: "4"
chapter_name: "GENERAL AUTHORITY"
section: "401"
citation: "39 U.S.C. § 401"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc39@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t39/s401"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-39/usc39.xml"
source_hash: "c9a1ca383d18a7421e52d38fbada8c649b23764a6d451a9261aa264f1c5fddfc"
raw_snapshot_hash: "ccea35969be78d053165f1170bf2aa826a68e5b4dea1fe3356d8a09e86e19a65"
text_hash: "8e7191be00815208a62018b0beecb45b92e4eb9f36cc6f5fee76f030779293a6"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 39 U.S.C. § 401 - General powers of the Postal Service
## Text
Subject to the provisions of section 404a, the Postal Service shall have the following general powers:
(1) to sue and be sued in its official name;
(2) to adopt, amend, and repeal such rules and regulations, not inconsistent with this title, as may be necessary in the execution of its functions under this title and such other functions as may be assigned to the Postal Service under any provisions of law outside of this title;
(3) to enter into and perform contracts, execute instruments, and determine the character of, and necessity for, its expenditures;
(4) to determine and keep its own system of accounts and the forms and contents of its contracts and other business documents, except as otherwise provided in this title;
(5) to acquire, in any lawful manner, such personal or real property, or any interest therein, as it deems necessary or convenient in the transaction of its business; to hold, maintain, sell, lease, or otherwise dispose of such property or any interest therein; and to provide services in connection therewith and charges therefor;
(6) to construct, operate, lease, and maintain buildings, facilities, equipment, and other improvements on any property owned or controlled by it, including, without limitation, any property or interest therein transferred to it under section 2002 of this title;
(7) to accept gifts or donations of services or property, real or personal, as it deems, necessary or convenient in the transaction of its business;
(8) to settle and compromise claims by or against it;
(9) to exercise, in the name of the United States, the right of eminent domain for the furtherance of its official purposes; and to have the priority of the United States with respect to the payment of debts out of bankrupt, insolvent, and decedents’ estates; and
(10) to have all other powers incidental, necessary, or appropriate to the carrying on of its functions or the exercise of its specific powers.
(Pub. L. 91–375, Aug. 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 722; Pub. L. 109–435, title IV, § 403(b)(1), title V, § 504, Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 3227, 3235.)
## Notes
Editorial Notes
Amendments2006—Pub. L. 109–435, § 403(b)(1), substituted “Subject to the provisions of section 404a, the” for “The” in introductory provisions. Par. (2). Pub. L. 109–435, § 504, amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: “to adopt, amend, and repeal such rules and regulations as it deems necessary to accomplish the objectives of this title;”.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective DatePars. (1) and (3) to (10) effective July 1, 1971, pursuant to Resolution No. 71–9 of the Board of Governors and par. (2) effective Aug. 12, 1970. See section 15(a) of Pub. L. 91–375, set out as a note preceding section 101 of this title.
Executive Documents
Emergency Preparedness Functions For assignment of certain emergency preparedness functions to the Postmaster General, see Parts 1, 2, and 26 of Ex. Ord. No. 12656, Nov. 18, 1988, 53 F.R. 47491, set out as a note under section 5195 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.
Executive Order No. 13975 Ex. Ord. No. 13975, Jan. 14, 2021, 86 F.R. 6547, which encouraged Buy American policies for the United States Postal Service, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 14005, § 14(a), Jan. 25, 2021, 86 F.R. 7478, set out as a note under section 8301 of Title 41, Public Contracts.
legal/us/code/title-39/chapter-4/section-402.md
+41
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
---
type: "LegalText"
title: "39 U.S.C. § 402"
description: "Delegation of authority"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 39
title_name: "POSTAL SERVICE"
chapter_number: "4"
chapter_name: "GENERAL AUTHORITY"
section: "402"
citation: "39 U.S.C. § 402"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc39@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t39/s402"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-39/usc39.xml"
source_hash: "b224a186c8f750b774a3f2a453477b39508bb2fb33bf4a236fedf2a649ec2344"
raw_snapshot_hash: "ccea35969be78d053165f1170bf2aa826a68e5b4dea1fe3356d8a09e86e19a65"
text_hash: "983f99290278690dd295aa5f058414b809370f0106587bd9021214e532bc43e4"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 39 U.S.C. § 402 - Delegation of authority
## Text
Except for those powers, duties, or obligations specifically vested in the Governors, as distinguished from the Board of Governors, the Board may delegate the authority vested in it to the Postmaster General under such terms, conditions, and limitations, including the power of redelegation, as it deems desirable. The Board may establish such committees of the Board, and delegate such powers to any committee, as the Board determines appropriate to carry out its functions and duties. Delegations to the Postmaster General or committees shall be consistent with other provisions of this title, shall not relieve the Board of full responsibility for the carrying out of its duties and functions, and shall be revocable by the Governors in their exclusive judgment.
(Pub. L. 91–375, Aug. 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 723.)
## Notes
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective DateSection effective Jan. 16, 1971, pursuant to Resolution No. 71–5 of the Board of Governors. See section 15(a) of Pub. L. 91–375, set out as a note preceding section 101 of this title.
legal/us/code/title-39/chapter-4/section-403.md
+61
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
---
type: "LegalText"
title: "39 U.S.C. § 403"
description: "General duties"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 39
title_name: "POSTAL SERVICE"
chapter_number: "4"
chapter_name: "GENERAL AUTHORITY"
section: "403"
citation: "39 U.S.C. § 403"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc39@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t39/s403"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-39/usc39.xml"
source_hash: "c038d64df143b71a5b2990807006f3c9187e9f06c17ad8b0511cff9fb9449d67"
raw_snapshot_hash: "ccea35969be78d053165f1170bf2aa826a68e5b4dea1fe3356d8a09e86e19a65"
text_hash: "9a730234b6a9d50cc4ef37cf9a808795efc1f41d0f2d6070667ecc58163d8a1c"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 39 U.S.C. § 403 - General duties
## Text
(a) The Postal Service shall plan, develop, promote, and provide adequate and efficient postal services at fair and reasonable rates and fees. The Postal Service shall receive, transmit, and deliver throughout the United States, its territories and possessions, and, pursuant to arrangements entered into under sections 406 and 411 of this title, throughout the world, written and printed matter, parcels, and like materials and provide such other services incidental thereto as it finds appropriate to its functions and in the public interest. The Postal Service shall serve as nearly as practicable the entire population of the United States.
(b) It shall be the responsibility of the Postal Service—
(1) to maintain an efficient system of collection, sorting, and delivery of the mail nationwide;
(2) to provide types of mail service to meet the needs of different categories of mail and mail users; and
(3) to establish and maintain postal facilities of such character and in such locations, that postal patrons throughout the Nation will, consistent with reasonable economies of postal operations, have ready access to essential postal services.
(c) In providing services and in establishing classifications, rates, and fees under this title, the Postal Service shall not, except as specifically authorized in this title, make any undue or unreasonable discrimination among users of the mails, nor shall it grant any undue or unreasonable preferences to any such user.
(Pub. L. 91–375, Aug. 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 723; Pub. L. 96–70, title I, § 1331(e)(1), Sept. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 482.)
## Notes
Editorial Notes
Amendments1979—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96–70 substituted “The Postal Service” for “Except as provided in the Canal Zone Code, the Postal Service”.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 1979 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 96–70 effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 3304 of Pub. L. 96–70, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3601 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.
Effective DateSection effective Jan. 20, 1971, pursuant to Resolution No. 71–10 of the Board of Governors. See section 15(a) of Pub. L. 91–375, set out as a note preceding section 101 of this title.
Continuation of Mail Delivery ServicesProvisions requiring continuation of six-day delivery and rural delivery of mail at not less than the 1983 level were contained in the Transportation, Treasury, Housing and Urban Development, the Judiciary, and Independent Agencies Appropriations Act, 2006, Pub. L. 109–115, div. A, title VI, Nov. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2490, and were repeated in provisions of subsequent appropriations acts which are not set out in the Code. Similar provisions were also contained in the following prior appropriations acts: Pub. L. 108–447, div. H, title IV, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 3264. Pub. L. 108–199, div. F, title IV, Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 340. Pub. L. 108–7, div. J, title II, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 442. Pub. L. 107–67, title II, Nov. 12, 2001, 115 Stat. 525. Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(3) [title II], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–135. Pub. L. 106–58, title II, Sept. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 444. Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, § 101(h) [title II], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–480, 2681–492. Pub. L. 105–61, title II, Oct. 10, 1997, 111 Stat. 1290. Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, § 101(f) [title II], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009–326. Pub. L. 104–52, title II, Nov. 19, 1995, 109 Stat. 476. Pub. L. 103–329, title II, Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2392. Pub. L. 103–123, title II, Oct. 28, 1993, 107 Stat. 1234. Pub. L. 102–393, title II, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1737. Pub. L. 102–141, title II, Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 843. Pub. L. 101–509, title II, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1396. Pub. L. 101–136, title II, Nov. 3, 1989, 103 Stat. 790. Pub. L. 100–440, title II, Sept. 22, 1988, 102 Stat. 1727. Pub. L. 100–202, §§ 101(m) [title II], 102, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–390, 1329–397, 1329–433. Pub. L. 99–500, §§ 101(m) [title II], 102, Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–308, 1783–314, 1783–346, and Pub. L. 99–591, §§ 101(m) [title II], 102, Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–308, 3341–314, 3341–346. Pub. L. 99–190, §§ 101(h) [H.R. 3036, title II], 102, Dec. 19, 1985, 99 Stat. 1291, 1315. Pub. L. 98–473, §§ 101(j) [H.R. 5798, title II], 102, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 1963, 1964. Pub. L. 98–151, §§ 102, 106, Nov. 14, 1983, 97 Stat. 975. Pub. L. 98–107, §§ 102, 108, Oct. 1, 1983, 97 Stat. 740, 741. Pub. L. 97–377, title I, § 111B, Dec. 21, 1982, 96 Stat. 1912. Pub. L. 97–35, title XVII, § 1722, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 759, as amended by Pub. L. 98–369, div. B, title II, § 2209, July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 1061. Pub. L. 96–499, title IV, § 412, Dec. 5, 1980, 94 Stat. 2607.
Prohibition of 9-Digit ZIP CodePub. L. 97–35, title XVII, § 1726, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 761, prohibited Postal Service from implementing ZIP code system using more than 5 digits before Oct. 1, 1983, and prohibited executive agencies from taking action to conform mailing procedures to ZIP code system using more than 5 digits during the period from Aug. 13, 1981 to Dec. 31, 1982.
legal/us/code/title-39/chapter-4/section-404.md
+127
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
---
type: "LegalText"
title: "39 U.S.C. § 404"
description: "Specific powers"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 39
title_name: "POSTAL SERVICE"
chapter_number: "4"
chapter_name: "GENERAL AUTHORITY"
section: "404"
citation: "39 U.S.C. § 404"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc39@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t39/s404"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-39/usc39.xml"
source_hash: "abaad5eb6316afe10d50e636f6c4f7588b8e53707ded30c8c638a7d8a029b2b9"
raw_snapshot_hash: "ccea35969be78d053165f1170bf2aa826a68e5b4dea1fe3356d8a09e86e19a65"
text_hash: "c8c27960231bc082a26233d43d78d60f1189bce80e20172536acf1f0e6a4e8a3"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 39 U.S.C. § 404 - Specific powers
## Text
(a) Subject to the provisions of section 404a, but otherwise without limitation of the generality of its powers, the Postal Service shall have the following specific powers, among others:
(1) to provide for the collection, handling, transportation, delivery, forwarding, returning, and holding of mail, and for the disposition of undeliverable mail;
(2) to prescribe, in accordance with this title, the amount of postage and the manner in which it is to be paid;
(3) to determine the need for post offices, postal and training facilities and equipment, and to provide such offices, facilities, and equipment as it determines are needed;
(4) to provide and sell postage stamps and other stamped paper, cards, and envelopes and to provide such other evidences of payment of postage and fees as may be necessary or desirable;
(5) to provide philatelic services;
(6) to investigate postal offenses and civil matters relating to the Postal Service;
(7) to offer and pay rewards for information and services in connection with violation of the postal laws, and, unless a different disposal is expressly prescribed, to pay one-half of all penalties and forfeitures imposed for violations of law affecting the Postal Service, its revenues, or property, to the person informing for the same, and to pay the other one-half into the Postal Service Fund; and
(8) to authorize the issuance of a substitute check for a lost, stolen, or destroyed check of the Postal Service.
(b) Except as otherwise provided, the Governors are authorized to establish reasonable and equitable classes of mail and reasonable and equitable rates of postage and fees for postal services in accordance with the provisions of chapter 36. Postal rates and fees shall be reasonable and equitable and sufficient to enable the Postal Service, under best practices of honest, efficient, and economical management, to maintain and continue the development of postal services of the kind and quality adapted to the needs of the United States.
(c) The Postal Service shall maintain one or more classes of mail for the transmission of letters sealed against inspection. The rate for each such class shall be uniform throughout the United States, its territories, and possessions. One such class shall provide for the most expeditious handling and transportation afforded mail matter by the Postal Service. No letter of such a class of domestic origin shall be opened except under authority of a search warrant authorized by law, or by an officer or employee of the Postal Service for the sole purpose of determining an address at which the letter can be delivered, or pursuant to the authorization of the addressee.
(d) (1) The Postal Service, prior to making a determination under subsection (a)(3) of this section as to the necessity for the closing or consolidation of any post office, shall provide adequate notice of its intention to close or consolidate such post office at least 60 days prior to the proposed date of such closing or consolidation to persons served by such post office to ensure that such persons will have an opportunity to present their views.
(2) The Postal Service, in making a determination whether or not to close or consolidate a post office—
(A) shall consider—
(i) the effect of such closing or consolidation on the community served by such post office;
(ii) the effect of such closing or consolidation on employees of the Postal Service employed at such office;
(iii) whether such closing or consolidation is consistent with the policy of the Government, as stated in section 101(b) of this title, that the Postal Service shall provide a maximum degree of effective and regular postal services to rural areas, communities, and small towns where post offices are not self-sustaining;
(iv) the economic savings to the Postal Service resulting from such closing or consolidation; and
(v) such other factors as the Postal Service determines are necessary; and
(B) may not consider compliance with any provision of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (29 U.S.C. 651 et seq.).
(3) Any determination of the Postal Service to close or consolidate a post office shall be in writing and shall include the findings of the Postal Service with respect to the considerations required to be made under paragraph (2) of this subsection. Such determination and findings shall be made available to persons served by such post office.
(4) The Postal Service shall take no action to close or consolidate a post office until 60 days after its written determination is made available to persons served by such post office.
(5) A determination of the Postal Service to close or consolidate any post office may be appealed by any person served by such office to the Postal Regulatory Commission within 30 days after such determination is made available to such person under paragraph (3). The Commission shall review such determination on the basis of the record before the Postal Service in the making of such determination. The Commission shall make a determination based upon such review no later than 120 days after receiving any appeal under this paragraph. The Commission shall set aside any determination, findings, and conclusions found to be—
(A) arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance with the law;
(B) without observance of procedure required by law; or
(C) unsupported by substantial evidence on the record.
The Commission may affirm the determination of the Postal Service or order that the entire matter be returned for further consideration, but the Commission may not modify the determination of the Postal Service. The Commission may suspend the effectiveness of the determination of the Postal Service until the final disposition of the appeal. The provisions of section 556, section 557, and chapter 7 of title 5 shall not apply to any review carried out by the Commission under this paragraph.
(6) For purposes of paragraph (5), any appeal received by the Commission shall—
(A) if sent to the Commission through the mails, be considered to have been received on the date of the Postal Service postmark on the envelope or other cover in which such appeal is mailed; or
(B) if otherwise lawfully delivered to the Commission, be considered to have been received on the date determined based on any appropriate documentation or other indicia (as determined under regulations of the Commission).
(e) (1) In this subsection, the term “nonpostal service” means any service that is not a postal service defined under section 102(5).
(2) Nothing in this section shall be considered to permit or require that the Postal Service provide any nonpostal service, except that the Postal Service may provide nonpostal services which were offered as of January 1, 2006, as provided under this subsection, or any nonpostal products or services authorized by chapter 37.
(3) Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of the Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act, the Postal Regulatory Commission shall review each nonpostal service offered by the Postal Service on the date of enactment of that Act and determine whether that nonpostal service shall continue, taking into account—
(A) the public need for the service; and
(B) the ability of the private sector to meet the public need for the service.
(4) Any nonpostal service not determined to be continued by the Postal Regulatory Commission under paragraph (3) shall terminate.
(5) If the Postal Regulatory Commission authorizes the Postal Service to continue a nonpostal service under this subsection, the Postal Regulatory Commission shall designate whether the service shall be regulated under this title as a market dominant product, a competitive product, or an experimental product.
(Pub. L. 91–375, Aug. 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 724; Pub. L. 94–421, § 9(a), Sept. 24, 1976, 90 Stat. 1310; Pub. L. 105–241, § 3, Sept. 28, 1998, 112 Stat. 1572; Pub. L. 109–435, title I, § 102(a), title IV, § 403(b)(2), title VI, § 604(a), title X, §§ 1006(a), 1010(e), Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 3200, 3227, 3241, 3258, 3261; Pub. L. 117–108, title I, § 103(b)(1), Apr. 6, 2022, 136 Stat. 1144.)
## Notes
Editorial Notes
References in TextThe Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, referred to in subsec. (d)(2)(B), is Pub. L. 91–596, Dec. 29, 1970, 84 Stat. 1590, which is classified principally to chapter 15 (§ 651 et seq.) of Title 29, Labor. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 651 of Title 29 and Tables. The date of enactment of the Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act, referred to in subsec. (e)(3), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 109–435, which was approved Dec. 20, 2006.
Amendments2022—Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 117–108 inserted “, or any nonpostal products or services authorized by chapter 37” after “under this subsection”. 2006—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–435, § 403(b)(2), substituted “Subject to the provisions of section 404a, but otherwise without” for “Without” in introductory provisions. Subsec. (a)(6) to (9). Pub. L. 109–435, § 102(a)(1), redesignated pars. (7) to (9) as (6) to (8), respectively, and struck out former par. (6), which read “to provide, establish, change, or abolish special nonpostal or similar services;”. Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–435, § 1010(e), added subsec. (b). Former subsec. (b) redesignated (d). Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 109–435, § 604(a), substituted “Postal Regulatory Commission” for “Postal Rate Commission”. Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 109–435, § 1006(a), added par. (6). Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–435, § 1010(e), added subsec. (c). Former subsec. (c) redesignated (e). Pub. L. 109–435, § 102(a)(2), added subsec. (c). Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 109–435, § 1010(e), redesignated subsecs. (b) and (c) as (d) and (e), respectively. 1998—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 105–241 amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: “The Postal Service, in making a determination whether or not to close or consolidate a post office, shall consider— “(A) the effect of such closing or consolidation on the community served by such post office; “(B) the effect of such closing or consolidation on employees of the Postal Service employed at such office; “(C) whether such closing or consolidation is consistent with the policy of the Government, as stated in section 101(b) of this title, that the Postal Service shall provide a maximum degree of effective and regular postal services to rural areas, communities, and small towns where post offices are not self-sustaining; “(D) the economic savings to the Postal Service resulting from such closing or consolidation; and “(E) such other factors as the Postal Service determines are necessary.” 1976—Pub. L. 94–421 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsec. (b).
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 2006 AmendmentPub. L. 109–435, title X, § 1006(b), Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 3258, provided that: “This section [amending this section] and the amendments made by this section shall apply with respect to any determination to close or consolidate a post office which is first made available, in accordance with paragraph (3) of section 404(b) of title 39, United States Code, after the end of the 3-month period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 20, 2006].”
Effective Date of 1976 AmendmentPub. L. 94–421, § 9(b), Sept. 24, 1976, 90 Stat. 1311, provided that: “The amendments made by subsection (a) of this section [amending this section] shall take effect on the day after the date on which the Commission on Postal Service transmits its final report under section 7(f)(1) of this Act [set out as a note under section 3661 of this title].”
Effective DatePars. (1), (3) to (9) of subsec. (a) of this section effective July 1, 1971, pursuant to Resolution No. 71–9 of the Board of Governors and par. (2) of subsec. (a) effective Jan. 20, 1971, pursuant to Resolution No. 71–10 of the Board of Governors. See section 15(a) of Pub. L. 91–375, set out as a note preceding section 101 of this title.
Treatment of Existing Nonpostal ServicesPub. L. 117–108, title I, § 103(b)(3), Apr. 6, 2022, 136 Stat. 1144, provided that: “All individual nonpostal services, provided directly or through licensing, that are continued pursuant to section 404(e) of title 39, United States Code, shall be considered to be expressly authorized by chapter 37 of such title (as added by subsection (a)(1)) and shall be subject to the requirements of section 3705 [probably means section 3705 of this title], subsections (a) through (d).”
References to Postal Rate CommissionPub. L. 109–435, title VI, § 604(f), Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 3242, provided that: “Whenever a reference is made in any provision of law (other than this Act [see Tables for classification] or a provision of law amended by this Act), regulation, rule, document, or other record of the United States to the Postal Rate Commission, such reference shall be considered a reference to the Postal Regulatory Commission.”
legal/us/code/title-39/chapter-4/section-404a.md
+45
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
---
type: "LegalText"
title: "39 U.S.C. § 404a"
description: "Specific limitations"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 39
title_name: "POSTAL SERVICE"
chapter_number: "4"
chapter_name: "GENERAL AUTHORITY"
section: "404a"
citation: "39 U.S.C. § 404a"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc39@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t39/s404a"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-39/usc39.xml"
source_hash: "c8fad6a90bcd3dcf368f58e6c7e678f00dd64b081c766b4df4eb2bc6f2c8907a"
raw_snapshot_hash: "ccea35969be78d053165f1170bf2aa826a68e5b4dea1fe3356d8a09e86e19a65"
text_hash: "16e2fbad71f625786ff2843b040414c2eec772dff3d4ad6c83b8c7064347a704"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 39 U.S.C. § 404a - Specific limitations
## Text
(a) Except as specifically authorized by law, the Postal Service may not—
(1) establish any rule or regulation (including any standard) the effect of which is to preclude competition or establish the terms of competition unless the Postal Service demonstrates that the regulation does not create an unfair competitive advantage for itself or any entity funded (in whole or in part) by the Postal Service;
(2) compel the disclosure, transfer, or licensing of intellectual property to any third party (such as patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets, and proprietary information); or
(3) obtain information from a person that provides (or seeks to provide) any product, and then offer any postal service that uses or is based in whole or in part on such information, without the consent of the person providing that information, unless substantially the same information is obtained (or obtainable) from an independent source or is otherwise obtained (or obtainable).
(b) The Postal Regulatory Commission shall prescribe regulations to carry out this section.
(c) Any party (including an officer of the Commission representing the interests of the general public) who believes that the Postal Service has violated this section may bring a complaint in accordance with section 3662.
(Added Pub. L. 109–435, title IV, § 403(a), Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 3226.)
legal/us/code/title-39/chapter-4/section-405.md
+45
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
---
type: "LegalText"
title: "39 U.S.C. § 405"
description: "Printing of illustrations of United States postage stamps"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 39
title_name: "POSTAL SERVICE"
chapter_number: "4"
chapter_name: "GENERAL AUTHORITY"
section: "405"
citation: "39 U.S.C. § 405"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc39@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t39/s405"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-39/usc39.xml"
source_hash: "984aaba4017873ab1e77cdaf60b40333e0462b44a662a052215b0bef5ee8ff45"
raw_snapshot_hash: "ccea35969be78d053165f1170bf2aa826a68e5b4dea1fe3356d8a09e86e19a65"
text_hash: "507ae31c7a6d47803c27e7a9bde43ab207efcae6461461da9dd5bd4e9b6e3cf0"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 39 U.S.C. § 405 - Printing of illustrations of United States postage stamps
## Text
(a) When requested by the Postal Service, the Director of the Government Publishing Office shall print, as a public document for sale by the Superintendent of Documents, illustrations in black and white or in color of postage stamps of the United States, together with such descriptive, historical, and philatelic information with regard to the stamps as the Postal Service deems suitable.
(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of section 505 of title 44, stereotype or electrotype plates, or duplicates thereof, used in the publications authorized to be printed by this section may not be sold or otherwise disposed of.
(Pub. L. 91–375, Aug. 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 724; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, § 1301(d), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537.)
## Notes
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Change of Name “Director of the Government Publishing Office” substituted for “Public Printer” in subsec. (a) on authority of section 1301(d) of Pub. L. 113–235, set out as a note under section 301 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.
Effective DateSection effective July 1, 1971, pursuant to Resolution No. 71–9 of the Board of Governors. See section 15(a) of Pub. L. 91–375, set out as a note preceding section 101 of this title.
legal/us/code/title-39/chapter-4/section-406.md
+63
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
---
type: "LegalText"
title: "39 U.S.C. § 406"
description: "Postal services at Armed Forces installations"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 39
title_name: "POSTAL SERVICE"
chapter_number: "4"
chapter_name: "GENERAL AUTHORITY"
section: "406"
citation: "39 U.S.C. § 406"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc39@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t39/s406"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-39/usc39.xml"
source_hash: "46f4b9e6c6da62f98c845f4859a8340204d83957ef33d75afb55d7a64e0bd633"
raw_snapshot_hash: "ccea35969be78d053165f1170bf2aa826a68e5b4dea1fe3356d8a09e86e19a65"
text_hash: "8496ed4408fa45b9e1b4d9ce0612bd3e56f23e7933d05199bc78a21871047e06"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 39 U.S.C. § 406 - Postal services at Armed Forces installations
## Text
(a) The Postal Service may establish branch post offices at camps, posts, bases, or stations of the Armed Forces and at defense or other strategic installations.
(b) The Secretaries of Defense and Transportation shall make arrangements with the Postal Service to perform postal services through personnel designated by them at or through branch post offices established under subsection (a) of this section.
(c) (1) The Secretary of Defense shall authorize the use of a post office established under subsection (a) in a location outside the United States by citizens of the United States—
(A) who—
(i) are employed by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization; and
(ii) perform functions in support of the Armed Forces of the United States; and
(B) if the Secretary makes a written determination that such use is—
(i) in the best interests of the Department of Defense; and
(ii) otherwise authorized by applicable host nation law or agreement.
(2) No funds may be obligated or expended to establish, maintain, or expand a post office established under subsection (a) for the purpose of use described in paragraph (1) of this subsection.
(Pub. L. 91–375, Aug. 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 724; Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title X, § 1056, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1593; Pub. L. 118–31, div. A, title XVIII, § 1806(a), Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 688.)
## Notes
Editorial Notes
Amendments2023—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 118–31 substituted “shall authorize the use” for “may authorize the use” in introductory provisions. 2019—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 116–92 added subsec. (c).
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective DateSection effective July 1, 1971, pursuant to Resolution No. 71–9 of the Board of Governors. See section 15(a) of Pub. L. 91–375, set out as a note preceding section 101 of this title.
legal/us/code/title-39/chapter-4/section-407.md
+99
View File
File diff suppressed because one or more lines are too long
legal/us/code/title-39/chapter-4/section-408.md
+41
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
---
type: "LegalText"
title: "39 U.S.C. § 408"
description: "International money-order exchanges"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 39
title_name: "POSTAL SERVICE"
chapter_number: "4"
chapter_name: "GENERAL AUTHORITY"
section: "408"
citation: "39 U.S.C. § 408"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc39@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t39/s408"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-39/usc39.xml"
source_hash: "3c7347b83138a603a972b94a0962c8425aad4a9af4890ed236479ca6592a405a"
raw_snapshot_hash: "ccea35969be78d053165f1170bf2aa826a68e5b4dea1fe3356d8a09e86e19a65"
text_hash: "9ae30ae26d947664e9b67fa180656ffd1034b633716e5c7b39e2d74c64004f6d"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 39 U.S.C. § 408 - International money-order exchanges
## Text
The Postal Service may make arrangements with other governments, with which postal conventions are or may be concluded, for the exchange of sums of money by means of postal orders. It shall fix limitations on the amount which may be so exchanged and the rates of exchange.
(Pub. L. 91–375, Aug. 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 725.)
## Notes
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective DateSection effective July 1, 1971, pursuant to Resolution No. 71–9 of the Board of Governors. See section 15(a) of Pub. L. 91–375, set out as a note preceding section 101 of this title.
legal/us/code/title-39/chapter-4/section-409.md
+123
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
---
type: "LegalText"
title: "39 U.S.C. § 409"
description: "Suits by and against the Postal Service"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 39
title_name: "POSTAL SERVICE"
chapter_number: "4"
chapter_name: "GENERAL AUTHORITY"
section: "409"
citation: "39 U.S.C. § 409"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc39@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t39/s409"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-39/usc39.xml"
source_hash: "34089c5399945714dd1d5730cfd5e50a7f85e2c290bae15102517b4c58a91e33"
raw_snapshot_hash: "ccea35969be78d053165f1170bf2aa826a68e5b4dea1fe3356d8a09e86e19a65"
text_hash: "89d10834b4f98e0ca6c823c3820d076f8b38c1b1501200ccfd758ad6451818a9"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 39 U.S.C. § 409 - Suits by and against the Postal Service
## Text
(a) Except as otherwise provided in this title, the United States district courts shall have original but not exclusive jurisdiction over all actions brought by or against the Postal Service. Any action brought in a State court to which the Postal Service is a party may be removed to the appropriate United States district court under the provisions of chapter 89 of title 28.
(b) Unless otherwise provided in this title, the provisions of title 28 relating to service of process, venue, and limitations of time for bringing action in suits in which the United States, its officers, or employees are parties, and the rules of procedure adopted under title 28 for suits in which the United States, its officers, or employees are parties, shall apply in like manner to suits in which the Postal Service, its officers, or employees are parties.
(c) The provisions of chapter 171 and all other provisions of title 28 relating to tort claims shall apply to tort claims arising out of activities of the Postal Service.
(d) (1) For purposes of the provisions of law cited in paragraphs (2)(A) and (2)(B), respectively, the Postal Service—
(A) shall be considered to be a “person”, as used in the provisions of law involved; and
(B) shall not be immune under any other doctrine of sovereign immunity from suit in Federal court by any person for any violation of any of those provisions of law by any officer or employee of the Postal Service.
(2) This subsection applies with respect to—
(A) the Act of July 5, 1946 (commonly referred to as the “Trademark Act of 1946” (15 U.S.C. 1051 and following)); and
(B) the provisions of section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act to the extent that such section 5 applies to unfair or deceptive acts or practices.
(e) (1) To the extent that the Postal Service, or other Federal agency acting on behalf of or in concert with the Postal Service, engages in conduct with respect to any product which is not reserved to the United States under section 1696 of title 18, the Postal Service or other Federal agency (as the case may be)—
(A) shall not be immune under any doctrine of sovereign immunity from suit in Federal court by any person for any violation of Federal law by such agency or any officer or employee thereof; and
(B) shall be considered to be a person (as defined in subsection (a) of the first section of the Clayton Act) for purposes of—
(i) the antitrust laws (as defined in such subsection); and
(ii) section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act to the extent that such section 5 applies to unfair methods of competition.
For purposes of the preceding sentence, any private carriage of mail allowable by virtue of section 601 shall not be considered a service reserved to the United States under section 1696 of title 18.
(2) No damages, interest on damages, costs or attorney’s fees may be recovered, and no criminal liability may be imposed, under the antitrust laws (as so defined) from any officer or employee of the Postal Service, or other Federal agency acting on behalf of or in concert with the Postal Service, acting in an official capacity.
(3) This subsection shall not apply with respect to conduct occurring before the date of enactment of this subsection.
(f) (1) Each building constructed or altered by the Postal Service shall be constructed or altered, to the maximum extent feasible as determined by the Postal Service, in compliance with 1 of the nationally recognized model building codes and with other applicable nationally recognized codes.
(2) Each building constructed or altered by the Postal Service shall be constructed or altered only after consideration of all requirements (other than procedural requirements) of zoning laws, land use laws, and applicable environmental laws of a State or subdivision of a State which would apply to the building if it were not a building constructed or altered by an establishment of the Government of the United States.
(3) For purposes of meeting the requirements of paragraphs (1) and (2) with respect to a building, the Postal Service shall—
(A) in preparing plans for the building, consult with appropriate officials of the State or political subdivision, or both, in which the building will be located;
(B) upon request, submit such plans in a timely manner to such officials for review by such officials for a reasonable period of time not exceeding 30 days; and
(C) permit inspection by such officials during construction or alteration of the building, in accordance with the customary schedule of inspections for construction or alteration of buildings in the locality, if such officials provide to the Postal Service—
(i) a copy of such schedule before construction of the building is begun; and
(ii) reasonable notice of their intention to conduct any inspection before conducting such inspection.
Nothing in this subsection shall impose an obligation on any State or political subdivision to take any action under the preceding sentence, nor shall anything in this subsection require the Postal Service or any of its contractors to pay for any action taken by a State or political subdivision to carry out this subsection (including reviewing plans, carrying out on-site inspections, issuing building permits, and making recommendations).
(4) Appropriate officials of a State or a political subdivision of a State may make recommendations to the Postal Service concerning measures necessary to meet the requirements of paragraphs (1) and (2). Such officials may also make recommendations to the Postal Service concerning measures which should be taken in the construction or alteration of the building to take into account local conditions. The Postal Service shall give due consideration to any such recommendations.
(5) In addition to consulting with local and State officials under paragraph (3), the Postal Service shall establish procedures for soliciting, assessing, and incorporating local community input on real property and land use decisions.
(6) For purposes of this subsection, the term “State” includes the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and a territory or possession of the United States.
(g) (1) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, legal representation may not be furnished by the Department of Justice to the Postal Service in any action, suit, or proceeding arising, in whole or in part, under any of the following:
(A) Subsection (d) or (e) of this section.
(B) Subsection (f) or (g) of section 504 (relating to administrative subpoenas by the Postal Regulatory Commission).
(C) Section 3663 (relating to appellate review).
The Postal Service may, by contract or otherwise, employ attorneys to obtain any legal representation that it is precluded from obtaining from the Department of Justice under this paragraph.
(2) In any circumstance not covered by paragraph (1), the Department of Justice shall, under section 411, furnish the Postal Service such legal representation as it may require, except that, with the prior consent of the Attorney General, the Postal Service may, in any such circumstance, employ attorneys by contract or otherwise to conduct litigation brought by or against the Postal Service or its officers or employees in matters affecting the Postal Service.
(3) (A) In any action, suit, or proceeding in a court of the United States arising in whole or in part under any of the provisions of law referred to in subparagraph (B) or (C) of paragraph (1), and to which the Commission is not otherwise a party, the Commission shall be permitted to appear as a party on its own motion and as of right.
(B) The Department of Justice shall, under such terms and conditions as the Commission and the Attorney General shall consider appropriate, furnish the Commission such legal representation as it may require in connection with any such action, suit, or proceeding, except that, with the prior consent of the Attorney General, the Commission may employ attorneys by contract or otherwise for that purpose.
(h) A judgment against the Government of the United States arising out of activities of the Postal Service shall be paid by the Postal Service out of any funds available to the Postal Service, subject to the restriction specified in section 2011(g).
(Pub. L. 91–375, Aug. 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 725; Pub. L. 97–258, § 2(k), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1062; Pub. L. 109–435, title IV, § 404, Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 3227.)
## Notes
Historical and Revision Notes 1982 Act Revised sectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large) 409(e)31:724a (last sentence).July 27, 1956, ch. 748, 70 Stat. 678, § 1302 (last sentence); added Aug. 12, 1970, Pub. L. 91–375, § 6(l)(3), 84 Stat. 782. The words “Notwithstanding the other provisions of this section” are omitted as unnecessary.
Editorial Notes
References in TextThe Act of July 5, 1946, referred to in subsec. (d)(2)(A), is act July 5, 1946, ch. 540, 60 Stat. 427, popularly known as the Trademark Act of 1946 and also as the Lanham Act, which is classified generally to chapter 22 (§ 1051 et seq.) of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1051 of Title 15 and Tables. Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act, referred to in subsecs. (d)(2)(B) and (e)(1)(B)(ii), is classified to section 45 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. The first section of the Clayton Act, referred to in subsec. (e)(1)(B), is classified to section 12 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, and section 53 of Title 29, Labor. The date of enactment of this subsection, referred to in subsec. (e)(3), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 109–435, which was approved Dec. 20, 2006.
Amendments2006—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–435, § 404(b), substituted “Except as otherwise provided in this title,” for “Except as provided in section 3628 of this title,”. Subsecs. (d) to (h). Pub. L. 109–435, § 404(a), added subsecs. (d) to (h) and struck out former subsecs. (d) and (e), which read as follows: “(d) The Department of Justice shall furnish, under section 411 of this title, the Postal Service such legal representation as it may require, but with the prior consent of the Attorney General the Postal Service may employ attorneys by contract or otherwise to conduct litigation brought by or against the Postal Service or its officers or employees in matters affecting the Postal Service. “(e) A judgment against the Government of the United States arising out of activities of the Postal Service shall be paid by the Postal Service out of any funds available to the Postal Service.” 1982—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 97–258 added subsec. (e).
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective DateSection effective July 1, 1971, pursuant to Resolution No. 71–9 of the Board of Governors. See section 15(a) of Pub. L. 91–375, set out as a note preceding section 101 of this title.
legal/us/code/title-39/chapter-4/section-410.md
+113
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
---
type: "LegalText"
title: "39 U.S.C. § 410"
description: "Application of other laws"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 39
title_name: "POSTAL SERVICE"
chapter_number: "4"
chapter_name: "GENERAL AUTHORITY"
section: "410"
citation: "39 U.S.C. § 410"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc39@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t39/s410"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-39/usc39.xml"
source_hash: "64923986e5df34528af4b526af038012945865073db825287a334e228fe9e79e"
raw_snapshot_hash: "ccea35969be78d053165f1170bf2aa826a68e5b4dea1fe3356d8a09e86e19a65"
text_hash: "8d719c4eb0a99ccc02bdff1f300d98ba33a1890294f699b4b543caca4aec421a"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 39 U.S.C. § 410 - Application of other laws
## Text
(a) Except as provided by subsection (b) of this section, and except as otherwise provided in this title or insofar as such laws remain in force as rules or regulations of the Postal Service, no Federal law dealing with public or Federal contracts, property, works, officers, employees, budgets, or funds, including the provisions of chapters 5 and 7 of title 5, shall apply to the exercise of the powers of the Postal Service.
(b) The following provisions shall apply to the Postal Service:
(1) section 552 (public information), section 552a (records about individuals), section 552b (open meetings), section 3102 (employment of personal assistants for blind, deaf, or otherwise handicapped employees), section 3110 (restrictions on employment of relatives), section 3333 and chapters 72 (antidiscrimination; right to petition Congress) and 73 (suitability, security, and conduct of employees), section 5520 (withholding city income or employment taxes), and section 5532 11 See References in Text note below. (dual pay) of title 5, except that no regulation issued under such chapters or section shall apply to the Postal Service unless expressly made applicable;
(2) all provisions of title 18 dealing with the Postal Service, the mails, and officers or employees of the Government of the United States;
(3) section 107 of title 20 (known as the Randolph-Sheppard Act, relating to vending machines operated by the blind);
(4) the following provisions of title 40:
(A) sections 3114–3116, 3118, 3131, 3133, and 3141–3147; and
(B) chapters 37 and 173;
(5) chapters 65 and 67 of title 41;
(6) sections 2000d, 2000d–1—2000d–4 of title 42 (title VI, the Civil Rights Act of 1964);
(7) section 19 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (29 U.S.C. 668);
(8) the provisions of the Act of August 12, 1968 (42 U.S.C. 4151–4156);
(9) chapter 39 of title 31;
(10) chapter 4 of title 5; and
(11) section 5520a of title 5.
(c) Subsection (b)(1) of this section shall not require the disclosure of—
(1) the name or address, past or present, of any postal patron;
(2) information of a commercial nature, including trade secrets, whether or not obtained from a person outside the Postal Service, which under good business practice would not be publicly disclosed;
(3) information prepared for use in connection with the negotiation of collective-bargaining agreements under chapter 12 of this title or minutes of, or notes kept during, negotiating sessions conducted under such chapter;
(4) information prepared for use in connection with proceedings under chapter 36 of this title;
(5) the reports and memoranda of consultants or independent contractors except to the extent that they would be required to be disclosed if prepared within the Postal Service; and
(6) investigatory files, whether or not considered closed, compiled for law enforcement purposes except to the extent available by law to a party other than the Postal Service.
(d) (1) A lease agreement by the Postal Service for rent of net interior space in excess of 6,500 square feet in any building or facility, or part of a building or facility, to be occupied for purposes of the Postal Service shall include a provision that all laborers and mechanics employed in the construction, modification, alteration, repair, painting, decoration, or other improvement of the building or space covered by the agreement, or improvement at the site of such building or facility, shall be paid wages at not less than those prevailing for similar work in the locality as determined by the Secretary of Labor under section 3142 of title 40.
(2) The authority and functions of the Secretary of Labor with respect to labor standards enforcement under Reorganization Plan numbered 14 of 1950 (title 5, appendix), and regulations for contractors and subcontractors under section 3145 of title 40, shall apply to the work under paragraph (1) of this subsection.
(3) Paragraph (2) of this subsection shall not be construed to give the Secretary of Labor authority to direct the cancellation of the lease agreement referred to in paragraph (1) of this subsection.
(Pub. L. 91–375, Aug. 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 725; Pub. L. 91–656, § 8(a), Jan. 8, 1971, 84 Stat. 1955; Pub. L. 93–340, § 2, July 10, 1974, 88 Stat. 294; Pub. L. 94–82, title I, § 101, Aug. 9, 1975, 89 Stat. 419; Pub. L. 94–409, § 5(a), Sept. 13, 1976, 90 Stat. 1247; Pub. L. 94–541, title II, § 203, Oct. 18, 1976, 90 Stat. 2508; Pub. L. 95–454, title III, § 302(c), title VII, § 703(c)(4), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1146, 1217; Pub. L. 96–523, § 1(c)(2), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 3040; Pub. L. 100–496, § 2(c)(2), Oct. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 2456; Pub. L. 100–504, title I, § 104(b), Oct. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 2525; Pub. L. 103–82, title II, § 202(g)(6), Sept. 21, 1993, 107 Stat. 890; Pub. L. 103–94, § 9(b)(2), Oct. 6, 1993, 107 Stat. 1010; Pub. L. 103–123, title VII, § 708(a), Oct. 28, 1993, 107 Stat. 1272; Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, § 101(f) [title VI, § 662(f)(1)], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009–382; Pub. L. 107–217, § 3(k), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1301; Pub. L. 108–178, § 4(j), Dec. 15, 2003, 117 Stat. 2642; Pub. L. 111–350, § 5(k), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3850; Pub. L. 117–286, § 4(b)(63), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4350.)
## Notes
Editorial Notes
References in TextSection 5532 of title 5, referred to in subsec. (b)(1), was repealed by Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title VI, § 651(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 664. Section 107 of title 20, known as the Randolph-Sheppard Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(3), is section 1 of act June 20, 1936, ch. 638, 49 Stat. 1559. The act of June 20, 1936, known as the Randolph-Sheppard Act and also popularly known as the Randolph-Sheppard Vending Stand Act, is classified generally to chapter 6A (§ 107 et seq.) of Title 20, Education. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title notes set out under section 107 of Title 20 and Tables. The Civil Rights Act of 1964, referred to in subsec. (b)(6), is Pub. L. 88–352, July 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 241. Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is classified generally to subchapter V (§ 2000d et seq.) of chapter 21 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2000a of Title 42 and Tables. Section 19 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (29 U.S.C. 668), referred to in subsec. (b)(7), is section 19 of Pub. L. 91–596, Dec. 29, 1970, 84 Stat. 1609, which enacted section 668 of Title 29, Labor, and amended section 7902 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. The provisions of the Act of August 12, 1968 (42 U.S.C. 4151–4156), referred to in subsec. (b)(8), probably means Pub. L. 90–480, Aug. 12, 1968, 82 Stat. 718, as amended, popularly known as the Architectural Barriers Act of 1968, which is classified generally to chapter 51 (§ 4151 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4151 of Title 42 and Tables. Reorganization Plan numbered 14 of 1950 (title 5, appendix), referred to in subsec. (d)(2), is Reorg. Plan No. 14 of 1950, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3176, 64 Stat. 1267, which is set out in the Appendix to Title 5.
Amendments2022—Subsec. (b)(10). Pub. L. 117–286 substituted “chapter 4 of title 5;” for “the Inspector General Act of 1978;”. 2011—Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 111–350 added par. (5) and struck out former par. (5), which read as follows: “the following provisions of title 41: “(A) sections 35–45 (known as the Walsh-Healey Act, relating to wages and hours); and “(B) chapter 6 (the Service Contract Act of 1965);”. 2003—Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 108–178, § 4(j)(1), substituted “section 3142 of title 40” for “section 276a of title 40”. Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 108–178, § 4(j)(2), substituted “section 3145 of title 40” for “section 276c of title 40”. 2002—Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 107–217 amended par. (4) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (4) read as follows: “the following provisions of title 40: “(A) sections 258a–258e (relating to condemnation proceedings); “(B) sections 270a–270e (known as the Miller Act, relating to performance bonds); “(C) sections 276a—276a–7 (known as the Davis-Bacon Act, relating to prevailing wages); “(D) section 276c (relating to wage payments of certain contractors); “(E) chapter 5 (the Contract Work Hours Standards Act); and “(F) chapter 15 (the Government Losses in Shipment Act);”. 1996—Subsec. (b)(9). Pub. L. 104–208, § 101(f) [title VI, § 662(f)(1)(A)], struck out “and” at end. Subsec. (b)(10). Pub. L. 104–208, § 101(f) [title VI, § 662(f)(1)(B)], substituted “(10) the Inspector General Act of 1978; and” for “the provisions of section 8F of the Inspector General Act of 1978.” 1993—Subsec. (b)(8). Pub. L. 103–82, § 202(g)(6)(A), and Pub. L. 103–123, § 708(a)(1), amended par. (8) identically, striking out “and” at end. Subsec. (b)(9). Pub. L. 103–123, § 708(a)(2), substituted “chapter” for “Chapter” in par. (9) relating to title 31. Pub. L. 103–82, § 202(g)(6)(B), and Pub. L. 103–123, § 708(a)(2), amended par. (9), relating to title 31, identically, substituting “; and” for period at end. Pub. L. 103–94, § 9(b)(2)(A), and Pub. L. 103–123, § 708(a)(3), which directed the identical amendment of subsec. (b) by redesignating par. (9), providing for applicability to Postal Service of provisions of section 8E of Inspector General Act of 1978, as (10), could not be executed because Pub. L. 103–82, § 202(g)(6)(C), struck out such par. See below. Pub. L. 103–82, § 202(g)(6)(C), struck out second par. (9) which provided for applicability to Postal Service of the provisions of section 8E of Inspector General Act of 1978. Subsec. (b)(10). Pub. L. 103–94, § 9(b)(2)(A), and Pub. L. 103–123, § 708(a)(3), which directed the identical amendment of subsec. (b) by redesignating par. (9), providing for applicability to Postal Service of provisions of section 8E of Inspector General Act of 1978, as (10), could not be executed because Pub. L. 103–82, § 202(g)(6)(C), struck out such par. See above. Pub. L. 103–82, § 202(g)(6)(C), added par. (10). Subsec. (b)(11). Pub. L. 103–94, § 9(b)(2)(B), added par. (11). 1988—Subsec. (b)(6) to (8). Pub. L. 100–504, § 104(b)(1)–(4), struck out “and” after semicolon in par. (6), substituted semicolon for period in par. (7), and substituted “the provisions” for “The provisions” and “; and” for period in par. (8). Subsec. (b)(9). Pub. L. 100–504, § 104(b)(5), added par. (9) relating to section 8E of Inspector General Act. Pub. L. 100–496 added par. (9) relating to chapter 39 of title 31. 1980—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 96–523 substituted “section 3102 (employment of personal assistants for blind, deaf, or otherwise handicapped” for “3102 (employment of reading assistants for blind employees and interpreting assistants for deaf”. 1978—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 95–454 inserted provisions relating to reading and interpreting assistants, and substituted provisions respecting applicability of chapter 72 of title 5, for provisions respecting applicability of chapter 71 of title 5. 1976—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 94–409 inserted references to sections 552a and 552b of title 5. Subsec. (b)(8). Pub. L. 94–541 added par. (8). 1975—Subsec. (b)(7). Pub. L. 94–82 added par. (7). 1974—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 93–340 inserted “section 5520 (withholding city income or employment taxes),” before “and section 5532 (dual pay)”. 1971—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 91–656 inserted “section 3110 (restrictions on employment of relatives),” before “section 3333” and substituted “no regulation” for “not regulation”.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 2003 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 108–178 effective Aug. 21, 2002, see section 5 of Pub. L. 108–178, set out as a note under section 5334 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
Effective Date of 1993 Amendments; Savings ProvisionAmendment by Pub. L. 103–94 effective 120 days after Oct. 6, 1993, but not to release or extinguish any penalty, forfeiture, or liability incurred under amended provision, which is to be treated as remaining in force for purpose of sustaining any proper proceeding or action for enforcement of that penalty, forfeiture, or liability, and no provision of Pub. L. 103–94 to affect any proceedings with respect to which charges were filed on or before 120 days after Oct. 6, 1993, with orders to be issued in such proceedings and appeals taken therefrom as if Pub. L. 103–94 had not been enacted, see section 12 of Pub. L. 103–94, set out as an Effective Date; Savings Provision note under section 7321 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. Amendment by Pub. L. 103–82 effective Oct. 1, 1993, see section 202(i) of Pub. L. 103–82, set out as an Effective Date note under section 12651 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.
Effective Date of 1988 AmendmentsAmendment by Pub. L. 100–504 effective 180 days after Oct. 18, 1988, see section 113 of Pub. L. 100–504, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 1988 Amendments note under section 5315 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. Amendment by Pub. L. 100–496 applicable with respect to all obligations incurred on or after Jan. 1, 1989, see section 14(c) of Pub. L. 100–496, set out as a note under section 3902 of Title 31, Money and Finance.
Effective Date of 1980 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 96–523 effective sixty days after Dec. 12, 1980, see section 3 of Pub. L. 96–523, set out as a note under section 3102 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
Effective Date of 1978 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
Effective Date of 1976 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 94–409 effective 180 days after Sept. 13, 1976, see section 6 of Pub. L. 94–409, set out as an Effective Date note under section 552b of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
Effective Date of 1974 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 93–340 effective on 90th day following July 10, 1974, see section 3 of Pub. L. 93–340, set out as an Effective Date note under section 5520 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
Effective Date of 1971 AmendmentPub. L. 91–656, § 8(b), Jan. 8, 1971, 84 Stat. 1955, provided that: “The provisions of this section [amending this section] shall become effective on the effective date prescribed under section 15(a) of the Postal Reorganization Act [set out as an Effective Date note preceding section 101 of this title] for section 410 of title 39, United States Code, as enacted by that Act.”
Effective DateSubsecs. (a), (b)(2) to (6), and (c)(1) to (3), (5), (6) of this section effective Apr. 13, 1971, pursuant to Resolution No. 71–14 of the Board of Governors, subsecs. (b)(1), relating to section 552 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, and (c)(4) effective Jan. 20, 1971 pursuant to Resolution No. 71–10 of the Board of Governors, and subsec. (d) effective July 1, 1971, pursuant to Resolution No. 71–9 of the Board of Governors. See section 15(a) of Pub. L. 91–375, set out as a note preceding section 101 of this title.
Applicability of Hatch Act Reform Amendments of 1993 to Postal EmployeesPub. L. 103–94, § 7, Oct. 6, 1993, 107 Stat. 1005, as amended by Pub. L. 109–435, title VI, § 604(f), Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 3242, provided that: “The amendments made by this Act [enacting sections 5520a and 7321 to 7326 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, and section 610 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, amending this section, sections 1216, 2302, 3302, and 3303 of Title 5, sections 602 and 603 of Title 18, and sections 1973d and 9904 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and omitting former sections 7321 to 7328 of Title 5] (except for the amendments made by section 8 [amending sections 2302 and 3303 of Title 5]), and any regulations thereunder, shall apply with respect to employees of the United States Postal Service and the Postal Regulatory Commission, pursuant to sections 410(b) and 3604(e) [now 504(e)] of title 39, United States Code.”
legal/us/code/title-39/chapter-4/section-411.md
+47
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
---
type: "LegalText"
title: "39 U.S.C. § 411"
description: "Cooperation with other Government agencies"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 39
title_name: "POSTAL SERVICE"
chapter_number: "4"
chapter_name: "GENERAL AUTHORITY"
section: "411"
citation: "39 U.S.C. § 411"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc39@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t39/s411"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-39/usc39.xml"
source_hash: "ce0c693fdc2087badbaa4d5aceff061b9643aa406ce502b26a8c11f2ba87cedb"
raw_snapshot_hash: "ccea35969be78d053165f1170bf2aa826a68e5b4dea1fe3356d8a09e86e19a65"
text_hash: "decfd1575fd3bbe44b71d02ebac93b2c6dfa4d183d8571f3ceb249ec91465f54"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 39 U.S.C. § 411 - Cooperation with other Government agencies
## Text
Executive agencies within the meaning of section 105 of title 5 and the Government Publishing Office are authorized to furnish property, both real and personal, and personal and nonpersonal services to the Postal Service, and the Postal Service is authorized to furnish property and services to them. The furnishing of property and services under this section shall be under such terms and conditions, including reimbursability within the limitations of chapter 37, as the Postal Service and the head of the agency concerned shall deem appropriate.
(Pub. L. 91–375, Aug. 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 726; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, § 1301(b), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537; Pub. L. 117–108, title I, § 103(b)(2), Apr. 6, 2022, 136 Stat. 1144.)
## Notes
Editorial Notes
Amendments2022—Pub. L. 117–108 substituted “including reimbursability within the limitations of chapter 37” for “including reimbursability”.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Change of Name “Government Publishing Office” substituted for “Government Printing Office” in text on authority of section 1301(b) of Pub. L. 113–235, set out as a note preceding section 301 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.
Effective DateSection effective July 1, 1971, pursuant to Resolution No. 71–9 of the Board of Governors. See section 15(a) of Pub. L. 91–375, set out as a note preceding section 101 of this title.
legal/us/code/title-39/chapter-4/section-412.md
+47
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
---
type: "LegalText"
title: "39 U.S.C. § 412"
description: "Nondisclosure of lists of names and addresses"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 39
title_name: "POSTAL SERVICE"
chapter_number: "4"
chapter_name: "GENERAL AUTHORITY"
section: "412"
citation: "39 U.S.C. § 412"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc39@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t39/s412"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-39/usc39.xml"
source_hash: "3777b128ff4a0a8bb5277319e24fbbeb12358dfe923d1ecb0c2e10feaefe884c"
raw_snapshot_hash: "ccea35969be78d053165f1170bf2aa826a68e5b4dea1fe3356d8a09e86e19a65"
text_hash: "2206a3c011bb92f846d21189e3b31bf2bf0f9ef96cc02b47142b9b2f8b62771c"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 39 U.S.C. § 412 - Nondisclosure of lists of names and addresses
## Text
(a) Except as specifically provided by subsection (b) or other law, no officer or employee of the Postal Service shall make available to the public by any means or for any purpose any mailing or other list of names or addresses (past or present) of postal patrons or other persons.
(b) The Postal Service shall provide to the Secretary of Commerce for use by the Bureau of the Census such address information, address-related information, and point of postal delivery information, including postal delivery codes, as may be determined by the Secretary to be appropriate for any census or survey being conducted by the Bureau of the Census. The provision of such information under this subsection shall be in accordance with such mutually agreeable terms and conditions, including reimbursability, as the Postal Service and the Secretary of Commerce shall deem appropriate.
(Pub. L. 91–375, Aug. 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 727; Pub. L. 103–430, § 4, Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4394.)
## Notes
Editorial Notes
Amendments1994—Pub. L. 103–430 substituted “(a) Except as specifically provided by subsection (b) or other law,” for “Except as specifically provided by law,” and added subsec. (b).
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective DateSection effective July 1, 1971, pursuant to Resolution No. 71–9 of the Board of Governors. See section 15(a) of Pub. L. 91–375, set out as a note preceding section 101 of this title.
legal/us/code/title-39/chapter-4/section-413.md
+47
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
---
type: "LegalText"
title: "39 U.S.C. § 413"
description: "Postal services at diplomatic posts"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 39
title_name: "POSTAL SERVICE"
chapter_number: "4"
chapter_name: "GENERAL AUTHORITY"
section: "413"
citation: "39 U.S.C. § 413"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc39@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t39/s413"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-39/usc39.xml"
source_hash: "b3fd54e1181493b9c77bfea2039c7aa024eb6b8ee408a69986a4c7bf4ec5d6ad"
raw_snapshot_hash: "ccea35969be78d053165f1170bf2aa826a68e5b4dea1fe3356d8a09e86e19a65"
text_hash: "2722953eb0854a1ac1c59a633f38245b2ce9033427a0d291fd84c260799106cd"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 39 U.S.C. § 413 - Postal services at diplomatic posts
## Text
(a) The Postal Service and the Department of State may enter into 1 or more agreements for field testing to ascertain the feasibility of providing postal services through personnel provided by the Department of State at branch post offices established by the Postal Service in United States diplomatic missions at locations abroad for which branch post offices are not established under section 406.
(b) To the extent that the Postal Service and the Department of State conclude it to be feasible and in the public interest, the Postal Service may establish branch post offices at United States diplomatic missions in locations abroad for which branch post offices are not established under section 406, and the Department of State may enter into an agreement with the Postal Service to perform postal services at such branch post offices through personnel designated by the Department of State.
(c) The Department of State shall reimburse the Postal Service for any amounts, determined by the Postal Service, equal to the additional costs incurred by the Postal Service, including transportation costs, incurred by the Postal Service in the performance of its obligations under any agreement entered into under this section.
(d) Each agreement entered into under this section shall include—
(1) provisions under which the Department of State shall make any reimbursements required under subsection (c);
(2) provisions authorizing the Postal Service to terminate the agreement, and the services provided thereunder, in the event that the Department of State does not comply with the provisions under paragraph (1); and
(3) any other provisions which may be necessary, including provisions relating to the closing of a post office under this section if necessary because a post office under section 406 is established in the same location.
(Added Pub. L. 101–524, § 5(a), Nov. 6, 1990, 104 Stat. 2303.)
legal/us/code/title-39/chapter-4/section-414.md
+95
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
---
type: "LegalText"
title: "39 U.S.C. § 414"
description: "Special postage stamps"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 39
title_name: "POSTAL SERVICE"
chapter_number: "4"
chapter_name: "GENERAL AUTHORITY"
section: "414"
citation: "39 U.S.C. § 414"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc39@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t39/s414"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-39/usc39.xml"
source_hash: "bd84b5222cb5d2ba56e653704e4f7797a75ba79ecbc4d2bc05cc171a9bb1df35"
raw_snapshot_hash: "ccea35969be78d053165f1170bf2aa826a68e5b4dea1fe3356d8a09e86e19a65"
text_hash: "a71033721105c9627c2fb1ee9467a7ca998cf954512296c20690614b756536ff"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 39 U.S.C. § 414 - Special postage stamps
## Text
(a) In order to afford the public a convenient way to contribute to funding for breast cancer research, the Postal Service shall establish a special rate of postage for first-class mail under this section.
(b) The rate of postage established under this section—
(1) shall be equal to the regular first-class rate of postage, plus a differential of not less than 15 percent;
(2) shall be set by the Governors in accordance with such procedures as the Governors shall by regulation prescribe (in lieu of the procedures under chapter 36); and
(3) shall be offered as an alternative to the regular first-class rate of postage.
The use of the special rate of postage established under this section shall be voluntary on the part of postal patrons. The special rate of postage of an individual stamp under this section shall be an amount that is evenly divisible by 5.
(c) (1) Of the amounts becoming available for breast cancer research pursuant to this section, the Postal Service shall pay—
(A) 70 percent to the National Institutes of Health; and
(B) the remainder to the Department of Defense.
Payments under this paragraph to an agency shall be made under such arrangements as the Postal Service shall by mutual agreement with such agency establish in order to carry out the purposes of this section, except that, under those arrangements, payments to such agency shall be made at least twice a year. An agency that receives amounts from the Postal Service under this paragraph shall use the amounts for breast cancer research.
(2) For purposes of this section, the term “amounts becoming available for breast cancer research pursuant to this section” means—
(A) the total amounts received by the Postal Service that it would not have received but for the enactment of this section, reduced by
(B) an amount sufficient to cover reasonable costs incurred by the Postal Service in carrying out this section, including those attributable to the printing, sale, and distribution of stamps under this section,
as determined by the Postal Service under regulations that it shall prescribe.
(d) It is the sense of the Congress that nothing in this section should—
(1) directly or indirectly cause a net decrease in total funds received by the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Defense, or any other agency of the Government (or any component or program thereof) below the level that would otherwise have been received but for the enactment of this section; or
(2) affect regular first-class rates of postage or any other regular rates of postage.
(e) Special postage stamps under this section shall be made available to the public beginning on such date as the Postal Service shall by regulation prescribe, but in no event later than 12 months after the date of the enactment of this section.
(f) The Postmaster General shall include in each report rendered under section 2402 with respect to any period during any portion of which this section is in effect information concerning the operation of this section, except that, at a minimum, each shall include—
(1) the total amount described in subsection (c)(2)(A) which was received by the Postal Service during the period covered by such report; and
(2) of the amount under paragraph (1), how much (in the aggregate and by category) was required for the purposes described in subsection (c)(2)(B).
(g) For purposes of section 416 (including any regulation prescribed under subsection (e)(1)(C) of that section), the special postage stamp issued under this section shall not apply to any limitation relating to whether more than 1 semipostal may be offered for sale at the same time.
(h) This section shall cease to be effective after December 31, 2027.
(Added Pub. L. 105–41, § 2(a), Aug. 13, 1997, 111 Stat. 1119; amended Pub. L. 106–253, § 3(a), July 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 636; Pub. L. 107–67, title VI, § 650(b)(1), (c), Nov. 12, 2001, 115 Stat. 556, 557; Pub. L. 108–199, div. F, title V, § 541, Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 346; Pub. L. 109–100, § 1, Nov. 11, 2005, 119 Stat. 2170; Pub. L. 110–150, § 1, Dec. 21, 2007, 121 Stat. 1820; Pub. L. 112–80, § 1, Dec. 23, 2011, 125 Stat. 1297; Pub. L. 114–99, §§ 2, 3, Dec. 11, 2015, 129 Stat. 2201; Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title XVII, § 1737, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1820.)
## Notes
Editorial Notes
References in TextThe date of the enactment of this section, referred to in subsec. (e), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 105–41, which was approved Aug. 13, 1997.
Amendments2019—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 116–92 substituted “2027” for “2019”. 2015—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 114–99, § 3, inserted at end of concluding provisions “An agency that receives amounts from the Postal Service under this paragraph shall use the amounts for breast cancer research.” Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 114–99, § 2, substituted “2019” for “2015”. 2011—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 112–80 substituted “2015” for “2011”. 2007—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 110–150 substituted “2011” for “2007”. 2005—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 109–100 substituted “2007” for “2005”. 2004—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 108–199 substituted “2005” for “2003”. 2001—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 107–67, § 650(c), substituted “of not less than 15 percent” for “of not to exceed 25 percent” in par. (1) and inserted at end of concluding provisions “The special rate of postage of an individual stamp under this section shall be an amount that is evenly divisible by 5.” Subsec. (g), (h). Pub. L. 107–67, § 650(b)(1), added subsecs. (g) and (h) and struck out former subsec. (g) which read as follows: “This section shall cease to be effective after July 29, 2002, or the end of the 2-year period beginning on the date of the enactment of the Semipostal Authorization Act, whichever is later.” 2000—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 106–253 amended subsec. (g) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (g) read as follows: “This section shall cease to be effective at the end of the 2-year period beginning on the date on which special postage stamps under this section are first made available to the public.”
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 2001 AmendmentPub. L. 107–67, title VI, § 650(b)(2), Nov. 12, 2001, 115 Stat. 557, provided that: “The amendment made by this subsection [amending this section] shall take effect on the earlier of— “(A) the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 12, 2001]; or “(B) July 29, 2002.”
Reporting RequirementsPub. L. 110–150, § 2, Dec. 21, 2007, 121 Stat. 1820, provided that: “The National Institutes of Health and the Department of Defense shall each submit to Congress and the Government Accountability Office an annual report concerning the use of any amounts that it received under section 414(c) of title 39, United States Code, including a description of any significant advances or accomplishments, during the year covered by the report, that were funded, in whole or in part, with such amounts.”
Report by Comptroller General of United StatesPub. L. 106–253, § 3(b), July 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 637, provided that: “No later than 3 months and no earlier than 6 months before the date as of which section 414 of title 39, United States Code (as amended by this section) is scheduled to expire, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the Congress a report on the operation of such section. Such report shall be in addition to the report required by section 2(b) of Public Law 105–41 [set out below], and shall address at least the same matters as were required to be included in that earlier report.” Pub. L. 105–41, § 2(b), Aug. 13, 1997, 111 Stat. 1120, provided that: “No later than 3 months (but no earlier than 6 months) before the end of the 2-year period referred to in section 414(g) of title 39, United States Code (as amended by subsection (a)), the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the Congress a report on the operation of such section. Such report shall include— “(1) an evaluation of the effectiveness and the appropriateness of the authority provided by such section as a means of fund-raising; and “(2) a description of the monetary and other resources required of the Postal Service in carrying out such section.”
legal/us/code/title-39/chapter-4/section-415.md
+41
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
---
type: "LegalText"
title: "39 U.S.C. § 415"
description: "Prohibition on restriction or elimination of services"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 39
title_name: "POSTAL SERVICE"
chapter_number: "4"
chapter_name: "GENERAL AUTHORITY"
section: "415"
citation: "39 U.S.C. § 415"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc39@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t39/s415"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-39/usc39.xml"
source_hash: "fa5bcdfa0bdb213e093fef10807515be73cc468d23af78503a140c1f95e13cdf"
raw_snapshot_hash: "ccea35969be78d053165f1170bf2aa826a68e5b4dea1fe3356d8a09e86e19a65"
text_hash: "769431d26e3cf61d15e78a0ed65f175800341f14aea3ac6efef25680d4d1ef21"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 39 U.S.C. § 415 - Prohibition on restriction or elimination of services
## Text
The Postal Service may not restrict, eliminate, or adversely affect any service provided by the Postal Service as a result of the payment of any penalty imposed under the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (29 U.S.C. 651 et seq.).
(Added Pub. L. 105–241, § 4(a), Sept. 28, 1998, 112 Stat. 1573.)
## Notes
Editorial Notes
References in TextThe Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 91–596, Dec. 29, 1970, 84 Stat. 1590, which is classified principally to chapter 15 (§ 651 et seq.) of Title 29, Labor. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 651 of Title 29 and Tables.
legal/us/code/title-39/chapter-4/section-416.md
+107
View File
File diff suppressed because one or more lines are too long