Legal corpus: the complete U.S. Code (59,740 sections, all 53 titles)

Ingested titles 12–51 and 54 from OLRC USLM XML @119-100 (the whole Code now, uniform edition; Title 53 is reserved/empty). LegalText 11,221 -> 59,740; repo total 105,704 records. Deterministic (byte-identical rerun, verified on Title 42's 8,356 sections); make check green. make legal-us-code default now covers every title. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "42 U.S.C. § 7701"
+description: "Congressional findings"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 42
+title_name: "THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE"
+chapter_number: "86"
+chapter_name: "EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS REDUCTION"
+section: "7701"
+citation: "42 U.S.C. § 7701"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc42@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t42/s7701"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-42/usc42.xml"
+source_hash: "0ffd2a849b5be36166d9c810d10ca08cb2fb75b6dc827ce411c1c3c386c4c790"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 42 U.S.C. § 7701 - Congressional findings
+
+## Text
+
+The Congress finds and declares the following:
+
+(1) All 50 States, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, are vulnerable to the hazards of earthquakes, and at least 39 of them are subject to major or moderate seismic risk, including Alaska, California, Hawaii, Illinois, Massachusetts, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, South Carolina Tennessee,,11 So in original. Utah, and Washington. A large portion of the population of the United States lives in areas vulnerable to earthquake hazards.
+
+(2) Earthquakes have caused, and can cause in the future, enormous loss of life, injury, destruction of property, and economic and social disruption. With respect to future earthquakes, such loss, destruction, and disruption can be substantially reduced through the development and implementation of earthquake hazards reduction measures, including (A) improved design and construction methods and practices, (B) land-use controls and redevelopment, (C) early-warning systems, (D) coordinated emergency preparedness plans, and (E) public education and involvement programs.
+
+(3) An expertly staffed and adequately financed earthquake hazards reduction program, based on Federal, State, local, and private research, planning, decisionmaking, and contributions would reduce the risk of such loss, destruction, and disruption in seismic areas by an amount far greater than the cost of such program.
+
+(4) A well-funded seismological research program could provide the scientific understanding needed to fully implement an effective earthquake early warning system.
+
+(5) The geological study of active faults and features can reveal how recently and how frequently major earthquakes have occurred on those faults and how much risk they pose. Such long-term seismic risk assessments are needed in virtually every aspect of earthquake hazards management, whether emergency planning, public regulation, detailed building design, insurance rating, or investment decision.
+
+(6) The vulnerability of buildings, lifeline infrastructure, public works, and industrial and emergency facilities can be reduced through proper earthquake resistant design and construction practices. The economy and efficacy of such procedures can be substantially increased through research and development.
+
+(7) Programs and practices of departments and agencies of the United States are important to the communities they serve; some functions, such as emergency communications and national defense, and lifeline infrastructure, such as dams, bridges, and public works, must remain in service during and after an earthquake. Federally owned, operated, and influenced structures and lifeline infrastructure should serve as models for how to reduce and minimize hazards to the community.
+
+(8) The implementation of earthquake hazards reduction measures would, as an added benefit, also reduce the risk of loss, destruction, and disruption from other natural hazards and manmade hazards, including hurricanes, tornadoes, accidents, explosions, landslides, building and structural cave-ins, and fires.
+
+(9) Reduction of loss, destruction, and disruption from earthquakes will depend on the actions of individuals, and organizations in the private sector and governmental units at Federal, State, and local levels. The current capability to transfer knowledge and information to these sectors is insufficient. Improved mechanisms are needed to translate existing information and research findings into reasonable and usable specifications, criteria, and practices so that individuals, organizations, and governmental units may make informed decisions and take appropriate actions.
+
+(10) Severe earthquakes are a worldwide problem. Since damaging earthquakes occur infrequently in any one nation, international cooperation is desirable for mutual learning from limited experiences.
+
+(11) An effective Federal program in earthquake hazards reduction will require input from and review by persons outside the Federal Government expert in the sciences of earthquake hazards reduction and in the practical application of earthquake hazards reduction measures.
+
+(12) The built environment has generally been constructed and maintained to meet the needs of the users under normal conditions. When earthquakes occur, the built environment is generally designed to prevent severe injuries or loss of human life and is not expected to remain operational or able to recover under any specified schedule.
+
+(13) The National Research Council published a study on reducing hazards and risks associated with earthquakes based on the goals and objectives for achieving national earthquake resilience described in the strategic plan entitled “Strategic Plan for the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program”. The study and an accompanying report called for work in 18 tasks focused on research, preparedness, and mitigation and annual funding of approximately $300,000,000 per year for 20 years.
+
+(Pub. L. 95–124, § 2, Oct. 7, 1977, 91 Stat. 1098; Pub. L. 101–614, § 2, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3231; Pub. L. 115–307, § 2(a), Dec. 11, 2018, 132 Stat. 4408.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments2018—Par. (1). Pub. L. 115–307, § 2(a)(1), inserted “, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico,” after “States”, “Oregon,” after “New York,”, and “Tennessee,” after “South Carolina”. Par. (2)(C). Pub. L. 115–307, § 2(a)(2), struck out “prediction techniques and” before “early-warning systems,”. Par. (4). Pub. L. 115–307, § 2(a)(3), added par. (4) and struck out former par. (4) which read as follows: “A well-funded seismological research program in earthquake prediction could provide data adequate for the design, of an operational system that could predict accurately the time, place, magnitude, and physical effects of earthquakes in selected areas of the United States.” Pars. (6), (7). Pub. L. 115–307, § 2(a)(4), substituted “lifeline infrastructure” for “lifelines” wherever appearing. Pars. (12), (13). Pub. L. 115–307, § 2(a)(5), added pars. (12) and (13). 1990—Pars. (5) to (11). Pub. L. 101–614 added pars. (5) to (7), struck out former pars. (5) and (6), and redesignated former pars. (7) to (10) as (8) to (11), respectively. Prior to amendment, pars. (5) and (6) read as follows: “(5) An operational earthquake prediction system can produce significant social, economic, legal, and political consequences. “(6) There is a scientific basis for hypothesizing that major earthquakes may be moderated, in at least some seismic areas, by application of the findings of earthquake control and seismological research.”
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Short Title of 2018 AmendmentPub. L. 115–307, § 1, Dec. 11, 2018, 132 Stat. 4408, provided that: “This Act [amending this section and sections 7702 to 7704, 7705b, 7705c, and 7705e to 7707 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 7704 of this title] may be cited as the ‘National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program Reauthorization Act of 2018’.”
+
+Short Title of 2004 AmendmentPub. L. 108–360, title I, § 101, Oct. 25, 2004, 118 Stat. 1668, provided that: “This title [amending sections 7703, 7704, and 7706 to 7708 of this title] may be cited as the ‘National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program Reauthorization Act of 2004’.”
+
+Short Title of 2000 AmendmentPub. L. 106–503, title II, § 201, Nov. 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 2304, provided that: “This title [enacting sections 7707 to 7709 of this title, amending sections 7703, 7704, and 7706 of this title, repealing section 7705d of this title, enacting provisions set out as a note under this section, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 7704 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Earthquake Hazards Reduction Authorization Act of 2000’.”
+
+Short Title of 1990 AmendmentPub. L. 101–614, § 1, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3231, provided that: “This Act [enacting sections 7705a to 7705e, amending this section and sections 7702 to 7705, and 7706 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 7704, 7705b, and 7705e of this title] may be cited as the ‘National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program Reauthorization Act’.”
+
+Short TitlePub. L. 95–124, § 1, Oct. 7, 1977, 91 Stat. 1098, provided: “That this Act [enacting this chapter] may be cited as the ‘Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act of 1977’.”
+
+Report on At-Risk PopulationsPub. L. 106–503, title II, § 207, Nov. 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 2307, required the Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency to transmit to Congress a report no later than 1 year after Nov. 13, 2000, describing the elements of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program that specifically addressed the needs of at-risk populations.
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Delegation of Functions Functions of President under Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act of 1977 delegated, transferred, or reassigned to Secretary of Homeland Security pursuant to sections 1–104 and 4–204 of Ex. Ord. No. 12148, July 20, 1979, 44 F.R. 43239, as amended, set out as a note under section 5195 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "42 U.S.C. § 7702"
+description: "Congressional statement of purpose"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 42
+title_name: "THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE"
+chapter_number: "86"
+chapter_name: "EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS REDUCTION"
+section: "7702"
+citation: "42 U.S.C. § 7702"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc42@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t42/s7702"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 42 U.S.C. § 7702 - Congressional statement of purpose
+
+## Text
+
+It is the purpose of the Congress in this chapter to reduce the risks of life and property from future earthquakes and increase the resilience of communities in the United States through the establishment and maintenance of an effective earthquake hazards reduction program. The objectives of such program shall include—
+
+(1) the education of the public, including State and local officials, as to earthquake phenomena, the identification of locations and structures which are especially susceptible to earthquake damage, ways to reduce the adverse consequences of an earthquake to individuals and the communities, and related matters;
+
+(2) the development of technologically and economically feasible design and construction methods and procedures to make new and existing structures, in areas of seismic risk, earthquake resistant, giving priority to the development of such methods and procedures for power generating plants, dams, hospitals, schools, public utilities and other lifeline infrastructure, public safety structures, high occupancy buildings, and other structures which are especially needed to facilitate community-wide post-earthquake recovery and in times of disaster;
+
+(3) the implementation to the greatest extent practicable, in all areas of high or moderate seismic risk, of a system (including personnel, technology, and procedures) for identifying, evaluating, and accurately characterizing seismic hazards;
+
+(4) the development, publication, and promotion, in conjunction with State and local officials and professional organizations, of model building and planning codes and other means to encourage consideration of information about seismic risk in making decisions about land-use policy and construction activity;
+
+(5) the development, in areas of seismic risk, of improved understanding of, and capability with respect to, earthquake-related issues, including methods of mitigating the risks from earthquakes, planning to prevent such risks, disseminating warnings of earthquakes, organization emergency services, and planning for re-occupancy, recovery, reconstruction, and redevelopment after an earthquake;
+
+(6) the development of ways to increase the use of existing scientific and engineering knowledge to mitigate earthquake hazards; and
+
+(7) the development of ways to assure the availability of affordable earthquake insurance.
+
+(Pub. L. 95–124, § 3, Oct. 7, 1977, 91 Stat. 1099; Pub. L. 101–614, § 3, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3231; Pub. L. 115–307, § 2(b), (c)(1)(B), Dec. 11, 2018, 132 Stat. 4408, 4409.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments2018—Pub. L. 115–307, § 2(b)(1), inserted “and increase the resilience of communities” after “future earthquakes” in introductory provisions. Par. (1). Pub. L. 115–307, § 2(b)(2), inserted “to individuals and the communities” after “an earthquake”. Par. (2). Pub. L. 115–307, § 2(b)(3), (c)(1)(B), substituted “lifeline infrastructure” for “lifelines” and “to facilitate community-wide post-earthquake recovery and in times of disaster” for “in time of disaster”. Par. (3). Pub. L. 115–307, § 2(b)(4), struck out “for predicting damaging earthquakes and” before “for identifying,”. Par. (4). Pub. L. 115–307, § 2(b)(5), inserted “and planning” after “model building”. Par. (5). Pub. L. 115–307, § 2(b)(6), substituted “re-occupancy, recovery, reconstruction,” for “reconstruction”. 1990—Pub. L. 101–614 inserted sentence at end, listing objectives of program.
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "42 U.S.C. § 7703"
+description: "Definitions"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 42
+title_name: "THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE"
+chapter_number: "86"
+chapter_name: "EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS REDUCTION"
+section: "7703"
+citation: "42 U.S.C. § 7703"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc42@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t42/s7703"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-42/usc42.xml"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 42 U.S.C. § 7703 - Definitions
+
+## Text
+
+As used in this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires:
+
+(1) The term “includes” and variants thereof should be read as if the phrase “but is not limited to” were also set forth.
+
+(2) The term “Program” means the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program established under section 7704 of this title.
+
+(3) The term “seismic” and variants thereof mean having to do with, or caused by earthquakes.
+
+(4) The term “State” means each of the States of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Mariana Islands, and any other territory or possession of the United States.
+
+(5) The term “United States” means, when used in a geographical sense, all of the States as defined in paragraph (4).
+
+(6) The term “lifeline infrastructure” means public works and utilities, including transportation facilities and infrastructure, oil and gas pipelines, electrical power and communication facilities and infrastructure, and water supply and sewage treatment facilities.
+
+(7) The term “Program agencies” means the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the United States Geological Survey, the National Science Foundation, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
+
+(8) The term “Interagency Coordinating Committee” means the Interagency Coordinating Committee on Earthquake Hazards Reduction established under section 7704(a) of this title.
+
+(9) The term “Advisory Committee” means the Advisory Committee established under section 7704(a)(5) of this title.
+
+(10) The term “community resilience” means the ability of a community to prepare and plan for, absorb, recover from, and more successfully adapt to adverse seismic events.
+
+(Pub. L. 95–124, § 4, Oct. 7, 1977, 91 Stat. 1099; Pub. L. 101–614, § 4, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3232; Pub. L. 106–503, title II, § 209, Nov. 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 2308; Pub. L. 108–360, title I, § 102, Oct. 25, 2004, 118 Stat. 1668; Pub. L. 115–307, § 2(c)(1)(A), (2), Dec. 11, 2018, 132 Stat. 4409.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments2018—Par. (6). Pub. L. 115–307, § 2(c)(1)(A), substituted “lifeline infrastructure” for “lifelines”. Par. (10). Pub. L. 115–307, § 2(c)(2), added par. (10). 2004—Pars. (8), (9). Pub. L. 108–360 added pars. (8) and (9). 2000—Par. (6). Pub. L. 106–503 inserted “and infrastructure” after “communication facilities”. 1990—Par. (2). Pub. L. 101–614, § 4(1), amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: “The term ‘program’ means the earthquake hazards reduction program established under section 7704 of this title.” Pars. (6), (7). Pub. L. 101–614, § 4(2), added pars. (6) and (7).
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Transfer of Functions For transfer of all functions, personnel, assets, components, authorities, grant programs, and liabilities of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, including the functions of the Under Secretary for Federal Emergency Management relating thereto, to the Federal Emergency Management Agency, see section 315(a)(1) of Title 6, Domestic Security. For transfer of functions, personnel, assets, and liabilities of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, including the functions of the Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency relating thereto, to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see former section 313(1) and sections 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "42 U.S.C. § 7704a"
+description: "Report on seismic safety property standards"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 42
+title_name: "THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE"
+chapter_number: "86"
+chapter_name: "EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS REDUCTION"
+section: "7704a"
+citation: "42 U.S.C. § 7704a"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc42@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t42/s7704a"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-42/usc42.xml"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 42 U.S.C. § 7704a - Report on seismic safety property standards
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Authority The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (in this section referred to as the “Secretary”) shall assess the risk of earthquake-related damage to properties assisted under programs administered by the Secretary and shall develop seismic safety standards for such properties. This section may not be construed to prohibit the Secretary from deferring to local building codes that meet the requirements of the seismic safety standards developed under this section.
+
+(b) Standards The standards shall be designed to reduce the risk of loss of life to building occupants to the maximum extent feasible and to reduce the risk of shake-related property damage to the maximum extent practicable.
+
+(c) Consultation In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall consult with the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency and may utilize the resources under the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (established under the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act of 1977 [42 U.S.C. 7701 et seq.]) and any other resources as may be required to carry out the activities under this section.
+
+(Pub. L. 101–625, title IX, § 947, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4416; Pub. L. 109–295, title VI, § 612(c), Oct. 4, 2006, 120 Stat. 1410.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThe Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act of 1977, referred to in subsec. (c), is Pub. L. 95–124, Oct. 7, 1977, 91 Stat. 1098, which is classified generally to this chapter (§ 7701 et seq.). For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 7701 of this title and Tables.
+
+Codification Subsec. (d) of this section, which required the Secretary to submit a report to Congress not less than biennially on the findings of the risk assessment study conducted under this section and the activities undertaken, and the expenditures made, by the Secretary to carry out this section and Executive Order No. 12699, terminated, effective May 15, 2000, pursuant to section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance. See, also, the 4th item on page 104 of House Document No. 103–7. Section was enacted as part of the Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act, and not as part of the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act of 1977 which comprises this chapter.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Change of Name “Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency” substituted for “Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency” in subsec. (c) on authority of section 612(c) of Pub. L. 109–295, set out as a note under section 313 of Title 6, Domestic Security. Any reference to the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency in title VI of Pub. L. 109–295 or an amendment by title VI to be considered to refer and apply to the Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency until Mar. 31, 2007, see section 612(f)(2) of Pub. L. 109–295, set out as a note under section 313 of Title 6.
+
+Transfer of Functions For transfer of all functions, personnel, assets, components, authorities, grant programs, and liabilities of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, including the functions of the Under Secretary for Federal Emergency Management relating thereto, to the Federal Emergency Management Agency, see section 315(a)(1) of Title 6, Domestic Security. For transfer of functions, personnel, assets, and liabilities of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, including the functions of the Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency relating thereto, to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see former section 313(1) and sections 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "42 U.S.C. § 7705b"
+description: "Seismic standards"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 42
+title_name: "THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE"
+chapter_number: "86"
+chapter_name: "EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS REDUCTION"
+section: "7705b"
+citation: "42 U.S.C. § 7705b"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc42@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t42/s7705b"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-42/usc42.xml"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 42 U.S.C. § 7705b - Seismic standards
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Assessment and recommendations Not later than December 1, 2019, the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency shall jointly convene a committee of experts from Federal agencies, nongovernmental organizations, private sector entities, disaster management professional associations, engineering professional associations, and professional construction and homebuilding industry associations, to assess and recommend options for improving the built environment and critical infrastructure to reflect performance goals stated in terms of post-earthquake reoccupancy and functional recovery time.
+
+(b) Report to Congress Not later than June 30, 2020, the committee convened under paragraph (1) shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, the Committee on Natural Resources, and the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives a report on recommended options for improving the built environment and critical infrastructure to reflect performance goals stated in terms of post-earthquake reoccupancy and functional recovery time.
+
+(Pub. L. 95–124, § 8, as added Pub. L. 101–614, § 8(a), Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3237; amended Pub. L. 115–307, § 5, Dec. 11, 2018, 132 Stat. 4415.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments2018—Pub. L. 115–307 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to adoption of seismic safety standards.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Report on Vulnerability of Buildings Owned and Leased by GovernmentPub. L. 101–614, § 8(b), Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3238, directed Comptroller General, not later than 18 months after Nov. 16, 1990, to report to Congress on vulnerability of buildings owned and leased by the Federal Government and on efforts of Federal agencies to improve the seismic resistance of buildings they own or lease, and for each such agency, the Comptroller General to enumerate the number of buildings owned or leased by the agency, the seriousness of the seismic risk to such buildings, and the value of the buildings at risk, as well as tabulate the expenditures each such agency had devoted to reducing earthquake damage and estimate the total expenditure necessary to address the problem adequately.
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Executive Order No. 12941 Ex. Ord. No. 12941, Dec. 1, 1994, 59 F.R. 62545, which related to seismic safety of existing federally owned or leased buildings, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13717, § 5, Feb. 2, 2016, 81 F.R. 6409, set out as a note under section 7704 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "42 U.S.C. § 7705c"
+description: "Acceptance of gifts"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 42
+title_name: "THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE"
+chapter_number: "86"
+chapter_name: "EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS REDUCTION"
+section: "7705c"
+citation: "42 U.S.C. § 7705c"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc42@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t42/s7705c"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-42/usc42.xml"
+source_hash: "42abf8582d248dabd088d523e056625cfee8d2e04013f0036eaf9483cf4b76ef"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "644321055a08eb1f260a6a3e31ac157fa024756abf612a9fd6857e7e400cf24e"
+text_hash: "a68a16df38a8f00d274c799849f7f5618705ac1b6c093ef3bf6266562c87b0f4"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 42 U.S.C. § 7705c - Acceptance of gifts
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Authority In furtherance of the purposes of this chapter, the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency may accept and use bequests, gifts, or donations of services, money, or property, notwithstanding section 1342 of title 31.
+
+(b) Criteria The Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency shall establish by regulation criteria for determining whether to accept bequests, gifts, or donations of services, money, or property. Such criteria shall take into consideration whether the acceptance of the bequest, gift, or donation would reflect unfavorably on the Director’s 11 So in original. Probably should be “Administrator’s”. ability to carry out his responsibilities in a fair and objective manner, or would compromise the integrity of, or the appearance of the integrity of, the Program or any official involved in administering the Program.
+
+(Pub. L. 95–124, § 9, as added Pub. L. 101–614, § 9, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3238; amended Pub. L. 115–307, § 8(a)(2), Dec. 11, 2018, 132 Stat. 4417.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification In subsec. (a), “section 1342 of title 31” was substituted for “section 3679 of the Revised Statutes (31 U.S.C. 1342)” on authority of Pub. L. 97–258, § 4(b), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1067, the first section of which enacted Title 31, Money and Finance.
+
+Amendments2018—Pub. L. 115–307 substituted “Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency” for “Director of the Agency” in subsecs. (a) and (b).
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Transfer of Functions For transfer of all functions, personnel, assets, components, authorities, grant programs, and liabilities of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, including the functions of the Under Secretary for Federal Emergency Management relating thereto, to the Federal Emergency Management Agency, see section 315(a)(1) of Title 6, Domestic Security. For transfer of functions, personnel, assets, and liabilities of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, including the functions of the Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency relating thereto, to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see former section 313(1) and sections 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "42 U.S.C. § 7705d"
+description: "Repealed. Pub. L. 106–503, title II, § 203, Nov. 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 2305"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 42
+title_name: "THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE"
+chapter_number: "86"
+chapter_name: "EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS REDUCTION"
+section: "7705d"
+citation: "42 U.S.C. § 7705d"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc42@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t42/s7705d"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-42/usc42.xml"
+source_hash: "a2be09be87ccca4e5dc722150d74748fc5f986bff8ec66d8e009d0bba7ae0018"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "644321055a08eb1f260a6a3e31ac157fa024756abf612a9fd6857e7e400cf24e"
+text_hash: "760761178298e3bf31785db18ea12a6c83fe10864068f56f7c09ee54e2395fad"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 42 U.S.C. § 7705d - Repealed. Pub. L. 106–503, title II, § 203, Nov. 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 2305
+
+## Notes
+
+Section, Pub. L. 95–124, § 10, as added Pub. L. 101–614, § 10, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3238, related to non-Federal cost sharing for supplemental funds.
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "42 U.S.C. § 7705e"
+description: "Post-earthquake investigations program"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 42
+title_name: "THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE"
+chapter_number: "86"
+chapter_name: "EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS REDUCTION"
+section: "7705e"
+citation: "42 U.S.C. § 7705e"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc42@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t42/s7705e"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-42/usc42.xml"
+source_hash: "9eef360a560e5e4b048f6f9c4c01d7f92af50a1500bbf8752e063b53a01d7a6c"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "644321055a08eb1f260a6a3e31ac157fa024756abf612a9fd6857e7e400cf24e"
+text_hash: "a3b2f0ed874abffe40e8d6c9337c6775739ead70f01bf615d12fe51c8a67ae84"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 42 U.S.C. § 7705e - Post-earthquake investigations program
+
+## Text
+
+There is established within the United States Geological Survey a post-earthquake investigations program, the purpose of which is to investigate major earthquakes, so as to learn lessons which can be applied to reduce the loss of lives and property in future earthquakes. The United States Geological Survey, in consultation with each Program agency, shall organize investigations to study the implications of the earthquake in the areas of responsibility of each Program agency. The investigations shall begin as rapidly as possible and may be conducted by grantees and contractors. The Program agencies shall ensure that the results of investigations are disseminated widely. The Director of the Survey is authorized to utilize earthquake expertise from the Agency, the National Science Foundation, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, other Federal agencies, and private contractors, on a reimbursable basis, in the conduct of such earthquake investigations. At a minimum, investigations under this section shall include—
+
+(1) analysis by the National Science Foundation and the United States Geological Survey of the causes of the earthquake and the nature of the resulting ground motion;
+
+(2) analysis by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute of Standards and Technology of the behavior of structures and lifeline infrastructure, both those that were damaged and those that were undamaged; and
+
+(3) analysis by each of the Program agencies of the effectiveness of the earthquake hazards mitigation programs and actions relating to its area of responsibility under the Program, and how those programs and actions could be strengthened.
+
+(Pub. L. 95–124, § 11, as added Pub. L. 101–614, § 11(a), Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3239; amended Pub. L. 115–307, § 2(c)(1)(B), Dec. 11, 2018, 132 Stat. 4409.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments2018—Par. (2). Pub. L. 115–307 substituted “lifeline infrastructure” for “lifelines”.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Transfer of Functions For transfer of all functions, personnel, assets, components, authorities, grant programs, and liabilities of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, including the functions of the Under Secretary for Federal Emergency Management relating thereto, to the Federal Emergency Management Agency, see section 315(a)(1) of Title 6, Domestic Security. For transfer of functions, personnel, assets, and liabilities of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, including the functions of the Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency relating thereto, to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see former section 313(1) and sections 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.
+
+Report on Funding of ProgramPub. L. 101–614, § 11(b), Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3239, directed Director of Federal Emergency Management Agency in consultation with other agencies of National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program, not later than one year after Nov. 16, 1990, to report to Congress on possible options for funding a program for post-earthquake investigations, which would, at a minimum, consider funding such a program either by setting aside a percentage of disaster relief funds provided by Federal Emergency Management Agency after a major earthquake or by a revolving fund, and which would also include a recommendation on how the funding for such investigations would be allocated among the other Program agencies.
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "42 U.S.C. § 7707"
+description: "Advanced National Seismic System"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 42
+title_name: "THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE"
+chapter_number: "86"
+chapter_name: "EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS REDUCTION"
+section: "7707"
+citation: "42 U.S.C. § 7707"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc42@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t42/s7707"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-42/usc42.xml"
+source_hash: "9071ca8356df85038fa337889752176b7868905cf7d5e71636920a48ad52550a"
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+text_hash: "bc6fb25c626df167a6c56a4e6ab475fdb2f3d8a2cc2558c71e9151be4983060b"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 42 U.S.C. § 7707 - Advanced National Seismic System
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Establishment The Director of the United States Geological Survey shall establish and operate an Advanced National Seismic System. The purpose of such system shall be to organize, modernize, standardize, and stabilize the national, regional, and urban seismic monitoring systems in the United States, including sensors, recorders, and data analysis centers, into a coordinated system that will measure and record the full range of frequencies and amplitudes exhibited by seismic waves, in order to enhance earthquake research and warning capabilities.
+
+(b) Management plan Not later than 90 days after November 13, 2000, the Director of the United States Geological Survey shall transmit to the Congress a 5-year management plan for establishing and operating the Advanced National Seismic System. The plan shall include annual cost estimates for both modernization and operation, milestones, standards, and performance goals, as well as plans for securing the participation of all existing networks in the Advanced National Seismic System and for establishing new, or enhancing existing, partnerships to leverage resources.
+
+(Pub. L. 95–124, § 13, as added Pub. L. 106–503, title II, § 204, Nov. 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 2305; amended Pub. L. 108–360, title I, § 104(b), Oct. 25, 2004, 118 Stat. 1675; Pub. L. 115–307, § 8(b), Dec. 11, 2018, 132 Stat. 4417.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments2018—Pub. L. 115–307 substituted “Advanced National Seismic System” for “Advanced National Seismic Research and Monitoring System” in section catchline and wherever appearing in text. 2004—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 108–360 struck out subsec. (c) which related to authorization of appropriations.
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "42 U.S.C. § 7708"
+description: "Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 42
+title_name: "THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE"
+chapter_number: "86"
+chapter_name: "EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS REDUCTION"
+section: "7708"
+citation: "42 U.S.C. § 7708"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc42@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t42/s7708"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-42/usc42.xml"
+source_hash: "902821a32ec1e41baba06474621148f1e9999ea984ebf9fe0b6182ee7ad0c2e9"
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+text_hash: "2e43ec1974d43e121d2dc7617af2bf19fe5b4de9a9ae9ca52cc47032f2dc5309"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 42 U.S.C. § 7708 - Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Establishment The Director of the National Science Foundation shall establish the George E. Brown, Jr. Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation that will upgrade, link, and integrate a system of geographically distributed experimental facilities for earthquake engineering testing of full-sized structures and their components and partial-scale physical models. The system shall be integrated through networking software so that integrated models and databases can be used to create model-based simulation, and the components of the system shall be interconnected with a computer network and allow for remote access, information sharing, and collaborative research.
+
+(b) Authorization of appropriations In addition to amounts appropriated under section 7706(c) of this title, there are authorized to be appropriated to the National Science Foundation for the George E. Brown, Jr. Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation—
+
+(1) $28,200,000 for fiscal year 2001;
+
+(2) $24,400,000 for fiscal year 2002;
+
+(3) $4,500,000 for fiscal year 2003;
+
+(4) $17,000,000 for fiscal year 2004;
+
+(5) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2005, all of which shall be available for operations and maintenance;
+
+(6) $20,400,000 for fiscal year 2006, all of which shall be available for operations and maintenance;
+
+(7) $20,870,000 for fiscal year 2007, all of which shall be available for operations and maintenance;
+
+(8) $21,390,000 for fiscal year 2008, all of which shall be available for operations and maintenance; and
+
+(9) $21,930,000 for fiscal year 2009, all of which shall be available for operations and maintenance.
+
+(Pub. L. 95–124, § 14, as added Pub. L. 106–503, title II, § 205, Nov. 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 2306; amended Pub. L. 108–360, title I, § 104(c), Oct. 25, 2004, 118 Stat. 1675.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments2004—Subsec. (b)(5) to (9). Pub. L. 108–360 added pars. (5) to (9).
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "42 U.S.C. § 7709"
+description: "Scientific Earthquake Studies Advisory Committee"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 42
+title_name: "THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE"
+chapter_number: "86"
+chapter_name: "EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS REDUCTION"
+section: "7709"
+citation: "42 U.S.C. § 7709"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc42@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t42/s7709"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-42/usc42.xml"
+source_hash: "ae9dc6c4adeae5c1cd36273313d8c62506bce36c4eb582f24914d4b4eaeaff61"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "644321055a08eb1f260a6a3e31ac157fa024756abf612a9fd6857e7e400cf24e"
+text_hash: "3c9f2198bae0de3680af866add41da9c8ed422604e06919ace96af5d9ed7d105"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 42 U.S.C. § 7709 - Scientific Earthquake Studies Advisory Committee
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Establishment The Director of the United States Geological Survey shall establish a Scientific Earthquake Studies Advisory Committee.
+
+(b) Organization The Director shall establish procedures for selection of individuals not employed by the Federal Government who are qualified in the seismic sciences and other appropriate fields and may, pursuant to such procedures, select up to 10 individuals, one of whom shall be designated Chairman, to serve on the Advisory Committee. Selection of individuals for the Advisory Committee shall be based solely on established records of distinguished service, and the Director shall ensure that a reasonable cross-section of views and expertise is represented. In selecting individuals to serve on the Advisory Committee, the Director shall seek and give due consideration to recommendations from the National Academy of Sciences, professional societies, and other appropriate organizations.
+
+(c) Meetings The Advisory Committee shall meet at such times and places as may be designated by the Chairman in consultation with the Director.
+
+(d) Duties The Advisory Committee shall advise the Director on matters relating to the United States Geological Survey’s participation in the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program, including the United States Geological Survey’s roles, goals, and objectives within that Program, its capabilities and research needs, guidance on achieving major objectives, and establishing and measuring performance goals. The Advisory Committee shall issue an annual report to the Director for submission to Congress on or before September 30 of each year. The report shall describe the Advisory Committee’s activities and address policy issues or matters that affect the United States Geological Survey’s participation in the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program.
+
+(Pub. L. 106–503, title II, § 210, Nov. 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 2308.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification Section was enacted as part of the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Authorization Act of 2000, and not as part of the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act of 1977 which comprises this chapter.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Termination of Advisory CommitteesAdvisory committees established after Jan. 5, 1973, to terminate not later than the expiration of the 2-year period beginning on the date of their establishment, unless, in the case of a committee established by the President or an officer of the Federal Government, such committee is renewed by appropriate action prior to the expiration of such 2-year period, or in the case of a committee established by the Congress, its duration is otherwise provided for by law. See section 1013 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.