Legal corpus: the complete U.S. Code (59,740 sections, all 53 titles)

Ingested titles 12–51 and 54 from OLRC USLM XML @119-100 (the whole Code now, uniform edition; Title 53 is reserved/empty). LegalText 11,221 -> 59,740; repo total 105,704 records. Deterministic (byte-identical rerun, verified on Title 42's 8,356 sections); make check green. make legal-us-code default now covers every title. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "43 U.S.C. § 31a"
+description: "Findings and purpose"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 43
+title_name: "PUBLIC LANDS"
+chapter_number: "2"
+chapter_name: "UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY"
+section: "31a"
+citation: "43 U.S.C. § 31a"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc43@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t43/s31a"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-43/usc43.xml"
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+text_hash: "2cac09d4de1cbefe325021bfee89648595b47ef80c0d5fa550fd6b6bbbdada8b"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 43 U.S.C. § 31a - Findings and purpose
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Findings The Congress finds and declares that—
+
+(1) although significant progress has been made in the production of geologic maps since the establishment of the national cooperative geologic mapping program in 1992, no modern, digital, geologic map exists for approximately 75 percent of the United States;
+
+(2) geologic maps are the primary data base for virtually all applied and basic earth-science investigations, including—
+
+(A) exploration for and development of mineral, energy, and water resources;
+
+(B) screening and characterizing sites for toxic and nuclear waste disposal;
+
+(C) land use evaluation and planning for homeland and environmental protection;
+
+(D) earthquake hazards reduction;
+
+(E) identifying volcanic hazards;
+
+(F) design and construction of infrastructure requirements such as utility lifelines, transportation corridors, and surface-water impoundments;
+
+(G) reducing losses from landslides and other ground failures;
+
+(H) mitigating effects of coastal and stream erosion;
+
+(I) siting of critical facilities;
+
+(J) recreation and public awareness; and
+
+(K) basic earth-science research;
+
+(3) Federal agencies, State and local governments, private industry, and the general public depend on the information provided by geologic maps to determine the extent of potential environmental damage before embarking on projects that could lead to preventable, costly environmental problems or litigation;
+
+(4) the combined capabilities of State, Federal, and academic groups to provide geologic mapping are not sufficient to meet the present and future needs of the United States for national security, environmental protection, and energy self-sufficiency of the Nation;
+
+(5) States are willing to contribute 50 percent of the funding necessary to complete the mapping of the geology within the State;
+
+(6) the lack of proper geologic maps has led to the poor design of such structures as dams and waste-disposal facilities;
+
+(7) geologic maps have proven indispensable in the search for needed fossil-fuel and mineral resources;
+
+(8) geologic map information is required for the sustainable and balanced development of natural resources of all types, including energy, minerals, land, water, and biological resources;
+
+(9) advances in digital technology and geographical information system science have made geologic map databases increasingly available as decision support tools for land and resource management; and
+
+(10) a comprehensive nationwide program of geologic mapping of surficial and bedrock deposits is required in order to systematically build the Nation’s geologic-map data base at a pace that responds to increasing demand.
+
+(b) Purpose The purpose of sections 31a to 31h of this title is to expedite the production of a geologic-map data base for the Nation, to be located within the United States Geological Survey, which can be applied to land-use management, assessment, and utilization, conservation of natural resources, groundwater management, and environmental protection and management.
+
+(Pub. L. 102–285, § 2, May 18, 1992, 106 Stat. 166; Pub. L. 106–148, § 2, Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1719; Pub. L. 111–11, title XI, § 11001(a), (b), Mar. 30, 2009, 123 Stat. 1414.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextSections 31a to 31h of this title, referred to in subsec. (b), was in the original “this Act”, meaning Pub. L. 102–285, known as the National Geologic Mapping Act of 1992, which is classified principally to sections 31a to 31h of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note below and Tables.
+
+Amendments2009—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 111–11, § 11001(a)(1), added par. (1) and struck out former par. (1) which read as follows: “during the past 2 decades, the production of geologic maps has been drastically curtailed;”. Subsec. (a)(2)(C). Pub. L. 111–11, § 11001(a)(2)(A), inserted “homeland and” after “planning for”. Subsec. (a)(2)(E). Pub. L. 111–11, § 11001(a)(2)(B), substituted “identifying” for “predicting”. Subsec. (a)(2)(J), (K). Pub. L. 111–11, § 11001(a)(2)(C)–(E), added subpar. (J) and redesignated former subpar. (J) as (K). Subsec. (a)(9). Pub. L. 111–11, § 11001(a)(3), substituted “available” for “important”. Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 111–11, § 11001(b), inserted “and management” before period at end. 1999—Subsec. (a)(8) to (10). Pub. L. 106–148 added pars. (8) and (9) and redesignated former par. (8) as (10) and inserted “of surficial and bedrock deposits” after “geologic mapping”.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Short Title of 1999 AmendmentPub. L. 106–148, § 1, Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1719, provided that: “This Act [enacting sections 31e, 31g and 31h of this title, amending sections 31a to 31d and 31f of this title, and repealing former sections 31e, 31g, and 31h of this title] may be cited as the ‘National Geologic Mapping Reauthorization Act of 1999’.”
+
+Short Title of 1997 AmendmentPub. L. 105–36, § 1, Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 1107, provided that: “This Act [amending sections 31b to 31h of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under this section] may be cited as the ‘National Geologic Mapping Reauthorization Act of 1997’.”
+
+Short TitlePub. L. 102–285, § 1, May 18, 1992, 106 Stat. 166, provided that: “This Act [enacting this section and sections 31b to 31h of this title, amending sections 1457, 1457a, and 1782 of this title, sections 450ii–3, 665, 1133, and 3151 of Title 16, Conservation, section 262k of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse, section 1677 of Title 25, Indians, sections 1, 1a, 2, 3, 4, 4c, 4d, 5, 6, 7, 8, 411, 412, 804, 812, 871, 878, 1224, 1229, 1232, 1311, 1315, and 1604 of Title 30, Mineral Lands and Mining, and sections 5814 and 6505 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, enacting provisions set out as notes under section 31 of this title and section 1 of Title 30, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 1231 of Title 30] may be cited as the ‘National Geologic Mapping Act of 1992’.”
+
+FindingsPub. L. 105–36, § 2, Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 1107, provided that: “Congress finds that— “(1) in enacting the National Geologic Mapping Act of 1992 (43 U.S.C. 31a et seq.), Congress found, among other things, that—“(A) during the 2 decades preceding enactment of that Act, the production of geologic maps had been drastically curtailed; “(B) geologic maps are the primary data base for virtually all applied and basic earth-science investigations; “(C) Federal agencies, State and local governments, private industry, and the general public depend on the information provided by geologic maps to determine the extent of potential environmental damage before embarking on projects that could lead to preventable, costly environmental problems or litigation; “(D) the lack of proper geologic maps has led to the poor design of such structures as dams and waste-disposal facilities; “(E) geologic maps have proven indispensable in the search for needed fossil fuel and mineral resources; and “(F) a comprehensive nationwide program of geologic mapping is required in order to systematically build the Nation’s geologic-map data base at a pace that responds to increasing demand; “(2) the geologic mapping program called for by that Act has not been fully implemented; and “(3) it is time for this important program to be fully implemented.”
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "43 U.S.C. § 31b"
+description: "Definitions"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 43
+title_name: "PUBLIC LANDS"
+chapter_number: "2"
+chapter_name: "UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY"
+section: "31b"
+citation: "43 U.S.C. § 31b"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc43@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t43/s31b"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-43/usc43.xml"
+source_hash: "5b0fcd31eb77ce93a9e6fef64122330904ac13a5a79625edff426159e6c6f412"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 43 U.S.C. § 31b - Definitions
+
+## Text
+
+In sections 31a to 31h of this title:
+
+(1) Advisory committee The term “advisory committee” means the advisory committee established under section 31d of this title.
+
+(2) Association The term “Association” means the Association of American State Geologists.
+
+(3) Director The term “Director” means the Director of the United States Geological Survey.
+
+(4) Education component The term “education component” means the education component of the geologic mapping program described in section 31c(d)(3) of this title.
+
+(5) Federal component The term “Federal component” means the Federal component of the geologic mapping program described in section 31c(d)(1) of this title.
+
+(6) Geologic mapping program The term “geologic mapping program” means the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program established by section 31c(a) of this title.
+
+(7) Secretary The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of the Interior.
+
+(8) State The term “State” includes the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, American Samoa, Guam, and the Virgin Islands.
+
+(9) State component The term “State component” means the State component of the geologic mapping program described in section 31c(d)(2) of this title.
+
+(10) Survey The term “Survey” means the United States Geological Survey.
+
+(Pub. L. 102–285, § 3, May 18, 1992, 106 Stat. 167; Pub. L. 105–36, § 3(a), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 1107; Pub. L. 106–148, § 3, Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1719; Pub. L. 116–9, title V, § 5002(c), Mar. 12, 2019, 133 Stat. 768.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextSections 31a to 31h of this title, referred to in text, was in the original “this Act”, meaning Pub. L. 102–285, known as the National Geologic Mapping Act of 1992, which is classified principally to sections 31a to 31h of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 31a of this title and Tables.
+
+Amendments2019—Par. (4). Pub. L. 116–9, § 5002(c)(1), substituted “section 31c(d)(3)” for “section 31e(d)(3)”. Par. (5). Pub. L. 116–9, § 5002(c)(2), substituted “section 31c(d)(1)” for “section 31e(d)(1)”. Par. (9). Pub. L. 116–9, § 5002(c)(3), substituted “section 31c(d)(2)” for “section 31e(d)(2)”. 1999—Pars. (4) to (10). Pub. L. 106–148 added pars. (4), (5), and (9) and redesignated former pars. (4), (5), (6), and (7) as (6), (7), (8), and (10), respectively. 1997—Pub. L. 105–36, § 3(a)(1), substituted “In sections 31a to 31h of this title:” for “As used in sections 31a to 31h of this title:” in introductory provisions. Par. (1). Pub. L. 105–36, § 3(a)(5), inserted heading. Par. (2). Pub. L. 105–36, § 3(a)(2), (3), added par. (2). Former par. (2) redesignated (3). Pars. (3) to (5). Pub. L. 105–36, § 3(a)(2), (5), redesignated pars. (2) to (4) as (3) to (5), respectively, and inserted headings. Par. (5) redesignated (7). Par. (6). Pub. L. 105–36, § 3(a)(4), added par. (6). Par. (7). Pub. L. 105–36, § 3(a)(2), (5), redesignated par. (5) as (7) and inserted heading.
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "43 U.S.C. § 31d"
+description: "Advisory committee"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 43
+title_name: "PUBLIC LANDS"
+chapter_number: "2"
+chapter_name: "UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY"
+section: "31d"
+citation: "43 U.S.C. § 31d"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc43@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t43/s31d"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-43/usc43.xml"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 43 U.S.C. § 31d - Advisory committee
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Establishment (1) In general There shall be established a 11-member geologic mapping advisory committee to advise the Director on planning and implementation of the geologic mapping program.
+
+(2) Members ex officio Federal agency members shall include the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency or a designee, the Secretary of the Interior or a designee from a land management agency of the Department of the Interior, the Secretary of Energy or a designee, and the Secretary of Agriculture or a designee.
+
+(3) Appointed members In consultation with the Association, the Secretary shall appoint to the advisory committee two representatives from the Survey (including the Associate Director for Core Science Systems, as Chair), two representatives from the State geological surveys, one representative from academia, and 2 representatives from the private sector.
+
+(b) Duties The advisory committee shall—
+
+(1) review and update the 5-year plan prepared by the Director pursuant to section 31e of this title;
+
+(2) review the scientific progress of the geologic mapping program;
+
+(3) provide a scientific overview of geologic maps (including maps of geologic-based hazards) used or disseminated by Federal agencies for regulation or land-use planning; and
+
+(4) submit an annual report to the Secretary that evaluates the progress of the Federal, State, and university mapping activities and evaluates the progress made toward fulfilling the purposes of sections 31c through 31f of this title.
+
+(Pub. L. 102–285, § 5, May 18, 1992, 106 Stat. 169; Pub. L. 105–36, § 3(c), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 1110; Pub. L. 106–148, § 5, Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1722; Pub. L. 111–11, title XI, § 11001(f), Mar. 30, 2009, 123 Stat. 1415; Pub. L. 116–9, title V, § 5002(b), Mar. 12, 2019, 133 Stat. 768.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments2019—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 116–9 substituted “Associate Director for Core Science Systems” for “Associate Director for Geology”. 2009—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 111–11, § 11001(f)(3), substituted “11-member” for “10-member”. Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 111–11, § 11001(f)(1)(A), inserted “the Secretary of the Interior or a designee from a land management agency of the Department of the Interior,” after “Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency or a designee,”, inserted “and” after “Energy or a designee,”, and struck out “, and the Assistant to the President for Science and Technology or a designee” before period at end. Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 111–11, § 11001(f)(1)(B), substituted “In consultation” for “Not later than 1 year after December 9, 1999, in consultation”, “Associate Director for Geology, as Chair” for “Chief Geologist, as Chairman”, and “2 representatives from the private sector” for “one representative from the private sector”. Subsec. (b)(3), (4). Pub. L. 111–11, § 11001(f)(2), added par. (3) and redesignated former par. (3) as (4). 1999—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 106–148, § 5(1), substituted “1 year after December 9, 1999,” for “90 days after August 5, 1997,”. Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 106–148, § 5(2)(A), substituted “update the 5-year plan” for “critique the draft implementation plan”. Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 106–148, § 5(2)(B), substituted “sections 31c through 31f of this title” for “sections 31a to 31h of this title”. 1997—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–36, § 3(c)(1), added subsec. (a) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (a). Text read as follows: “There shall be established a sixteen member geologic mapping advisory committee to advise the Director on planning and implementation of the geologic mapping program. The President shall appoint one representative each from the Environmental Protection Agency, the Department of Energy, the Department of Agriculture, and the Office of Science and Technology Policy. Within 90 days and with the advice and consultation of the State Geological Surveys, the Secretary shall appoint to the advisory committee 2 representatives from the Survey (including the Chief Geologist, as Chairman), 4 representatives from the State geological surveys, 3 representatives from academia, and 3 representatives from the private sector.” Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 105–36, § 3(c)(2), substituted “Federal, State, and university mapping activities” for “Federal and State mapping activities”.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Termination of Advisory CommitteesAdvisory committees established after Jan. 5, 1973, to terminate not later than the expiration of the 2-year period beginning on the date of their establishment, unless, in the case of a committee established by the President or an officer of the Federal Government, such committee is renewed by appropriate action prior to the expiration of such 2-year period, or in the case of a committee established by Congress, its duration is otherwise provided by law, see section 1013 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "43 U.S.C. § 31e"
+description: "Geologic mapping program 5-year plan"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 43
+title_name: "PUBLIC LANDS"
+chapter_number: "2"
+chapter_name: "UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY"
+section: "31e"
+citation: "43 U.S.C. § 31e"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc43@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t43/s31e"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-43/usc43.xml"
+source_hash: "79ee445aabb1e2c3b5a3434c0182c077fcf80c6916468215acaa730fba0cb39e"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 43 U.S.C. § 31e - Geologic mapping program 5-year plan
+
+## Text
+
+(a) In general The Secretary, acting through the Director, shall, with the advice and review of the advisory committee, prepare a 5-year plan for the geologic mapping program.
+
+(b) Requirements The 5-year plan shall identify—
+
+(1) overall priorities for the geologic mapping program; and
+
+(2) implementation of the overall management structure and operation of the geologic mapping program, including—
+
+(A) the role of the Survey in the capacity of overall management lead, including the responsibility for developing the national geologic mapping program that meets Federal needs while fostering State needs;
+
+(B) the responsibilities of the State geological surveys, with emphasis on mechanisms that incorporate the needs, missions, capabilities, and requirements of the State geological surveys, into the nationwide geologic mapping program;
+
+(C) mechanisms for identifying short- and long-term priorities for each component of the geologic mapping program, including—
+
+(i) for the Federal component, a priority-setting mechanism that responds to—
+
+(I) Federal mission requirements for geologic map information;
+
+(II) critical scientific problems that require geologic maps for their resolution; and
+
+(III) shared Federal and State needs for geologic maps, in which joint Federal-State geologic mapping projects are in the national interest;
+
+(ii) for the State component, a priority-setting mechanism that responds to—
+
+(I) specific intrastate needs for geologic map information; and
+
+(II) interstate needs shared by adjacent States that have common requirements; and
+
+(iii) for the education component, a priority-setting mechanism that responds to requirements for geologic map information that are dictated by Federal and State mission requirements;
+
+(D) a mechanism for adopting scientific and technical mapping standards for preparing and publishing general- and special-purpose geologic maps to—
+
+(i) ensure uniformity of cartographic and scientific conventions; and
+
+(ii) provide a basis for assessing the comparability and quality of map products; and
+
+(E) a mechanism for monitoring the inventory of published and current mapping investigations nationwide to facilitate planning and information exchange and to avoid redundancy.
+
+(Pub. L. 102–285, § 6, as added Pub. L. 106–148, § 6, Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1722.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Prior ProvisionsA prior section 31e, Pub. L. 102–285, § 6, May 18, 1992, 106 Stat. 170; Pub. L. 105–36, § 3(d), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 1110, provided for the preparation of a geologic mapping program implementation plan, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 106–148, § 6, Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1722.
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "43 U.S.C. § 31f"
+description: "National geologic map database"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 43
+title_name: "PUBLIC LANDS"
+chapter_number: "2"
+chapter_name: "UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY"
+section: "31f"
+citation: "43 U.S.C. § 31f"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc43@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t43/s31f"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-43/usc43.xml"
+source_hash: "02827f1007add5f268146dba9b33a253300aef5935d15f0c6bce3c3568e0c7a8"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 43 U.S.C. § 31f - National geologic map database
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Establishment (1) In general The Survey shall establish a national geologic-map database.
+
+(2) Function The database shall serve as a national catalog and archive, distributed through links to Federal and State geologic map holdings, that includes—
+
+(A) all maps developed with funding provided by the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program, including under the Federal, State, and education components;
+
+(B) the databases developed in connection with investigations under subclauses (III), (IV), and (V) of section 31c(d)(1)(C)(ii) of this title; and
+
+(C) other maps and data that the Survey and the Association consider appropriate.
+
+(b) Standardization (1) In general Geologic maps contributed to the national archives shall have format, symbols, and technical attributes that adhere to standards so that archival information can be accessed, exchanged, and compared efficiently and accurately, as required by Executive Order 12906 (59 Fed. Reg. 17,671 (1994)), which established the National Spatial Data Infrastructure.
+
+(2) Development of standards Entities that contribute geologic maps to the national archives shall develop the standards described in paragraph (1) in cooperation with the Federal Geographic Data Committee, which is charged with standards development and other data coordination activities as described in Office of Management and Budget revised Circular A–16.
+
+(Pub. L. 102–285, § 7, May 18, 1992, 106 Stat. 171; Pub. L. 105–36, § 3(e), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 1110; Pub. L. 106–148, § 7, Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1723; Pub. L. 111–11, title XI, § 11001(g), Mar. 30, 2009, 123 Stat. 1415.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextExecutive Order 12906, referred to in subsec. (b)(1), is set out as a note under section 1457 of this title.
+
+Amendments2009—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 111–11, § 11001(g)(1), substituted “geologic-map” for “geologic map”. Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 111–11, § 11001(g)(2), added subpar. (A) and struck out former subpar. (A) which read as follows: “all maps developed under the Federal component and the education component;”. 1999—Pub. L. 106–148 substituted “geologic map database” for “geologic-map data base” in section catchline, added subsec. (a), and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (a). Text read as follows: “The Survey shall establish a national geologic-map data base. Such data base shall be a national archive that includes all maps developed pursuant to sections 31a to 31h of this title, the data bases developed pursuant to the investigations under sections 31c(d)(2)(C), (D), (E), and (F) of this title, and other maps and data as the Survey deems appropriate.” 1997—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–36 added subsec. (b) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (b). Text read as follows: “Geologic maps contributed to the national archives should have standardized format, symbols, and technical attributes so that archival information can be assimilated, manipulated, accessed, exchanged, and compared efficiently and accurately.”
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "43 U.S.C. § 31g"
+description: "Biennial report"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 43
+title_name: "PUBLIC LANDS"
+chapter_number: "2"
+chapter_name: "UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY"
+section: "31g"
+citation: "43 U.S.C. § 31g"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc43@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t43/s31g"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-43/usc43.xml"
+source_hash: "0bcd9d6b2ed8af6f36ca7de9eff9d9084805485fee059d8e6d6b5090099de9d5"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "d46a16361aa9d10bbc4b27ea0561882d240801c965a2700a4b7cf5f02f552a5f"
+text_hash: "0586f86ff5c9631d92a8a5bf35035efedd6dd3ecbb36bce84661b2ad4209b2c5"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 43 U.S.C. § 31g - Biennial report
+
+## Text
+
+Not later than 3 years after March 30, 2009, and biennially thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Resources of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a report that—
+
+(1) describes the status of the national geologic mapping program;
+
+(2) describes and evaluates the progress achieved during the preceding 2 years in developing the national geologic map database; and
+
+(3) includes any recommendations that the Secretary may have for legislative or other action to achieve the purposes of sections 31c through 31f of this title.
+
+(Pub. L. 102–285, § 8, as added Pub. L. 106–148, § 8, Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1724; amended Pub. L. 111–11, title XI, § 11001(h), Mar. 30, 2009, 123 Stat. 1415.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Prior ProvisionsA prior section 31g, Pub. L. 102–285, § 8, May 18, 1992, 106 Stat. 171; Pub. L. 103–437, § 16(a)(1), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4594; Pub. L. 105–36, § 3(f), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 1111; Pub. L. 105–362, title IX, § 902(b), Nov. 10, 1998, 112 Stat. 3291, directed the Secretary to submit a biennial report to Congress describing the status of the nationwide geologic mapping program and evaluating the progress achieved during the preceding fiscal year in developing the national geologic-map data base, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 106–148, § 8, Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1724.
+
+Amendments2009—Pub. L. 111–11 substituted “Not later than 3 years after March 30, 2009, and biennially” for “Not later 3 years after December 9, 1999, and biennially”.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Change of Name Committee on Resources of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Natural Resources of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Tenth Congress, Jan. 5, 2007.
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "43 U.S.C. § 31h"
+description: "Authorization of appropriations"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 43
+title_name: "PUBLIC LANDS"
+chapter_number: "2"
+chapter_name: "UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY"
+section: "31h"
+citation: "43 U.S.C. § 31h"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc43@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t43/s31h"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-43/usc43.xml"
+source_hash: "ccbe757377a0d552e207d773b3a110f3a7855eab7226e942ec872d06c1863448"
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+text_hash: "2b2ef13c66b5c9ed00f93dda53eb6017a85ed9112d5301328da1efcf33e75107"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 43 U.S.C. § 31h - Authorization of appropriations
+
+## Text
+
+(a) In general There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out sections 31a to 31h of this title $64,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 through 2031.
+
+(b) Allocation of appropriations Of any amounts appropriated for any fiscal year in excess of the amount appropriated for fiscal year 2005—
+
+(1) 50 percent shall be available for the State component; and
+
+(2) 4 percent shall be available for the education component.
+
+(Pub. L. 102–285, § 9, as added Pub. L. 106–148, § 9, Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1724; amended Pub. L. 111–11, title XI, § 11001(i), Mar. 30, 2009, 123 Stat. 1416; Pub. L. 116–9, title V, § 5002(a)(1), Mar. 12, 2019, 133 Stat. 768; Pub. L. 117–58, div. D, title II, § 40202(b), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 959.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextSections 31a to 31h of this title, referred to in subsec. (a), was in the original “this Act”, meaning Pub. L. 102–285, known as the National Geologic Mapping Act of 1992, which is classified principally to sections 31a to 31h of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 31a of this title and Tables.
+
+Prior ProvisionsA prior section 31h, Pub. L. 102–285, § 9, May 18, 1992, 106 Stat. 171; Pub. L. 105–36, § 3(g), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 1111, authorized appropriations for the national cooperative geologic mapping program, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 106–148, § 9, Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1724.
+
+Amendments2021—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 117–58 substituted “2031” for “2023”. 2019—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 116–9 substituted “2023” for “2018”. 2009—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 111–11, § 11001(i)(1), added subsec. (a) and struck out former subsec. (a) which appropriated funds to carry out sections 31a to 31h of this title for fiscal years 1999 to 2005. Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 111–11, § 11001(i)(2)(A), substituted “2005” for “2000” in introductory provisions. Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 111–11, § 11001(i)(2)(B), substituted “50” for “48”. Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 111–11, § 11001(i)(2)(C), which directed amendment of par. (2) “by striking 2 and inserting ‘4’ ”, was executed by substituting “4” for “2”, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Wage Rate RequirementsFor provisions relating to rates of wages to be paid to laborers and mechanics on projects for construction, alteration, or repair work funded under div. D or an amendment by div. D of Pub. L. 117–58, including authority of Secretary of Labor, see section 18851 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "43 U.S.C. § 31i"
+description: "Report on resource research activities"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 43
+title_name: "PUBLIC LANDS"
+chapter_number: "2"
+chapter_name: "UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY"
+section: "31i"
+citation: "43 U.S.C. § 31i"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc43@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t43/s31i"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-43/usc43.xml"
+source_hash: "6b6d287bb6608f9b046eb98fadea5a660ee20bfe1bb62d6027b7ab301fe684a0"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "d46a16361aa9d10bbc4b27ea0561882d240801c965a2700a4b7cf5f02f552a5f"
+text_hash: "2f54e819092b78486a1d4c912f8dac7c14de5f1cc180886bdee32bcc81bf6872"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 43 U.S.C. § 31i - Report on resource research activities
+
+## Text
+
+Once every five years the National Academy of Sciences shall review and report on the resource research activities of the Survey.
+
+(Pub. L. 104–134, title I, § 101(c) [title I], Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321–156, 1321–165; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 104–140, § 1(a), May 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 1327.)
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "43 U.S.C. § 31j"
+description: "Biological research activity of Survey; review and report by National Academy of Sciences"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 43
+title_name: "PUBLIC LANDS"
+chapter_number: "2"
+chapter_name: "UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY"
+section: "31j"
+citation: "43 U.S.C. § 31j"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc43@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t43/s31j"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-43/usc43.xml"
+source_hash: "617ce12cb84a7f0e5f5f3c4e8aa39db7432b45ce1b1a632d1b64e35ed0fdb48e"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "d46a16361aa9d10bbc4b27ea0561882d240801c965a2700a4b7cf5f02f552a5f"
+text_hash: "30e78a0776a13e621c3dc7405cf32d065c31fc91aca90398ff05c944021f00f5"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 43 U.S.C. § 31j - Biological research activity of Survey; review and report by National Academy of Sciences
+
+## Text
+
+Beginning in fiscal year 1998 and once every five years thereafter, the National Academy of Sciences shall review and report on the biological research activity of the Survey.
+
+(Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, § 101(d) [title I], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–181, 3009–189.)
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "43 U.S.C. § 31k"
+description: "National Volcano Early Warning and Monitoring System"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 43
+title_name: "PUBLIC LANDS"
+chapter_number: "2"
+chapter_name: "UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY"
+section: "31k"
+citation: "43 U.S.C. § 31k"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc43@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t43/s31k"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-43/usc43.xml"
+source_hash: "1743396015dd242e3a4ef6984be6669da0f8f3cb54db4dd13eed236e8fbe4f40"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "d46a16361aa9d10bbc4b27ea0561882d240801c965a2700a4b7cf5f02f552a5f"
+text_hash: "a95c92dd3cf01b044dee85e25f5bc5e0bc2c237bda4751271b00ce1656389673"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 43 U.S.C. § 31k - National Volcano Early Warning and Monitoring System
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Definitions In this section:
+
+(1) Secretary The term “Secretary” means the Secretary, acting through the Director of the United States Geological Survey.
+
+(2) Secretary of Commerce The term “Secretary of Commerce” means the Secretary of Commerce, acting through the Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere.
+
+(3) System The term “System” means the National Volcano Early Warning and Monitoring System established under subsection (b)(1)(A).
+
+(4) Volcanic Ash Advisory Center The term “Volcanic Ash Advisory Center” means an entity designated by the International Civil Aviation Organization that is responsible for informing aviation interests about the presence of volcanic ash in the airspace.
+
+(b) National Volcano Early Warning and Monitoring System (1) Establishment (A) In general The Secretary shall establish within the United States Geological Survey a system, to be known as the “National Volcano Early Warning and Monitoring System”, to monitor, warn, and protect citizens of the United States from undue and avoidable harm from volcanic activity.
+
+(B) Purposes The purposes of the System are—
+
+(i) to organize, modernize, standardize, and stabilize the monitoring systems of the volcano observatories in the United States, which includes the Alaska Volcano Observatory, California Volcano Observatory, Cascades Volcano Observatory, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, and Yellowstone Volcano Observatory;
+
+(ii) to unify the monitoring systems of volcano observatories in the United States into a single interoperative system; and
+
+(iii) to strengthen the warning and monitoring systems of volcano observatories in the United States by integrating relevant capacities of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, including with the Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers located in Anchorage, Alaska, and Washington, D.C., to observe and model emissions of gases, aerosols, and ash, atmospheric dynamics and chemistry, and ocean chemistry resulting from volcanic eruptions.
+
+(C) Objective The objective of the System is to monitor all the volcanoes in the United States at a level commensurate with the threat posed by the volcanoes by—
+
+(i) upgrading existing networks on monitored volcanoes;
+
+(ii) installing new networks on unmonitored volcanoes; and
+
+(iii) employing geodetic and other components when applicable.
+
+(2) System components (A) In general The System shall include—
+
+(i) a national volcano watch office that is operational 24 hours a day and 7 days a week;
+
+(ii) a national volcano data center; and
+
+(iii) an external grants program to support research in volcano monitoring science and technology.
+
+(B) Modernization activities Modernization activities under the System shall include the comprehensive application of emerging technologies, including digital broadband seismometers, real-time continuous Global Positioning System receivers, satellite and airborne radar interferometry, acoustic pressure sensors, spectrometry to measure gas emissions, and unoccupied aerial vehicles.
+
+(C) Memorandum of understanding The Secretary and the Secretary of Commerce shall develop and execute a memorandum of understanding to establish cooperative support for the activities of the System from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, including environmental observations, modeling, and temporary duty assignments of personnel to support emergency activities, as necessary or appropriate.
+
+(3) Management (A) Management plan (i) In general Not later than 180 days after March 12, 2019, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a 5-year management plan for establishing and operating the System.
+
+(ii) Inclusions The management plan submitted under clause (i) shall include—
+
+(I) annual cost estimates for modernization activities and operation of the System;
+
+(II) annual milestones, standards, and performance goals; and
+
+(III) recommendations for, and progress towards, establishing new, or enhancing existing, partnerships to leverage resources.
+
+(iii) Update (I) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration cost estimates The Secretary of Commerce shall submit to the Secretary annual cost estimates for modernization activities and support of the System for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
+
+(II) Update of management plan The Secretary shall update the management plan submitted under clause (i) to include the cost estimates submitted under subclause (I).
+
+(B) Advisory committee The Secretary shall establish an advisory committee to assist the Secretary in implementing the System, to be comprised of representatives of relevant agencies and members of the scientific community, to be appointed by the Secretary.
+
+(C) Partnerships The Secretary may enter into cooperative agreements with institutions of higher education and State agencies designating the institutions of higher education and State agencies as volcano observatory partners for the System.
+
+(D) Coordination The Secretary shall coordinate the activities under this section with the heads of relevant Federal agencies, including—
+
+(i) the Secretary of Transportation;
+
+(ii) the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration;
+
+(iii) the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; and
+
+(iv) the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency.
+
+(E) Collaboration The Secretary of Commerce shall collaborate with the Secretary to implement activities carried out under this section related to the expertise of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, including observations and modeling of emissions of gases, aerosols, and ash, atmospheric dynamics and chemistry, and ocean chemistry resulting from volcanic eruptions.
+
+(4) Annual report Annually, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report that describes the activities carried out under this section.
+
+(c) Funding (1) Authorization of appropriations, United States Geological Survey There is authorized to be appropriated to the United States Geological Survey to carry out this section $55,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2019 through 2023.
+
+(2) Authorization of appropriations, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration There is authorized to be appropriated to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to carry out this section such sums as may be necessary for the period of fiscal years 2023 through 2024.
+
+(3) Effect on other sources of Federal funding Amounts made available under this subsection shall supplement, and not supplant, Federal funds made available for other hazards activities and programs of the United States Geological Survey and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
+
+(Pub. L. 116–9, title V, § 5001, Mar. 12, 2019, 133 Stat. 766; Pub. L. 117–263, div. J, title CV, § 10501(a)–(e), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3993, 3994.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments2022—Subsec. (a)(2) to (4). Pub. L. 117–263, § 10501(a), added pars. (2) and (4) and redesignated former par. (2) as (3). Subsec. (b)(1)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 117–263, § 10501(b), added cl. (iii). Subsec. (b)(2)(B). Pub. L. 117–263, § 10501(c)(1), struck out “and” before “spectrometry” and inserted “, and unoccupied aerial vehicles” after “emissions”. Subsec. (b)(2)(C). Pub. L. 117–263, § 10501(c)(2), added subpar. (C). Subsec. (b)(3)(A)(iii). Pub. L. 117–263, § 10501(d)(1), added cl. (iii). Subsec. (b)(3)(E). Pub. L. 117–263, § 10501(d)(2), added subpar. (E). Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 117–263, § 10501(e)(1), inserted “, United States Geological Survey” after “appropriations” in heading and “to the United States Geological Survey” after “appropriated” in text. Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 117–263, § 10501(e)(3), added par. (2). Former par. (2) redesignated (3). Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 117–263, § 10501(e)(2), (4), redesignated par. (2) as (3), struck out “United States Geological Survey” before “hazards activities”, and inserted “of the United States Geological Survey and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration” after “programs”.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Definition of “Secretary” Secretary means the Secretary of the Interior, see section 2 of Pub. L. 116–9, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "43 U.S.C. § 31l"
+description: "Earth Mapping Resources Initiative"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 43
+title_name: "PUBLIC LANDS"
+chapter_number: "2"
+chapter_name: "UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY"
+section: "31l"
+citation: "43 U.S.C. § 31l"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc43@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t43/s31l"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-43/usc43.xml"
+source_hash: "4b3c2a698e274ccb421efbcfc46d39bc497a119f68ab89a91ff2bcd47f6d767d"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "d46a16361aa9d10bbc4b27ea0561882d240801c965a2700a4b7cf5f02f552a5f"
+text_hash: "e725f92308f7f7de297f01ad7d7dcf4a1300f80ccb3b152b52dd6f7b031098e3"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 43 U.S.C. § 31l - Earth Mapping Resources Initiative
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Definition of critical mineral In this section, the term “critical mineral” has the meaning given the term in section 1606(a) of title 30.
+
+(b) Establishment There is established within the United States Geological Survey an initiative, to be known as the “Earth Mapping Resources Initiative” (referred to in this section as the “Initiative”).
+
+(c) Purpose The purpose of the Initiative shall be to accelerate efforts to carry out the fundamental resources and mapping mission of the United States Geological Survey by—
+
+(1) providing integrated topographic, geologic, geochemical, and geophysical mapping;
+
+(2) accelerating the integration and consolidation of geospatial and resource data; and
+
+(3) providing interpretation of subsurface and above-ground mineral resources data.
+
+(d) Cooperative agreements (1) In general In carrying out the Initiative, the Director of the United States Geological Survey may enter into cooperative agreements with State geological surveys.
+
+(2) Effect Nothing in paragraph (1) precludes the Director of the United States Geological Survey from using existing contracting authorities in carrying out the Initiative.
+
+(e) Comprehensive mapping modernization (1) In general Not later than 10 years after November 15, 2021, the Initiative shall complete an initial comprehensive national modern surface and subsurface mapping and data integration effort.
+
+(2) Approach In carrying out paragraph (1) with regard to minerals, mineralization, and mineral deposits, the Initiative shall focus on the full range of minerals, using a whole ore body approach rather than a single commodity approach, to emphasize all of the recoverable critical minerals in a given surface or subsurface deposit.
+
+(3) Priority In carrying out paragraph (1) with regard to minerals, mineralization, and mineral deposits, the Initiative shall prioritize mapping and assessing critical minerals.
+
+(4) Inclusions In carrying out paragraph (1), the Initiative shall also—
+
+(A) map and collect data for areas containing mine waste to increase understanding of above-ground critical mineral resources in previously disturbed areas; and
+
+(B) provide for analysis of samples, including samples within the National Geological and Geophysical Data Preservation Program established under section 15908(b) of title 42 for the occurrence of critical minerals.
+
+(f) Availability The Initiative shall make the geospatial data and metadata gathered by the Initiative under subsection (e)(1) electronically publicly accessible on an ongoing basis.
+
+(g) Integration of data sources The Initiative shall integrate data sources, including data from—
+
+(1) the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program established by section 31c(a)(1) of this title;
+
+(2) the National Geological and Geophysical Data Preservation Program established under section 15908(b) of title 42;
+
+(3) the USMIN Mineral Deposit Database of the United States Geological Survey;
+
+(4) the 3D Elevation Program established under section 3104(a) of this title; and
+
+(5) other relevant sources, including sources providing geothermal resources data.
+
+(h) Authorization of appropriations There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $320,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2022 through 2026, to remain available until expended.
+
+(Pub. L. 117–58, div. D, title II, § 40201, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 958.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Wage Rate RequirementsFor provisions relating to rates of wages to be paid to laborers and mechanics on projects for construction, alteration, or repair work funded under div. D or an amendment by div. D of Pub. L. 117–58, including authority of Secretary of Labor, see section 18851 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.
+
+Definition of “Secretary” For definition of Secretary as used in this section, see section 18701 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "43 U.S.C. § 32"
+description: "Acting Director"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 43
+title_name: "PUBLIC LANDS"
+chapter_number: "2"
+chapter_name: "UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY"
+section: "32"
+citation: "43 U.S.C. § 32"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc43@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t43/s32"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-43/usc43.xml"
+source_hash: "f7a73956014472d3901cc99848df028f4e062f13fea1bd4390f551c112681ced"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "d46a16361aa9d10bbc4b27ea0561882d240801c965a2700a4b7cf5f02f552a5f"
+text_hash: "472d4f7d5cd9b7e2cfa4fbf7e250bc88cb3df4eeb82471d154cf21b8046b7617"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 43 U.S.C. § 32 - Acting Director
+
+## Text
+
+The Secretary of the Interior may authorize one of the geologists to act as Director of the United States Geological Survey in the absence of that officer.
+
+(July 31, 1894, ch. 174, § 1, 28 Stat. 197; Pub. L. 102–154, title I, Nov. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1000.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Change of Name “United States Geological Survey” substituted in text for “Geological Survey” pursuant to provision of title I of Pub. L. 102–154, set out as a note under section 31 of this title.
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Transfer of Functions For transfer of functions of other officers, employees, and agencies of Department of the Interior, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of the Interior, with power to delegate, see Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1950, §§ 1, 2, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3174, 64 Stat. 1262, set out under section 1451 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "43 U.S.C. § 33"
+description: "Repealed. Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, § 53, 70A Stat. 641"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 43
+title_name: "PUBLIC LANDS"
+chapter_number: "2"
+chapter_name: "UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY"
+section: "33"
+citation: "43 U.S.C. § 33"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc43@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t43/s33"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-43/usc43.xml"
+source_hash: "83f2142fa31afa55397ead0b6184bdab90ebb2805972cdc5cf75e106d82097e2"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "d46a16361aa9d10bbc4b27ea0561882d240801c965a2700a4b7cf5f02f552a5f"
+text_hash: "7b15ceef19ea9b863209ce98993ebdbe0254e7f2f79f679b881f8a6dfbf5371e"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 43 U.S.C. § 33 - Repealed. Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, § 53, 70A Stat. 641
+
+## Notes
+
+Section, act June 16, 1880, ch. 235, 21 Stat. 274, authorized Secretary of War to detail officers of Ordnance Corps to serve with Geological Survey.
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "43 U.S.C. § 34"
+description: "Scientific employees"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 43
+title_name: "PUBLIC LANDS"
+chapter_number: "2"
+chapter_name: "UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY"
+section: "34"
+citation: "43 U.S.C. § 34"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc43@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t43/s34"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-43/usc43.xml"
+source_hash: "59413847ee7febba5292ae3772019aca10ff4b89169577eb80056eacc5cedd98"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "d46a16361aa9d10bbc4b27ea0561882d240801c965a2700a4b7cf5f02f552a5f"
+text_hash: "76b611d1c451458624b8811bb7ff62c54c531b757a07990180b2e0ff2f09b3eb"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 43 U.S.C. § 34 - Scientific employees
+
+## Text
+
+The scientific employees of the United States Geological Survey shall be selected by the Director, subject to the approval of the Secretary of the Interior exclusively for their qualifications as professional experts.
+
+(July 7, 1884, ch. 332, 23 Stat. 212; Pub. L. 102–154, title I, Nov. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1000.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Change of Name “United States Geological Survey” substituted in text for “Geological Survey” pursuant to provision of title I of Pub. L. 102–154, set out as a note under section 31 of this title.
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Transfer of Functions For transfer of functions of other officers, employees, and agencies of Department of the Interior, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of the Interior, with power to delegate, see Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1950, §§ 1, 2, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3174, 64 Stat. 1262, set out under section 1451 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "43 U.S.C. § 35"
+description: "Repealed. Pub. L. 87–304, § 9(a)(2), Sept. 26, 1961, 75 Stat. 664"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 43
+title_name: "PUBLIC LANDS"
+chapter_number: "2"
+chapter_name: "UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY"
+section: "35"
+citation: "43 U.S.C. § 35"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc43@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t43/s35"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-43/usc43.xml"
+source_hash: "289e3dd9470e2ff212879f052c36da48b7952bbb388da71c6a718fac666cab03"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "d46a16361aa9d10bbc4b27ea0561882d240801c965a2700a4b7cf5f02f552a5f"
+text_hash: "87a4fe2d8aff7eb94061ce7666a402d28ccd50aed886ffc72e58e3252060366c"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 43 U.S.C. § 35 - Repealed. Pub. L. 87–304, § 9(a)(2), Sept. 26, 1961, 75 Stat. 664
+
+## Notes
+
+Section, act June 30, 1906, ch. 3914, § 1, 34 Stat. 727, authorized scientific and other employees of the United States Geological Survey employed in the field to make assignments of pay, and that they be reimbursed for expenses incurred in the discharge of duty in the field and paid from personal funds. See section 5525 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "43 U.S.C. § 36"
+description: "Purchase of books"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 43
+title_name: "PUBLIC LANDS"
+chapter_number: "2"
+chapter_name: "UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY"
+section: "36"
+citation: "43 U.S.C. § 36"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc43@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t43/s36"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-43/usc43.xml"
+source_hash: "35c4e71f448da13e3fe0f7bd3ed0a9899d837d646da477519e6e2f3ebcf7e1db"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "d46a16361aa9d10bbc4b27ea0561882d240801c965a2700a4b7cf5f02f552a5f"
+text_hash: "07d9f96ce17a2f3a8e0b597601069f48b442bab404420c963815f80107db6577"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 43 U.S.C. § 36 - Purchase of books
+
+## Text
+
+The purchase of professional and scientific books and periodicals needed for statistical purposes by the scientific divisions of the United States Geological Survey is authorized to be made and paid for out of appropriations made for the said Survey.
+
+(June 28, 1902, ch. 1301, § 1, 32 Stat. 455.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Transfer of Functions For transfer of functions of other officers, employees, and agencies of Department of the Interior, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of the Interior, with power to delegate, see Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1950, §§ 1, 2, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3174, 64 Stat. 1262, set out under section 1451 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "43 U.S.C. § 36a"
+description: "Acquisition of scientific or technical books, maps, etc., for library"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 43
+title_name: "PUBLIC LANDS"
+chapter_number: "2"
+chapter_name: "UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY"
+section: "36a"
+citation: "43 U.S.C. § 36a"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc43@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t43/s36a"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-43/usc43.xml"
+source_hash: "22f770cf1de6ce059d9ff48b09d75b6e5748afb49866274331da829da29fc5dd"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "d46a16361aa9d10bbc4b27ea0561882d240801c965a2700a4b7cf5f02f552a5f"
+text_hash: "eed7ee924dbb0368b45ea1406dfd2a106f6de67c23139093c96c691931560dc1"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 43 U.S.C. § 36a - Acquisition of scientific or technical books, maps, etc., for library
+
+## Text
+
+The Director of the United States Geological Survey, under the general supervision of the Secretary of the Interior, is authorized to acquire for the United States, by gift or devise, scientific or technical books, manuscripts, maps, and related materials, and to deposit the same in the library of the United States Geological Survey for reference and use as authorized by law.
+
+(May 14, 1940, ch. 190, 54 Stat. 212; Pub. L. 102–154, title I, Nov. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1000.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Change of Name “United States Geological Survey” substituted in text for “Geological Survey” pursuant to provision of title I of Pub. L. 102–154, set out as a note under section 31 of this title.
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Transfer of Functions For transfer of functions of other officers, employees, and agencies of Department of the Interior, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of the Interior, with power to delegate, see Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1950, §§ 1, 2, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3174, 64 Stat. 1262, set out under section 1451 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "43 U.S.C. § 36b"
+description: "Acquisition of lands or interests therein for use in gaging streams or underground water resources"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 43
+title_name: "PUBLIC LANDS"
+chapter_number: "2"
+chapter_name: "UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY"
+section: "36b"
+citation: "43 U.S.C. § 36b"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc43@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t43/s36b"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-43/usc43.xml"
+source_hash: "3e84d34e4edee823225b5a611157aac1601a26550ffbdb12ab68a65eea54e91d"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "d46a16361aa9d10bbc4b27ea0561882d240801c965a2700a4b7cf5f02f552a5f"
+text_hash: "b7ed2516411ed5d0c4bed18b822889a5fc3516f5859b50f0399e3b4e0284ab59"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 43 U.S.C. § 36b - Acquisition of lands or interests therein for use in gaging streams or underground water resources
+
+## Text
+
+The Secretary of the Interior may, on behalf of the United States and for use by the United States Geological Survey in gaging streams and underground water resources, acquire lands by donation or when funds have been appropriated by Congress by purchase or condemnation, but not in excess of ten acres for any one stream gaging station or observation well site. For the same purpose the Secretary of the Interior may obtain easements, licenses, rights-of-way, and leases limited to run for such a period of time or term of years as may be required for the effective performance of the function of gaging streams and underground water resources: Provided, That nothing in this section shall be construed as affecting or intended to affect or in any way to interfere with the laws of any State or Territory relating to the control, appropriation, use, or distribution of water used in irrigation, or any vested right acquired thereunder, and the Secretary of the Interior, in carrying out the provisions of this section, shall proceed in conformity with such laws, and nothing in this section shall in any way affect any right of any State or of the Federal Government or of any landowner, appropriator, or user of water, in, to, or from any interstate stream or the waters thereof.
+
+(Dec. 24, 1942, ch. 822, 56 Stat. 1086; Pub. L. 86–406, Apr. 4, 1960, 74 Stat. 14; Pub. L. 102–154, title I, Nov. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1000.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments1960—Pub. L. 86–406 authorized Secretary of the Interior to acquire lands and interests in lands for observation well sites to gage underground water resources.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Change of Name “United States Geological Survey” substituted in text for “Geological Survey” pursuant to provision of title I of Pub. L. 102–154, set out as a note under section 31 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "43 U.S.C. § 36c"
+description: "Acceptance of contributions from public and private sources; cooperation with other agencies in prosecution of projects"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 43
+title_name: "PUBLIC LANDS"
+chapter_number: "2"
+chapter_name: "UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY"
+section: "36c"
+citation: "43 U.S.C. § 36c"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc43@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t43/s36c"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-43/usc43.xml"
+source_hash: "cc82e4cf0ca7c5f2a29a6e0224cb81f2d223161554665a65adca5a9112f0f885"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "d46a16361aa9d10bbc4b27ea0561882d240801c965a2700a4b7cf5f02f552a5f"
+text_hash: "93673534dc873136f01cebfc342adbe4111e1825092843147a749f427d98cb3d"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 43 U.S.C. § 36c - Acceptance of contributions from public and private sources; cooperation with other agencies in prosecution of projects
+
+## Text
+
+In fiscal year 1987 and thereafter the United States Geological Survey is authorized to accept lands, buildings, equipment, and other contributions from public and private sources and to prosecute projects in cooperation with other agencies, Federal, State, or private.
+
+(Pub. L. 99–500, § 101(h) [title I], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–242, 1783–252, and Pub. L. 99–591, § 101(h) [title I], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–242, 3341–252; Pub. L. 102–154, title I, Nov. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1000.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification Pub. L. 99–591 is a corrected version of Pub. L. 99–500.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Change of Name “United States Geological Survey” substituted in text for “Geological Survey” pursuant to provision of title I of Pub. L. 102–154, set out as a note under section 31 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "43 U.S.C. § 36d"
+description: "Cooperative agreements"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 43
+title_name: "PUBLIC LANDS"
+chapter_number: "2"
+chapter_name: "UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY"
+section: "36d"
+citation: "43 U.S.C. § 36d"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc43@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t43/s36d"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-43/usc43.xml"
+source_hash: "20de30e1481a04ef9758ee955211d6696a32465a9a244655e51eabd56c15b963"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "d46a16361aa9d10bbc4b27ea0561882d240801c965a2700a4b7cf5f02f552a5f"
+text_hash: "9004ccb9dda2ca7e26db3344a098af4f3dece9063d3ed6c538bc45f785850696"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 43 U.S.C. § 36d - Cooperative agreements
+
+## Text
+
+Notwithstanding the provisions of the Federal Grant and Cooperative Agreement Act of 1977 (31 U.S.C. 6301–6308), the United States Geological Survey is authorized to continue existing, and on and after November 10, 2003, to enter into new cooperative agreements directed towards a particular cooperator, in support of joint research and data collection activities with Federal, State, and academic partners funded by appropriations herein, including those that provide for space in cooperator facilities.
+
+(Pub. L. 108–108, title I, Nov. 10, 2003, 117 Stat. 1254.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThe Federal Grant and Cooperative Agreement Act of 1977, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 95–224, Feb. 3, 1978, 92 Stat. 3, which was classified generally to chapter 8 (§ 501 et seq.) of former Title 41, Public Contracts, and was repealed and reenacted as chapter 63 (§ 6301 et seq.) of Title 31, Money and Finance, by Pub. L. 97–258, §§ 1, 5(b), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 877, 1068. Appropriations herein, referred to in text, probably means appropriations under the headings “United States Geological Survey”, “surveys, investigations, and research” and “administrative provisions”, of the annual Department of the Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations Act.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Similar ProvisionsProvisions similar to those in this section were contained in the following appropriation act: Pub. L. 108–7, div. F, title I, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 228.
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "43 U.S.C. § 37"
+description: "Omitted"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 43
+title_name: "PUBLIC LANDS"
+chapter_number: "2"
+chapter_name: "UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY"
+section: "37"
+citation: "43 U.S.C. § 37"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc43@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t43/s37"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-43/usc43.xml"
+source_hash: "6b170401b0ab831d7a63ed1b1c08efb255a36adc890605b380aae2f4e973afc4"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "d46a16361aa9d10bbc4b27ea0561882d240801c965a2700a4b7cf5f02f552a5f"
+text_hash: "2d4b046b1379ea9b863c3bd80a7f49becde91f0362454012897d6f92ee8d8f06"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 43 U.S.C. § 37 - Omitted
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification Section, act June 12, 1917, ch. 27, 40 Stat. 144, related to purchases or services for the Geological Survey, was omitted as superseded.
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "43 U.S.C. § 38"
+description: "Topographic surveys; marking elevations"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 43
+title_name: "PUBLIC LANDS"
+chapter_number: "2"
+chapter_name: "UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY"
+section: "38"
+citation: "43 U.S.C. § 38"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc43@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t43/s38"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-43/usc43.xml"
+source_hash: "7367098c86b476d19e04eabb8c6b04a92c3894e68125868928abec86bbebbeab"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "d46a16361aa9d10bbc4b27ea0561882d240801c965a2700a4b7cf5f02f552a5f"
+text_hash: "8a4d2b04dc52ab94eb42b7fa4cfcbba2c073aeb69eab6a5d6d512d95fb455baa"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 43 U.S.C. § 38 - Topographic surveys; marking elevations
+
+## Text
+
+In making topographic surveys west of the ninety-fifth meridian elevations above a base level located in each area under survey shall be determined and marked on the ground by iron or stone posts or permanent bench marks, at least two such posts or bench marks to be established in each township, or equivalent area, except in the forest-clad and mountain areas, where at least one shall be established, and these shall be placed, whenever practicable, near the township corners of the public-land surveys; and in the areas east of the ninety-fifth meridian at least one such post or bench mark shall be similarly established in each area equivalent to the area of a township of the public land surveys.
+
+(June 11, 1896, ch. 420, 29 Stat. 435.)
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "43 U.S.C. § 41"
+description: "Publications and reports; preparation and sale"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 43
+title_name: "PUBLIC LANDS"
+chapter_number: "2"
+chapter_name: "UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY"
+section: "41"
+citation: "43 U.S.C. § 41"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc43@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t43/s41"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-43/usc43.xml"
+source_hash: "0890682880620aa8d6fdffc41b1089c259a3e88ecd9e12836f1701107a6fbf3d"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "d46a16361aa9d10bbc4b27ea0561882d240801c965a2700a4b7cf5f02f552a5f"
+text_hash: "bbf51701ffc75c066ea4c1d277326b455e8b41327ef3f73c0d241c5510d42105"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 43 U.S.C. § 41 - Publications and reports; preparation and sale
+
+## Text
+
+Except as otherwise provided in section 1318 of title 44, the publications of the United States Geological Survey shall consist of geological and economic maps, illustrating the resources and classification of the lands, and reports upon general and economic geology and paleontology. All special memoirs and reports of said survey shall be issued in uniform quarto series if deemed necessary by the director, but otherwise in ordinary octavos. Three thousand copies of each shall be published for scientific exchanges and for sale at the price of publication, and all literary and cartographic materials received in exchange shall be the property of the United States and form a part of the library of the organization; and the money resulting from the sale of such publications shall be covered into the Treasury of the United States, under the direction of the Secretary of the Interior.
+
+(Mar. 3, 1879, ch. 182, 20 Stat. 394; Aug. 7, 1946, ch. 770, § 1(10), 60 Stat. 867; Pub. L. 102–154, title I, Nov. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1000.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification “Section 1318 of title 44” substituted in text for “section 260 of title 44” on authority of Pub. L. 90–620, § 2(b), Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1238, the first section of which enacted Title 44, Public Printing and Documents. The words “Except as otherwise provided in section 260 of title 44” were originally inserted in text to avoid conflict with the provisions of such section 260 of title 44, as set out prior to the general revision of title 44 by Pub. L. 90–620, derived from Joint Res. May 16, 1902, No. 22.
+
+Amendments1946—Act Aug. 7, 1946, repealed all provisions requiring preparation, and transmission by Secretary of the Interior, of an annual report of operations.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Change of Name “United States Geological Survey” substituted in text for “Geological Survey” pursuant to provision of title I of Pub. L. 102–154, set out as a note under section 31 of this title.
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Transfer of Functions For transfer of functions of other officers, employees, and agencies of Department of the Interior, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of the Interior, with power to delegate, see Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1950, §§ 1, 2, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3174, 64 Stat. 1262, set out under section 1451 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "43 U.S.C. § 42"
+description: "Distribution of maps and atlases, etc."
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 43
+title_name: "PUBLIC LANDS"
+chapter_number: "2"
+chapter_name: "UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY"
+section: "42"
+citation: "43 U.S.C. § 42"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc43@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t43/s42"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-43/usc43.xml"
+source_hash: "355d6620d3880b007351acc60d8237545b3aa5b4917c78c6ac758e40539f1ab7"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "d46a16361aa9d10bbc4b27ea0561882d240801c965a2700a4b7cf5f02f552a5f"
+text_hash: "43509bd0a72d256f76c131281988d75b817c240e2a1aa2d2c5401f50831f545e"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 43 U.S.C. § 42 - Distribution of maps and atlases, etc.
+
+## Text
+
+The Director of the United States Geological Survey is authorized and directed, on the approval of the Secretary of the Interior, to dispose of the topographic and geologic maps and atlases of the United States, made and published by the United States Geological Survey, at such prices and under such regulations as may from time to time be fixed by him and approved by the Secretary of the Interior; and a number of copies of each map or atlas, not exceeding five hundred, shall be distributed gratuitously among foreign governments and departments of our own Government to literary and scientific associations, and to such educational institutions or libraries as may be designated by the Director of the Survey and approved by the Secretary of the Interior. On and after June 7, 1924, the distribution of geological publications to libraries designated as special depositaries of such publications shall be discontinued.
+
+(Feb. 18, 1897, No. 13, § 1, 29 Stat. 701; June 7, 1924, ch. 303, 43 Stat. 592; Pub. L. 102–154, title I, Nov. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1000.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification The first sentence is from Joint Res. Feb. 18, 1897; the second sentence is from act June 7, 1924. Joint Res. Feb. 18, 1897 superseded a provision contained in act June 11, 1896, ch. 420, 29 Stat. 436, authorizing the sale of topographical maps with text at cost and ten per centum added.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Change of Name “United States Geological Survey” substituted in text for “Geological Survey” pursuant to provision of title I of Pub. L. 102–154, set out as a note under section 31 of this title.
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Transfer of Functions For transfer of functions of other officers, employees, and agencies of Department of the Interior, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of the Interior, with power to delegate, see Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1950, §§ 1, 2, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3174, 64 Stat. 1262, set out under section 1451 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "43 U.S.C. § 42a"
+description: "Use of receipts from sale of maps for map printing and distribution"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 43
+title_name: "PUBLIC LANDS"
+chapter_number: "2"
+chapter_name: "UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY"
+section: "42a"
+citation: "43 U.S.C. § 42a"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc43@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t43/s42a"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-43/usc43.xml"
+source_hash: "102bf85999d1df0330b83a3fcec5dd8c3434b51a188555b53444545a213a7d2c"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "d46a16361aa9d10bbc4b27ea0561882d240801c965a2700a4b7cf5f02f552a5f"
+text_hash: "6e4ad488a5de2698caea9421d4abea608792bcd353c3cfe85543dab8f1d325f7"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 43 U.S.C. § 42a - Use of receipts from sale of maps for map printing and distribution
+
+## Text
+
+In fiscal year 1984 and thereafter, all receipts from the sale of maps sold or stored by the United States Geological Survey shall be available for map printing and distribution to supplement funds otherwise available, to remain available until expended.
+
+(Pub. L. 98–146, title I, Nov. 4, 1983, 97 Stat. 926; Pub. L. 102–154, title I, Nov. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1000.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Change of Name “United States Geological Survey” substituted in text for “Geological Survey” pursuant to provision of title I of Pub. L. 102–154, set out as a note under section 31 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "43 U.S.C. § 43"
+description: "Copies to Senators, Representatives, and Delegates"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 43
+title_name: "PUBLIC LANDS"
+chapter_number: "2"
+chapter_name: "UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY"
+section: "43"
+citation: "43 U.S.C. § 43"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc43@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t43/s43"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-43/usc43.xml"
+source_hash: "abe63f61320810d46ebd42b774590093bebc3c049557991179b82bd6e9f7a1a6"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "d46a16361aa9d10bbc4b27ea0561882d240801c965a2700a4b7cf5f02f552a5f"
+text_hash: "05f1de98db512feb2f97870b48f3ed35ba0d23b364aff5fff577119af7a8cb10"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 43 U.S.C. § 43 - Copies to Senators, Representatives, and Delegates
+
+## Text
+
+One copy of each map and atlas shall be sent to each Senator and each Representative and Delegate in Congress, if published within his term; and a second copy shall be placed at the disposal of each such Senator, Representative and Delegate
+
+(Feb. 18, 1897, No. 13, § 2, 29 Stat. 701.)
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "43 U.S.C. § 44"
+description: "Sale of transfers or copies of data"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 43
+title_name: "PUBLIC LANDS"
+chapter_number: "2"
+chapter_name: "UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY"
+section: "44"
+citation: "43 U.S.C. § 44"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc43@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t43/s44"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-43/usc43.xml"
+source_hash: "c4d7e7d56b6c08e7c5c60f3af9a6fa01b6604ea286a1a17a3e35d4a0038fb9ee"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "d46a16361aa9d10bbc4b27ea0561882d240801c965a2700a4b7cf5f02f552a5f"
+text_hash: "0b7e7130aa392c9b0c0dd651b954d08816f9d6de96361a00b00b55784ada62d6"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 43 U.S.C. § 44 - Sale of transfers or copies of data
+
+## Text
+
+The Director of the United States Geological Survey shall, if the regular map work of the Survey is in no wise interfered with thereby, furnish to any person, concern, institution, State or foreign government, that shall pay in advance the whole cost thereof with 10 per centum added, transfers or copies of any cartographic or other engraved or lithographic data in the division of engraving and printing of the Survey, and the moneys received by the Director for such transfers or copies shall be deposited in the Treasury.
+
+(June 30, 1906, ch. 3914, 34 Stat. 727; Pub. L. 102–154, title I, Nov. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1000.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Change of Name “United States Geological Survey” substituted in text for “Geological Survey” pursuant to provision of title I of Pub. L. 102–154, set out as a note under section 31 of this title.
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Transfer of Functions For transfer of functions of other officers, employees, and agencies of Department of the Interior, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of the Interior, with power to delegate, see Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1950, §§ 1, 2, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3174, 64 Stat. 1262, set out under section 1451 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "43 U.S.C. § 45"
+description: "Production and sale of copies of photographs and records; disposition of receipts"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 43
+title_name: "PUBLIC LANDS"
+chapter_number: "2"
+chapter_name: "UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY"
+section: "45"
+citation: "43 U.S.C. § 45"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc43@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t43/s45"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-43/usc43.xml"
+source_hash: "22d3eb5af31a3a7adbaff2f228d237ff01c277a2c331129fe9e2e915ac47b7ab"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "d46a16361aa9d10bbc4b27ea0561882d240801c965a2700a4b7cf5f02f552a5f"
+text_hash: "4f0c37247c443fb6ba2391f293423cf1465ad12578bbbafa3a987d3d0854959e"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 43 U.S.C. § 45 - Production and sale of copies of photographs and records; disposition of receipts
+
+## Text
+
+The Director of the United States Geological Survey on and after March 4, 1909 may produce and sell on a reimbursable basis to interested persons, concerns, and institutions, copies of aerial or other photographs and mosaics that have been obtained in connection with the authorized work of the United States Geological Survey and photographic or photostatic reproductions of records in the official custody of the Director at such prices (not less than the estimated cost of furnishing such copies or reproductions) as the Director, with the approval of the Secretary of the Interior, may determine, the money received from such sales to be deposited in the Treasury to the credit of the appropriation then current and chargeable for the cost of furnishing copies or reproductions as herein authorized.
+
+(Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 299, 35 Stat. 989; July 21, 1947, ch. 273, 61 Stat. 398.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments1947—Act July 21, 1947, authorized production and sale of aerial or other photographs and reproductions of records on a reimbursement of appropriations basis.
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Transfer of Functions For transfer of functions of other officers, employees, and agencies of Department of the Interior, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of the Interior, with power to delegate, see Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1950, §§ 1, 2, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3174, 64 Stat. 1262, set out under section 1451 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "43 U.S.C. § 46"
+description: "Omitted"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 43
+title_name: "PUBLIC LANDS"
+chapter_number: "2"
+chapter_name: "UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY"
+section: "46"
+citation: "43 U.S.C. § 46"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc43@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t43/s46"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-43/usc43.xml"
+source_hash: "9c69d63e614cc27cac69dda78394d6ed743fc9a49ca976ba3c9c975a05c797b6"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "d46a16361aa9d10bbc4b27ea0561882d240801c965a2700a4b7cf5f02f552a5f"
+text_hash: "ccbb00ba8f2e571ed9165a591a28fa5f7ef747ef8a24f8cd3975131ac1cf6488"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 43 U.S.C. § 46 - Omitted
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification Section, act Oct. 12, 1949, ch. 680, title I, 63 Stat. 785, related to exchange of old freight carrying vehicles as part payment for new, was from the Interior Department Appropriation Act, 1950, and was not repeated in subsequent appropriation acts. Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation acts: June 29, 1948, ch. 754, 62 Stat. 1133. July 25, 1947, ch. 337, 61 Stat. 477. July 1, 1946, ch. 529, 60 Stat. 369. July 3, 1945, ch. 262, 59 Stat. 343. June 28, 1944, ch. 298, 58 Stat. 491. July 12, 1943, ch. 219, 57 Stat. 477. July 2, 1942, ch. 473, 56 Stat. 537. June 28, 1941, ch. 259, 55 Stat. 339. June 18, 1940, ch. 395, 54 Stat. 439. May 10, 1939, ch. 119, 53 Stat. 719. May 9, 1938, ch. 187, 52 Stat. 325. Aug. 9, 1937, ch. 570, 50 Stat. 598. June 22, 1936, ch. 691, 49 Stat. 1785. May 9, 1935, ch. 101, 49 Stat. 200. Mar. 2, 1934, ch. 38, 48 Stat. 382. Feb. 17, 1933, ch. 98, 47 Stat. 846. Apr. 22, 1932, ch. 125, 47 Stat. 118. Feb. 14, 1931, ch. 187, 46 Stat. 1147. May 14, 1930, ch. 273, 46 Stat. 310. Mar. 4, 1929, ch. 705, 45 Stat. 1594. Mar. 7, 1928, ch. 137, 45 Stat. 231. Jan. 12, 1927, ch. 27, 44 Stat. 961. May 10, 1926, ch. 277, 44 Stat. 486. Mar. 3, 1925, ch. 462, 43 Stat. 1172. June 5, 1924, ch. 264, 43 Stat. 419. Jan. 24, 1923, ch. 42, 42 Stat. 1208. May 24, 1922, ch. 199, 42 Stat. 586.
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "43 U.S.C. § 47"
+description: "Repealed. Aug. 7, 1946, ch. 770, § 1(11), 60 Stat. 867"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 43
+title_name: "PUBLIC LANDS"
+chapter_number: "2"
+chapter_name: "UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY"
+section: "47"
+citation: "43 U.S.C. § 47"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc43@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t43/s47"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-43/usc43.xml"
+source_hash: "d29e7d0331f5db91ad4523f6daf5f8a931ddc00126478818fcbf93996175ad06"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "d46a16361aa9d10bbc4b27ea0561882d240801c965a2700a4b7cf5f02f552a5f"
+text_hash: "8227814638d9cb3a13a6c1acf9b95ef4e0b268ed2c4af979698ae46f7912a566"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 43 U.S.C. § 47 - Repealed. Aug. 7, 1946, ch. 770, § 1(11), 60 Stat. 867
+
+## Notes
+
+Section, act May 10, 1926, ch. 277, 44 Stat. 487, required annual statements and reports of expenditures for the benefit of Indians relating to the operation of oil and gas leases, and the mining of other minerals, on Indian lands.
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "43 U.S.C. § 48"
+description: "Omitted"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 43
+title_name: "PUBLIC LANDS"
+chapter_number: "2"
+chapter_name: "UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY"
+section: "48"
+citation: "43 U.S.C. § 48"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc43@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t43/s48"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-43/usc43.xml"
+source_hash: "4009c570b0f37c759aa2cd0bcdb50fbbe2ae16b3d692e4ea6782918642a146c1"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "d46a16361aa9d10bbc4b27ea0561882d240801c965a2700a4b7cf5f02f552a5f"
+text_hash: "f2b1aaae36ca2a19b415f712a38bc979e5ca1f7c038c09be5d009df6e1557340"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 43 U.S.C. § 48 - Omitted
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification Section, act Jan. 12, 1927, ch. 27, 44 Stat. 963, required amounts received by the Geological Survey from any State, Territory or political subdivision thereof in carrying on work involving cooperation to be used in reimbursing the appropriation from which the expense of such work was paid, was from the act making appropriations for the Department of the Interior for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1928 and for other purposes, and was not repeated in subsequent appropriation acts. Similar provisions were contained in the following act: May 10, 1926, ch. 277, 44 Stat. 487.
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "43 U.S.C. § 49"
+description: "Extension of cooperative work to Puerto Rico"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 43
+title_name: "PUBLIC LANDS"
+chapter_number: "2"
+chapter_name: "UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY"
+section: "49"
+citation: "43 U.S.C. § 49"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc43@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t43/s49"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-43/usc43.xml"
+source_hash: "2b607904e7cc21ffa05084d4a29f9ebf82870f2e03e242915c19d31bf0dad64c"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "d46a16361aa9d10bbc4b27ea0561882d240801c965a2700a4b7cf5f02f552a5f"
+text_hash: "8d9afd2096a13c6058e738a7eec8c62ad9eee95989457bfa7ccdbd0f9f5bf950"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 43 U.S.C. § 49 - Extension of cooperative work to Puerto Rico
+
+## Text
+
+The provisions of law authorizing the making of topographic and geological surveys and conducting investigations relating to mineral and water resources by the United States Geological Survey in various portions of the United States be, and the same are, extended to authorize such surveys and investigations in Puerto Rico.
+
+(June 17, 1935, ch. 268, 49 Stat. 386.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Transfer of Functions For transfer of functions of other officers, employees, and agencies of Department of the Interior, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of the Interior, with power to delegate, see Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1950, §§ 1, 2, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3174, 64 Stat. 1262, set out under section 1451 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "43 U.S.C. § 50–1"
+description: "Funds for mappings and investigations considered intragovernmental funds"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 43
+title_name: "PUBLIC LANDS"
+chapter_number: "2"
+chapter_name: "UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY"
+section: "50–1"
+citation: "43 U.S.C. § 50–1"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc43@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t43/s50–1"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-43/usc43.xml"
+source_hash: "3802cac64fef62f9165450310acef4b800c8d74d3d4e7e5e57afca67f946d700"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "d46a16361aa9d10bbc4b27ea0561882d240801c965a2700a4b7cf5f02f552a5f"
+text_hash: "5a072d04333b4c7952a11d5ce00b4dfcfa766e08423783aae78009ebc81e6260"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 43 U.S.C. § 50–1 - Funds for mappings and investigations considered intragovernmental funds
+
+## Text
+
+Beginning October 1, 1990, and thereafter, funds received from any State, territory, possession, country, international organization, or political subdivision thereof, for topographic, geologic, or water resources mapping or investigations involving cooperation with such an entity shall be considered as intragovernmental funds as defined in the publication titled “A Glossary of Terms Used in the Federal Budget Process”.
+
+(Pub. L. 101–512, title I, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1924.)
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "43 U.S.C. § 50"
+description: "Survey’s share of cost of topographic mapping or water resources investigations carried on with States"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 43
+title_name: "PUBLIC LANDS"
+chapter_number: "2"
+chapter_name: "UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY"
+section: "50"
+citation: "43 U.S.C. § 50"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc43@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t43/s50"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-43/usc43.xml"
+source_hash: "518144203628c9dd8d1662affa2521060363fe3c8b128112bdcd9ea22dfba56c"
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+text_hash: "f3a1194bcbc782e68b8202138fb0e1c150834bc1283ad1c7123bd94fb6ccd64b"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 43 U.S.C. § 50 - Survey’s share of cost of topographic mapping or water resources investigations carried on with States
+
+## Text
+
+The share of the United States Geological Survey in any topographic mapping or water resources data collection and investigations carried on in cooperation with any State or municipality shall not exceed 50 per centum of the cost thereof.
+
+(Pub. L. 119–74, div. C, title I, Jan. 23, 2026, 140 Stat. 102.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification Section text is based on act July 31, 1953, ch. 298, title I, § 1, 67 Stat. 269, as continued and modified for the fiscal year covered by the appropriation act cited as the credit to this section.
+
+Prior ProvisionsProvisions similar to those in this section were contained in the following prior appropriation acts: Pub. L. 118–42, div. E, title I, Mar. 9, 2024, 138 Stat. 227. Pub. L. 117–328, div. G, title I, Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 4768. Pub. L. 117–103, div. G, title I, Mar. 15, 2022, 136 Stat. 356. Pub. L. 116–260, div. G, title I, Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 1486. Pub. L. 116–94, div. D, title I, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 2695. Pub. L. 116–6, div. E, title I, Feb. 15, 2019, 133 Stat. 214. Pub. L. 115–141, div. G, title I, Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 643. Pub. L. 115–31, div. G, title I, May 5, 2017, 131 Stat. 444. Pub. L. 114–113, div. G, title I, Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 2534. Pub. L. 113–235, div. F, title I, Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2404. Pub. L. 113–76, div. G, title I, Jan. 17, 2014, 128 Stat. 296. Pub. L. 112–74, div. E, title I, Dec. 23, 2011, 125 Stat. 993. Pub. L. 111–88, div. A, title I, Oct. 30, 2009, 123 Stat. 2913. Pub. L. 111–8, div. E, title I, Mar. 11, 2009, 123 Stat. 710. Pub. L. 110–161, div. F, title I, Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2108. Pub. L. 109–54, title I, Aug. 2, 2005, 119 Stat. 510. Pub. L. 108–447, div. E, title I, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 3052. Pub. L. 108–108, title I, Nov. 10, 2003, 117 Stat. 1254. Pub. L. 108–7, div. F, title I, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 228. Pub. L. 107–63, title I, Nov. 5, 2001, 115 Stat. 427. Pub. L. 106–291, title I, Oct. 11, 2000, 114 Stat. 931. Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, § 1000(a)(3) [title I], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1535, 1501A–145. Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, § 101(e) [title I], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–231, 2681–242. Pub. L. 105–83, title I, Nov. 14, 1997, 111 Stat. 1552. Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, § 101(d) [title I], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–181, 3009–190. Pub. L. 104–134, title I, § 101(c) [title I], Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321–156, 1321–165; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 104–140, § 1(a), May 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 1327. Pub. L. 103–332, title I, Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2507. Pub. L. 103–138, title I, Nov. 11, 1993, 107 Stat. 1387. Pub. L. 102–381, title I, Oct. 5, 1992, 106 Stat. 1384. Pub. L. 102–154, title I, Nov. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1000. Pub. L. 101–512, title I, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1924. Pub. L. 101–121, title I, Oct. 23, 1989, 103 Stat. 710. Pub. L. 100–446, title I, Sept. 27, 1988, 102 Stat. 1790. Pub. L. 100–202, § 101(g) [title I], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–213, 1329–224. Pub. L. 99–500, § 101(h) [title I], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–242, 1783–252, and Pub. L. 99–591, § 101(h) [title I], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–242, 3341–252. Pub. L. 99–190, § 101(d) [title I], Dec. 19, 1985, 99 Stat. 1224, 1231. Pub. L. 98–473, title I, § 101(c) [title I], Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 1837, 1845. Pub. L. 98–146, title I, Nov. 4, 1983, 97 Stat. 926. Pub. L. 97–394, title I, Dec. 30, 1982, 96 Stat. 1972. Pub. L. 97–100, title I, Dec. 23, 1981, 95 Stat. 1397. Pub. L. 96–514, title I, Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2963. Pub. L. 96–126, title I, Nov. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 961. Pub. L. 95–465, title I, Oct. 17, 1978, 92 Stat. 1285. Pub. L. 95–74, title I, July 26, 1977, 91 Stat. 290. Pub. L. 94–373, title I, July 31, 1976, 90 Stat. 1048. Pub. L. 94–165, title I, Dec. 23, 1975, 89 Stat. 983. Pub. L. 93–404, title I, Aug. 31, 1974, 88 Stat. 808. Pub. L. 93–120, title I, Oct. 4, 1973, 87 Stat. 434. Pub. L. 92–369, title I, Aug. 10, 1972, 86 Stat. 513. Pub. L. 92–76, title I, Aug. 10, 1971, 85 Stat. 234. Pub. L. 91–361, title I, July 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 674. Pub. L. 91–98, title I, Oct. 29, 1969, 83 Stat. 152. Pub. L. 90–425, title I, July 26, 1968, 82 Stat. 431. Pub. L. 90–28, title I, June 24, 1967, 81 Stat. 64. Pub. L. 89–435, title I, May 31, 1966, 80 Stat. 175. Pub. L. 89–52, title I, June 28, 1965, 79 Stat. 181. Pub. L. 88–356, title I, July 7, 1964, 78 Stat. 280. Pub. L. 88–79, title I, July 26, 1963, 77 Stat. 103. Pub. L. 87–578, title I, Aug. 9, 1962, 76 Stat. 341. Pub. L. 87–122, title I, Aug. 3, 1961, 75 Stat. 252. Pub. L. 86–455, title I, May 13, 1960, 74 Stat. 108. Pub. L. 86–60, title I, June 23, 1959, 73 Stat. 96. Pub. L. 85–439, title I, June 4, 1958, 72 Stat. 159. Pub. L. 85–77, title I, July 1, 1957, 71 Stat. 261. June 13, 1956, ch. 380, title I, 70 Stat. 261. June 16, 1955, ch. 147, title I, 69 Stat. 145. July 1, 1954, ch. 446, title I, 68 Stat. 368. July 31, 1953, ch. 298, title I, 67 Stat. 269. July 9, 1952, ch. 597, title I, 66 Stat. 454. Aug. 31, 1951, ch. 375, title I, 65 Stat. 259. Sept. 6, 1950, ch. 896, Ch. VII, title I, 64 Stat. 690.
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "43 U.S.C. § 50a"
+description: "Working capital fund for United States Geological Survey"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 43
+title_name: "PUBLIC LANDS"
+chapter_number: "2"
+chapter_name: "UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY"
+section: "50a"
+citation: "43 U.S.C. § 50a"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc43@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t43/s50a"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-43/usc43.xml"
+source_hash: "dcdde8475e15ca45f6f597da9a2cf309c8241377e78033c89a363596e79b3822"
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+text_hash: "152ea5ace5aaf46a19a94f4be4d1bb3b124a6e3efc1535dc89fc591ea774a42c"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 43 U.S.C. § 50a - Working capital fund for United States Geological Survey
+
+## Text
+
+There is hereby established in the Treasury of the United States a working capital fund to assist in the management of certain support activities of the United States Geological Survey (hereafter referred to as the “Survey”), Department of the Interior. The fund shall be available on and after November 5, 1990, without fiscal year limitation for expenses necessary for furnishing materials, supplies, equipment, work, facilities, and services in support of Survey programs, and, as authorized by law, to agencies of the Federal Government and others. Such expenses may include laboratory modernization and equipment replacement, computer operations, maintenance, and telecommunications services; requirements definition, systems analysis, and design services; acquisition or development of software; systems support services such as implementation assistance, training, and maintenance; acquisition and replacement of computer, publications, scientific instrumentation, telecommunications, and related automatic data processing equipment; and, such other activities as may be approved by the Secretary of the Interior. There are authorized to be transferred to the fund, at fair and reasonable values at the time of transfer, inventories, equipment, receivables, and other assets, less liabilities, related to the functions to be financed by the fund as determined by the Secretary of the Interior: Provided, That the fund shall be credited with appropriations and other funds of the Survey, and other agencies of the Department of the Interior, other Federal agencies, and other sources, for providing materials, supplies, equipment, work, and services as authorized by law and such payments may be made in advance or upon performance: Provided further, That charges to users will be at rates approximately equal to the costs of furnishing the materials, supplies, equipment, facilities, and services, including such items as depreciation of equipment and facilities, and accrued annual leave: Provided further, That all existing balances as of November 5, 1990, from amortization fees resulting from the Survey providing telecommunications services and deposited in a special fund established on the books of the Treasury and available for payment of replacement or expansion of telecommunications services as authorized by Public Law 99–190, are hereby transferred to and merged with the working capital fund, to be used for the same purposes as originally authorized: Provided further, That funds that are not necessary to carry out the activities to be financed by the fund, as determined by the Secretary, shall be covered into miscellaneous receipts of the Treasury.
+
+(Pub. L. 101–512, title I, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1924; Pub. L. 102–154, title I, Nov. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1000; Pub. L. 103–332, title I, Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2507.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextProvisions relating to the special fund authorized by Public Law 99–190, referred to in text, were formerly classified to this section. See Prior Provisions note below.
+
+Prior ProvisionsA prior section 50a, Pub. L. 99–190, § 101(d) [title I], Dec. 19, 1985, 99 Stat. 1224, 1231, related to deposit of amortization fees from Geological Survey providing telecommunications services.
+
+Amendments1994—Pub. L. 103–332 in first par., in second sentence after “work,” inserted “facilities,”, in third sentence after “include” inserted “laboratory modernization and equipment replacement,”, after “operations” inserted “, maintenance,”, and after “replacement of computer,” inserted “publications, scientific instrumentation,” and in second par., in second proviso after “depreciation of equipment” inserted “and facilities,”.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Change of Name “United States Geological Survey” substituted for “Geological Survey” in first paragraph pursuant to provision of title I of Pub. L. 102–154, set out as a note under section 31 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "43 U.S.C. § 50b"
+description: "Recording of obligations against accounts receivable and crediting of amounts received; work involving cooperation with State, Territory, etc."
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 43
+title_name: "PUBLIC LANDS"
+chapter_number: "2"
+chapter_name: "UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY"
+section: "50b"
+citation: "43 U.S.C. § 50b"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc43@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t43/s50b"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-43/usc43.xml"
+source_hash: "7dcb305ab76daaf3450fea956ec19902bb2ed59a4a1cda59b08f1952de88ba8d"
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+text_hash: "a50b883300f1bfba5f8b603aa4a0285d7c88ee0cbd7fff351f162ce148c20438"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 43 U.S.C. § 50b - Recording of obligations against accounts receivable and crediting of amounts received; work involving cooperation with State, Territory, etc.
+
+## Text
+
+Before, on, and after October 18, 1986, in carrying out work involving cooperation with any State, Territory, possession, or political subdivision thereof, the United States Geological Survey may, notwithstanding any other provision of law, record obligations against accounts receivable from any such entities and shall credit amounts received from such entities to this appropriation.
+
+(Pub. L. 99–500, § 101(h) [title I], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–242, 1783–252, and Pub. L. 99–591, § 101(h) [title I], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–242, 3341–252; Pub. L. 102–154, title I, Nov. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1000.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThis appropriation, referred to in text, probably means appropriations under the headings “Geological Survey” and “surveys, investigations, and research” of the annual Department of the Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations Act.
+
+Codification Pub. L. 99–591 is a corrected version of Pub. L. 99–500. In text, “Before, on, and after October 18, 1986” substituted for “heretofore and hereafter”.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Change of Name “United States Geological Survey” substituted in text for “Geological Survey” pursuant to provision of title I of Pub. L. 102–154, set out as a note under section 31 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "43 U.S.C. § 50c"
+description: "Payment of costs incidental to utilization of services of volunteers"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 43
+title_name: "PUBLIC LANDS"
+chapter_number: "2"
+chapter_name: "UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY"
+section: "50c"
+citation: "43 U.S.C. § 50c"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc43@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t43/s50c"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-43/usc43.xml"
+source_hash: "3fd053bc9b2dca0977fa5cafdb5a1f39e68e1ea23e76cb3d11126f10e7f95129"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "d46a16361aa9d10bbc4b27ea0561882d240801c965a2700a4b7cf5f02f552a5f"
+text_hash: "bb41ad488a135bbd91ada209686b4426caf3401ad1c239f9272e4897bf4633aa"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 43 U.S.C. § 50c - Payment of costs incidental to utilization of services of volunteers
+
+## Text
+
+Appropriations herein and on and after December 22, 1987, made shall be available for paying costs incidental to the utilization of services contributed by individuals who serve without compensation as volunteers in aid of work of the United States Geological Survey, and that within appropriations herein and on and after December 22, 1987, provided, United States Geological Survey officials may authorize either direct procurement of or reimbursement for expenses incidental to the effective use of volunteers such as, but not limited to, training, transportation, lodging, subsistence, equipment, and supplies: Provided further, That provision for such expenses or services is in accord with volunteer or cooperative agreements made with such individuals, private organizations, educational institutions, or State or local government.
+
+(Pub. L. 100–202, § 101(g) [title I], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–213, 1329–224; Pub. L. 102–154, title I, Nov. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1000.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextAppropriations herein, referred to in text, probably means appropriations under the headings “Geological Survey”, “surveys, investigations, and research” and “administrative provisions”, of the annual Department of the Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations Act.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Change of Name “United States Geological Survey” substituted in text for “Geological Survey” pursuant to provision of title I of Pub. L. 102–154, set out as a note under section 31 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "43 U.S.C. § 50d"
+description: "Services of students or recent graduates"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 43
+title_name: "PUBLIC LANDS"
+chapter_number: "2"
+chapter_name: "UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY"
+section: "50d"
+citation: "43 U.S.C. § 50d"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc43@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t43/s50d"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-43/usc43.xml"
+source_hash: "ff2d9e356e14abfc96cfac667d4f6b0412d1a447c88980870790906012168a7b"
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+text_hash: "342f31f50f3e3fa3ca2b1c0420ee7e7e6d486d449abea36daf5b159fc779f46f"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 43 U.S.C. § 50d - Services of students or recent graduates
+
+## Text
+
+The United States Geological Survey may on and after November 29, 1999, contract directly with individuals or indirectly with institutions or nonprofit organizations, without regard to section 6101 of title 41, for the temporary or intermittent services of students or recent graduates, who shall be considered employees for the purposes of chapters 57 and 81 of title 5, relating to compensation for travel and work injuries, and chapter 171 of title 28, relating to tort claims, but shall not be considered to be Federal employees for any other purposes.
+
+(Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, § 1000(a)(3) [title I], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1535, 1501A–146.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification In text, “section 6101 of title 41” substituted for “41 U.S.C. 5” on authority of Pub. L. 111–350, § 6(c), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3854, which Act enacted Title 41, Public Contracts.
+
+Prior ProvisionsProvisions similar to those in this section were contained in Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, § 101(e) [title I], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–231, 2681–243.
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "43 U.S.C. § 50e"
+description: "USGS energy and minerals research facility"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 43
+title_name: "PUBLIC LANDS"
+chapter_number: "2"
+chapter_name: "UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY"
+section: "50e"
+citation: "43 U.S.C. § 50e"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc43@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t43/s50e"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-43/usc43.xml"
+source_hash: "ac44a7f9fa5eb4c26e892d3fe4805f1202350bb1b5218c23479ae74879fbf0c5"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "d46a16361aa9d10bbc4b27ea0561882d240801c965a2700a4b7cf5f02f552a5f"
+text_hash: "e52861b8d4bcbc48edfbf1c8ef79b0f1589c5365058e2d2e021e421f2a7611ad"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 43 U.S.C. § 50e - USGS energy and minerals research facility
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Establishment The Director of the United States Geological Survey (referred to in this section as the “Director”),11 So in original. The comma probably should not appear. shall fund, through a cooperative agreement with an academic partner, the design, construction, and tenant build-out of a facility to support energy and minerals research and appurtenant associated structures.
+
+(b) Ownership The United States Geological Survey shall retain ownership of the facility and associated structures described in subsection (a).
+
+(c) Agreements The Director may enter into agreements with, and to collect and expend funds or in-kind contributions from, academic, Federal, State, or other tenants over the life of the facility described in subsection (a) for the purposes of—
+
+(1) facility planning;
+
+(2) design;
+
+(3) maintenance;
+
+(4) operation; or
+
+(5) facility improvements.
+
+(d) Leases The Director may enter into a lease or other agreement with the academic partner with which the Director has entered into a cooperative agreement under subsection (a), at no cost to the Federal Government, to obtain land on which to construct the facility described in that subsection for a term of not less than 99 years.
+
+(e) Reports The Director shall submit to Congress annual reports on—
+
+(1) the facility described in subsection (a); and
+
+(2) the authorities used under this section.
+
+(f) Authorization of appropriations There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of the Interior to carry out this section $167,000,000 for fiscal year 2022, to remain available until expended.
+
+(Pub. L. 117–58, div. D, title II, § 40204, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 960.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Wage Rate RequirementsFor provisions relating to rates of wages to be paid to laborers and mechanics on projects for construction, alteration, or repair work funded under div. D or an amendment by div. D of Pub. L. 117–58, including authority of Secretary of Labor, see section 18851 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.