Legal corpus: the complete U.S. Code (59,740 sections, all 53 titles)

Ingested titles 12–51 and 54 from OLRC USLM XML @119-100 (the whole Code
now, uniform edition; Title 53 is reserved/empty). LegalText 11,221 ->
59,740; repo total 105,704 records. Deterministic (byte-identical rerun,
verified on Title 42's 8,356 sections); make check green. make
legal-us-code default now covers every title.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>

legal/us/code/title-45/chapter-11/section-353.md

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+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "45 U.S.C. § 353"
+description: "Qualifying condition"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 45
+title_name: "RAILROADS"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "RAILROAD UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE"
+section: "353"
+citation: "45 U.S.C. § 353"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc45@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t45/s353"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-45/usc45.xml"
+source_hash: "4c075f7ca8503cd0c7d99b69b0d7bc93fb6c4534fcf6c3c29074341034d7a6f4"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "6ff04cb352e22f8a18f24c94e9adb8036909cf2a75f41489d768a5934fb9667c"
+text_hash: "80ed4c02717ca097581079179fe865a025b0e0c8bd37d2902181a6240cb9e368"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 45 U.S.C. § 353 - Qualifying condition
+
+## Text
+
+An employee shall be a “qualified employee” if the Board finds that his compensation with respect to the base year will have been not less than 2.5 times the monthly compensation base for months in such base year as computed under section 351(i) of this title, and, if such employee has had no compensation prior to such year, that he will have had compensation with respect to each of not less than five months in such year.
+
+(June 25, 1938, ch. 680, § 3, 52 Stat. 1097; June 20, 1939, ch. 227, § 10, 53 Stat. 845; Oct. 10, 1940, ch. 842, § 13, 54 Stat. 1097; July 31, 1946, ch. 709, § 308, 60 Stat. 737; May 15, 1952, ch. 290, § 2, 66 Stat. 73; Aug. 31, 1954, ch. 1164, pt. III, § 303, 68 Stat. 1041; Pub. L. 86–28, pt. III, § 304, May 19, 1959, 73 Stat. 31; Pub. L. 88–133, title III, § 301(a), Oct. 5, 1963, 77 Stat. 222; Pub. L. 90–257, title II, § 203, Feb. 15, 1968, 82 Stat. 24; Pub. L. 94–92, title I, § 1(f), Aug. 9, 1975, 89 Stat. 463; Pub. L. 98–76, title IV, § 411(a)(2), Aug. 12, 1983, 97 Stat. 436; Pub. L. 100–647, title VII, § 7202(a), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3776.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments1988—Pub. L. 100–647 inserted “with respect to the base year” after “his compensation” and substituted “2.5 times the monthly compensation base for months in such base year as computed under section 351(i) of this title” for “$1,500 with respect to the base year”. 1983—Pub. L. 98–76 substituted “$1,500” for “$1,000”. 1975—Pub. L. 94–92 substituted “five” for “seven” months. 1968—Pub. L. 90–257 substituted “$1,000” for “$750”. 1963—Pub. L. 88–133 increased from $500 to $750 the amount of compensation in a base year required to qualify for benefits and provided that if employee has had no compensation prior to such year he will have had compensation with respect to each of not less than 7 months in such year. 1959—Pub. L. 86–28 substituted “$500” for “$400”. 1954—Act Aug. 31, 1954, substituted “$400” for “$300”. 1952—Act May 15, 1952, substituted “$300” for “$150” to conform to the new table of daily benefit rates as set out in section 352 of this title. 1946—Act July 31, 1946, changed section to relate to compensation paid instead of compensation earned during a year. 1940—Act Oct. 10, 1940, reorganized structure by striking out designations for subsecs. “(a)” and “(b)” and, as so restructured, provisions of former subsec. (a) became entire section and defined “qualified employee” and provisions of former subsec. (b), which related to the employee’s waiting period, were omitted. 1939—Subsec. (b). Act June 20, 1939, substituted provisions relating to half-months as the waiting period, for provisions relating to fifteen consecutive days of unemployment or two half months.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 1988 AmendmentPub. L. 100–647, title VII, § 7202(b), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3776, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 10, 1988].”
+
+Effective Date of 1983 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 98–76 applicable to compensation paid for services rendered after Dec. 31, 1983, see section 411(b) of Pub. L. 98–76, set out as a note under section 351 of this title.
+
+Effective Date of 1975 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 94–92 effective for services rendered after Dec. 31, 1973, see section 2 of Pub. L. 94–92, set out as a note under section 351 of this title.
+
+Effective Date of 1968 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 90–257 effective with respect to base years beginning in calendar years after December 31, 1966, except that with respect to the base year in calendar year 1967 such amendments not to be applicable to an employee whose compensation with respect to that base year was not less than $750 but was less than $1,000, see section 208 of Pub. L. 90–257, set out as a note under section 352 of this title.
+
+Effective Date of 1963 AmendmentPub. L. 88–133, title III, § 301(b), Oct. 5, 1963, 77 Stat. 222, provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall be fully effective with respect to base years after 1963. With respect to the base year 1963, they shall be applicable only to an employee concerning whom the Railroad Retirement Board finds that his compensation in that portion of the calendar year 1963 preceding the first day of the calendar month next following the month of enactment of this Act [October 1963] will have been less than $500.”
+
+Effective Date of 1959 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 86–28 effective with respect to base years after the base year ending Dec. 31, 1957, see section 309 of Pub. L. 86–28, set out as a note under section 351 of this title.
+
+Effective Date of 1954 AmendmentAmendment by act Aug. 31, 1954, effective July 1, 1954, see section 401 of act Aug. 31, 1954, set out as a note under section 351 of this title.
+
+Effective Date of 1952 AmendmentAmendment by act May 15, 1952, effective with respect to benefit years beginning on and after July 1, 1952, see section 3 of act May 15, 1952, set out as a note under section 352 of this title.
+
+Effective Date of 1946 AmendmentAmendment by act July 31, 1946, effective July 1, 1947, see section 403 of act July 31, 1946, set out as a note under section 352 of this title.
+
+Effective Date of 1940 AmendmentFor effective date of amendment by act Oct. 10, 1940, see section 1 of act Oct. 10, 1940, set out as a note under section 351 of this title.

legal/us/code/title-45/chapter-11/section-354.md

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "45 U.S.C. § 354"
+description: "Disqualifying conditions"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 45
+title_name: "RAILROADS"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "RAILROAD UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE"
+section: "354"
+citation: "45 U.S.C. § 354"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc45@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t45/s354"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-45/usc45.xml"
+source_hash: "7a28b26e51f7aa8260f2f4b07f5f86d80302456d76a704570eda30c8e875f6f1"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "6ff04cb352e22f8a18f24c94e9adb8036909cf2a75f41489d768a5934fb9667c"
+text_hash: "5f7712dad0867be21e4591cc154d70f35a6fa88c02898922de12882fb6686245"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 45 U.S.C. § 354 - Disqualifying conditions
+
+## Text
+
+(a–1) Day of unemployment or day of sickness There shall not be considered as a day of unemployment, or as a day of sickness, with respect to any employee—
+
+(i) any of the seventy-five days beginning with the first day of any registration period with respect to which the Board finds that he knowingly made or aided in making or caused to be made any false or fraudulent statement or claim for the purpose of causing benefits to be paid;
+
+(ii) any day in any period with respect to which the Board finds that he is receiving or will have received annuity payments under the Railroad Retirement Act of 1974 [45 U.S.C. 231 et seq.], or insurance benefits under title II of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 401 et seq.], or unemployment, maternity, or sickness benefits under an unemployment, maternity, or sickness compensation law other than this chapter, or any other social-insurance payments under any law: Provided, That if an employee receives or is held entitled to receive any such payments, other than unemployment, maternity, or sickness payments, with respect to any period which include days of unemployment or sickness in a registration period, after benefits under this chapter for such registration period will have been paid, the amount by which such benefits under this chapter will have been increased by including such days as days of unemployment or as days of sickness shall be recoverable by the Board: Provided further, That, if that part of any such payment or payments, other than unemployment, maternity, or sickness payments, which is apportionable to such days of unemployment or days of sickness is less in amount than the benefits under this chapter which, but for this paragraph, would be payable and not recoverable with respect to such days of unemployment or days of sickness, the preceding provisions of this paragraph shall not apply but such benefits under this chapter for such days of unemployment or days of sickness shall be diminished or recoverable in the amount of such part of such other payment or payments;
+
+(iii) if he is paid a separation allowance, any of the days in the period beginning with the day following his separation from service and continuing for that number of consecutive fourteen-day periods which is equal, or most nearly equal, to the amount of the separation allowance divided (i) by ten times his last daily rate of compensation prior to his separation if he normally works five days a week, (ii) by twelve times such rate if he normally works six days a week, and (iii) by fourteen times such rate if he normally works seven days a week; 11 So in original. The semicolon probably should be a period.
+
+(a–2) Day of unemployment (i) (A) subject to the provisions of subdivision (B) hereof, any of the days in the period beginning with the day with respect to which the Board finds that he left work voluntarily, and continuing until he has been paid compensation of not less than $1,500 with respect to time after the beginning of such period and before 1989 or, if any part of such compensation is paid in a calendar year after 1988, not less than an amount that is equal to 2.5 times the monthly compensation base for months in such calendar year, as computed under section 351(i) of this title;
+
+(B) if the Board finds that he left work voluntarily with good cause, the provisions of subdivision (A) shall not apply, with respect to him, to any day in a registration period if such period does not include any day which is in a period for which he could receive benefits under an unemployment compensation law other than this chapter, and he so certifies. Such certification shall, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, be accepted subject to the penalty provisions of section 359(a) of this title;
+
+(ii) any of the thirty days beginning with the day with respect to which the Board finds that he failed, without good cause, to accept suitable work available on such day and offered to him, or to comply with instructions from the Board requiring him to apply for suitable work or to report, in person or by mail as the Board may require, to an employment office;
+
+(iii) subject to the provisions of subsection (b) of this section, any day with respect to which the Board finds that his unemployment was due to a stoppage of work because of a strike in the establishment, premises, or enterprise at which he was last employed, and the Board finds that such strike was commenced in violation of the provisions of the Railway Labor Act [45 U.S.C. 151 et seq.] or in violation of the established rules and practices of a bona fide labor organization of which he was a member.
+
+(b) Participation, interest, or financial assistance in labor dispute The disqualification provided in subsection (a–2)(iii) of this section shall not apply if the Board finds that—
+
+(i) the employee is not participating in or financing or directly interested in the strike which causes the stoppage of work: Provided, That payment of regular union dues shall not be construed to constitute financing a strike or direct interest in a strike within the meaning of this and the following paragraphs; and
+
+(ii) he does not belong to a grade or class of workers of which, immediately before the commencement of the stoppage, there were members employed in the establishment, premises, or enterprise at which the stoppage occurs, any of whom are participating in or financing or directly interested in the dispute: Provided, That if separate types of work are commonly conducted in separate departments of a single enterprise, each such department shall, for the purposes of this subsection, be deemed to be a separate establishment, enterprise, or other premises.
+
+(c) Unsuitable work No work shall be deemed suitable for the purposes of subsection (a–2)(ii) of this section, and benefits shall not be denied under this chapter to any otherwise qualified employee for refusing to accept work if—
+
+(i) the position offered is vacant due directly to a strike, lockout, or other labor dispute;
+
+(ii) the remuneration, hours, or other conditions of work offered are substantially less favorable to the employee than those prevailing for similar work in the locality, or the rate of remuneration is less than the union wage rate, if any, for similar work in the locality;
+
+(iii) as a condition of being employed he would be required to join a company union or to resign from or refrain from joining any bona fide labor organization;
+
+(iv) acceptance of the work would require him to engage in activities in violation of law or which, by reason of their being in violation of reasonable requirements of the constitution, bylaws, or similar regulations of a bona fide labor organization of which he is a member, would subject him to expulsion from such labor organization; or
+
+(v) acceptance of the work would subject him to loss of substantial seniority rights under any collective bargaining agreement between a railway labor organization, organized in accordance with the provisions of the Railway Labor Act [45 U.S.C. 151 et seq.], and any other employer.
+
+(d) Factors in determination of suitable work In determining, within the limitations of subsection (c) of this section, whether or not any work is suitable for an employee for the purposes of subsection (a–2)(ii) of this section, the Board shall consider, in addition to such other factors as it deems relevant, (i) the current practices recognized by management and labor with respect to such work; (ii) the degree of risk involved to such employee’s health, safety, and morals; (iii) his physical fitness and prior training; (iv) his experience and prior earnings; (v) his length of unemployment and prospects for securing work in his customary occupation; and (vi) the distance of the available work from his residence and from his most recent work.
+
+(e) Voluntarily leaving unsuitable work For the purposes of subsection (a–2)(i) of this section, no voluntary leaving of work shall be deemed to have been without good cause if the Board finds that such work would not have been suitable for the purposes of subsection (a–2)(ii) of this section.
+
+(June 25, 1938, ch. 680, § 4, 52 Stat. 1098; June 20, 1939, ch. 227, § 11, 53 Stat. 846; Oct. 10, 1940, ch. 842, §§ 14–18, 54 Stat. 1097, 1098; July 31, 1946, ch. 709, §§ 309, 310, 60 Stat. 737, 738; Oct. 30, 1951, ch. 632, § 27, 65 Stat. 691; Pub. L. 85–927, pt. II, § 202, Sept. 6, 1958, 72 Stat. 1782; Pub. L. 86–28, pt. III, § 305, May 19, 1959, 73 Stat. 31; Pub. L. 88–133, title III, § 302(a), Oct. 5, 1963, 77 Stat. 222; Pub. L. 90–257, title II, § 204, Feb. 15, 1968, 82 Stat. 24; Pub. L. 93–445, title IV, § 402, Oct. 16, 1974, 88 Stat. 1359; Pub. L. 98–76, title IV, § 411(a)(3), Aug. 12, 1983, 97 Stat. 436; Pub. L. 100–647, title VII, § 7101(d), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3758.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThe Railroad Retirement Act of 1974, referred to in subsec. (a–1)(ii), is act Aug. 29, 1935, ch. 812, as amended generally by Pub. L. 93–445, title I, § 101, Oct. 16, 1974, 88 Stat. 1305, which is classified generally to subchapter IV (§ 231 et seq.) of chapter 9 of this title. For further details and complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Codification note set out preceding section 231 of this title, section 231t of this title, and Tables. The Social Security Act, referred to in subsec. (a–1)(ii), is act Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620. Title II of the Social Security Act is classified generally to subchapter II (§ 401 et seq.) of chapter 7 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1305 of Title 42 and Tables. This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (a–1)(ii), (a–2)(i)(B), and (c), was in the original “this Act”, meaning act June 25, 1938, ch. 680, 52 Stat. 1094, which enacted this chapter and amended sections 503 and 1104 and former section 1107 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 367 of this title and Tables. The Railway Labor Act, referred to in subsecs. (a–2)(iii) and (c)(v), is act May 20, 1926, ch. 347, 44 Stat. 577, which is classified principally to chapter 8 (§ 151 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 151 of this title and Tables.
+
+Amendments1988—Subsec. (a–2)(i)(A). Pub. L. 100–647 inserted “and before 1989 or, if any part of such compensation is paid in a calendar year after 1988, not less than an amount that is equal to 2.5 times the monthly compensation base for months in such calendar year, as computed under section 351(i) of this title” after “such period”. 1983—Subsec. (a–2)(i)(A). Pub. L. 98–76 substituted “$1,500” for “$1,000”. 1974—Subsec. (a–1)(ii). Pub. L. 93–445 substituted “annuity payments under the Railroad Retirement Act of 1974” for “annuity payments or pensions under the Railroad Retirement Act of 1935 or the Railroad Retirement Act of 1937”. 1968—Subsec. (a–1)(iii). Pub. L. 90–257, § 204(a), added cl. (iii). Subsec. (a–2)(i)(A). Pub. L. 90–257, § 204(b), substituted “$1,000” for “$750”. 1963—Subsec. (a–2)(i). Pub. L. 88–133 substituted cl. (i) providing in subd. (A) that an employee who voluntarily leaves his work shall not be considered as having days of unemployment for a period beginning with the day he so leaves and continuing until he has been paid compensation of not less than $750 with respect to time after the beginning of such period and subd. (B) that if the Board finds that the employee left work voluntarily with good cause, such disqualification shall not apply, except that in such case the employee would not be considered as having days of unemployment with respect to any day in a registration period if such period includes a day which is in a period for which he could receive benefits under an unemployment law other than this chapter and he so certifies, for former cl. (i) providing that an employee who leaves work voluntarily is not considered as having days of unemployment with respect to any of the first 30 days after he so leaves if the Board finds that he left work voluntarily without good cause. 1959—Subsec. (a–2)(iv). Pub. L. 86–28 struck out cl. (iv) which prevented Sundays and holidays from being considered as days of unemployment unless they were preceded and succeeded by a day of unemployment. 1958—Subsec. (a–1)(ii). Pub. L. 85–927 substituted “other than this chapter or any other social-insurance payments under any law” for “of any State of the United States other than this chapter, or any other social-insurance payments under a law of any State or of the United States”. 1951—Subsec. (a–1). Act Oct. 30, 1951, struck out cls. (iii) and (iv) which excepted from consideration as a day of unemployment or as a day of sickness, any days in any registration period in which the employee had certain specified earnings. 1946—Subsec. (a–1). Act July 31, 1946, § 309(a), (b), designated provisions of former subsec. (a) which apply both to days of unemployment and to days of sickness as subsec. (a–1) and changed cl. (ii) to include sickness and maternity benefits. Subsec. (a–2). Act July 31, 1946, § 309(c), designated provisions of former subsec. (a) which apply only to days of unemployment as subsec. (a–2). Subsecs. (b) to (e). Act July 31, 1946, § 310, changed references to subsec. (a) of this section to refer to subsec. (a–2). 1940—Subsec. (a)(ii). Act Oct. 10, 1940, § 14, inserted provisions relating to employee’s failure to comply with instructions of the Board. Subsec. (a)(iv). Act Oct. 10, 1940, § 15, substituted “registration period” for “half-month”. Subsec. (a)(v). Act Oct. 10, 1940, § 16, struck out applicability to employee having a right to receive compensation or other wages in lieu of notice, and inserted provisions relating to recovery of certain other payments and inapplicability of paragraph under specified conditions. Subsec. (a)(vi). Act Oct. 10, 1940, § 17, substituted provisions relating to earnings of employees during any day in any registration period, for provisions relating to earnings of employees during any day in any half-month. Subsec. (a)(vii), (viii). Act Oct. 10, 1940, § 18, added cls. (vii) and (viii). 1939—Subsec. (a). Act June 20, 1939, generally revised criteria for determining what shall not be considered as a day of unemployment with respect to any employee. Subsec. (b). Act June 20, 1939, substituted provisions setting forth criteria for determining nonapplicability of disqualification provided in subsec. (a)(iii) of this section, for provisions setting forth criteria for determining nonapplicability of disqualification provided in subsec. (a)(v) of this section. Subsecs. (c) to (e). Act June 20, 1939, substituted references to subsec. (a)(ii) of this section for references to subsec. (a)(iii) or (iv) of this section.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 1983 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 98–76 applicable to compensation paid for services rendered after Dec. 31, 1983, see section 411(b) of Pub. L. 98–76, set out as a note under section 351 of this title.
+
+Effective Date of 1974 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 93–445 effective Jan. 1, 1975, see section 603 of Pub. L. 93–445, set out as a note under section 402 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.
+
+Effective Date of 1968 AmendmentAmendment by section 204(a) of Pub. L. 90–257 effective with respect to calendar days in benefit years beginning after June 30, 1968, and amendment by section 204(b) of Pub. L. 90–257 effective with respect to voluntary leaving of work (within the meaning of subsec. (a–2)(i) this section) after February 15, 1968, see section 208 of Pub. L. 90–257, set out as a note under section 352 of this title.
+
+Effective Date of 1963 AmendmentPub. L. 88–133, title III, § 302(b), Oct. 5, 1963, 77 Stat. 222, provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall be effective only with respect to an employee who leaves work voluntarily after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 5, 1963].”
+
+Effective Date of 1959 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 86–28 effective with respect to benefits accruing in general benefit years which begin after the benefit year ending June 30, 1958, and in extended benefit periods which begin after Dec. 31, 1957, see section 309 of Pub. L. 86–28, set out as a note under section 351 of this title.
+
+Effective Date of 1958 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 85–927 effective with respect to days in benefit years after the benefit year ending on June 30, 1958, see section 207(a) of Pub. L. 85–927, set out as a note under section 351 of this title.
+
+Effective Date of 1951 AmendmentAmendment by act Oct. 30, 1951, effective with respect to registration periods beginning on and after Jan. 1, 1952, see section 28 of act Oct. 30, 1951, set out as a note under section 351 of this title.
+
+Effective Date of 1946 AmendmentAmendment by act July 31, 1946, effective July 1, 1947, see section 403 of act July 31, 1946, set out as a note under section 352 of this title.
+
+Effective Date of 1940 AmendmentFor effective date of amendment by act Oct. 10, 1940, see section 1 of act Oct. 10, 1940, set out as a note under section 351 of this title.

legal/us/code/title-45/chapter-11/section-355.md

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "45 U.S.C. § 355"
+description: "Claims for benefits"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 45
+title_name: "RAILROADS"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "RAILROAD UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE"
+section: "355"
+citation: "45 U.S.C. § 355"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc45@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t45/s355"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-45/usc45.xml"
+source_hash: "9843bd631046d8627b473f9e1a049cc759df8940c93238449357fab94ee31781"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "6ff04cb352e22f8a18f24c94e9adb8036909cf2a75f41489d768a5934fb9667c"
+text_hash: "94ddf9e0636699dcd37fd21c0a4ccc83b6a57e6065d9e16c4dde49b0e2f9aaee"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 45 U.S.C. § 355 - Claims for benefits
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Publication of Board’s regulations Claims for benefits and appeals from determinations with respect thereto shall be made in accordance with such regulations as the Board shall prescribe. Each employer shall post and maintain, in places readily accessible to employees in his service, such printed statements concerning such regulations as the Board supplies to him for such purpose, and shall keep available to his employees copies of such printed statements. Such printed statements shall be supplied by the Board to each employer without cost to him.
+
+(b) Findings, hearings, investigations, etc., by Board The Board is authorized and directed to make findings of fact with respect to any claim for benefits and to make decisions as to the right of any claimant to benefits. The Board is further authorized to hold such hearings, to conduct such investigations and other proceedings, and to establish, by regulations or otherwise, such procedures as it may deem necessary or proper for the determination of a right to benefits. When a claim for benefits is filed with the Board, the Board shall provide notice of such claim to the claimant’s base-year employer or employers and afford such employer or employers an opportunity to submit information relevant to the claim before making an initial determination on the claim. When the Board initially determines to pay benefits to a claimant under this chapter, the Board shall provide notice of such determination to the claimant’s base-year employer or employers.
+
+(c) Hearing and review of decisions on claims (1) Each qualified employee whose claim for benefits has been denied in whole or in part upon an initial determination with respect thereto upon a basis other than one which is reviewable pursuant to one of the succeeding paragraphs of this subsection, shall be granted an opportunity for a fair hearing thereon before a referee or such other reviewing body as the Board may establish or assign thereto. In any such case the Board or the person or reviewing body so established or assigned shall, by publication or otherwise, notify all parties properly interested of their right to participate in the hearing and of the time and place of the hearing.
+
+(2) Any claimant whose claim for benefits has been denied in an initial determination with respect thereto upon the basis of his not being a qualified employee, and any claimant who contends that under an initial determination of his claim he has been awarded benefits at less than the proper rate, may appeal to the Board for the review of such determination. Thereupon the Board shall review the determination and for such review may designate one of its officers or employees to receive evidence and to report to the Board thereon together with recommendations. In any such case the Board or the person so designated shall, by publication or otherwise, notify all parties properly interested of their right to participate in the proceeding and, if a hearing is to be held, of the time and place of the hearing. At the request of any party properly interested the Board shall provide for a hearing, and may provide for a hearing on its own motion. The Board shall prescribe regulations governing the appeals provided for in this paragraph and for decisions upon such appeal.
+
+(3) Any base-year employer of a claimant whose claim for benefits has been granted in whole or in part, either in an initial determination with respect thereto or in a determination after a hearing pursuant to paragraph (1), and who contends that the determination is erroneous for a reason or reasons other than a reason that is reviewable under paragraph (4), may appeal to the Board for review of such determination. Despite such an appeal, the benefits awarded shall be paid to such claimant, subject to recovery by the Board if and to the extent found on the appeal to have been erroneously awarded. The Board shall take such action as is appropriate to recover the amount of such benefits including if feasible adjustment in subsequent payments pursuant to the first two paragraphs of section 352(d) of this title. Upon an appeal, the Board shall review the determination appealed from and for such review may designate one of its officers or employees to receive evidence and report to the Board thereof together with recommendations. In any such case the Board or the person so designated shall, by publication or otherwise, notify all parties properly interested of their right to participate in the proceeding and, if a hearing is to be held, of the time and place of the hearing. At the request of any party properly interested the Board shall provide for a hearing, and may provide for a hearing on its own motion. The Board shall prescribe regulations governing the appeals provided for in this paragraph and for decisions upon such appeal.
+
+(4) In any case in which benefits are awarded to a claimant in whole or in part upon the basis of pay earned in the service of a person or company found by the Board to be an employer as defined in this chapter but which denies that it is such an employer, such benefits awarded on such basis shall be paid to such claimant subject to a right of recovery of such benefits. The Board shall thereupon designate one of its officers or employees to receive evidence and to report to the Board on whether such benefits should be repaid. The Board may also designate one of its officers or employees to receive evidence and report to the Board whether or not any person or company is entitled to a refund of contributions or should be required to pay contributions under this chapter, regardless of whether or not any claims for benefits will have been filed upon the basis of service in the employ of such person or company, and shall follow such procedure if contributions are assessed and payment is refused or payment is made and a refund claimed upon the basis that such person or company is or will not have been liable for such contributions. In any such case the Board or the person so designated shall, by publication or otherwise, notify all parties properly interested of their right to participate in the proceeding and, if a hearing is to be held, of the time and place of the hearing. At the request of any party properly interested the Board shall provide for a hearing, and may provide for a hearing on its own motion. The Board shall prescribe regulations governing the proceedings provided for in this paragraph and for decisions upon such proceedings.
+
+(5) Final decision of the Board in the cases provided for in the preceding three paragraphs shall be communicated to the claimant and to the other interested parties within fifteen days after it is made. Any properly interested party notified, as hereinabove provided, of his right to participate in the proceedings may obtain a review of any such decision by which he claims to be aggrieved or the determination of any issue therein in the manner provided in subsection (f) of this section with respect to the review of the Board’s decisions upon claims for benefits and subject to all provisions of law applicable to the review of such decisions. Subject only to such review, the decision of the Board upon all issues determined in such decision shall be final and conclusive for all purposes and shall conclusively establish all rights and obligations, arising under this chapter, of every party notified as hereinabove provided of his right to participate in the proceedings.
+
+(6) For purposes of this subsection and subsections (d) and (f), any base-year employer of the claimant is a properly interested party.
+
+(7) Any issue determinable pursuant to this subsection and subsection (f) of this section shall not be determined in any manner other than pursuant to this subsection and subsection (f).
+
+(d) Decisions of reviewing bodies; review and finality The Board shall prescribe regulations governing the filing of cases with and the decision of cases by reviewing bodies, and the review of such decisions. The Board may provide for intermediate reviews of such decisions by such bodies as the Board may establish or assign thereto. The Board may (i) on its own motion review a decision of an intermediate reviewing body on the basis of the evidence previously submitted in such case, and may direct the taking of additional evidence, or (ii) permit such parties as it finds properly interested in the proceedings to take appeals to the Board. Unless a review or an appeal is had pursuant to this subsection, the decision of an intermediate reviewing body shall, subject to such regulations as the Board may prescribe, be deemed to be the final decision of the Board.
+
+(e) Application of rules of evidence in law and equity; notice of findings In any proceeding other than a court proceeding, the rules of evidence prevailing in courts of law or equity shall not be controlling, but a full and complete record shall be kept of all proceedings and testimony, and the Board’s final determination, together with its findings of fact and conclusions of law in connection therewith, shall be communicated to the parties within fifteen days after the date of such final determination.
+
+(f) Review of final decision of Board by Courts of Appeals; costs Any claimant, or any railway labor organization organized in accordance with the provisions of the Railway Labor Act [45 U.S.C. 151 et seq.], of which claimant is a member, or any base-year employer of the claimant, or any other party aggrieved by a final decision under subsection (c) of this section, may, only after all administrative remedies within the Board will have been availed of and exhausted, obtain a review of any final decision of the Board by filing a petition for review within ninety days after the mailing of notice of such decision to the claimant or other party, or within such further time as the Board may allow, in the United States court of appeals for the circuit in which the claimant or other party resides or will have had his principal place of business or principal executive office, or in the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit or in the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia. A copy of such petition, together with initial process, shall forth-with be served upon the Board or any officer designated by it for such purpose. A copy of such petition also shall forthwith be served upon any other properly interested party, and such party shall be a party to the review proceeding. Service may be made upon the Board by registered mail addressed to the Chairman. Within thirty days after receipt of service, or within such additional time as the court may allow, the Board shall file with the court in which such petition has been filed the record upon which the findings and decision complained of are based, as provided in section 2112 of title 28. Upon the filing of such petition the court shall have exclusive jurisdiction of the proceeding and of the question determined therein. It shall have power to enter a decree affirming, modifying, or reversing the decision of the Board, with or without remanding the cause for rehearing. The findings of the Board as to the facts, if supported by evidence and in the absence of fraud, shall be conclusive. No additional evidence shall be received by the court but the court may order additional evidence to be taken before the Board, and the Board may, after hearing such additional evidence, modify its findings of fact and conclusions and file such additional or modified findings and conclusions with the court, and the Board shall file with the court the additional record. The judgment and decree of the court shall be final, subject to review as in equity cases. An applicant for review of a final decision of the Board concerning a claim for benefits shall not be liable for costs, including costs of serv­ice, or costs of printing records, except that costs may be assessed by the court against such applicant if the court determines that the proceedings for such review have been instituted or continued without reasonable ground.
+
+(g) Finality of Board decisions Findings of fact and conclusions of law of the Board in the determination of any claim for benefits or refund, the determination of any other matter pursuant to subsection (c) of this section, and the determination of the Board that the unexpended funds in the account are available for the payment of any claim for benefits or refund under this chapter, shall be, except as provided in subsection (f) of this section, binding and conclusive for all purposes and upon all persons, including the Comptroller General and any other administrative or accounting officer, employee, or agent of the United States, and shall not be subject to review in any manner other than that set forth in subsection (f) of this section.
+
+(h) Benefits payable prior to final decision of Board Except as may be otherwise prescribed by regulations of the Board, benefits payable with respect to any period prior to the date of a final decision of the Board with respect to a claim therefor, shall be paid only after such final decision.
+
+(i) Fees for presenting claims; penalties No claimant or other properly interested person claiming benefits shall be charged fees of any kind by the Board, its employees or representatives, with respect to such claim. Any such claimant or other properly interested person may be represented by counsel or other duly authorized agent, in any proceeding before the Board or its representatives or a court, but no such counsel or agent for a claimant shall either charge or receive for such services more than an amount approved by the Board or by the court before whom the proceedings of the Board are reviewed. Any person who violates any provision of this subsection shall be punished by a fine of not more than $10,000 or by imprisonment not exceeding one year.
+
+(June 25, 1938, ch. 680, § 5, 52 Stat. 1099; Oct. 10, 1940, ch. 842, §§ 19, 20, 54 Stat. 1098; July 31, 1946, ch. 709, §§ 311–316, 60 Stat. 738; June 25, 1948, ch. 646, §§ 1, 32(a), 62 Stat. 870, 991; May 24, 1949, ch. 139, § 127, 63 Stat. 107; Pub. L. 85–791, § 23, Aug. 28, 1958, 72 Stat. 948; Pub. L. 97–35, title XI, § 1128(a), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 641; Pub. L. 98–620, title IV, § 402(47), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3360; Pub. L. 100–647, title VII, § 7104(a)–(c), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3771.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThis chapter, referred to in subsecs. (b), (c)(4), (5), and (g), was in the original “this Act”, meaning act June 25, 1938, ch. 680, 52 Stat. 1094, which enacted this chapter and amended sections 503 and 1104 and former section 1107 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 367 of this title and Tables. The Railway Labor Act, referred to in subsec. (f), is act May 20, 1926, ch. 347, 44 Stat. 577, which is classified principally to chapter 8 (§ 151 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 151 of this title and Tables.
+
+Codification In subsec. (f), “Courts of Appeals”, “United States court of appeals for the circuit”, “United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit” substituted for “Circuit Courts of Appeals”, “United States circuit court of appeals for the circuit”, and “United States Circuit Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit”, respectively, on authority of act June 25, 1948, § 32(a), as amended by act May 24, 1949, § 127. “United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia” substituted for “Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia” pursuant to act June 7, 1934, ch. 426, 48 Stat. 926.
+
+Amendments1988—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 100–647, § 7104(a), inserted at end “When a claim for benefits is filed with the Board, the Board shall provide notice of such claim to the claimant’s base-year employer or employers and afford such employer or employers an opportunity to submit information relevant to the claim before making an initial determination on the claim. When the Board initially determines to pay benefits to a claimant under this chapter, the Board shall provide notice of such determination to the claimant’s base-year employer or employers.” Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 100–647, § 7401(b)(1), (2), inserted “(1)” after “(c)” and inserted at end “In any such case the Board or the person or reviewing body so established or assigned shall, by publication or otherwise, notify all parties properly interested of their right to participate in the hearing and of the time and place of the hearing.” Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 100–647, § 7104(b)(3), inserted “(2)” before “Any claimant whose claim”. Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 100–647, § 7104(b)(4), added par. (3). Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 100–647, § 7104(b)(5), inserted “(4)” before “In any case in which”. Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 100–647, § 7104(b)(6), (7), inserted “(5)” before “Final decision of the Board” and substituted “preceding three paragraphs” for “preceding two paragraphs”. Subsec. (c)(6). Pub. L. 100–647, § 7104(b)(8), added par. (6). Subsec. (c)(7). Pub. L. 100–647, § 7104(b)(9), inserted “(7)” before “Any issue determinable”. Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 100–647, § 7104(c), inserted “or any base-year employer of the claimant,” after “member,” and inserted after second sentence “A copy of such petition also shall forthwith be served upon any other properly interested party, and such party shall be a party to the review proceeding.” 1984—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 98–620 struck out provision requiring court to give precedence in adjudication of petition over all other civil cases not otherwise entitled by law to precedence. 1981—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 97–35 substituted “Within thirty days” for “Within fifteen days”. 1958—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 85–791, in fourth sentence, struck out “certify and” after “shall” and “a transcript of” after “filed”, and inserted “as provided in section 2112 of title 28”; in fifth sentence, substituted “the filing of such petition” for “such filing”; in sixth sentence, struck out “upon the pleadings and transcript of the record,” after “enter”; and in eighth sentence struck out “a transcript of” before “the additional record”. 1946—Subsec. (c). Act July 31, 1946, § 311, struck out provisions for district boards, placing their functions in referees or such other reviewing bodies as Board may establish; changed third par. to allow Board to determine if a person or company is covered by this chapter regardless of whether or not benefit claims are pending; and added last par. Subsec. (d). Act July 31, 1946, § 312, changed references to district boards to refer to reviewing bodies. Subsec. (e). Act July 31, 1946, § 313, struck out provisions restricting subsection to proceedings on a claim for benefits. Subsec. (f). Act July 31, 1946, § 314, changed first sentence to provide for review by circuit courts of appeals instead of district courts. Subsec. (g). Act July 31, 1946, § 315, inserted reference to determination of any other matter pursuant to subsec. (c) of this section. Subsec. (i). Act July 31, 1946, § 316, extended provisions to other properly interested persons besides a claimant. 1940—Subsec. (c). Act Oct. 10, 1940, substituted provisions relating to a fair hearing for each qualified employee for provisions relating to a fair hearing for each claimant, and added paragraphs relating to review for claimants denied benefits on basis of not being a qualified employee or awarded benefits at an improper rate, payment of benefits to employees of noncomplying employers, and final decisions of Board.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 1988 AmendmentPub. L. 100–647, title VII, § 7104(f), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3772, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 362 of this title] shall take effect on January 1, 1990.”
+
+Effective Date of 1984 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 98–620 not applicable to cases pending on Nov. 8, 1984, see section 403 of Pub. L. 98–620, set out as a note under section 1657 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.
+
+Effective Date of 1981 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 97–35 effective Oct. 1, 1981, and applicable only with respect to annuities awarded on or after that date, see section 1129 of Pub. L. 97–35, set out as a note under section 231 of this title.
+
+Effective Date of 1946 AmendmentAmendment by act July 31, 1946, effective July 31, 1946, see section 401 of act July 31, 1946.
+
+Effective Date of 1940 AmendmentFor effective date of amendment by act Oct. 10, 1940, see section 1 of act Oct. 10, 1940, set out as a note under section 351 of this title.

legal/us/code/title-45/chapter-11/section-355a.md

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "45 U.S.C. § 355a"
+description: "Acceptance of claims for benefits"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 45
+title_name: "RAILROADS"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "RAILROAD UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE"
+section: "355a"
+citation: "45 U.S.C. § 355a"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc45@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t45/s355a"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-45/usc45.xml"
+source_hash: "25110ae2a277836658a00f11c0ad383cd2726c24af1fdf11e4d6ecf028e4195e"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "6ff04cb352e22f8a18f24c94e9adb8036909cf2a75f41489d768a5934fb9667c"
+text_hash: "b40de63f9c7ce78d4895012ffe47c0cef9b1bf81fce3f6435c1ef9c13dbef227"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 45 U.S.C. § 355a - Acceptance of claims for benefits
+
+## Text
+
+Whenever there is duly tendered to the Board, by any person, any claim for unemployment compensation pursuant to the Railroad Unemployment Insurance Act [45 U.S.C. 351 et seq.], such claim shall be accepted by the Board without delay and appropriate administrative action for the allowance or disallowance of such claim shall be taken by the Board at the earliest practicable time.
+
+(June 29, 1956, ch. 477, title V, § 501, 70 Stat. 437.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThe Railroad Unemployment Insurance Act, referred to in text, is act June 25, 1938, ch. 680, 52 Stat. 1094, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 367 of this title and Tables.
+
+Codification Section was enacted as part of act June 29, 1956, popularly known as the Departments of Labor, and Health, Education, and Welfare, Appropriation Act, 1957, and not as a part of the Railroad Unemployment Insurance Act which comprises this chapter.
+
+Prior ProvisionsSimilar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation act: Aug. 1, 1955, ch. 437, title V, § 501, 69 Stat. 411.

legal/us/code/title-45/chapter-11/section-356.md

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "45 U.S.C. § 356"
+description: "Returns of compensation; conclusiveness; failure to make"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 45
+title_name: "RAILROADS"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "RAILROAD UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE"
+section: "356"
+citation: "45 U.S.C. § 356"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc45@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t45/s356"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-45/usc45.xml"
+source_hash: "a1b7a3a25c5866444886b28af26c254fa1b1b825150e0cea56f98b61a125c92b"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "6ff04cb352e22f8a18f24c94e9adb8036909cf2a75f41489d768a5934fb9667c"
+text_hash: "78e665079dfa2caa1aa26c12f10ff79d0ec185da56756ef4ff1faf123fd0a871"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 45 U.S.C. § 356 - Returns of compensation; conclusiveness; failure to make
+
+## Text
+
+Employers shall file with the Board, in such manner and at such times as the Board by regulations may prescribe, returns of compensation of employees, and, if the Board shall so require, shall distribute to employees annual statements of compensation: Provided, That no returns shall be required of employers which would duplicate information contained in similar returns required under any other Act of Congress administered by the Board. The Board’s record of the compensation so returned shall, for the purpose of determining eligibility for and the amount of benefits, be conclusive as to the amount of compensation paid to an employee during the period covered by the return, and the fact that the Board’s records show that no return was made of the compensation claimed to have been paid to an employee during a particular period shall, for the purposes of determining eligibility for and the amount of benefits, be taken as conclusive that no compensation was paid to such employee during that period, unless the error in the amount of compensation in the one case, or failure to make or record return of the compensation in the other case, is called to the attention of the Board within eighteen months after the date on which the last return covering any portion of the calendar year which includes such period is required to have been made.
+
+(June 25, 1938, ch. 680, § 6, 52 Stat. 1101; June 20, 1939, ch. 227, § 12, 53 Stat. 847; Oct. 10, 1940, ch. 842, § 21, 54 Stat. 1099; July 31, 1946, ch. 709, § 317, 60 Stat. 739; Pub. L. 89–700, title II, § 203, Oct. 30, 1966, 80 Stat. 1087.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments1966—Pub. L. 89–700 struck out provisions which required returns of compensation of employees to be under oath. 1946—Act July 31, 1946, changed references to compensation earned by an employee to refer to compensation paid to an employee. 1940—Act Oct. 10, 1940, inserted provisions relating to conclusiveness of returns for purpose of determining eligibility for and amount of benefits, and struck out requirements that returns relate to monthly compensation and that distributed statements of compensation be prepared by Board. 1939—Act June 20, 1939, struck out requirement that return shall be in form required by Board, inserted proviso relating to return containing duplicative information, and substituted provisions relating to conclusiveness of returns not questioned within eighteen months after last return is filed, for provisions relating to conclusiveness of returns not questioned within four years after last date on which return was required to be made.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 1946 AmendmentAmendment by act July 31, 1946, effective July 31, 1946, see section 401 of act July 31, 1946.
+
+Effective Date of 1940 AmendmentFor effective date of amendment by act Oct. 10, 1940, see section 1 of act Oct. 10, 1940, set out as a note under section 351 of this title.

legal/us/code/title-45/chapter-11/section-357.md

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "45 U.S.C. § 357"
+description: "Free transportation"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 45
+title_name: "RAILROADS"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "RAILROAD UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE"
+section: "357"
+citation: "45 U.S.C. § 357"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc45@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t45/s357"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-45/usc45.xml"
+source_hash: "2d46b2946b2477622593ecd64c136a91c084d1132b3335a88a7e0ca374a694e9"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "6ff04cb352e22f8a18f24c94e9adb8036909cf2a75f41489d768a5934fb9667c"
+text_hash: "8612c9cfd22a693b07554491270a1402516f8ca0f465860bbae689f636a99201"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 45 U.S.C. § 357 - Free transportation
+
+## Text
+
+It shall not be unlawful for carriers to furnish free transportation to employees qualified for benefits or serving waiting periods under this chapter.
+
+(June 25, 1938, ch. 680, § 7, 52 Stat. 1102.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThis chapter, referred to in text, was in the original “this Act”, meaning act June 25, 1938, ch. 680, 52 Stat. 1094, which enacted this chapter and amended sections 503 and 1104 and former section 1107 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 367 of this title and Tables.

legal/us/code/title-45/chapter-11/section-359.md

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "45 U.S.C. § 359"
+description: "Penalties"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 45
+title_name: "RAILROADS"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "RAILROAD UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE"
+section: "359"
+citation: "45 U.S.C. § 359"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc45@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t45/s359"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-45/usc45.xml"
+source_hash: "3d4113ba228eacd228d2807a34646832946780584d26294dacfe832f02ed47e1"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "6ff04cb352e22f8a18f24c94e9adb8036909cf2a75f41489d768a5934fb9667c"
+text_hash: "fa43dfca703d6d9ca90da6fbce0effe1e1951b5ebcaf54c048de925e8e30247a"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 45 U.S.C. § 359 - Penalties
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Failure to make report or furnish information; false or fraudulent statement or claim Any officer or agent of an employer, or any employee representative, or any employee acting in his own behalf, or any person whether or not of the character hereinbefore defined, who shall willfully fail or refuse to make any report or furnish any information required by the Board in the administration of this chapter, or who shall knowingly make or aid in making or cause to be made any false or fraudulent statement or report when a statement or report is required to be made for the purposes of this chapter, or who shall knowingly make or aid in making or cause to be made any false or fraudulent statement or claim for the purpose of causing benefits or other payment to be made or not to be made under this chapter, shall be punished by a fine of not more than $10,000 or by imprisonment not exceeding one year, or both.
+
+(b) Agreement by employee to bear employer’s contribution Any agreement by an employee to pay all or any portion of the contribution required of his employer under this chapter shall be void, and it shall be unlawful for any employer, or officer or agent of an employer, to make, require, or permit any employee to bear all or any portion of such contribution. Any employer, or officer or agent of an employer, who violates any provision of this subsection shall be punished for each such violation by a fine of not more than $10,000 or by imprisonment not exceeding one year, or both.
+
+(c) Punishments not specifically provided Any person who violates any provision of this chapter, the punishment for which is not otherwise provided, shall be punished for each such violation by a fine of not more than $1,000 or by imprisonment not exceeding one year, or both.
+
+(d) Payment and disposition of fines or penalties All fines and penalties imposed by a court pursuant to this chapter shall be paid to the court and be remitted from time to time by order of the judge to the Treasury of the United States to be credited to the account.
+
+(June 25, 1938, ch. 680, § 9, 52 Stat. 1103.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThis chapter, referred to in text, was in the original “this Act”, meaning act June 25, 1938, ch. 680, 52 Stat. 1094, which enacted this chapter and amended sections 503 and 1104 and former section 1107 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 367 of this title and Tables.

legal/us/code/title-45/chapter-11/section-360.md

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "45 U.S.C. § 360"
+description: "Railroad unemployment insurance account"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 45
+title_name: "RAILROADS"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "RAILROAD UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE"
+section: "360"
+citation: "45 U.S.C. § 360"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc45@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t45/s360"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-45/usc45.xml"
+source_hash: "1cad9e819ec30fe02f11d2902f911ac5c4f8502c2d403c86119ff72d889efaba"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "6ff04cb352e22f8a18f24c94e9adb8036909cf2a75f41489d768a5934fb9667c"
+text_hash: "0d9f10ca9fd7d9e98a5613f2e4aa6fce622ffbf2b2b495182d458f64af8c8352"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 45 U.S.C. § 360 - Railroad unemployment insurance account
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Funds constituting account; availability for benefits or refunds The Secretary of the Treasury shall maintain in the unemployment trust fund established pursuant to section 1104 of title 42 an account to be known as the railroad unemployment insurance account. This account shall consist of (i) such part of all contributions collected pursuant to section 358 of this title as is in excess of 0.65 per centum of the total compensation on which such contributions are based, together with all interest collected pursuant to section 358(g) 11 See References in Text note below. of this title; (ii) all amounts transferred or paid into the account pursuant to section 363 or section 364 of this title; (iii) all additional amounts appropriated to the account in accordance with any provision of this chapter or with any provision of law now or hereafter adopted; (iv) a proportionate part of the earnings of the unemployment trust fund, computed in accordance with the provisions of section 1104(e) of title 42; (v) all amounts realized in recoveries for overpayments or erroneous payments of benefits; (vi) all amounts transferred thereto pursuant to section 361 of this title; (vii) all fines or penalties collected pursuant to the provisions of this chapter; and (viii) all amounts credited thereto pursuant to section 352(f) or section 362(g) of this title. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, all moneys credited to the account shall be mingled and undivided, and are permanently appropriated to the Board to be continuously available to the Board without further appropriation, for the payment of benefits and refunds under this chapter, and no part thereof shall lapse at any time, or be carried to the surplus fund or any other fund.
+
+(b) Payment of benefits or refunds All moneys in the account shall be used solely for the payment of the benefits and refunds provided for by this chapter. The Board shall, from time to time, certify to the Secretary of the Treasury the name and address of each person or company entitled to receive benefits or a refund payment under this chapter, the amount of such payment, and the time at which it shall be made. Prior to audit or settlement by the Government Accountability Office, the Secretary of the Treasury, through the Fiscal Service of the Treasury Department, shall make payments from the account directly to such person or company of the amount of benefits or refund so certified by the Board: Provided, however, That if the Board shall so request, the Secretary of the Treasury, through the Fiscal Service of the Treasury Department, shall transmit benefits payments to the Board for distribution by it through employment offices or in such other manner as the Board deems proper.
+
+(c) Annual report to Congress The Board shall include in its annual report to Congress a statement with respect to the status and operation of the account.
+
+(d) Transfer and retransfer of funds; interest Whenever the Board finds at any time that the balance in the railroad unemployment insurance account will be insufficient to pay the benefits and refunds which it estimates are due, or will become due, under this chapter, it shall request the Secretary of the Treasury to transfer from the Railroad Retirement Account to the credit of the railroad unemployment insurance account such moneys as the Board estimates would be necessary for the payment of such benefits and refunds, and the Secretary shall make such transfer. Whenever the Board finds that the balance in the railroad unemployment insurance account, without regard to the amounts transferred pursuant to the next preceding sentence, is sufficient to pay such benefits and refunds, it shall request the Secretary of the Treasury to retransfer from the railroad unemployment insurance account to the credit of the Railroad Retirement Account such moneys as in its judgment are not needed for the payment of such benefits and refunds, plus interest at a rate for each fiscal year equal to the average rate of interest borne by all special obligations held by the Railroad Retirement Account on the last day of the preceding fiscal year, rounded to the nearest multiple of one-eighth of 1 per centum, and the Secretary shall make such retransfer. In determining the balance in the railroad unemployment insurance account as of September 30 of any year pursuant to section 358(a) of this title, any moneys transferred from the Railroad Retirement Account to the credit of the railroad unemployment insurance account which have not been retransferred as of such date from the latter account to the credit of the former, plus the interest accrued thereon to that date, shall be disregarded.
+
+(June 25, 1938, ch. 680, § 10 (less (e)–(g)), 52 Stat. 1104; June 20, 1939, ch. 227, § 13, 53 Stat. 848; 1940 Reorg. Plan No. III, § 1(a)(1), eff. June 30, 1940, 5 F.R. 2107, 54 Stat. 1231; June 23, 1948, ch. 608, § 7, 62 Stat. 578; Pub. L. 86–28, pt. III, § 308(a), May 19, 1959, 73 Stat. 32; Pub. L. 88–133, title III, § 305, Oct. 5, 1963, 77 Stat. 223; Pub. L. 89–700, title II, § 205, Oct. 30, 1966, 80 Stat. 1087; Pub. L. 90–257, title II, § 205, Feb. 15, 1968, 82 Stat. 24; Pub. L. 93–445, title IV, § 403, Oct. 16, 1974, 88 Stat. 1359; Pub. L. 94–92, title I, § 1(i), Aug. 9, 1975, 89 Stat. 464; Pub. L. 98–76, title III, § 302, Aug. 12, 1983, 97 Stat. 432; Pub. L. 99–107, § 4, Sept. 30, 1985, 99 Stat. 479; Pub. L. 99–155, § 2(c), Nov. 14, 1985, 99 Stat. 814; Pub. L. 99–181, § 3, Dec. 13, 1985, 99 Stat. 1172; Pub. L. 99–189, § 3, Dec. 18, 1985, 99 Stat. 1184; Pub. L. 99–272, title XIII, § 13302, Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 327; Pub. L. 100–647, title VII, § 7103(b)(1), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3770; Pub. L. 108–271, § 8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextSection 358(g) of this title, referred to in subsec. (a), was redesignated section 358(j) of this title by Pub. L. 100–647, title VII, § 7102(d)(1), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3769. This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (a), (b), and (d), was in the original “this Act”, meaning act June 25, 1938, ch. 680, 52 Stat. 1094, which enacted this chapter and amended sections 503 and 1104 and former section 1107 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 367 of this title and Tables.
+
+Codification Section 10(e)–(g) of act June 25, 1938, amended section 1104 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.
+
+Amendments2004—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted “Government Accountability Office” for “General Accounting Office”. 1988—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–647 substituted “0.65” for “0.5”. 1986—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 99–272 struck out at end “No transfer shall be made under this subsection from Railroad Retirement Account after December 19, 1985, and no such transfer shall be made on or before December 19, 1985, for purposes of paying benefits and refunds due after such date.” 1985—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 99–189 substituted “December 19, 1985” for “December 18, 1985” wherever appearing. Pub. L. 99–181 substituted “December 18, 1985” for “December 14, 1985” wherever appearing. Pub. L. 99–155 substituted “December 14, 1985” for “November 14, 1985” wherever appearing. Pub. L. 99–107 substituted “November 14, 1985” for “September 30, 1985” wherever appearing. 1983—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 98–76 inserted provisions that no transfer shall be made under this subsection from Railroad Retirement Account after September 30, 1985, and no such transfer shall be made on or before September 30, 1985, for purposes of paying benefits and refunds due after such date. 1975—Subsec. (a)(i). Pub. L. 94–92, § 1(i)(1), substituted “0.5” for “0.25”. Subsec. (a)(ii). Pub. L. 94–92, § 1(i)(2), struck out “and pursuant to subsection (h)[e] of this section”. Congress probably intended to strike out internal reference to subsec. (e) of this section in view of repeal of subsection by section 403 of Pub. L. 93–445 and it being last subsection of section. 1974—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 93–445 repealed subsec. (e) which was added by Pub. L. 90–257 as subsec. (h) and redesignated (e) for purposes of codification, and which provided for annual adjustment of account and transfer of funds from Railroad Retirement Account. 1968—Subsec. (a)(ii). Pub. L. 90–257 inserted reference to amounts transferred or paid into account pursuant to subsec. (e) of this section. Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 90–257 added subsec. (e) which was subsec. (h) in original and was redesignated (e) for purposes of codification. 1966—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 89–700 substituted “0.25 per centum” for “0.2 per centum”. 1963—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 88–133 substituted “a rate for each fiscal year equal to the average rate of interest borne by all special obligations held by the Railroad Retirement Account on the last day of the preceding fiscal year, rounded to the nearest multiple of one-eighth of 1 per centum” for “the rate of 3 per centum per annum.” 1959—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 86–28 substituted provisions authorizing Board to request transfer and retransfer of funds for provisions which directed Secretary of the Treasury to advance not more than $25,000,000 for purpose of paying benefits. 1948—Subsec. (a)(i). Act June 23, 1948, changed computation of insurance account. 1939—Subsec. (a). Act June 20, 1939, substituted “(f)” for “(g)”.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 1988 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 100–647 applicable with respect to compensation paid in months beginning after Sept. 30, 1988, see section 7103(c) of Pub. L. 100–647, set out as a note under section 358 of this title.
+
+Effective Date of 1975 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 94–92 effective with respect to compensation paid for services rendered after Dec. 31, 1975; and effective Aug. 9, 1975, respectively, see section 2 of Pub. L. 94–92, set out as a note under section 351 of this title.
+
+Effective Date of 1974 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 93–445 effective Jan. 1, 1975, see section 603 of Pub. L. 93–445, set out as a note under section 402 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.
+
+Effective Date of 1963 AmendmentPub. L. 88–133, title III, § 305, Oct. 5, 1963, 77 Stat. 223, provided that the amendment made by section 305 is effective after June 30, 1964.
+
+Effective Date of 1959 AmendmentPub. L. 86–28, pt. III, § 308(b), May 19, 1959, 73 Stat. 33, provided that: “The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [May 19, 1959].”
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Transfer of Functions “Fiscal Service” substituted for “Division of Disbursements” in two places in subsec. (b) on authority of section 1(a)(1) of Reorg. Plan No. III of 1940, eff. June 30, 1940, 5 F.R. 2107, 54 Stat. 1231, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, which consolidated such division into Fiscal Service of Treasury Department. See section 306 of Title 31, Money and Finance.

legal/us/code/title-45/chapter-11/section-361.md

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "45 U.S.C. § 361"
+description: "Railroad unemployment insurance administration fund"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 45
+title_name: "RAILROADS"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "RAILROAD UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE"
+section: "361"
+citation: "45 U.S.C. § 361"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc45@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t45/s361"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-45/usc45.xml"
+source_hash: "743dbe2b57047216fadb97dccf969453eafd5977683a5184a07978f7f2133f53"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "6ff04cb352e22f8a18f24c94e9adb8036909cf2a75f41489d768a5934fb9667c"
+text_hash: "5e316d1d20899caad3ba3208de27d6c5e9340641aca4f8430c273cd4bc2d2f46"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 45 U.S.C. § 361 - Railroad unemployment insurance administration fund
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Maintenance of account; amounts constituting fund The Secretary of the Treasury shall maintain in the unemployment trust fund established pursuant to section 904 of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 1104] an account to be known as the railroad unemployment insurance administration fund. This unemployment insurance administration fund shall consist of (i) such part of all contributions collected pursuant to section 358 of this title as equals 0.65 per centum of the total compensation on which such contributions are based; (ii) all amounts advanced to the fund by the Secretary of the Treasury pursuant to this section; (iii) all amounts appropriated by subsection (b) of this section; and (iv) such additional amounts as Congress may appropriate for expenses necessary or incidental to administering this chapter. Such additional amounts are authorized to be appropriated.
+
+(b) Authorization of appropriations; advance of sums; repayment In addition to the other moneys herein provided for expenses necessary or incidental to administering this chapter, there is appropriated to the fund such amount as the Secretary of the Treasury and the Board shall jointly estimate to have been collected or to be collectible with respect to the calendar years 1936, 1937, 1938, and 1939, from employers subject to this chapter, under title IX of the Social Security Act, less such amount as the Secretary of the Treasury and the Board shall jointly estimate will be appropriated or has been appropriated to States or Territories pursuant to the Act of Congress approved August 24, 1937 (Public, Numbered 353, Seventy-fifth Congress), as proceeds of taxes paid by employers pursuant to title IX of the Social Security Act. Until the amount appropriated by this subsection is credited to the fund, the Secretary of the Treasury is directed to advance to the credit of the fund such sums, but not more than $2,000,000, as the Board requests for the purpose of financing the costs of administering this chapter. Such advance shall be repaid from the fund at such time after the amount appropriated by this subsection is credited to the fund as the Board by agreement with the Secretary of the Treasury may determine, but not later than January 1, 1940.
+
+(c) Availability for administrative expenses Notwithstanding any other provision of law, all moneys at any time credited to the fund are permanently appropriated to the Board to be continuously available to the Board without further appropriation for any expenses necessary or incidental to administering this chapter, including personal services in the District of Columbia and elsewhere; travel expenses, including expenses of attendance at meetings when authorized by the Board; actual transportation expenses and not to exceed $10 per diem to cover subsistence and other expenses while in attendance at and en route to and from the place to which he is invited, to any person other than an employee of the Federal Government who may, from time to time, be invited to the city of Washington or elsewhere for conference or advisory purposes in furthering the work of the Board; when found by the Board to be in the interest of the Government, not exceeding 3 per centum, in any fiscal year, of the amounts credited during such year to the fund, for engaging persons or organizations, by contract or otherwise, for any special technical or professional services, determined necessary by the Board, including but not restricted to accounting, actuarial, statistical, and reporting services, without regard to section 6101 of title 41 and the provisions of other laws applicable to the employment and compensation of officers and employees of the United States; services; advertising, postage, telephone, telegraph, teletype, and other communication services and tolls; supplies; reproducing, photographing, and all other equipment, office appliances, and laborsaving devices, including devices for internal communication and conveyance; purchase and exchange, operation, maintenance and repair of motor-propelled passenger-carrying vehicles to be used only for official purposes in the District of Columbia and in the field; printing and binding; purchase and exchange of law books, books of reference, and directories; periodicals, newspapers and press clippings, in such amounts as the Board deems necessary, without regard to the provisions of section 192 of the Revised Statutes; manuscripts and special reports; membership fees or dues in organizations which issue publications to members only, or to members at a lower price than to others, payment for which may be made in advance; rentals, including garages, in the District of Columbia or elsewhere; alterations and repairs; if found by the Board to be necessary to expedite the certification to the Board by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management of persons eligible to be employed by the Board, and to the extent that the Board finds such expedition necessary, meeting the expenses of the Director of the Office of Personnel Management in holding examinations for testing the fitness of applicants for admission to the classified service for employment by the Board pursuant to the second paragraph of section 362(l) of this title, but not to exceed the additional expenses found by the Board to have been incurred by reason of the holding of such examinations; and miscellaneous items, including those for public instruction and information deemed necessary by the Board: Provided, That section 6101 of title 41 shall not be construed to apply to any purchase or procurement of supplies or services by the Board from moneys in the fund when the aggregate amount involved does not exceed $300. Determinations of the Board whether the fund or an appropriation for the administration of the Railroad Retirement Act of 1974 [45 U.S.C. 231 et seq.] is properly chargeable with the authorized expenses, or parts thereof, incurred in the administration of such Act, or of this chapter, shall be binding and conclusive for all purposes and upon all persons, including the Comptroller General and any other administrative or accounting officer, employee, or agent of the United States and shall not be subject to review in any manner.
+
+(d) Transfer of excess to insurance account So much of the balance in the fund as of September 30 of each year as is in excess of $6,000,000 shall as of such date be transferred from the fund and credited to the account.
+
+(June 25, 1938, ch. 680, § 11, 52 Stat. 1105; June 20, 1939, ch. 227, §§ 14, 15, 53 Stat. 848; Oct. 10, 1940, ch. 842, § 22, 54 Stat. 1099; June 23, 1948, ch. 608, § 8, 62 Stat. 578; Pub. L. 85–927, pt. II, § 205, Sept. 6, 1958, 72 Stat. 1783; Pub. L. 89–700, title II, § 205, Oct. 30, 1966, 80 Stat. 1087; Pub. L. 93–445, title IV, § 404, Oct. 16, 1974, 88 Stat. 1359; Pub. L. 94–92, title I, § 1(j), Aug. 9, 1975, 89 Stat. 464; Pub. L. 94–273, § 2(22), Apr. 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 376; 1978 Reorg. Plan No. 2, § 102, eff. Jan. 1, 1979, 43 F.R. 36037, 92 Stat. 3783; Pub. L. 100–647, title VII, § 7103(b)(2), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3770.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThis chapter, referred to in subsecs. (a), (b), and (c), was in the original “this Act”, meaning act June 25, 1938, ch. 680, 52 Stat. 1094, which enacted this chapter and amended sections 503 and 1104 and former section 1107 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 367 of this title and Tables. The Social Security Act, referred to in subsec. (b), is act Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620. Title IX of the Social Security Act was formerly classified generally to subchapter IX (§ 1101 et seq.) of chapter 7 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and, except for section 1104 of Title 42, was omitted from the Code pursuant to section 4 of act Feb. 10, 1939, ch. 2, 53 Stat. 1. For further details, see Prior Provisions note preceding section 1101 of Title 42. For complete classification of the Social Security Act to the Code, see section 1305 of Title 42 and Tables. Act of Congress approved August 24, 1937, referred to in subsec. (b), is act Aug. 24, 1937, ch. 755, 50 Stat. 754, which is not classified to the Code. Section 192 of the Revised Statutes, referred to in subsec. (c), which related to expenditures for newspapers and which was classified to section 102 of former Title 5, was repealed by act Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 744, § 17(a), 60 Stat. 811. The Railroad Retirement Act of 1974, referred to in subsec. (c), is act Aug. 29, 1935, ch. 812, as amended generally by Pub. L. 93–445, title I, § 101, Oct. 16, 1974, 88 Stat. 1305, which is classified generally to subchapter IV (§ 231 et seq.) of chapter 9 of this title. For further details and complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Codification note set out preceding section 231 of this title, section 231t of this title, and Tables.
+
+Codification In subsec. (c), “section 6101 of title 41” substituted for “section 3709 of the Revised Statutes (U.S.C., title 41, sec. 5)” and for “section 3709 of Revised Statutes (U.S.C., title 41, sec. 5)” on authority of Pub. L. 111–350, § 6(c), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3854, which Act enacted Title 41, Public Contracts.
+
+Amendments1988—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–647 substituted “0.65” for “0.5”. 1976—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 94–273 substituted “September” for “June”. 1975—Subsec. (a)(i). Pub. L. 94–92 substituted “0.5” for “0.25”. 1974—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 93–445 substituted “Railroad Retirement Act of 1974” and “such Act” for “Railroad Retirement Act of 1937 and the Railroad Retirement Act of 1935” and “such Acts”, respectively. 1966—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 89–700 substituted “0.25 per centum” for “0.2 per centum”. 1958—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 85–927 substituted provisions directing Secretary of the Treasury to maintain in unemployment trust fund established pursuant to section 1104 of title 42 an account to be known as the railroad unemployment insurance administration fund, for provisions which established railroad unemployment insurance administration fund in Treasury of United States. 1948—Subsec. (a)(i). Act June 23, 1948, changed computation of administration funds. 1940—Subsec. (d). Act Oct. 10, 1940, substituted provisions relating to transfer of balance remaining in fund in excess of $6,000,000, for provisions relating to lapsing of fund, carryovers to surplus or other fund, and transfers from fund. 1939—Subsec. (b). Act June 20, 1939, § 14, substituted “. Such advance shall be repaid from the fund at” for “, including personal services in the District of”. Subsec. (c). Act June 20, 1939, § 15, substituted “, including personal services in the District of” for “. Such advance shall be repaid from the fund at”.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 1988 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 100–647 applicable with respect to compensation paid in months beginning after Sept. 30, 1988, see section 7103(c) of Pub. L. 100–647, set out as a note under section 358 of this title.
+
+Effective Date of 1975 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 94–92 effective with respect to compensation paid for services rendered after Dec. 31, 1975, see section 2 of Pub. L. 94–92, set out as a note under section 351 of this title.
+
+Effective Date of 1974 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 93–445 effective Jan. 1, 1975, see section 603 of Pub. L. 93–445, set out as a note under section 402 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.
+
+Effective Date of 1958 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 85–927 effective Sept. 6, 1958, except as otherwise indicated, see section 207(c) of Pub. L. 85–927, set out as a note under section 351 of this title.
+
+Effective Date of 1940 AmendmentFor effective date of amendment by act Oct. 10, 1940, see section 1 of act Oct. 10, 1940, see note set out under section 351 of this title.
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Transfer of Functions “Director of the Office of Personnel Management” substituted for “Civil Service Commission” in subsec. (c), pursuant to Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1978, § 102, 43 F.R. 36037, 92 Stat. 3783, set out under section 1101 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, which transferred functions vested by statute in United States Civil Service Commission to Director of Office of Personnel Management (except as otherwise specified), effective Jan. 1, 1979, as provided by section 1–102 of Ex. Ord. No. 12107, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1055, set out under section 1101 of Title 5.

legal/us/code/title-45/chapter-11/section-362.md

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "45 U.S.C. § 362"
+description: "Duties and powers of Board"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 45
+title_name: "RAILROADS"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "RAILROAD UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE"
+section: "362"
+citation: "45 U.S.C. § 362"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc45@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t45/s362"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-45/usc45.xml"
+source_hash: "514798c4c47276775c1b52342a396dbb85deb274e9c91630720b1f62ae1b4aaf"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "6ff04cb352e22f8a18f24c94e9adb8036909cf2a75f41489d768a5934fb9667c"
+text_hash: "75f107ebe0d7ec50a61e0ac42be5e7b904e1ba8cd6294a6adce08db53e1bcaf8"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 45 U.S.C. § 362 - Duties and powers of Board
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Witnesses; subpenas, service, fees, etc. For the purpose of any investigation or other proceeding relative to the determination of any right to benefits, or relative to any other matter within its jurisdiction under this chapter, the Board shall have the power to issue subpenas requiring the attendance and testimony of witnesses and the production of any evidence, documentary or otherwise, that relates to any matter under investigation or in question, before the Board or any member, employee, or representative thereof. Any member of the Board or any of its employees or representatives designated by it may administer oaths and affirmations, examine witnesses, and receive evidence. Such attendance of witnesses and production of evidence may be required from any place in the United States or any Territory or possession thereof at any designated place of hearing. All subpenas may be served and returned by anyone authorized by the Board in the same manner as is now provided by law for the service and return by United States marshals of subpenas in suits in equity. Such service may also be made by registered mail or by certified mail and in such case the return post-office receipt shall be proof of service. Witnesses summoned in accordance with this subsection shall be paid the same fees and mileage as are paid witnesses in the district courts of the United States.
+
+(b) Enforcement of subpenas by courts; contempts; service of orders, writs, or processes In case of contumacy by, or refusal to obey a subpena lawfully issued to, any person, the Board may invoke the aid of the district court of the United States or the United States courts of any Territory or possession, where such person is found or resides or is otherwise subject to service of process, or the United States District Court for the District of Columbia if the investigation or proceeding is being carried on in the District of Columbia, or the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, if the investigation or proceeding is being carried on in the Northern District of Illinois, in requiring the attendance and testimony of witnesses and the production of evidence. Any such court shall issue an order requiring such person to appear before the Board or its specified employee or representative at the place specified in the subpena of the Board, whether within or without the judicial district of the court, there to produce evidence, if so ordered, or there to give testimony concerning the matter under investigation or in question; and any failure to obey such order of the court may be punished by said court as a contempt thereof. All orders, writs, and processes in any such proceeding may be served in the judicial district of the district court issuing such order, writ, or process, except that the orders, writs, and processes of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia or of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois in such proceedings may run and be served anywhere in the United States.
+
+(c) Repealed. Pub. L. 91–452, title II, § 239, Oct. 15, 1970, 84 Stat. 930
+
+(d) Information as confidential Information obtained by the Board in connection with the administration of this chapter shall not be revealed or open to inspection nor be published in any manner revealing an employee’s identity: Provided, however, That (i) the Board may arrange for the exchange of any information with governmental agencies engaged in functions related to the administration of this chapter; (ii) the Board may disclose such information in cases in which the Board finds that such disclosure is clearly in furtherance of the interest of the employee or his estate; (iii) any claimant of benefits under this chapter shall, upon his request, be supplied with information from the Board’s records pertaining to his claim; and (iv) the Board shall disclose to any base-year employer of a claimant for benefits any information, including information as to the claimant’s identity, that is necessary or appropriate to notify such employer of the claim for benefits or to full and fair participation by such employer in an appeal, hearing, or other proceeding relative to the claim pursuant to section 355 of this title. Subject to the provisions of this section, the Board may furnish such information to any person or organization upon payment by such person or organization to the Board of the cost incurred by the Board by reason thereof; and the amounts so paid to the Board shall be credited to the railroad unemployment insurance administration fund established pursuant to section 361(a) of this title;
+
+(e) Certification of claims; authorization of employee to make payments; bond The Board shall provide for the certification of claims for benefits and refunds and may arrange total or partial settlements at such times and in such manner as may appear to the Board to be expedient. The Board shall designate and authorize one or more of its employees to sign vouchers for the payment of benefits and refunds under this chapter. Each such employee shall give bond, in form and amount fixed by the Board, conditioned upon the faithful performance of his duties. The premiums due on such bonds shall be paid from the fund and deemed to be a part of the expenses of administering this chapter.
+
+(f) Cooperation with other agencies administering unemployment or sickness compensation laws; agreements The Board may cooperate with or enter into agreement with the appropriate agencies charged with the administration of State, Territorial, Federal, or foreign unemployment-compensation or sickness laws or employment offices, with respect to investigations, the exchange of information and services, the establishment, maintenance, and use of free employment service facilities, and such other matters as the Board deems expedient in connection with the administration of this chapter, and may compensate any such agency for services or facilities supplied to the Board in connection with the administration of this chapter. The Board may enter also into agreements with any such agency, pursuant to which any unemployment or sickness benefits provided for by this chapter or any other unemployment-compensation or sickness law, may be paid through a single agency to persons who have, during the period on the basis of which eligibility for and duration of benefits is determined under the law administered by such agency or under this chapter, or both, performed services covered by one or more of such laws, or performed services which constitute employment as defined in this chapter: Provided, That the Board finds that any such agreement is fair and reasonable as to all affected interests.
+
+(g) Benefits also subject to a State law; mutual reimbursement In determining whether an employee has qualified for benefits in accordance with section 353 of this title, and in determining the amount of benefits to be paid to such employee in accordance with section 352(a) and (c) of this title, the Board is authorized to consider as employment (and compensation therefor) services for hire other than employment (and remuneration therefor) if such services for hire are subject to an unemployment or sickness compensation law of any State, provided that such State has agreed to reimburse the United States such portion of the benefits to be paid upon such basis to such employee as the Board deems equitable. Any amounts collected pursuant to this paragraph shall be credited to the account. If a State, in determining whether an employee is eligible for unemployment or sickness benefits under an unemployment or sickness compensation law of such State, and in determining the amount of unemployment or sickness benefits to be paid to such employee pursuant to such unemployment or sickness compensation law, considers as services for hire (and remuneration therefor) included within the provisions of such unemployment or sickness compensation law, employment (and compensation therefor), the Board is authorized to reimburse such State such portion of such unemployment or sickness benefits as the Board deems equitable; such reimbursements shall be paid from the account, and are included within the meaning of the word “benefits” as used in this chapter.
+
+(h) Assistance from employers and labor organizations; compensation The Board may enter into agreements or arrangements with employers, organizations of employers, and railway-labor organizations which are duly organized in accordance with the provisions of the Railway Labor Act [45 U.S.C. 151 et seq.], for securing the performance of services or the use of facilities in connection with the administration of this chapter, and may compensate any such employer or organization therefor upon such reasonable basis as the Board shall prescribe, but not to exceed the additional expense incurred by such employer or organization by reason of the performance of such services or making available the use of such facilities pursuant to such agreements or arrangements. Such employers and organizations, and persons employed by either of them, shall not be subject to section 209 of title 18.
+
+(i) Free employment offices; registration of unemployed; statements of sickness; reemployment The Board may establish, maintain, and operate free employment offices, and may designate as free employment offices facilities maintained by (i) a railway labor organization which is duly authorized and designated to represent employees in accordance with the Railway Labor Act [45 U.S.C. 151 et seq.], or (ii) any other labor organization which has been or may be organized in accordance with the provisions of the Railway Labor Act, or (iii) one or more employers, or (iv) an organization of employers, or (v) a group of such employers and labor organizations, or (vi) a State, Territorial, foreign, or the Federal Government. The Board may also enter into agreements or arrangements with one or more employers or railway labor organizations organized in accordance with the provisions of the Railway Labor Act, pursuant to which notice of the availability of work and the rights of employees with respect to such work under agreements between such employers and railway labor organizations may be filed with employment offices and pursuant to which employees registered with employment offices may be referred to such work. The Board shall prescribe a procedure for registration of unemployed employees at employment offices. Such procedure for registration shall be prescribed with a view to such registration affording substantial evidence of the days of unemployment of the employees who register. The Board may, when such registration is made personally by an employee, accept such registration as initial proof of unemployment sufficient to certify for payment a claim for benefits. The Board shall provide a form or forms for statements of sickness and a procedure for the execution and filing thereof. Such forms and procedure shall be designated with a view to having such statements provide substantial evidence of the days of sickness of the employee. Such statements may be executed by any doctor (authorized to practice in the State or foreign jurisdiction in which he practices his profession) or any officer or supervisory employee of a hospital, clinic, group health association, or other similar organization, who is qualified under such regulations as the Board may prescribe to execute such statements. The Board shall issue regulations for the qualification of such persons to execute such statements. When so executed by any such person, or, in the discretion of the Board, by others designated by the Board individually or by groups, they may be accepted as initial proof of days of sickness sufficient to certify for payment a claim for benefits. The regulations of the Board concerning registration at employment offices by unemployed persons may provide for group registration and reporting, through employers, and need not be uniform with respect to different classes of employees. The operation of any employment facility operated by the Board shall be directed primarily toward the reemployment of employees who have theretofore been substantially employed by employers.
+
+(j) Advisory councils; members’ remuneration The Board may appoint national or local advisory councils composed of equal numbers of representatives of employers, representatives of employees, and persons representing the general public, for the purpose of discussing problems in connection with the administration of this chapter and aiding the Board in formulating policies. The members of such councils shall serve without remuneration, but shall be reimbursed for any necessary traveling and subsistence expenses or on a per diem basis in lieu of subsistence expenses.
+
+(k) Reduction of unemployment; training and reemployment of unemployed employees, etc. The Board, with the advice and aid of any advisory council appointed by it, shall take appropriate steps to reduce and prevent unemployment and loss of earnings; to encourage and assist in the adoption of practical methods of vocational training, retraining, and vocational guidance; to promote the reemployment of unemployed employees; and to these ends to carry on and publish the results of investigations and research studies.
+
+(l) Necessary and incidental powers; employees of Board, employment, remuneration, civil-service laws, registration of unemployed, and detail In addition to the powers and duties expressly provided, the Board shall have and exercise all the powers and duties necessary to administer or incidental to administering this chapter, and in connection therewith shall have such of the powers, duties, and remedies provided in subdivisions (5), (6), and (9) of section 7(b) of the Railroad Retirement Act of 1974 [45 U.S.C. 231f(b)] with respect to the administration of the Railroad Retirement Act of 1974 [45 U.S.C. 231 et seq.], as are not inconsistent with the express provisions of this chapter. A person in the employ of the Board under section 205 of the Act of Congress approved June 24, 1937 (50 Stat. 307), shall acquire a competitive classified civil-service status if, after recommendation by the Board to the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, he shall pass such noncompetitive tests of fitness as the Director of the Office of Personnel Management may prescribe. A person in the employ of the Board on June 30, 1939, and on June 30, 1940, and who has had experience in railroad service, shall acquire a competitive classified civil-service status if, after recommendation by the Board to the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, he shall pass such noncompetitive tests of fitness for the position for which the Board recommends him as the Director of the Office of Personnel Management may prescribe. The Board may employ such persons and provide for their remuneration and expenses, as may be necessary for the proper administration of this chapter. Such persons shall be employed and their remuneration prescribed in accordance with the civil-service laws and chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of title 5: Provided, That all positions to which such persons are appointed, except one administrative assistant to each member of the Board, shall be in and under the competitive civil service and shall not be removed or excepted therefrom: Provided, That in the employment of such persons the Board shall give preference, as between applicants attaining the same grades, to persons who have had experience in railroad service, and notwithstanding any other provisions of law, rules, or regulations, no other preference shall be given or recognized: And provided further, That certification by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management of persons for appointment to any positions at minimum salaries of $4,600 per annum, or less, shall, if the Board so requests, be upon the basis of competitive examinations, written, oral, or both, as the Board may request: And provided further, That, for the purpose of registering unemployed employees who reside in areas in which no employer facilities are located, or in which no employer will make facilities available for the registration of such employees, the Board may, without regard to civil-service laws and chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of title 5, appoint persons to accept, in such areas, registration of such employees and perform services incidental thereto and may compensate such persons on a piece-rate basis to be determined by the Board. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Board may detail employees from stations outside the District of Columbia to other stations outside the District of Columbia or to service in the District of Columbia, and may detail employees in the District of Columbia to service outside the District of Columbia: Provided, That all details hereunder shall be made by specific order and in no case for a period of time exceeding one hundred and twenty days. Details so made may, on expiration, be renewed from time to time by order of the Board, in each particular case, for periods not exceeding one hundred and twenty days.
+
+(m) Delegation of powers The Board is authorized to delegate to any member, officer, or employee of the Board any of the powers conferred upon the Board by this chapter, excluding only the power to prescribe rules and regulations.
+
+(n) Sickness benefits; examinations; information and reports; contracts and expenses for examinations Any employee claiming, entitled to, or receiving sickness benefits under this chapter may be required to take such examination, physical, medical, mental, or otherwise, in such manner and at such times and by such qualified individuals, including medical officers or employees of the United States or a State, as the Board may prescribe. The place or places of examination shall be reasonably convenient for the employee. No sickness benefits shall be payable under this chapter with respect to any period during which the employee unreasonably refuses to take or willfully obstructs an examination as prescribed by the Board. Any doctor who renders any attendance, treatment, attention, or care, or performs any examination with respect to a sickness of an employee, upon which a claim or right to benefits under this chapter is based, shall furnish the Board, in such manner and form and at such times as the Board by regulations may prescribe, information and reports relative thereto and to the condition of the employee. An application for sickness benefits under this chapter shall contain a waiver of any doctor-patient privilege that the employee may have with respect to any sickness period upon which such application is based: Provided, That such information shall not be disclosed by the Board except in a proceeding relating to any claim for benefits by the employee under this chapter. The Board may enter into agreements or arrangements with doctors, hospitals, clinics, or other persons for securing the examination, physical, medical, mental, or otherwise, of employees claiming, entitled to, or receiving sickness benefits under this chapter and the performance of services or the use of facilities in connection with the execution of statements of sickness. The Board may compensate any such doctors, hospitals, clinics, or other persons upon such reasonable basis as the Board shall prescribe. Such doctors, hospitals, clinics, or other persons and persons employed by any of them shall not be subject to section 209 of title 18. In the event that the Board pays for the physical or mental examination of an employee or for the execution of a statement of sickness and such employee’s claim for benefits is based upon such examination or statement, the Board shall deduct from any sickness benefits payable to the employee pursuant to such claim such amount as, in the judgment of the Board, is a fair and reasonable charge for such examination or execution of such statement.
+
+(o) Liability of third party for sickness; reimbursement of Board Benefits payable to an employee with respect to days of sickness shall be payable regardless of the liability of any person to pay damages for such infirmity. The Board shall be entitled to reimbursement from any sum or damages paid or payable to such employee or other person through suit, compromise, settlement, judgment, or otherwise on account of any liability (other than a liability under a health, sickness, accident, or similar insurance policy) based upon such infirmity, to the extent that it will have paid or will pay benefits for days of sickness resulting from such infirmity. Upon notice to the person against whom such right or claim exists or is asserted, the Board shall have a lien upon such right or claim, any judgment obtained thereunder, and any sum or damages paid under such right or claim, to the extent of the amount to which the Board is entitled by way of reimbursement.
+
+(p) Disqualification to execute statements of sickness or receive fees The Board may, after hearing, disqualify any person from executing statements of sickness who, the Board finds, (i) will have solicited, or will have employed another to solicit, for himself or for another the execution of any such statement, or (ii) will have made false or misleading statements to the Board, to any employer, or to any employee, in connection with the awarding of any benefits under this chapter, or (iii) will have failed to submit medical reports and records required by the Board under this chapter, or will have failed to submit any other reports, records, or information required by the Board in connection with the administration of this chapter or any other Act heretofore or hereafter administered by the Board, or (iv) will have engaged in any malpractice or other professional misconduct. No fees or charges of any kind shall accrue to any such person from the Board after his disqualification.
+
+(q) Investigations and research with respect to accidents and disabilities The Board shall engage in and conduct research projects, investigations, and studies with respect to the cause, care, and prevention of, and benefits for, accidents and disabilities and other subjects deemed by the Board to be related thereto, and shall recommend legislation deemed advisable in the light of such research projects, investigations, and studies.
+
+(r) Duty of Board to make certain computations (1) Compensation base On or before December 1, 1988, and on or before December 1 of each year thereafter, the Board shall compute—
+
+(A) in accordance with section 351(i) of this title, the monthly compensation base which shall be applicable with respect to months in the next succeeding calendar year; and
+
+(B) the amounts described in section 351(k) of this title, section 352(c) of this title, section 353 of this title, and section 354(a–2)(i)(A) of this title that are related to changes in the monthly compensation base.
+
+(2) Maximum daily benefit rate On or before June 1, 1989, and on or before June 1 of each year thereafter, the Board shall compute in accordance with section 352(a)(3) of this title the maximum daily benefit rate which shall be applicable with respect to days of unemployment and days of sickness in registration periods beginning after June 30 of that year.
+
+(3) Notice in Federal Register and to employers Not later than 10 days after each computation made under this subsection, the Board shall publish notice in the Federal Register and shall notify each employer and employee representative of the amount so computed.
+
+(June 25, 1938, ch. 680, § 12, 52 Stat. 1107; June 20, 1939, ch. 227, § 16, 53 Stat. 848; Oct. 10, 1940, ch. 842, §§ 23, 24, 54 Stat. 1099; July 31, 1946, ch. 709, §§ 319–323, 60 Stat. 739, 740; June 25, 1948, ch. 646, §§ 1, 32(b), 62 Stat. 878, 895, 991; May 24, 1949, ch. 139, § 127, 63 Stat. 107; Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, title II, § 202(29), title XI, § 1106(a), 63 Stat. 956, 972; Aug. 12, 1955, ch. 869, § 6, 69 Stat. 716; Pub. L. 85–927, pt. II, § 206, Sept. 6, 1958, 72 Stat. 1783; Pub. L. 86–507, § 1(37), June 11, 1960, 74 Stat. 202; Pub. L. 89–700, title II, § 206, Oct. 30, 1966, 80 Stat. 1087; Pub. L. 90–257, title II, § 206, Feb. 15, 1968, 82 Stat. 25; Pub. L. 91–452, title II, § 239, Oct. 15, 1970, 84 Stat. 930; Pub. L. 93–445, title IV, § 405, Oct. 16, 1974, 88 Stat. 1359; 1978 Reorg. Plan No. 2, § 102, eff. Jan. 1, 1979, 43 F.R. 36037, 92 Stat. 3783; Pub. L. 100–647, title VII, §§ 7101(e), 7104(d), (e), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3758, 3772.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThis chapter, referred to in text, was in the original “this Act”, meaning act June 25, 1938, ch. 680, 52 Stat. 1094, which enacted this chapter and amended sections 503 and 1104 and former section 1107 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 367 of this title and Tables. The Railway Labor Act, referred to in subsecs. (h) and (i), is act May 20, 1926, ch. 347, 44 Stat. 577, which is classified principally to chapter 8 (§ 151 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 151 of this title and Tables. The Railroad Retirement Act of 1974, referred to in subsec. (l), is act Aug. 29, 1935, ch. 812, as amended generally by Pub. L. 93–445, title I, § 101, Oct. 16, 1974, 88 Stat. 1305, which is classified generally to subchapter IV (§ 231 et seq.) of chapter 9 of this title. For further details and complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Codification note set out preceding section 231 of this title, section 231t of this title, and Tables. Section 205 of the Act of Congress approved June 24, 1937 (50 Stat. 307), referred to in subsec. (l), is section 205 of act June 24, 1937, ch. 382, 50 Stat. 307, which is not classified to the Code.
+
+Codification In subsecs. (h) and (n), “section 209 of title 18” substituted for reference to the Act of March 3, 1917, 39 Stat. 1106 (5 U.S.C. 66) on authority of (1) act June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 683, section 1 of which enacted Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, and which enacted in section 1914 of Title 18 the provisions formerly classified to section 66 of former Title 5; and (2) section 2 of Pub. L. 87–849, Oct. 23, 1962, 76 Stat. 1126, which repealed section 1914 of Title 18 and supplanted it with section 209, and which provided that exemptions from section 1914 shall be deemed exemptions from section 209. For further details, see Exemptions note set out under section 203 of Title 18. In subsec. (l), “chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of title 5” substituted for “the Classification Act of 1949, as amended” on authority of Pub. L. 89–554, § 7(b), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 631, the first section of which enacted Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. In penultimate sentence of subsec. (l), following the first word “Notwithstanding”, the words “the provisions of the Act of June 22, 1906 (34 Stat. 449), or” have been omitted as obsolete. The provisions were enacted as section 3342 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, by Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 425. Section 3342 of Title 5 was repealed by Pub. L. 89–762, § 1(a), Nov. 5, 1966, 80 Stat. 1312.
+
+Amendments1988—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 100–647, § 7104(d), added cl. (iv). Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 100–647, § 7104(e), struck out “court” before “proceeding” in proviso of second par. Subsec. (r). Pub. L. 100–647, § 7101(e), added subsec. (r). 1974—Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 93–445 substituted “subdivisions (5), (6), and (9) of section 7(b) of the Railroad Retirement Act of 1974” for “section 10(b)(4) of the Railroad Retirement Act of 1937”. 1970—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 91–452 struck out subsec. (c) which related to immunity from prosecution of any person compelled to testify or produce evidence, documentary or otherwise, after claiming his privilege against self-incrimination. 1968—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 90–257, § 206(a), struck out references to maternity benefits and laws and made changes in punctuation and grammar necessitated thereby. Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 90–257, § 206(b), struck out references to maternity benefits and maternity compensation laws and made changes in punctuation and grammar necessitated thereby. Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 90–257, § 206(c), struck out provisions making reference to maternity sickness and to expected and actual date of birth of the child required to be included in report of maternity sickness. Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 90–257, § 206(d), struck out references to maternity benefits and to services of a doctor as to expected date of birth of a female employee’s child, or the birth of such a child. 1966—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 89–700 authorized Board to furnish such information to any person or organization upon payment of the cost incurred by reason thereof, and requiring amounts so paid to Board to be credited to railroad unemployment insurance administration fund. Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 89–700 substituted “section 353 of this title” for “section 353(a) of this title”. 1960—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 86–507 inserted “or by certified mail” after “registered mail”. 1958—Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 85–927 struck out “except that the Board may fix the salary of a director of unemployment insurance at $10,000 per annum” before first proviso in second paragraph, and substituted “Classification Act of 1949” for “Classification Act of 1923”, immediately preceding such first proviso, which substitution had already been executed in accordance with act Oct. 28, 1949. 1955—Subsec. (l). Act Aug. 12, 1955, specifically provided for employees of Railroad Retirement Board to be in and under competitive civil service. 1949—Subsec. (l). Act Oct. 28, 1949, substituted “Classification Act of 1949” for “Classification Act of 1923” in two places. 1946—Subsec. (b). Act July 31, 1946, § 319, inserted provisions relating to the District Court of the United States for the Northern District of Illinois. Subsec. (f). Act July 31, 1946, § 320, inserted references to sickness or maternity laws and benefits. Subsec. (g). Act July 31, 1946, § 321, inserted references to sickness or maternity laws and benefits and struck out phrase limiting second paragraph to eligibility with respect to unemployment after June 30, 1939. Subsec. (i). Act July 31, 1946, § 322, added third par., providing for form, execution and filing of statements of sickness. Subsecs. (n) to (q). Act July 31, 1946, § 323, added subsecs. (n) to (q). 1940—Subsec. (l). Act Oct. 10, 1940, § 22, inserted provisions relating to acquisition of competitive classified civil-service status by a person in the employ of Board on June 30, 1939, and June 30, 1940. Act Oct. 10, 1940, § 23, inserted provisos relating to personnel for registering unemployed employees. 1939—Subsec. (g). Act June 20, 1939, inserted “, with respect to unemployment after June 30, 1939” after “employee is eligible” and struck out “June 30, 1939” after “therefor) after”.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Change of Name Subsec. (b) of this section was amended by act June 25, 1948, § 32(b), eff. Sept. 1, 1948, as amended by act May 24, 1949, which substituted “United States District Court for the District of Columbia” for “District Court of the United States for the District of Columbia”. “United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois” substituted for “District Court of the United States for the Northern District of Illinois” in view of act June 25, 1948, which states that “There shall be in each judicial district a district court which shall be a court of record known as the United States District Court for the district”, and that “Illinois is divided into three judicial districts to be known as the Northern, Southern, and Eastern Districts of Illinois.” See sections 88 and 132 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.
+
+Effective Date of 1988 AmendmentAmendment by section 7104(d), (e) of Pub. L. 100–647, effective Jan. 1, 1990, see section 7104(f) of Pub. L. 100–647, set out as a note under section 355 of this title.
+
+Effective Date of 1974 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 93–445 effective Jan. 1, 1975, see section 603 of Pub. L. 93–445, set out as a note under section 402 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.
+
+Effective Date of 1970 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 91–452 effective on sixtieth day following Oct. 15, 1970, and not to affect any immunity to which any individual is entitled under this section by reason of any testimony given before sixtieth day following Oct. 15, 1970, see section 260 of Pub. L. 91–452, set out as an Effective Date; Savings Provisions note under section 6001 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.
+
+Effective Date of 1968 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 90–257 effective July 1, 1968, see section 208 of Pub. L. 90–257, set out as a note under section 352 of this title.
+
+Effective Date of 1958 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 85–927 effective Sept. 6, 1958, except as otherwise indicated, see section 207(c) of Pub. L. 85–927, set out as a note under section 351 of this title.
+
+Effective Date of 1946 AmendmentAmendment by act July 31, 1946, effective July 31, 1946, see section 401 of act July 31, 1946.
+
+Effective Date of 1940 AmendmentFor effective date of amendment by act Oct. 10, 1940, see section 1 of act Oct. 10, 1940, set out as a note under section 351 of this title.
+
+RepealsAct Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, cited as a credit to this section, was repealed (subject to a savings clause) by Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, § 8, 80 Stat. 632, 655.
+
+Termination of Advisory CouncilsAdvisory councils in existence on Jan. 5, 1973, to terminate not later than the expiration of the 2-year period following Jan. 5, 1973, unless, in the case of a council established by the President or an officer of the Federal Government, such council is renewed by appropriate action prior to the expiration of such 2-year period, or in the case of a council established by the Congress, its duration is otherwise provided by law. Advisory councils established after Jan. 5, 1973, to terminate not later than the expiration of the 2-year period beginning on the date of their establishment, unless, in the case of a council established by the President or an officer of the Federal Government, such council is renewed by appropriate action prior to the expiration of such 2-year period, or in the case of a council established by the Congress, its duration is otherwise provided by law. See sections 1001(2) and 1013 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
+
+Railroad Unemployment Compensation CommitteePub. L. 98–76, title V, § 504, Aug. 12, 1983, 97 Stat. 441, provided that: “(a) Representatives of railroad labor and railroad management shall jointly establish (and jointly appoint the members of) a committee to be known as the ‘Railroad Unemployment Compensation Committee’ (hereinafter in this section referred to as the ‘Committee’). “(b) The Committee shall consist of five members—“(1) two of whom shall be representatives of railroad labor, “(2) two of whom shall be representatives of railroad management, and “(3) one of whom shall be an individual who shall not be in the employment of or pecuniarily or otherwise interested in any employer (as defined in section 1 of the Railroad Retirement Act of 1974 [45 U.S.C. 231]) or any organization of employees (as defined in section 1 of such Act). “(c) The Committee shall review all aspects of the unemployment and sickness insurance systems provided by the Railroad Unemployment Insurance Act [this chapter] including (but not limited to) a review of—“(1) benefit levels, “(2) experience rating, “(3) debt repayment and interest on debt, “(4) waiting period for unemployment benefits and qualifying requirements, and “(5) alternatives to the railroad unemployment insurance system such as covering railroad employees under the Federal-State unemployment compensation system. “(d) Not later than April 1, 1984, the Committee shall submit a report to the Congress containing recommendations—“(1) with respect to the review conducted under subsection (c), and “(2) with respect to the repayment of funds which the railroad unemployment insurance system has borrowed from the Railroad Retirement Account. Any recommendation submitted under paragraph (2) shall contain adjustments in contributions and benefits which will enable the railroad unemployment compensation system to repay all loans from the Railroad Retirement Account before December 31, 2000. “(e) The Railroad Retirement Board (and any other department, agency, or instrumentality of the Federal Government) is authorized to cooperate with, and assist, the Committee (at its request) in carrying out its duties by furnishing services, information, data, or other material which the Committee determines will be helpful in carrying out its duties.”
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Transfer of Functions “Director of the Office of Personnel Management” substituted for “Civil Service Commission” in subsec. (l), pursuant to Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1978, § 102, 43 F.R. 36037, 92 Stat. 3783, set out under section 1101 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, which transferred functions vested by statute in United States Civil Service Commission to Director of Office of Personnel Management (except as otherwise specified), effective Jan. 1, 1979, as provided by section 1–102 of Ex. Ord. No. 12107, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1055, set out under section 1101 of Title 5.
+
+Delegation of Functions Functions of President under subsec. (l) of this section delegated to Chairman of the Railroad Retirement Board by Memorandum of President of the United States, Feb. 9, 2005, 70 F.R. 7631, set out as a note under section 231f of this title.

legal/us/code/title-45/chapter-11/section-363a.md

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+title_name: "RAILROADS"
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+text_hash: "19f1fc831c7e6e7725dc1e240666040b458bcf5ced3c25db1a1f3ca2f0c81915"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 45 U.S.C. § 363a - Refunds of State unemployment contributions by employees; amount; application period; definitions
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, in any case where an employee amount (as hereinafter defined) was paid from a State unemployment fund to the Unemployment Trust Fund, an aggregate amount equal thereto shall be paid from the Unemployment Trust Fund, as refunds, to employees who paid into the State fund the contributions upon which such payment into the Unemployment Trust Fund was based, except that in case any such employee is deceased, payment shall be made to his estate; and the payment so made in the case of any employee shall be in proportion to the contributions paid by such employee into the State fund: Provided, That payment in any such case shall be made only if application therefor is made to the Railroad Retirement Board within two years after August 2, 1946.
+
+(b) As used in this section—
+
+(1) The term “employee amount” means any amount paid from a State unemployment fund to the Unemployment Trust Fund which would not have been required to be paid, under the provisions of section 363(c) of this title, if said section had not required payment of amounts based on contributions collected from employees.
+
+(2) The term “Unemployment Trust Fund” means the fund established by section 1104 of title 42.
+
+(3) The term “employees” has the same meaning as in the Railroad Unemployment Insurance Act [45 U.S.C. 351 et seq.].
+
+(Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 743, 60 Stat. 806; Aug. 6, 1947, ch. 509, 61 Stat. 793.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThe Railroad Unemployment Insurance Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(3), is act June 25, 1938, ch. 680, 52 Stat. 1094, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 367 of this title and Tables.
+
+Codification Section was not enacted as a part of the Railroad Unemployment Insurance Act which comprises this chapter.
+
+Amendments1947—Subsec. (a). Act Aug. 6, 1947, extended time for application for refund from twelve months to two years after Aug. 2, 1946.

legal/us/code/title-45/chapter-11/section-364.md

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "45 U.S.C. § 364"
+description: "District of Columbia account, transfer of funds to railroad unemployment insurance account"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 45
+title_name: "RAILROADS"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "RAILROAD UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE"
+section: "364"
+citation: "45 U.S.C. § 364"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc45@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t45/s364"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-45/usc45.xml"
+source_hash: "e45e531e0f0b23aaac1a15a7994df1201ad1cf89cfe6964be274eb703e645745"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "6ff04cb352e22f8a18f24c94e9adb8036909cf2a75f41489d768a5934fb9667c"
+text_hash: "6afb867d0fde25cfd794676e98beb035db588615da3210830845bc3e553cfc45"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 45 U.S.C. § 364 - District of Columbia account, transfer of funds to railroad unemployment insurance account
+
+## Text
+
+The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized and directed to transfer from the account of the District of Columbia in the unemployment trust fund to the railroad unemployment insurance account in the unemployment trust fund, an amount equal to the “preliminary amount” and an amount equal to the “liquidating amount”, whenever such amounts, respectively, have been determined, with respect to the District of Columbia, pursuant to section 363 of this title.
+
+(June 25, 1938, ch. 680, § 14(b), 52 Stat. 1113.)

legal/us/code/title-45/chapter-11/section-365.md

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "45 U.S.C. § 365"
+description: "Omitted"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 45
+title_name: "RAILROADS"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "RAILROAD UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE"
+section: "365"
+citation: "45 U.S.C. § 365"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc45@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t45/s365"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-45/usc45.xml"
+source_hash: "20eaccdd793fd2f29e25a0c2e5b0824c58fa64782e58cd6f7bd0058f3d59cebc"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "6ff04cb352e22f8a18f24c94e9adb8036909cf2a75f41489d768a5934fb9667c"
+text_hash: "6e9340cf16c0c11342498fac4318b616f1d486414c9c06b3d88231d4960ca2d8"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 45 U.S.C. § 365 - Omitted
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification Section, acts June 25, 1938, ch. 680, § 15, 52 Stat. 1113; June 20, 1939, ch. 227, § 19, 53 Stat. 844, related to transitional provisions occurring before July 1, 1939.

legal/us/code/title-45/chapter-11/section-366.md

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "45 U.S.C. § 366"
+description: "Separability"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 45
+title_name: "RAILROADS"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "RAILROAD UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE"
+section: "366"
+citation: "45 U.S.C. § 366"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc45@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t45/s366"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-45/usc45.xml"
+source_hash: "6bd9686e4688cdab6b887f08b1d92b81918b646ea09e54cfa290d7f4fb4ba3d2"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "6ff04cb352e22f8a18f24c94e9adb8036909cf2a75f41489d768a5934fb9667c"
+text_hash: "c0843e44af32907e879a9e2d37e32360dffc6de714b57199a1d3c655c4978ea1"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 45 U.S.C. § 366 - Separability
+
+## Text
+
+If any provision of this chapter or the application there of to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the application of such provision to other persons or circumstances, and the remainder of this chapter shall not be affected thereby.
+
+(June 25, 1938, ch. 680, § 16, 52 Stat. 1113.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThis chapter, referred to in text, was in the original “this Act”, meaning act June 25, 1938, ch. 680, 52 Stat. 1094, which enacted this chapter and amended sections 503 and 1104 and former section 1107 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 367 of this title and Tables.

legal/us/code/title-45/chapter-11/section-366a.md

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "45 U.S.C. § 366a"
+description: "Effect of Internal Revenue Code"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 45
+title_name: "RAILROADS"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "RAILROAD UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE"
+section: "366a"
+citation: "45 U.S.C. § 366a"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc45@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t45/s366a"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-45/usc45.xml"
+source_hash: "85097e48342c782b45f3b75aae09bd45eb96eb774abfe0843cc51e9b34c67d8f"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "6ff04cb352e22f8a18f24c94e9adb8036909cf2a75f41489d768a5934fb9667c"
+text_hash: "566372ffe5e9df0b93fe97a10972dc8b3571618101ecbced8a3ad710e2efe9eb"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 45 U.S.C. § 366a - Effect of Internal Revenue Code
+
+## Text
+
+The provisions of the Railroad Unemployment Insurance Act, as herein amended, shall be in full force and effect notwithstanding the enactment of the Internal Revenue Code.
+
+(June 20, 1939, ch. 227, § 22, 53 Stat. 848.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThe Railroad Unemployment Insurance Act, referred to in text, is act June 25, 1938, ch. 680, 52 Stat. 1094, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 367 of this title and Tables. The Internal Revenue Code, referred to in text, probably means the Internal Revenue Code of 1939, which was generally repealed by section 7851 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, Title 26. The Internal Revenue Code of 1954 was redesignated the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 by Pub. L. 99–514, § 2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095. For table of comparisons of the 1939 Code to the 1986 Code, see Table I preceding section 1 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code. See also section 7852(b) of Title 26 for provision that references in any other law to a provision of the 1939 Code, unless expressly incompatible with the intent thereof, shall be deemed a reference to the corresponding provision of the 1986 Code.
+
+Codification Section was not enacted as a part of the Railroad Unemployment Insurance Act which comprises this chapter.

legal/us/code/title-45/chapter-11/section-367.md

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "45 U.S.C. § 367"
+description: "Short title"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 45
+title_name: "RAILROADS"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "RAILROAD UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE"
+section: "367"
+citation: "45 U.S.C. § 367"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc45@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t45/s367"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-45/usc45.xml"
+source_hash: "c6b13d443afecfdf2a51c59d47ee4202ba6e561455af608df23112c9417c813f"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "6ff04cb352e22f8a18f24c94e9adb8036909cf2a75f41489d768a5934fb9667c"
+text_hash: "d436a6085a1ca3959ab60977bb84a4eb02c39e10130fece899daf38caa7fc983"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 45 U.S.C. § 367 - Short title
+
+## Text
+
+This chapter may be cited as the “Railroad Unemployment Insurance Act”.
+
+(June 25, 1938, ch. 680, § 17, 52 Stat. 1113.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThis chapter, referred to in text, was in the original “this Act”, meaning act June 25, 1938, ch. 680, 52 Stat. 1094, which enacted this chapter and amended sections 503 and 1104 and former section 1107 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.
+
+Codification Another section 17 of Act June 25, 1938, was classified to section 368 of this title prior to repeal by Pub. L. 104–251, § 5(c), Oct. 9, 1996, 110 Stat. 3165.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Short Title of 2020 AmendmentPub. L. 116–260, div. N, title II, § 231, Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 1957, provided that: “This subchapter [subchapter III (§§ 231–235) of title II of div. N of Pub. L. 116–260, amending section 352 of this title, section 906 of Title 2, The Congress, and section 9030 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 352 of this title, section 906 of Title 2, and section 9030 of Title 15] may be cited as the ‘Continued Assistance to Rail Workers Act of 2020’.”
+
+Short Title of 1996 AmendmentPub. L. 104–251, § 1, Oct. 9, 1996, 110 Stat. 3161, provided that: “This Act [amending section 352 of this title, repealing section 368 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 352 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Railroad Unemployment Insurance Amendments Act of 1996’.”
+
+Short Title of 1988 AmendmentPub. L. 100–647, title VII, § 7001, Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3757, provided that: “This title [enacting section 369 of this title, amending sections 231, 231a, 231e, 351 to 355, 358, 360, 361, and 362 of this title and sections 3321, 3322, 6157, 6201, 6317, 6513, and 6601 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, omitting section 3323 of Title 26, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 231, 231a, 351 to 353, 355, and 358 of this title and section 3321 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as notes under section 231n of this title] may be cited as the ‘Railroad Unemployment Insurance and Retirement Improvement Act of 1988’.”

legal/us/code/title-45/chapter-11/section-368.md

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "45 U.S.C. § 368"
+description: "Repealed. Pub. L. 104–251, § 5(c), Oct. 9, 1996, 110 Stat. 3165"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 45
+title_name: "RAILROADS"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "RAILROAD UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE"
+section: "368"
+citation: "45 U.S.C. § 368"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc45@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t45/s368"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-45/usc45.xml"
+source_hash: "0b61b19987fc24924a5fb4b2544211eb9010ff426c10f2dbba465a5cce832166"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "6ff04cb352e22f8a18f24c94e9adb8036909cf2a75f41489d768a5934fb9667c"
+text_hash: "f38f1acb394248f0257aee1fd80840cc9b306b99f69bf818f419bb96cf354dbc"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 45 U.S.C. § 368 - Repealed. Pub. L. 104–251, § 5(c), Oct. 9, 1996, 110 Stat. 3165
+
+## Notes
+
+Section, act June 25, 1938, ch. 680, § 17, as added Mar. 24, 1983, Pub. L. 98–8, title I, § 102(a), 97 Stat. 32; amended Nov. 30, 1983, Pub. L. 98–181, title II, § 2005(a), 97 Stat. 1298, related to payment of supplemental employment benefits.
+
+Another section 17 of act June 25, 1938, is classified to section 367 of this title.

legal/us/code/title-45/chapter-11/section-369.md

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "45 U.S.C. § 369"
+description: "Annual report"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 45
+title_name: "RAILROADS"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "RAILROAD UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE"
+section: "369"
+citation: "45 U.S.C. § 369"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc45@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t45/s369"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-45/usc45.xml"
+source_hash: "969b5a12920b54464e7d5c8f05413cb6f834dc89f6bccd4dd6f3611dfefdfd81"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "6ff04cb352e22f8a18f24c94e9adb8036909cf2a75f41489d768a5934fb9667c"
+text_hash: "4a1ed76d28b4d5e521d7fbf6d26f577055d11ce5903fcc9ccd943b8bebdb5d6f"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 45 U.S.C. § 369 - Annual report
+
+## Text
+
+On or before July 1 of 1989, and of each calendar year thereafter, the Railroad Retirement Board shall submit to the Congress a report on the financial status of the railroad unemployment insurance system under various economic and employment assumptions. Such report shall include any recommendation for financing changes which might be advisable, including any adjustment the Railroad Retirement Board recommends regarding the rates of employer contributions.
+
+(Pub. L. 100–647, title VII, § 7105, Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3772.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification Section was enacted as part of the Railroad Unemployment Insurance and Retirement Improvement Act of 1988 and also as part of the Technical and Miscellaneous Revenue Act of 1988, and not as part of the Railroad Unemployment Insurance Act which comprises this chapter.