Legal corpus: the complete U.S. Code (59,740 sections, all 53 titles)

Ingested titles 12–51 and 54 from OLRC USLM XML @119-100 (the whole Code now, uniform edition; Title 53 is reserved/empty). LegalText 11,221 -> 59,740; repo total 105,704 records. Deterministic (byte-identical rerun, verified on Title 42's 8,356 sections); make check green. make legal-us-code default now covers every title. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-07-06 10:51:44 -04:00
parent 511d65f9a0
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+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1"
+description: "Omitted"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "1"
+chapter_name: "BUREAU OF INSULAR AFFAIRS"
+section: "1"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "7908477625984bd6a6bb6907ed825c99af6f0732f61eafb809ac8413d4c6f5c9"
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+text_hash: "c3004e67139a4762d131b7c75c4f611c04a0aa868857ba829bf887d35226f11e"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1 - Omitted
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification Section, act July 1, 1902, ch. 1369, § 87, 32 Stat. 712, provided that the Division of Insular Affairs of the War Department should be known as the Bureau of Insular Affairs and prescribed its business. By Ex. Ord. No. 6726, eff. May 29, 1934, the Division of Territories and Island Possessions was established in the Department of the Interior, and the functions of the Bureau pertaining to the administration of the Government of Puerto Rico, together with the personnel, equipment and funds, were transferred thereto. By Reorg. Plan No. II of 1939, § 4(d), eff. July 1, 1939, 4 F.R. 2731, 53 Stat. 1433, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. The Bureau of Insular Affairs of the War Department and its functions were transferred to the Department of the Interior and consolidated with the Division of Territories and Island Possessions, to be administered under the direction and supervision of the Secretary of the Interior. The office of the Chief of the Bureau and offices subordinate thereto provided for in section 14 of act June 4, 1920, ch. 227, 41 Stat. 769, were abolished and all their functions transferred to, and were to be exercised by, the Director of the Division of Territories and Island Possessions.
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 2"
+description: "Repealed. Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, § 53, 70A Stat. 641"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "1"
+chapter_name: "BUREAU OF INSULAR AFFAIRS"
+section: "2"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 2"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s2"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "48e08d15bba1bbe31bed145990c343c2e96836d14cc24d3af73755883ae831c6"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "2f9a72ec272e6666d7f55f52cc3186aefc6368ca4cc2b9053a531de2fb9288c2"
+text_hash: "5954422ea2fa76c619b71cc7863ca12c646014df24c3daf3635e6d5abc5c5db3"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 2 - Repealed. Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, § 53, 70A Stat. 641
+
+## Notes
+
+Section, acts June 3, 1916, ch. 134, § 14, 39 Stat. 176; June 4, 1920, ch. 227, subch. I, § 14, 41 Stat. 769, prescribed composition of Bureau of Insular Affairs.
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 3"
+description: "Repealed. Pub. L. 89–554, § 8(a), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 640"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "1"
+chapter_name: "BUREAU OF INSULAR AFFAIRS"
+section: "3"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 3"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s3"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "1b61c8ab1e24b1bd792c217f22db5e3ca9504ac31b636ed892194ca066c298f8"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "2f9a72ec272e6666d7f55f52cc3186aefc6368ca4cc2b9053a531de2fb9288c2"
+text_hash: "7c1f0f9350413b77555add1c81f3e02f593658ca3a1288ed9591baeeb0d71371"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 3 - Repealed. Pub. L. 89–554, § 8(a), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 640
+
+## Notes
+
+Section, acts June 25, 1906, ch. 3528, 34 Stat. 456; June 4, 1920, ch. 227, subch. I, § 14, 41 Stat. 769, provided for appointment of Chief of Bureau.
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1451"
+description: "Rights of Indians not impaired; boundaries"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "10"
+chapter_name: "TERRITORIAL PROVISIONS OF A GENERAL NATURE"
+section: "1451"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1451"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1451"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "755feef92b6e1019524cca3ead4d761adec29a983207986574240276b7f79335"
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+text_hash: "340efa5f580b7ff798b65ec1bd82729d969ae9a54eeb7f3d280dcb0b1317a51a"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1451 - Rights of Indians not impaired; boundaries
+
+## Text
+
+Nothing in title 23 of the Revised Statutes shall be construed to impair the rights of person or property pertaining to the Indians in any Territory, so long as such rights remain unextinguished by treaty between the United States and such Indians, or to include any Territory which, by treaty with any Indian tribe, is not, without the consent of such tribe, embraced within the territorial limits or jurisdiction of any State or Territory; but all such territory shall be excepted out of the boundaries, and constitute no part of any Territory now or hereafter organized until such tribe signifies its assent to the President to be embraced within a particular Territory. As used herein, the term “Territory” does not include the Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, or the Northern Mariana Islands.
+
+(R.S. § 1839; Pub. L. 98–213, § 15(a), Dec. 8, 1983, 97 Stat. 1462.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextTitle 23 of the Revised Statutes, referred to in text, was in the original “this Title”, meaning title XXIII of the Revised Statutes, consisting of R.S. §§ 1839 to 1976, and which, insofar as classified to the Code, is classified to sections 1451 to 1455, 1457 to 1460a, 1463, 1463a, 1465, 1467 to 1470, 1480, and 1482 to 1485 of this title and to sections 644 to 647, 649, and 655 to 657 of Title 16, Conservation. For complete classification of R.S. §§ 1839 to 1976 to the Code, see Tables.
+
+Codification R.S. § 1839 derived from N.M., act Sept. 9, 1850, ch. 49, § 2, 9 Stat. 447. Utah, act Sept. 9, 1850, ch. 51, § 1, 9 Stat. 453. Wash., act Mar. 2, 1853, ch. 90, § 1, 10 Stat. 172. Colo., act Feb. 28, 1861, ch. 59, § 1, 12 Stat. 172. Dak., act Mar. 2, 1861, ch. 86, § 1, 12 Stat. 239. Ariz., act Feb. 24, 1863, ch. 56, § 1, 12 Stat. 664. Idaho, act Mar. 3, 1863, ch. 117, § 1, 12 Stat. 808. Mont., act May 26, 1864, ch. 95, § 1, 13 Stat. 85. Wyo., act July 25, 1868, ch. 235, § 1, 15 Stat. 178.
+
+Amendments1983—Pub. L. 98–213 inserted provisions excluding from the term “Territory” the Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, or the Northern Mariana Islands.
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1452"
+description: "Regulation of Indians"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "10"
+chapter_name: "TERRITORIAL PROVISIONS OF A GENERAL NATURE"
+section: "1452"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1452"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1452"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "19231d41f71abeeceb1e6814f7c7348199d1b654d283486633ed69d540d73e46"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1452 - Regulation of Indians
+
+## Text
+
+Nor shall anything in title 23 of the Revised Statutes be construed to affect the authority of the United States to make any regulations respecting the Indians of any Territory, their lands, property, or rights, by treaty, law, or otherwise, in the same manner as might be made if no temporary government existed, or is hereafter established, in any such Territory. As used herein, the term “Territory” does not include the Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, or the Northern Mariana Islands.
+
+(R.S. § 1840; Pub. L. 98–213, § 15(b), Dec. 8, 1983, 97 Stat. 1462.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextTitle 23 of the Revised Statutes, referred to in text, was in the original “this Title”, meaning title 23 of the Revised Statutes, consisting of R.S. §§ 1839 to 1976, and which, insofar as classified to the Code, is classified to sections 1451 to 1455, 1457 to 1460a, 1463, 1463a, 1465, 1467 to 1470, 1480, and 1482 to 1485 of this title and to sections 644 to 647, 649, and 655 to 657 of Title 16, Conservation. For complete classification of R.S. §§ 1839 to 1976 to the Code, see Tables.
+
+Codification R.S. § 1840 derived from N.M., act Sept. 9, 1850, ch. 49, § 2, 9 Stat. 447. Utah, act Sept. 9, 1850, ch. 51, § 1, 9 Stat. 453. Wash., act Mar. 2, 1853, ch. 90, § 1, 10 Stat. 172. Colo., act Feb. 28, 1861, ch. 59, § 1, 12 Stat. 172. Dak., act Mar. 2, 1861, ch. 86, § 1, 12 Stat. 239. Ariz., act Feb. 24, 1863, ch. 56, § 1, 12 Stat. 664. Idaho, act Mar. 3, 1863, ch. 117, § 1, 12 Stat. 808. Mont., act May 26, 1864, ch. 95, § 1, 13 Stat. 85. Wyo., act July 25, 1868, ch. 235, § 1, 15 Stat. 178.
+
+Amendments1983—Pub. L. 98–213 inserted provisions excluding from the term “Territory” the Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, or the Northern Mariana Islands.
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1453 to 1455"
+description: "Repealed. Pub. L. 98–213, § 16(c)–(f), Dec. 8, 1983, 97 Stat. 1462"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "10"
+chapter_name: "TERRITORIAL PROVISIONS OF A GENERAL NATURE"
+section: "1453 to 1455"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1453 to 1455"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1453...1455"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "2beca58c796bdcc452b3d0d249707950660238881fe9ee234f0fde2114596d6f"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1453 to 1455 - Repealed. Pub. L. 98–213, § 16(c)–(f), Dec. 8, 1983, 97 Stat. 1462
+
+## Notes
+
+Section 1453, R.S. § 1841, related to powers, duties and term of office of governor of each Territory, in whom the executive power was vested.
+
+Section 1453a, R.S. § 1873, related to temporary definition by proclamation, by governor, of judicial districts of such Territory, and assignment of judges appointed for such Territory to several districts as well as fixing of times and places for holding courts.
+
+Section 1454, R.S. § 1843, related to appointment and term of office of Secretary appointed for each Territory, and duties in case of death, removal, resignation or absence of governor from Territory.
+
+Section 1455, R.S. § 1844, related to duties of secretary regarding recordation, preservation, and publication of all laws and proceedings of legislative assembly and governor in executive department.
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1456"
+description: "Repealed. Sept. 12, 1950, ch. 946, title III, § 301(106), 64 Stat. 844"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "10"
+chapter_name: "TERRITORIAL PROVISIONS OF A GENERAL NATURE"
+section: "1456"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1456"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1456"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "22c342cd9a4840e5b80c0b91ae28536e48a71d6201a10b2d5c2ea0f59fcccee7"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "2f9a72ec272e6666d7f55f52cc3186aefc6368ca4cc2b9053a531de2fb9288c2"
+text_hash: "eb16df8d36f5145af88f995be2bda727ef410731ba96da8ff40ac1660c1770c8"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1456 - Repealed. Sept. 12, 1950, ch. 946, title III, § 301(106), 64 Stat. 844
+
+## Notes
+
+Section, acts June 20, 1874, ch. 328, § 1, 18 Stat. 99; June 10, 1921, ch. 18, § 215, 42 Stat. 23, made it duty of secretary of each Territory to furnish annual estimates for expenses to Secretary of the Treasury.
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1457 to 1469–1"
+description: "Repealed. Pub. L. 98–213, § 16(a), (g)–(u), Dec. 8, 1983, 97 Stat. 1462, 1463"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "10"
+chapter_name: "TERRITORIAL PROVISIONS OF A GENERAL NATURE"
+section: "1457 to 1469–1"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1457 to 1469–1"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1457...1469–1"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "7a3bb0fafa8cac95842db4f2851687810dcd5e063fd9943f7c403d6467e3d605"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "2f9a72ec272e6666d7f55f52cc3186aefc6368ca4cc2b9053a531de2fb9288c2"
+text_hash: "2f96ababd1f7bad58d3316b80827ad8fac6323ed48c4211242ce50951716920f"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1457 to 1469–1 - Repealed. Pub. L. 98–213, § 16(a), (g)–(u), Dec. 8, 1983, 97 Stat. 1462, 1463
+
+## Notes
+
+Section 1457, R.S. § 1855, prohibited making or enforcement of any law of any Territorial legislature by which the governor, secretary or members or officers of any Territorial legislature are paid any compensation other than that provided by the laws of the United States.
+
+Section 1458, R.S. § 1857, related to appointment or election of all township, district and county officers, except justices of the peace and general officers of the militia, and the appointment of all other officers by the governor, except in first instance where a new Territory is created, all officers to be appointed by the governor.
+
+Section 1459, R.S. § 1858, related to filling of vacancies, during recess of legislative council, of offices which, under organic act of any Territory, were required to be filled by governor with the advice and consent of such council.
+
+Section 1460, R.S. § 1860; Mar. 3, 1883, ch. 134, 22 Stat. 567; July 31, 1939, ch. 399, 53 Stat. 1143, related to qualification of voters at all elections subsequent to first election, in any newly created Territory, as well as at all elections in Territories already organized.
+
+Section 1460a, R.S. § 1854; Feb. 22, 1889, ch. 180, 25 Stat. 676; Nov. 11, 1889, No. 8, 26 Stat. 1552, 1553, restricted a member of legislative assembly from holding any office created, or salary of which has been increased, by legislature of which he was a member, during term for which he was elected and for one year thereafter.
+
+Section 1461, act Mar. 22, 1882, ch. 47, § 8, 22 Stat. 31, prohibited polygamists, bigamists, etc., from voting or holding office in any Territory.
+
+Section 1462, act June 19, 1878, ch. 329, § 1, 20 Stat. 193, related to number and compensation of subordinate officers of each branch of Territorial legislature.
+
+Section 1463, R.S. § 1868, related to chancery and common-law jurisdiction of supreme and district courts.
+
+Section 1463a, R.S. § 1864, related to membership, quorum, and term of office of supreme court of every Territory.
+
+Section 1464, act Apr. 7, 1874, ch. 80, § 1, 18 Stat. 27, confirmed right to mingle exercise of common-law and chancery jurisdiction in courts of several Territories, provided no party was deprived of right to trial by jury in cases cognizable at common law.
+
+Section 1465, R.S. § 1878, related to oath of office, and certification thereof, by governor, secretary, chief justice, associate justices and all other civil officers.
+
+Section 1466, act May 1, 1876, ch. 88, 19 Stat. 43, related to time when payment of salaries of all officers of the Territories was to commence.
+
+Section 1467, R.S. § 1883; Pub. L. 90–578, title IV, § 402(b)(2), Oct. 17, 1968, 82 Stat. 1118, related to fees and costs allowed United States attorneys, marshals, clerks of courts, jurors, etc.
+
+Section 1468, R.S. § 1884; June 10, 1921, ch. 18, § 304, 42 Stat. 24, prohibited payment of salaries to any officer of a Territory absent therefrom, unless good cause was shown to the President.
+
+Section 1469, R.S. § 1886; June 10, 1921, ch. 18, § 304, 42 Stat. 24, related to accounts and disbursements of Territories for support of government.
+
+Section 1469–1, act Mar. 4, 1915, ch. 141, § 1, 38 Stat. 1021; June 10, 1921, ch. 18, title III, § 304, 42 Stat. 24, related to transmittal of accounts and vouchers relating to expenditure of appropriations for government in Territories to Secretary of the Interior for administrative examination and by him to General Accounting Office.
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1469a–1"
+description: "Full amounts to be covered into treasuries of Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and Virgin Islands; reductions prohibited"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "10"
+chapter_name: "TERRITORIAL PROVISIONS OF A GENERAL NATURE"
+section: "1469a–1"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1469a–1"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1469a–1"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "6e0f6cf1f03a884dffcf0bbb3ee428431ace2416e469b4da292d5f83239d939a"
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+text_hash: "d5af95c47de02f4c32dde8d896229fd8167642c11a2607fe1dd6183b1eb267a8"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1469a–1 - Full amounts to be covered into treasuries of Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and Virgin Islands; reductions prohibited
+
+## Text
+
+Pursuant to the terms of the Organic Act of Guam (64 Stat. 384), as amended [48 U.S.C. 1421 et seq.]; the Joint resolution to Approve the Covenant to Establish a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands in Political Union With the United States of America (90 Stat. 263), as amended [48 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.]; the Puerto Rican Federal Relations Act (64 Stat. 319), as amended and supplemented [48 U.S.C. 731 et seq.]; and the Revised Organic Act of the Virgin Islands (86 11 So in original. Probably should be “68”. Stat. 497), as amended and supplemented [48 U.S.C. 1541 et seq.] and an Act to authorize appropriations for certain insular areas of the United States, and for other purposes (92 Stat. 487), as amended; there shall be paid into the treasuries of Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands respectively the full amounts which are to be covered into the treasuries of said islands or paid pursuant to said laws as amended and supplemented and such amounts shall not be reduced, notwithstanding Public Law 99–177, Public Law 99–366, or any other provision of law.
+
+(Pub. L. 99–396, § 19(b), Aug. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 844.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThe Organic Act of Guam, referred to in text, is act Aug. 1, 1950, ch. 512, 64 Stat. 384, which is classified generally to chapter 8A (§ 1421 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1421 of this title and Tables. The Joint resolution to Approve the Covenant to Establish a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands in Political Union With the United States of America, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 94–241, Mar. 24, 1976, 90 Stat. 263, which is classified generally to subchapter I (§ 1801 et seq.) of chapter 17 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables. The Puerto Rican Federal Relations Act, referred to in text, is act Mar. 2, 1917, ch. 145, 39 Stat. 951, also known as the Jones Act, which is classified principally to chapter 4 (§ 731 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 731 of this title and Tables. The Revised Organic Act of the Virgin Islands, referred to in text, is act July 22, 1954, ch. 558, 68 Stat. 497, which is classified principally to chapter 12 (§ 1541 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1541 of this title and Tables. The Act to authorize appropriations for certain insular areas of the United States, and for other purposes (92 Stat. 487), referred to in text, is Pub. L. 95–348, Aug. 18, 1978, 92 Stat. 487. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables. Public Law 99–177, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 99–177, Dec. 12, 1985, 99 Stat. 1037, title II of which is known as the “Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985”, which enacted chapter 20 (§ 900 et seq.) and sections 654 to 656 of Title 2, The Congress, amended sections 602, 622, 631 to 642, and 651 to 653 of Title 2, sections 1104 to 1106, and 1109 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and section 911 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, repealed section 661 of Title 2, enacted provisions set out as notes under section 900 of Title 2 and section 911 of Title 42, and amended provisions set out as a note under section 621 of Title 2. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 900 of Title 2 and Tables. Public Law 99–366, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 99–366, July 31, 1986, 100 Stat. 773, which is classified as a note under section 904 of Title 2.
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1469a"
+description: "Congressional declaration of policy respecting “Insular Areas”"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "10"
+chapter_name: "TERRITORIAL PROVISIONS OF A GENERAL NATURE"
+section: "1469a"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1469a"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1469a"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1469a - Congressional declaration of policy respecting “Insular Areas”
+
+## Text
+
+In order to minimize the burden caused by existing application and reporting procedures for certain grant-in-aid programs available to the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, and the Government of the Northern Mariana Islands (hereafter referred to as “Insular Areas”) it is declared to be the policy of the Congress, notwithstanding any provision of law to the contrary, that:
+
+(a) Any department or agency of the Government of the United States which administers any Act of Congress which specifically provides for making grants to any Insular Area under which payments received may be used by such Insular Area only for certain specified purposes (other than direct payments to classes of individuals) may, acting through appropriate administrative authorities of such department or agency, consolidate any or all grants made to such area for any fiscal year or years.
+
+(b) Any consolidated grant for any insular area shall not be less than the sum of all grants which such area would otherwise be entitled to receive for such year.
+
+(c) The funds received under a consolidated grant shall be expended in furtherance of the programs and purposes authorized for any of the grants which are being consolidated, which are authorized under any of the Acts administered by the department or agency making the grant, and which would be applicable to grants for such programs and purposes in the absence of the consolidation, but the Insular Areas shall determine the proportion of the funds granted which shall be allocated to such programs and purposes.
+
+(d) Each department or agency making grants-in-aid shall, by regulations published in the Federal Register, provide the method by which any Insular Area may submit (i) a single application for a consolidated grant for any fiscal year period, but not more than one such application for a consolidated grant shall be required by any department or agency unless notice of such requirement is transmitted to the appropriate committees of the United States Congress together with a complete explanation of the necessity for requiring such additional applications and (ii) a single report to such department or agency with respect to each such consolidated grant: Provided, That nothing in this paragraph shall preclude such department or agency from providing adequate procedures for accounting, auditing, evaluating, and reviewing any programs or activities receiving benefits from any consolidated grant. The administering authority of any department or agency, in its discretion, may 11 See Application of Subsection (d) to Department of the Interior note below. (i) waive any requirement for matching funds otherwise required by law to be provided by the Insular Area involved and (ii) waive the requirement that any Insular Area submit an application or report in writing with respect to any consolidated grant.
+
+(Pub. L. 95–134, title V, § 501, Oct. 15, 1977, 91 Stat. 1164; Pub. L. 95–348, § 9, Aug. 18, 1978, 92 Stat. 495.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments1978—Pub. L. 95–348, § 9(1), in introductory provision inserted “, notwithstanding any provision of law to the contrary,” after “Congress”. Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–348, § 9(2), substituted “Any” for “Notwithstanding any provision of law to the contrary, any”.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Maintenance or Level of Effort Requirements; Adjustment or Modification by Administrator of Environmental Protection AgencyPub. L. 99–396, § 12(a), Aug. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 841, provided that: “In awarding assistance grants, consolidated under the provisions of title V of the Act entitled ‘An Act to authorize certain appropriations for the territories of the United States, to amend certain Acts related thereto, and for other purposes’ (91 Stat. 1159, as amended) [42 U.S.C. 4368b; 48 U.S.C. 1469a], to the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands or the Virgin Islands, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency may, in his discretion, adjust or otherwise modify maintenance or level of effort requirements.”
+
+Application of Subsection (d) to Department of the InteriorPub. L. 96–205, title VI, § 601, Mar. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 90, as amended Pub. L. 98–213, § 6, Dec. 8, 1983, 97 Stat. 1460; Pub. L. 98–454, title VI, § 601(b), Oct. 5, 1984, 98 Stat. 1736, provided that this section shall be applied with respect to the Department of the Interior by substituting “shall” for “may” in the last sentence of subsection (d), and adding the following sentence at the end of subsection (d): “Notwithstanding any other provision of law, in the case of American Samoa, Guam, the Virgin Islands, and the Northern Mariana Islands any department or agency shall waive any requirement for local matching funds under $200,000 (including in-kind contributions) required by law to be provided by American Samoa, Guam, the Virgin Islands, or the Northern Mariana Islands.”
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands For termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, see note set out preceding section 1681 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1469b"
+description: "Auditing of transactions of territorial and local governments"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "10"
+chapter_name: "TERRITORIAL PROVISIONS OF A GENERAL NATURE"
+section: "1469b"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1469b"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1469b"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1469b - Auditing of transactions of territorial and local governments
+
+## Text
+
+That all financial transactions of the territorial and local governments herein provided for, including such transactions of all agencies or instrumentalities established or used by such governments, may be audited by the Government Accountability Office, at its discretion, in accordance with chapter 35 of title 31.
+
+(Pub. L. 119–74, div. C, title I, Jan. 23, 2026, 140 Stat. 113.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextHerein provided for, referred to in text, means provided for in the appropriation act cited as the credit to this section.
+
+Codification Section is from the appropriation act cited as the credit to this section.
+
+Prior ProvisionsProvisions similar to those in this section were contained in the following prior appropriations acts: Pub. L. 118–42, div. E, title I, Mar. 9, 2024, 138 Stat. 238. Pub. L. 117–328, div. G, title I, Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 4778. Pub. L. 117–103, div. G, title I, Mar. 15, 2022, 136 Stat. 367. Pub. L. 116–260, div. G, title I, Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 1497. Pub. L. 116–94, div. D, title I, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 2704. Pub. L. 116–6, div. E, title I, Feb. 15, 2019, 133 Stat. 223. Pub. L. 115–141, div. G, title I, Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 651. Pub. L. 115–31, div. G, title I, May 5, 2017, 131 Stat. 452. Pub. L. 114–113, div. G, title I, Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 2542. Pub. L. 113–235, div. F, title I, Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2412. Pub. L. 113–76, div. G, title I, Jan. 17, 2014, 128 Stat. 304. Pub. L. 112–74, div. E, title I, Dec. 23, 2011, 125 Stat. 1001. Pub. L. 111–88, div. A, title I, Oct. 30, 2009, 123 Stat. 2920. Pub. L. 111–8, div. E, title I, Mar. 11, 2009, 123 Stat. 717. Pub. L. 110–161, div. F, title I, Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2114. Pub. L. 109–54, title I, Aug. 2, 2005, 119 Stat. 517. Pub. L. 108–447, div. E, title I, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 3059. Pub. L. 108–108, title I, Nov. 10, 2003, 117 Stat. 1260; Pub. L. 108–271, § 8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814. Pub. L. 108–7, div. F, title I, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 234. Pub. L. 107–63, title I, Nov. 5, 2001, 115 Stat. 433. Pub. L. 106–291, title I, Oct. 11, 2000, 114 Stat. 938. Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, § 1000(a)(3) [title I], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1535, 1501A–151. Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, § 101(e) [title I], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–231, 2681–249. Pub. L. 105–83, title I, Nov. 14, 1997, 111 Stat. 1558. Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, § 101(d) [title I], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–181, 3009–196. Pub. L. 104–134, title I, § 101(c) [title I], Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321–156, 1321–173; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 104–140, § 1(a), May 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 1327. Pub. L. 103–332, title I, Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2515. Pub. L. 103–138, title I, Nov. 11, 1993, 107 Stat. 1394. Pub. L. 102–381, title I, Oct. 5, 1992, 106 Stat. 1392. Pub. L. 102–154, title I, Nov. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1007. Pub. L. 101–512, title I, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1932. Pub. L. 101–121, title I, Oct. 23, 1989, 103 Stat. 716. Pub. L. 100–446, title I, Sept. 27, 1988, 102 Stat. 1797. Pub. L. 100–202, § 101(g) [title I], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–213, 1329–231. Pub. L. 99–500, § 101(h) [title I], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–242, 1783–258, and Pub. L. 99–591, § 101(h) [title I], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–242, 3341–258. Pub. L. 99–190, § 101(d) [title I], Dec. 19, 1985, 99 Stat. 1224, 1238. Pub. L. 98–473, title I, § 101(c) [title I], Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 1837, 1851. Pub. L. 98–146, title I, Nov. 4, 1983, 97 Stat. 931. Pub. L. 97–394, title I, Dec. 30, 1982, 96 Stat. 1979. Pub. L. 97–100, title I, Dec. 23, 1981, 95 Stat. 1402. Pub. L. 96–514, title I, Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2969. Pub. L. 96–126, title I, Nov. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 965. Pub. L. 95–465, title I, Oct. 17, 1978, 92 Stat. 1289.
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1469c"
+description: "Availability of services, facilities, and equipment of agencies and instrumentalities of United States; reimbursement requirements"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "10"
+chapter_name: "TERRITORIAL PROVISIONS OF A GENERAL NATURE"
+section: "1469c"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1469c"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1469c"
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+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1469c - Availability of services, facilities, and equipment of agencies and instrumentalities of United States; reimbursement requirements
+
+## Text
+
+To the extent practicable, services, facilities, and equipment of agencies and instrumentalities of the United States Government may be made available, on a reimbursable basis, to the governments of the territories and possessions of the United States and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. Reimbursements may be credited to the appropriation or fund of the agency or instrumentality through which the services, facilities, and equipment are provided. If otherwise authorized by law, such services, facilities, and equipment may be made available without reimbursement.
+
+(Pub. L. 96–205, title VI, § 603, Mar. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 90.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands For termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, see note set out preceding section 1681 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1469d"
+description: "General technical assistance"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "10"
+chapter_name: "TERRITORIAL PROVISIONS OF A GENERAL NATURE"
+section: "1469d"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1469d"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1469d"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
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+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1469d - General technical assistance
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Assistance with matters generally within responsibility of governments; methods of assistance The Secretary of the Interior is authorized to extend to the governments of American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, the Virgin Islands, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, and their agencies and instrumentalities, with or without reimbursement, technical assistance on subjects within the responsibility of the respective territorial governments. Such assistance may be provided by the Secretary of the Interior through members of his staff, reimbursements to other departments or agencies of the Federal Government under sections 1535 and 1536 of title 31, grants to or cooperative agreements with such governments, agreements with Federal agencies or agencies of State or local governments, or the employment of private individuals, partnerships, or corporations. Technical assistance may include research, planning assistance, studies, and demonstration projects.
+
+(b) Agricultural plantings and physical facilities, assistance for peoples of Enewetak Atoll and Bikini Atoll The Secretary of the Interior is further authorized to provide technical assistance to, and maintenance of agricultural plantings and physical facilities for, the peoples from Enewetak Atoll and Bikini Atoll, as well as for the purchase of food and equipment and for the transportation of such food, equipment and persons as he deems necessary and appropriate until such areas produce sufficient food to fully sustain the residents after resettlement. This provision shall not cease to be applicable either before or after the termination of the trusteeship without the express approval of the United States Congress.
+
+(c) Extension of programs administered by Department of Agriculture to Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, etc. The Secretary of Agriculture is authorized to extend, in his discretion, programs administered by the Department of Agriculture to Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, the Virgin Islands, and American Samoa (hereinafter called the territories). Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary of Agriculture is authorized to waive or modify any statutory requirements relating to the provision of assistance under such programs when he deems it necessary in order to adapt the programs to the needs of the respective territory: Provided, That not less than sixty days prior to extending any program pursuant to this section or waiving or modifying any statutory requirement pursuant to this section, the Secretary of Agriculture shall notify the Committee on Agriculture and the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate of his proposed action together with an explanation of why his action is necessary and the anticipated benefits to each territory affected. Such programs shall be carried out in cooperation with the respective governments of the territories and shall be covered by a memorandum of understanding between the respective territorial government and the Department of Agriculture. Any sums appropriated pursuant to this paragraph shall be allocated to the agencies of the Department of Agriculture concerned with the administration of programs in the territories.
+
+(d) Authorization of appropriations Effective October 1, 1981, there are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this section.
+
+(Pub. L. 96–597, title VI, § 601, Dec. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 3479; Pub. L. 103–437, § 17(a)(2), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4595.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification In subsec. (a), “sections 1535 and 1536 of title 31” substituted in text for “the Economy Act (31 U.S.C. 686)” on authority of Pub. L. 97–258, § 4(b), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1067, the first section of which enacted Title 31, Money and Finance.
+
+Amendments1994—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 103–437 substituted “Natural Resources” for “Interior and Insular Affairs” before “of the House”.
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands For termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, see note set out preceding section 1681 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1469e"
+description: "Insular government purchases"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "10"
+chapter_name: "TERRITORIAL PROVISIONS OF A GENERAL NATURE"
+section: "1469e"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1469e"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
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+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1469e - Insular government purchases
+
+## Text
+
+The Governments of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and the United States Virgin Islands are authorized to make purchases through the General Services Administration.
+
+(Pub. L. 102–247, title III, § 302, Feb. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 38; Pub. L. 114–187, title IV, § 406, June 30, 2016, 130 Stat. 592.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Prior ProvisionsSimilar provisions relating to the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, were classified to sections 1401f, 1423l, 1665, and 1682, respectively, of this title.
+
+Amendments2016—Pub. L. 114–187 amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “The Governments of American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, and the Virgin Islands are authorized to make purchases through the General Services Administration.”
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands For termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, see note set out preceding section 1681 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1470"
+description: "Repealed. Pub. L. 98–213, § 16(v), Dec. 8, 1983, 97 Stat. 1463"
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+title_number: 48
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+chapter_name: "TERRITORIAL PROVISIONS OF A GENERAL NATURE"
+section: "1470"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1470"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1470 - Repealed. Pub. L. 98–213, § 16(v), Dec. 8, 1983, 97 Stat. 1463
+
+## Notes
+
+Section, R.S. § 1888, prohibited any Territorial legislative assembly from exceeding amount appropriated by Congress for its annual expenses.
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1470a"
+description: "Omitted"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "10"
+chapter_name: "TERRITORIAL PROVISIONS OF A GENERAL NATURE"
+section: "1470a"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1470a"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1470a"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "4ed899311f36cc74c947680a6acbee67dbd616b159a2d927c189ee04d21301f5"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "2f9a72ec272e6666d7f55f52cc3186aefc6368ca4cc2b9053a531de2fb9288c2"
+text_hash: "21364ed5a874dde0ac52edb17ca15a74278aaae83595f87fcc0016a72d1511ab"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1470a - Omitted
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification Section, act Nov. 4, 1983, Pub. L. 98–146, title I, 97 Stat. 931, which provided that appropriations available for administration of Territories could be expended for purchase, etc., of surface vessels for official purposes and for commercial transportation expenses, was from the Department of the Interior and Related Agencies Appropriation Act, 1984, and was not repeated in subsequent appropriation acts. Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation acts: Dec. 30, 1982, Pub. L. 97–394, title I, 96 Stat. 1979. Dec. 23, 1981, Pub. L. 97–100, title I, 95 Stat. 1401. Dec. 12, 1980, Pub. L. 96–514, title I, 94 Stat. 2969. Nov. 27, 1979, Pub. L. 96–126, title I, 93 Stat. 965. Oct. 17, 1978, Pub. L. 95–465, title I, 92 Stat. 1289. July 26, 1977, Pub. L. 95–74, title I, 91 Stat. 295. July 31, 1976, Pub. L. 94–373, title I, 90 Stat. 1052. Dec. 23, 1975, Pub. L. 94–165, title I, 89 Stat. 987. Aug. 31, 1974, Pub. L. 93–404, title I, 88 Stat. 812. Oct. 4, 1973, Pub. L. 93–120, title I, 87 Stat. 433. Aug. 10, 1972, Pub. L. 92–369, title I, 86 Stat. 512. Aug. 10, 1971, Pub. L. 92–76, title I, 85 Stat. 233. July 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–361, title I, 84 Stat. 673. Oct. 29, 1969, Pub. L. 91–98, title I, 83 Stat. 151. July 26, 1968, Pub. L. 90–425, title I, 82 Stat. 430. June 24, 1967, Pub. L. 90–28, title I, 81 Stat. 63. May 31, 1966, Pub. L. 89–435, title I, 80 Stat. 174. June 28, 1965, Pub. L. 89–52, title I, 79 Stat. 179. July 7, 1964, Pub. L. 88–356, title I, 78 Stat. 278. July 26, 1963, Pub. L. 88–79, title I, 77 Stat. 102. Aug. 9, 1962, Pub. L. 87–578, title I, 76 Stat. 339. Aug. 3, 1961, Pub. L. 87–122, title I, 75 Stat. 250. May 13, 1960, Pub. L. 86–455, title I, 74 Stat. 112. June 23, 1959, Pub. L. 86–60, title I, 73 Stat. 101. June 4, 1958, Pub. L. 85–439, title I, 72 Stat. 163. July 1, 1957, Pub. L. 85–77, title I, 71 Stat. 265. June 13, 1956, ch. 380, title I, 70 Stat. 264. June 16, 1955, ch. 147, title I, 69 Stat. 149. July 1, 1954, ch. 446, title I, 68 Stat. 372.
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1471 to 1479"
+description: "Repealed. Pub. L. 98–213, § 16(w)–(ee), Dec. 8, 1983, 97 Stat. 1463"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "10"
+chapter_name: "TERRITORIAL PROVISIONS OF A GENERAL NATURE"
+section: "1471 to 1479"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1471 to 1479"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1471...1479"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "09072707cc749460aa2217e9a2f7048fad37d7969f87cbf3559f10aed98e3907"
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+text_hash: "f71cb981873c63daba52f0820df3cfa5358ccc814e27cc56249b81139668344b"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1471 to 1479 - Repealed. Pub. L. 98–213, § 16(w)–(ee), Dec. 8, 1983, 97 Stat. 1463
+
+## Notes
+
+Section 1471, act July 30, 1886, ch. 818, § 1, 24 Stat. 170, prohibited legislatures of Territories of the United States from passing local or special laws in certain enumerated cases.
+
+Section 1472, acts July 30, 1886, ch. 818, § 4, 24 Stat. 171; Aug. 22, 1911, ch. 43, 37 Stat. 33, related to limitations on indebtedness of political or municipal corporations and county or other subdivisions in any Territory.
+
+Section 1473, act July 30, 1886, ch. 818, § 3, 24 Stat. 171, limited authority of Territorial legislature to contract any debt by or on behalf of such Territory to certain enumerated cases.
+
+Section 1474, act July 19, 1888, ch. 679, § 2, 25 Stat. 336, related to creation by Territorial legislatures of new counties and location of county seats.
+
+Section 1475, act July 30, 1886, ch. 818, § 2, 24 Stat. 171, prohibited Territorial legislature or political subdivision thereof from subscribing to capital stock of, or loaning its credit to, any incorporated company or association.
+
+Section 1476, act Mar. 4, 1898, ch. 35, 30 Stat. 252, authorized issuance of bonds by chartered municipal corporations for sanitary and health purposes, free of certain debt limitations.
+
+Section 1477, act June 6, 1900, ch. 820, 31 Stat. 683, authorized issuance of bonds by chartered municipal corporations for erection of city buildings, free of certain debt limitations.
+
+Section 1478, act July 30, 1886, ch. 818, § 6, 24 Stat. 171, prohibited construction of any provision to abridge power of Congress from annulling any law of a Territorial legislature, or modifying any existing law of Congress requiring that laws of any Territory be submitted to Congress.
+
+Section 1479, act July 30, 1886, ch. 818, § 7, 24 Stat. 171, declared null and void any acts passed by any Territorial legislature after July 30, 1886, in conflict with specific sections of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1480 to 1480b"
+description: "Repealed. Pub. L. 95–584, § 1, Nov. 2, 1978, 92 Stat. 2483"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "10"
+chapter_name: "TERRITORIAL PROVISIONS OF A GENERAL NATURE"
+section: "1480 to 1480b"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1480 to 1480b"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1480...1480b"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "4309369c49122424594f86d56c13ed3f8c48470aee8efe8a9eed3731f66d2b3d"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "2f9a72ec272e6666d7f55f52cc3186aefc6368ca4cc2b9053a531de2fb9288c2"
+text_hash: "0a647975698e140bfabd98d61471adedf63caf0456307a0232ed265f8fb05f1e"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1480 to 1480b - Repealed. Pub. L. 95–584, § 1, Nov. 2, 1978, 92 Stat. 2483
+
+## Notes
+
+Section 1480, R.S. § 1890, related to right of religious corporations to hold real estate.
+
+Section 1480a, act Mar. 3, 1887, ch. 397, § 26, 24 Stat. 641, related to real estate necessary for use of congregations.
+
+Section 1480b, act Sept. 22, 1950, ch. 986, 64 Stat. 905, related to inapplicability of sections 1480 and 1480a to Alaska.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effect of RepealPub. L. 95–584, § 2, Nov. 2, 1978, 92 Stat. 2483, provided that: “This repeal [repealing sections 1480 to 1480b of this title] may not be considered or construed as endorsement, support, or permission for any development on or other use of any land in any territory or possession of the United States; nor shall it be evidence of congressional or other intent to confirm title to any lands in said territories or possessions claimed by any association, corporation, or other entity for religious or charitable purposes.”
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1481 to 1485"
+description: "Repealed. Pub. L. 98–213, § 16(ff)–(jj), Dec. 8, 1983, 97 Stat. 1463"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "10"
+chapter_name: "TERRITORIAL PROVISIONS OF A GENERAL NATURE"
+section: "1481 to 1485"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1481 to 1485"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1481...1485"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "7ec7365564ad4ba6f624f8995d6e489d46301d516f7d898bdaccf4b04aa0757b"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "2f9a72ec272e6666d7f55f52cc3186aefc6368ca4cc2b9053a531de2fb9288c2"
+text_hash: "447005520d16ec28a3817b9d8caf6f7d88cf233e060902bedfcc8c78434e4878"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1481 to 1485 - Repealed. Pub. L. 98–213, § 16(ff)–(jj), Dec. 8, 1983, 97 Stat. 1463
+
+## Notes
+
+Section 1481, act June 16, 1880, ch. 235, 21 Stat. 277, related to care and custody of convicts.
+
+Section 1482, R.S. § 1892, placed any penitentiary erected or to be erected under care and control of marshal of the United States for Territory or District in which situated.
+
+Section 1483, R.S. § 1893, related to promulgation of rules and regulations by Attorney General of the United States for government of such penitentiaries, and compensation of marshals and their deputies.
+
+Section 1484, R.S. § 1894, related to charging compensation and subsistence and employment expenses of offenders sentenced to imprisonment in such penitentiaries.
+
+Section 1485, R.S. § 1895, related to imprisonment at cost of Territory in such penitentiaries of persons convicted for violation of laws of Territory.
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1486"
+description: "Repealed. Pub. L. 87–826, § 3, Oct. 15, 1962, 76 Stat. 953"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "10"
+chapter_name: "TERRITORIAL PROVISIONS OF A GENERAL NATURE"
+section: "1486"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1486"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1486"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "a01a01ec614d7f9d98b0b26819573ace51cb31a722d84a646b3d7c949b000d8f"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "2f9a72ec272e6666d7f55f52cc3186aefc6368ca4cc2b9053a531de2fb9288c2"
+text_hash: "78ecf0c04c3a859e767b7b36e901ce3fa60c0e9698103d0a2b32c33befeb5d2f"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1486 - Repealed. Pub. L. 87–826, § 3, Oct. 15, 1962, 76 Stat. 953
+
+## Notes
+
+Section, acts Apr. 29, 1902, ch. 637, 32 Stat. 172; Feb. 14, 1903, ch. 552, § 10, 32 Stat. 829; Mar. 4, 1913, ch. 141, § 1, 37 Stat. 736; May 17, 1932, ch. 190, 47 Stat. 158; Proc. No. 2695 eff. July 4, 1946, 11 F.R. 7517, 60 Stat. 1352; 1946 Reorg. Plan No. 3, §§ 101–104, eff. July 16, 1946, 11 F.R. 7877, 60 Stat. 1097; Apr. 7, 1948, ch. 177, 62 Stat. 161, provided that law as to clearance and entry of vessels was applicable to trade between the United States and noncontiguous Territories, etc.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of RepealRepeal of section effective 180 days after Oct. 15, 1962, see section 4 of Pub. L. 87–826.
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1489"
+description: "Loss of title of United States to lands in territories through adverse possession or prescription forbidden"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "10"
+chapter_name: "TERRITORIAL PROVISIONS OF A GENERAL NATURE"
+section: "1489"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1489"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1489"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "431be45c0b30e8943a7627cf7162e6633e3d06f82963b001a44f1493553b8adb"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "2f9a72ec272e6666d7f55f52cc3186aefc6368ca4cc2b9053a531de2fb9288c2"
+text_hash: "2abcc100e25384e22c92a60212e33ca842fccb50b7007eec3678ce5ae3fe27e1"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1489 - Loss of title of United States to lands in territories through adverse possession or prescription forbidden
+
+## Text
+
+On and after March 27, 1934, no prescription or statute of limitations shall run, or continue to run, against the title of the United States to lands in any territory or possession or place or territory under the jurisdiction or control of the United States; and no title to any such lands of the United States or any right therein shall be acquired by adverse possession or prescription, or otherwise than by conveyance from the United States.
+
+(Mar. 27, 1934, ch. 99, 48 Stat. 507; Proc. No. 2695, eff. July 4, 1946, 11 F.R. 7517, 60 Stat. 1352.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification Reference to Philippine Islands omitted in view of independence of Philippines proclaimed by President of United States in Proc. No. 2695, set out under section 1394 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse, and issued pursuant to section 1394 of Title 22.
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1490"
+description: "Repealed. Mar. 3, 1933, ch. 202, § 1, 47 Stat. 1428"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "10"
+chapter_name: "TERRITORIAL PROVISIONS OF A GENERAL NATURE"
+section: "1490"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1490"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1490"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "403c6151a312118ac44a7f5e8ab8b726b35a62a450fb548a57d51915ff44ffe4"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1490 - Repealed. Mar. 3, 1933, ch. 202, § 1, 47 Stat. 1428
+
+## Notes
+
+Section, R.S. § 1891, related to application of United States Constitution and laws to all organized Territories and in every Territory subsequently organized. Insofar as Territories of Alaska and Hawaii are concerned, it is covered by sections 23 and 495 of this title.
+
+Act July 1, 1902, ch. 1369, § 1, 32 Stat. 691, which was also cited as a credit to this section, and which was not repealed by the act of Mar. 3, 1933, provided that this section should not apply to the Philippine Islands.
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1491"
+description: "License, permit, etc., for transportation for storage or storage of spent nuclear fuel or high-level radioactive waste; prerequisites; applicability; “territory or possession” defined"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "10"
+chapter_name: "TERRITORIAL PROVISIONS OF A GENERAL NATURE"
+section: "1491"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1491"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1491"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "5652e228a6e22e017c8896e0d17613b04f6cbd0846054b91f06e80f1b74c8ec8"
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+text_hash: "ec32819f2d1ccf3ddb5dd620272a368442448ceefeb547dd23010c1ddd8ee2ad"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1491 - License, permit, etc., for transportation for storage or storage of spent nuclear fuel or high-level radioactive waste; prerequisites; applicability; “territory or possession” defined
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Prior to the granting of any license, permit, or other authorization or permission by any agency or instrumentality of the United States to any person for the transportation of spent nuclear fuel or high-level radioactive waste for interim, long-term, or permanent storage to or for the storage of such fuel or waste on any territory or possession of the United States, the Secretary of the Interior is directed to transmit to the Congress a detailed report on the proposed transportation or storage plan, and no such license, permit, or other authorization or permission may be granted nor may any such transportation or storage occur unless the proposed transportation or storage plan has been specifically authorized by Act of Congress: Provided, That the provisions of this section shall not apply to the cleanup and rehabilitation of Bikini and Enewetak Atolls.
+
+(b) For the purpose of this section the words “territory or possession” include the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands and any area not within the boundaries of the several States over which the United States claims or exercises sovereignty.
+
+(Pub. L. 96–205, title VI, § 605, Mar. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 90.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands For termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, see note set out preceding section 1681 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1492"
+description: "Energy resources of Caribbean and Pacific insular areas"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "10"
+chapter_name: "TERRITORIAL PROVISIONS OF A GENERAL NATURE"
+section: "1492"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1492"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1492"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "9c378eacbc2eb360e204ac3540e21d1310c39eef7bcb56280714ceba582c104b"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1492 - Energy resources of Caribbean and Pacific insular areas
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Congressional findings The Congress finds that—
+
+(1) the Caribbean and Pacific insular areas of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the Northern Mariana Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, and Palau are virtually completely dependent on imported sources of energy;
+
+(2) the dependence of such areas on imported sources of energy coupled with the increasing cost and the uncertain availability and supply of such sources of energy will continue to frustrate the political, social, and economic development of such areas by placing increasingly severe fiscal burdens on the local governments of these areas;
+
+(3) these insular areas are endowed with a variety of renewable sources of energy which, if developed, would alleviate their dependence on imported sources of energy, relieve the fiscal burden on local governments imposed by the costs of imported fuel, and strengthen the base for political, social, and economic development;
+
+(4) appropriate technologies are presently available to develop the renewable energy resources of these insular areas but that comprehensive energy plans have not been adequately developed to meet the energy demands of these areas from renewable energy resources;
+
+(5) electric power transmission and distribution lines in insular areas are inadequate to withstand damage caused by the hurricanes and typhoons which frequently occur in insular areas and such damage often costs millions of dollars to repair; and
+
+(6) the refinement of renewable energy technologies since the publication of the 1982 Territorial Energy Assessment prepared pursuant to subsection (c) reveals the need to reassess the state of energy production, consumption, infrastructure, reliance on imported energy, opportunities for energy conservation and increased energy efficiency, and indigenous sources in regard to the insular areas.
+
+(b) Congressional declaration of policy The Congress declares that it is the policy of the Federal Government to—
+
+(1) develop the renewable energy resources of the Caribbean and Pacific insular areas of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the Northern Mariana Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, and Palau; and
+
+(2) to assist other insular areas in the Caribbean and Pacific Basin in the development of their renewable energy resources.
+
+(c) Comprehensive energy plan The Secretary of Energy or any administrative official who may succeed him shall prepare a comprehensive energy plan with emphasis on indigenous renewable sources of energy for Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the Northern Mariana Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, the Marshall Islands and Palau. The plan shall be prepared with the approval of the Secretary of the Interior and in cooperation with the chief executive officer of each insular area by—
+
+(1) surveying existing sources and uses of energy;
+
+(2) estimating future energy needs to the year 2020, giving due consideration to a range of economic development possibilities;
+
+(3) assessing, in depth, the availability and potential for development of indigenous energy sources, including solar, wind, hydropower, ocean current and tidal, biogas, biofuel, geothermal and ocean thermal energy conversion;
+
+(4) assessing the mix of energy sources (including fossil fuels) and identifying those technologies that are needed to meet the projected demands for energy; and
+
+(5) drafting long-term energy plans for such insular areas with the objective of minimizing their reliance on energy imports and making maximum use of their indigenous energy resources.
+
+(d) Demonstration of cost effective renewable energy technologies The Secretary of Energy or any administrative official who may succeed him, with the approval of the Secretary of the Interior, as part of the comprehensive energy planning may demonstrate those indigenous renewable energy technologies which are determined to be most cost effective through the use of existing programs and may implement any projects or programs contained in recommendations of the plan.
+
+(e) Updating of plans; submission to Congress (1) The Secretary of the Interior, in consultation with the Secretary of Energy and the head of government of each insular area, shall update the plans required under subsection (c) by—
+
+(A) updating the contents required by subsection (c);
+
+(B) drafting long-term energy plans for such insular areas with the objective of reducing, to the extent feasible, their reliance on energy imports by the year 2012, increasing energy conservation and energy efficiency, and maximizing, to the extent feasible, use of indigenous energy sources; and
+
+(C) drafting long-term energy transmission line plans for such insular areas with the objective that the maximum percentage feasible of electric power transmission and distribution lines in each insular area be protected from damage caused by hurricanes and typhoons.
+
+(2) In carrying out this subsection, the Secretary of Energy shall identify and evaluate the strategies or projects with the greatest potential for reducing the dependence on imported fossil fuels as used for the generation of electricity, including strategies and projects for—
+
+(A) improved supply-side efficiency of centralized electrical generation, transmission, and distribution systems;
+
+(B) improved demand-side management through—
+
+(i) the application of established standards for energy efficiency for appliances;
+
+(ii) the conduct of energy audits for business and industrial customers; and
+
+(iii) the use of energy savings performance contracts;
+
+(C) increased use of renewable energy, including—
+
+(i) solar thermal energy for electric generation;
+
+(ii) solar thermal energy for water heating in large buildings, such as hotels, hospitals, government buildings, and residences;
+
+(iii) photovoltaic energy;
+
+(iv) wind energy;
+
+(v) hydroelectric energy;
+
+(vi) wave energy;
+
+(vii) energy from ocean thermal resources, including ocean thermal-cooling for community air conditioning;
+
+(viii) water vapor condensation for the production of potable water;
+
+(ix) fossil fuel and renewable hybrid electrical generation systems; and
+
+(x) other strategies or projects that the Secretary may identify as having significant potential; and
+
+(D) fuel substitution and minimization with indigenous biofuels, such as coconut oil.
+
+(3) In carrying out this subsection, for each insular area with a significant need for distributed generation, the Secretary of Energy shall identify and evaluate the most promising strategies and projects described in subparagraphs (C) and (D) of paragraph (2) for meeting that need.
+
+(4) In assessing the potential of any strategy or project under paragraphs (2) and (3), the Secretary of Energy shall consider—
+
+(A) the estimated cost of the power or energy to be produced, including—
+
+(i) any additional costs associated with the distribution of the generation; and
+
+(ii) the long-term availability of the generation source;
+
+(B) the capacity of the local electrical utility to manage, operate, and maintain any project that may be undertaken; and
+
+(C) other factors the Secretary of Energy considers to be appropriate.
+
+(5) Not later than 1 year after August 8, 2005, the Secretary of the Interior shall submit to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate, the Committee on Resources of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives, the updated plans for each insular area required by this subsection.
+
+(f) Authorization of appropriations There are hereby authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this section.
+
+(g) Financial assistance (1) The Secretary of Energy may grant financial assistance, not to exceed $2,000,000 annually, to insular area governments or private sector persons working in cooperation with insular area governments to carry out projects to evaluate the feasibility of, develop options for, and encourage the adoption of energy efficiency and renewable energy measures which reduce the dependency of the insular areas on imported fuels, improve the quality of the environment, and promote development in the insular areas.
+
+(2) Any applicant for financial assistance under this subsection must evidence coordination and cooperation with, and support from, the affected local energy institutions.
+
+(3) In determining the amount of financial assistance to be provided for a proposed project, the Secretary shall consider—
+
+(A) whether the measure will reduce the relative dependence of the insular area on imported fuels;
+
+(B) the ease and costs of operation and maintenance of any facilities contemplated as a part of the project;
+
+(C) whether the project will rely on the use of conservation measures or indigenous, renewable energy resources that were identified in the 1982 Territorial Energy Assessment or that are identified by the Secretary as consistent with the purposes of this subsection;
+
+(D) whether the measure will contribute significantly to development and the quality of the environment in the insular area; and
+
+(E) any other factors which the Secretary may determine to be relevant to a particular project.
+
+(4) Power line grants for insular areas.— (A) In general.— The Secretary of the Interior is authorized to make grants to governments of insular areas of the United States to carry out eligible projects to protect electric power transmission and distribution lines in such insular areas from damage caused by hurricanes and typhoons.
+
+(B) Eligible projects.— The Secretary of the Interior may award grants under subparagraph (A) only to governments of insular areas of the United States that submit written project plans to the Secretary for projects that meet the following criteria:
+
+(i) The project is designed to protect electric power transmission and distribution lines located in 1 or more of the insular areas of the United States from damage caused by hurricanes and typhoons.
+
+(ii) The project is likely to substantially reduce the risk of future damage, hardship, loss, or suffering.
+
+(iii) The project addresses 1 or more problems that have been repetitive or that pose a significant risk to public health and safety.
+
+(iv) The project is not likely to cost more than the value of the reduction in direct damage and other negative impacts that the project is designed to prevent or mitigate. The cost benefit analysis required by this criterion shall be computed on a net present value basis.
+
+(v) The project design has taken into consideration long-term changes to the areas and persons it is designed to protect and has manageable future maintenance and modification requirements.
+
+(vi) The project plan includes an analysis of a range of options to address the problem it is designed to prevent or mitigate and a justification for the selection of the project in light of that analysis.
+
+(vii) The applicant has demonstrated to the Secretary that the matching funds required by subparagraph (D) are available.
+
+(C) Priority.— When making grants under this paragraph, the Secretary of the Interior shall give priority to grants for projects which are likely to—
+
+(i) have the greatest impact on reducing future disaster losses; and
+
+(ii) best conform with plans that have been approved by the Federal Government or the government of the insular area where the project is to be carried out for development or hazard mitigation for that insular area.
+
+(D) Matching requirement.— The Federal share of the cost for a project for which a grant is provided under this paragraph shall not exceed 75 percent of the total cost of that project. The non-Federal share of the cost may be provided in the form of cash or services.
+
+(E) Treatment of funds for certain purposes.— Grants provided under this paragraph shall not be considered as income, a resource, or a duplicative program when determining eligibility or benefit levels for Federal major disaster and emergency assistance.
+
+(F) Authorization of appropriations.— There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this paragraph $6,000,000 for each fiscal year beginning after August 8, 2005.
+
+(5) For the purposes of this subsection—
+
+(A) the term “insular area” means American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Federated States of Micronesia, Guam, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, the Republic of Palau, and the Virgin Islands; and
+
+(B) the term “1982 Territorial Energy Assessment” means the comprehensive energy plan prepared by the Secretary of Energy pursuant to subsection (c).
+
+(Pub. L. 96–597, title VI, § 604, Dec. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 3480; Pub. L. 98–213, § 7, Dec. 8, 1983, 97 Stat. 1460; Pub. L. 102–486, title XXVII, § 2701, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3118; Pub. L. 109–58, title II, § 251, Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 679.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextAugust 8, 2005, referred to in subsecs. (e)(5) and (g)(4)(F), was in the original “the date of enactment of this subsection” and “the date of enactment of this paragraph”, respectively, and was translated as meaning the date of enactment of Pub. L. 109–58 which amended subsecs. (e) and (g)(4) generally, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.
+
+Amendments2005—Subsec. (a)(5), (6). Pub. L. 109–58, § 251(1), (2), added pars. (5) and (6). Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 109–58, § 251(3), amended subsec. (e) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (e) read as follows: “Within two years from December 24, 1980, the Secretary of Energy or any administrative official who may succeed him shall submit the comprehensive energy plan for each insular area to the Congress.” Subsec. (g)(4). Pub. L. 109–58, § 251(4), amended par. (4) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (4) read as follows: “Notwithstanding the requirements of section 1469a(d) of this title, the Secretary shall require at least 20 percent of the costs of any project under this subsection to be provided from non-Federal sources. Such cost sharing may be in the form of in-kind services, donated equipment, or any combination thereof.” 1992—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 102–486 added subsec. (g). 1983—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 98–213 inserted “and may implement any projects or programs contained in recommendations of the plan”.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Change of Name Committee on Resources of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Natural Resources of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Tenth Congress, Jan. 5, 2007.
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1492a"
+description: "Study of electric rates in the insular areas"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "10"
+chapter_name: "TERRITORIAL PROVISIONS OF A GENERAL NATURE"
+section: "1492a"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1492a"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1492a"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "aadd135c3a2e15dc13b8dab33edb8ed4f582eb1c55f41b0550113478de7734f2"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "2f9a72ec272e6666d7f55f52cc3186aefc6368ca4cc2b9053a531de2fb9288c2"
+text_hash: "dfe087b884cfb1be9f42bfc47b315ce9f2b9e317a9ff669f1850e795729dd491"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1492a - Study of electric rates in the insular areas
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Definitions In this section:
+
+(1) Comprehensive energy plan The term “comprehensive energy plan” means a comprehensive energy plan prepared and updated under subsections (c) and (e) of section 1492 of this title.
+
+(2) Energy action plan The term “energy action plan” means the plan required by subsection (d).
+
+(3) Freely Associated States The term “Freely Associated States” means the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, and the Republic of Palau.
+
+(4) Insular areas The term “insular areas” means American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Virgin Islands.
+
+(5) Secretary The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of the Interior, except that, with respect to Puerto Rico, the term means, the Secretary of Energy.
+
+(6) Team The term “team” means the team established by the Secretary under subsection (b).
+
+(b) Establishment Not later than 180 days after December 16, 2014 (except in the case of Puerto Rico, in which case not later than 270 days after June 30, 2016), the Secretary shall, within the Empowering Insular Communities activity (except in the case of Puerto Rico), establish a team of technical, policy, and financial experts—
+
+(1) to develop an energy action plan addressing the energy needs of each of the insular areas and Freely Associated States; and
+
+(2) to assist each of the insular areas and Freely Associated States in implementing such plan.
+
+(c) Participation of regional utility organizations In establishing the team, the Secretary shall consider including regional utility organizations.
+
+(d) Energy action plan In accordance with subsection (b), the energy action plan shall include—
+
+(1) recommendations, based on the comprehensive energy plan where applicable, to—
+
+(A) reduce reliance and expenditures on fuel shipped to the insular areas and Freely Associated States from ports outside the United States;
+
+(B) develop and utilize domestic fuel energy sources; and
+
+(C) improve performance of energy infrastructure and overall energy efficiency;
+
+(2) a schedule for implementation of such recommendations and identification and prioritization of specific projects;
+
+(3) a financial and engineering plan for implementing and sustaining projects; and
+
+(4) benchmarks for measuring progress toward implementation.
+
+(e) Reports to Secretary Not later than 1 year after the date on which the Secretary establishes the team and annually thereafter, the team shall submit to the Secretary a report detailing progress made in fulfilling its charge and in implementing the energy action plan.
+
+(f) Annual reports to Congress Not later than 30 days after the date on which the Secretary receives a report submitted by the team under subsection (e), the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a summary of the report of the team.
+
+(g) Approval of Secretary required The energy action plan shall not be implemented until the Secretary approves the energy action plan.
+
+(Pub. L. 113–235, § 9, Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2133; Pub. L. 114–187, title V, § 505(d), June 30, 2016, 130 Stat. 602.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification Section is from the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015.
+
+Amendments2016—Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 114–187, § 505(d)(1), inserted “, except that, with respect to Puerto Rico, the term means, the Secretary of Energy” after “Secretary of the Interior”. Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 114–187, § 505(d)(2), in introductory provisions, inserted “(except in the case of Puerto Rico, in which case not later than 270 days after June 30, 2016)” after “December 16, 2014” and “(except in the case of Puerto Rico)” after “Empowering Insular Communities activity”.
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1493"
+description: "Prosecution; authorization to seek review; local or Federal appellate courts; decisions, judgments or orders"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "10"
+chapter_name: "TERRITORIAL PROVISIONS OF A GENERAL NATURE"
+section: "1493"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1493"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1493"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
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+text_hash: "8548805c407ed49a1573dae99042190a587c5d6e84c06f7a9bb35661483cb496"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1493 - Prosecution; authorization to seek review; local or Federal appellate courts; decisions, judgments or orders
+
+## Text
+
+The prosecution in a territory or Commonwealth is authorized—unless precluded by local law—to seek review or other suitable relief in the appropriate local or Federal appellate court, or, where applicable, in the Supreme Court of the United States from—
+
+(a) a decision, judgment, or order of a trial court dismissing an indictment or information as to any one or more counts, except that no review shall lie where the constitutional prohibition against double jeopardy would further prosecution;
+
+(b) a decision or order of a trial court suppressing or excluding evidence or requiring the return of seized property in a criminal proceeding, not made after the defendant has been put in jeopardy and before the verdict or finding on an indictment or information, if the prosecution certifies to the trial court that the appeal is not taken for purpose of delay and that the evidence is a substantial proof of a fact material in the proceeding; and
+
+(c) an adverse decision, judgment, or order of an appellate court.
+
+(Pub. L. 98–454, title X, § 1003, Oct. 5, 1984, 98 Stat. 1746.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective DateSection effective on ninetieth day following Oct. 5, 1984, see section 1005 of Pub. L. 98–454, set out as an Effective Date of 1984 Amendment note under section 1424 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1494"
+description: "Purposes"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "10"
+chapter_name: "TERRITORIAL PROVISIONS OF A GENERAL NATURE"
+section: "1494"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1494"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1494"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "8aaf00dceeb09d23fd9fc28e5242a17f6405e69ebb85449f7c6b03e982df489e"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1494 - Purposes
+
+## Text
+
+The purposes of sections 1494 to 1494c of this title are to improve enforcement of drug laws and enhance interdiction of illicit drug shipments in the Caribbean and Pacific territories and commonwealths of the United States and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (or successor governments) and to assist public and private sector drug abuse and other substance prevention and treatment programs in United States associated insular areas.
+
+(Pub. L. 99–570, title V, § 5002, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207–154; Pub. L. 100–690, title IX, § 9308, Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4538.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments1988—Pub. L. 100–690 inserted “and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (or successor governments)” after “commonwealths of the United States”, “and other substance” before “prevention”, and “associated” before “insular areas.”.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Short Title of 1988 AmendmentPub. L. 100–690, title IX, § 9301(a), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4535, provided that: “This subtitle [subtitle D (§§ 9301–9310) of title IX of Pub. L. 100–690, enacting section 1494c of this title and amending this section and sections 1494a and 1494b of this title and section 10603 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare] may be cited as the ‘Insular Areas Drug Abuse Amendments of 1988’.”
+
+Short TitlePub. L. 99–570, title V, § 5001, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207–154, provided that: “This subtitle [subtitle A (§§ 5001–5004) of title V of Pub. L. 99–570, enacting this section and sections 1494a and 1494b of this title] may be cited as the ‘United States Insular Areas Drug Abuse Act of 1986’.”
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands For termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, see note set out preceding section 1681 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1494a"
+description: "Annual reports to Congress"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "10"
+chapter_name: "TERRITORIAL PROVISIONS OF A GENERAL NATURE"
+section: "1494a"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1494a"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1494a"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1494a - Annual reports to Congress
+
+## Text
+
+(a) In general The President shall report annually to the Congress as to—
+
+(1) the efforts and success of Federal agencies in preventing the illegal entry into the United States of controlled substances from the insular areas of the United States outside the customs territory of the United States, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, and states freely associated with the United States and the nature and extent of such illegal entry, and
+
+(2) the efforts and success of Federal agencies in preventing the illegal entry from other nations, including states freely associated with the United States, of controlled substances into the United States territories, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, and the commonwealths for use in the territories, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, and commonwealths or for transshipment to the United States and the nature and extent of such illegal entry and use.
+
+(b) Transmission date The annual reports required by subsection (a) shall be transmitted to the Committee on Natural Resources of the United States House of Representatives and to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the United States Senate not later than the first day of October each year.
+
+(Pub. L. 99–570, title V, § 5003, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207–155; Pub. L. 100–690, title IX, § 9309, Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4539; Pub. L. 103–437, § 17(a)(3), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4595.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments1994—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103–437 substituted “Natural Resources” for “Interior and Insular Affairs” before “of the United States House”. 1988—Pub. L. 100–690 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and inserted heading, inserted “, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands,” before “and states” in par. (1) and after “territories” in two places in par. (2), and added subsec. (b).
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands For termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, see note set out preceding section 1681 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1494c"
+description: "Drug Enforcement Agency personnel assignments"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "10"
+chapter_name: "TERRITORIAL PROVISIONS OF A GENERAL NATURE"
+section: "1494c"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1494c"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1494c"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "999c688d6476dac156d6a3410b978f55ef7614045f2ef022e2a93c7410b37933"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1494c - Drug Enforcement Agency personnel assignments
+
+## Text
+
+To assist in the enforcement of the controlled substances laws of the United States in coordination with law enforcement officers in insular areas in the eastern Caribbean and in the central and western Pacific, the Administrator of the Drug Enforcement Administration shall assign appropriate personnel and other resources to the Virgin Islands and Guam.
+
+(Pub. L. 99–570, title V, § 5005, as added Pub. L. 100–690, title IX, § 9310, Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4539.)
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1501"
+description: "Lands in Territories"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "ALIEN OWNERS OF LAND"
+section: "1501"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1501"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1501"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "393154b8ef50d3d587159bf183c476f8629c2af84525bed1bde86f7cf0b295b9"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "2f9a72ec272e6666d7f55f52cc3186aefc6368ca4cc2b9053a531de2fb9288c2"
+text_hash: "d82edf2cfc49d7e9f995ea4d652a22075a83914e7aaae543c9802dc2914f881b"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1501 - Lands in Territories
+
+## Text
+
+No alien or person who is not a citizen of the United States, or who has not declared his intention to become a citizen of the United States in the manner provided by law shall acquire title to or own any land in any of the Territories of the United States except as hereinafter provided. The prohibition of this section shall not apply to cases in which the right to hold or dispose of lands in the United States is secured by existing treaties to citizens or subjects of foreign countries, which rights, so far as they may exist by force of any such treaty, shall continue to exist so long as such treaties are in force, and no longer.
+
+(Mar. 3, 1887, ch. 340, § 1, 24 Stat. 476; Mar. 2, 1897, ch. 363, 29 Stat. 618.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification Section was formerly classified to section 71 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality.
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1502"
+description: "Previously acquired lands; bona fide resident aliens; mining or incorporated village lands"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "ALIEN OWNERS OF LAND"
+section: "1502"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1502"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1502"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "7a9bb60b6da41d00b36fd72a96a6c47453bce34dde0fd3b37b0735b930bfc887"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "2f9a72ec272e6666d7f55f52cc3186aefc6368ca4cc2b9053a531de2fb9288c2"
+text_hash: "f58db16c527364f81c549d234114087f0aa03e3d0011f7184eb1ae4e0b18a2ba"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1502 - Previously acquired lands; bona fide resident aliens; mining or incorporated village lands
+
+## Text
+
+This chapter shall not apply to land owned in any of the Territories of the United States by aliens, which was acquired on or before March 3, 1887, so long as it is held by the then owners, their heirs or legal representatives, nor to any alien who shall become a bona fide resident of the United States, and any alien who shall become a bona fide resident of the United States, or shall have declared his intention to become a citizen of the United States in the manner provided by law, shall have the right to acquire and hold lands in either of the Territories of the United States upon the same terms as citizens of the United States. If any such resident alien shall cease to be a bona fide resident of the United States then such alien shall have ten years from the time he ceases to be such bona fide resident in which to alienate such lands. This chapter shall not be construed to prevent any persons not citizens of the United States from acquiring or holding lots or parcels of lands in any incorporated or platted city, town, or village, or in any mine or mining claim, in any of the Territories of the United States.
+
+(Mar. 3, 1887, ch. 340, § 2, 24 Stat. 477; Mar. 2, 1897, ch. 363, 29 Stat. 618.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification Section was formerly classified to section 72 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality.
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1503"
+description: "Acquisition by inheritance, in collection of debts, etc."
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "ALIEN OWNERS OF LAND"
+section: "1503"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1503"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1503"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "a22732deb31affca9308ed6a85e12ded4a6fb8ed7054ee472dd2cee7d231e4bb"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "2f9a72ec272e6666d7f55f52cc3186aefc6368ca4cc2b9053a531de2fb9288c2"
+text_hash: "ab67b04a71830c5b72b78c64c25307c146562fefefc6fa2953e0a4693cb18690"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1503 - Acquisition by inheritance, in collection of debts, etc.
+
+## Text
+
+This chapter shall not prevent aliens from acquiring lands or any interests therein by inheritance or in the ordinary course of justice in the collection of debts, nor from acquiring liens on real estate or any interest therein, nor from lending money and securing the same upon real estate or any interest therein; nor from enforcing any such lien, nor from acquiring and holding title to such real estate, or any interest therein, upon which a lien may have heretofore or may hereafter be fixed, or upon which a loan of money may have been heretofore or hereafter may be made and secured. All lands so acquired shall be sold within ten years after title shall be perfected in him under said sale or the same shall escheat to the United States and be forfeited as provided in sections 1504 to 1507 of this title.
+
+(Mar. 3, 1887, ch. 340, § 3, 24 Stat. 477; Mar. 2, 1897, ch. 363, 29 Stat. 618.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification Section was formerly classified to section 73 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality.
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1504"
+description: "Conveyance of lands in Territories by aliens before escheat proceedings"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "ALIEN OWNERS OF LAND"
+section: "1504"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1504"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1504"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "21697695ab4d5d0687fceea6b7a452dbc5a4f35095714b664b64a2d90a497e9a"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "2f9a72ec272e6666d7f55f52cc3186aefc6368ca4cc2b9053a531de2fb9288c2"
+text_hash: "c7c26d0044b7b62cfd2ce522b8178b29ec5370b72aa1e77a487765b6fa019785"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1504 - Conveyance of lands in Territories by aliens before escheat proceedings
+
+## Text
+
+Any alien who shall hold lands in any of the Territories of the United States in contravention of the provisions of this chapter may nevertheless convey his title thereto at any time before the institution of escheat proceedings as hereinafter provided. If any such conveyance shall be made by such alien, either to an alien or to a citizen of the United States, in trust and for the purpose and with the intention of evading the provisions of this chapter, such conveyance shall be null and void, and any such lands so conveyed shall be forfeited and escheat to the United States.
+
+(Mar. 3, 1887, ch. 340, § 4, 24 Stat. 477; Mar. 2, 1897, ch. 363, 29 Stat. 618.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification Section was formerly classified to section 74 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality.
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1505"
+description: "Proceedings for escheat of improperly held lands"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "ALIEN OWNERS OF LAND"
+section: "1505"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1505"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1505"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "8577add3057bbf6e063c5091b64f6ecdb52d2e1c4f16ad8d01885a65a2a93dc5"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "2f9a72ec272e6666d7f55f52cc3186aefc6368ca4cc2b9053a531de2fb9288c2"
+text_hash: "f991560d82f3af2a90b5b226a8baa43d132834e855bd1e7d9101a8027c2ee37b"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1505 - Proceedings for escheat of improperly held lands
+
+## Text
+
+It shall be the duty of the Attorney General of the United States, when he shall be informed or have reason to believe that lands in any of the Territories of the United States are being held contrary to the provisions of this chapter, to institute or cause to be instituted suit in behalf of the United States in the district court of the Territory in the district where such land or a part thereof may be situated, praying for the escheat of the same on behalf of the United States to the United States. Before any such suit is instituted the Attorney General shall give or cause to be given ninety days’ notice by registered letter of his intention to sue, or by personal notice directed to or delivered to the owner of said land, or the person who last rendered the same for taxation, or his agent, and to all other persons having an interest in such lands of which he may have actual or constructive notice. In the event personal notice cannot be obtained in some one of the modes above provided, then said notice shall be given by publication in some newspaper published in the county where the land is situate, and if no newspaper is published in said county then the said notice shall be published in some newspaper nearest said county.
+
+(Mar. 3, 1887, ch. 340, § 5, as added Mar. 2, 1897, ch. 363, 29 Stat. 619.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification Section was formerly classified to section 75 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality.
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1506"
+description: "Condemnation and sale of lands in escheat proceedings"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "ALIEN OWNERS OF LAND"
+section: "1506"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1506"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1506"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "6b0da12a32460fb6f60b3ba0b2bd7d9a9b6c6792f27ab9f8b7cbb074d380c071"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "2f9a72ec272e6666d7f55f52cc3186aefc6368ca4cc2b9053a531de2fb9288c2"
+text_hash: "d35c7bbdc556bed9bddd6ae112f9a810a36385ced3f3dfa1a1df3ae2cb8b46a3"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1506 - Condemnation and sale of lands in escheat proceedings
+
+## Text
+
+If it shall be determined upon the trial of any such escheat proceedings that the lands are held contrary to the provisions of this chapter, the court trying said cause shall render judgment condemning such lands and shall order the same to be sold as under execution; and the proceeds of such sale, after deducting costs of such suit, shall be paid to the clerk of such court so rendering judgment, and said fund shall remain in the hands of such clerk for one year from the date of such payment, subject to the order of the alien owner of such lands, or his heirs or legal representatives; and if not claimed within the period of one year, such clerk shall pay the same into the treasury of the Territory in which the lands may be situated, for the benefit of the available school fund of said Territory. The defendant in any such escheat proceedings may, at any time before final judgment, suggest and show to the court that he has conformed with the law, either becoming a bona fide resident of the United States, or by declaring his intention of becoming a citizen of the United States, or by the doing or happening of any other act which, under the provisions of this chapter, would entitle him to hold or own real estate, which being admitted or proved, such suit shall be dismissed on payment of costs and a reasonable attorney fee to be fixed by the court.
+
+(Mar. 3, 1887, ch. 340, § 6, as added Mar. 2, 1897, ch. 363, 29 Stat. 619.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification Section was formerly classified to section 76 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality.
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1507"
+description: "Public lands"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "ALIEN OWNERS OF LAND"
+section: "1507"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1507"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1507"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "37f52e709ec87c2328167fe297a81a78bc149d8d9ba16c38a16c70d78fe0d3bb"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "2f9a72ec272e6666d7f55f52cc3186aefc6368ca4cc2b9053a531de2fb9288c2"
+text_hash: "b87c6b8cfd2768666a2268dda8c8fd91e800dccd47dc51d9fe3b28b38ae4c53e"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1507 - Public lands
+
+## Text
+
+This chapter shall not in any manner be construed to authorize aliens to acquire title from the United States to any of the public lands of the United States or to in any manner affect or change the laws regulating the disposal of the public lands of the United States.
+
+(Mar. 3, 1887, ch. 340, § 7, as added Mar. 2, 1897, ch. 363, 29 Stat. 619; amended Feb. 23, 1905, ch. 733, § 1, 33 Stat. 733.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification Act Feb. 23, 1905, set out as section 1508 of this title, made sections 1501 to 1507 of this title applicable to the District of Columbia, on the basis of which certain provisions of this section were omitted. Section was formerly classified to section 77 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality.
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1508"
+description: "Application to District of Columbia"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "ALIEN OWNERS OF LAND"
+section: "1508"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1508"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1508"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "a7e8ec672e6bc8cf8fd6a6221309a7278fc7c62cfbd3cf2f403cad712b26fc3a"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "2f9a72ec272e6666d7f55f52cc3186aefc6368ca4cc2b9053a531de2fb9288c2"
+text_hash: "3b0cfcf4688bff1c3b731b2a6078ddfad4cf635e391a1dd42f111a7c4c084dbb"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1508 - Application to District of Columbia
+
+## Text
+
+Aliens shall have the same rights and privileges concerning the acquisition, holding, owning, and disposition of real estate in the District of Columbia as are conferred upon aliens in respect of real estate in the Territories of the United States by this chapter.
+
+(Feb. 23, 1905, ch. 733, § 1, 33 Stat. 733.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification Section was formerly classified to section 78 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality. Section was not enacted as part of act Mar. 3, 1887, ch. 340, 24 Stat. 476, which comprises this chapter.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+RepealsAct Feb. 23, 1905, ch. 733, § 2, 33 Stat. 733, repealed all laws and parts of laws so far as they conflict with the provisions of this section.
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1509 to 1512"
+description: "Omitted"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "11"
+chapter_name: "ALIEN OWNERS OF LAND"
+section: "1509 to 1512"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1509 to 1512"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1509...1512"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "30072b9dbed1f92c7806b23200254babe9166498fd8d8973061dfaaa72c0b12f"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "2f9a72ec272e6666d7f55f52cc3186aefc6368ca4cc2b9053a531de2fb9288c2"
+text_hash: "edd1689e1b9ebc438087461d3d9e3ed5f409d51e5230a4762fcd108326c39f34"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1509 to 1512 - Omitted
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification Sections 1509 to 1512, relating to Territory of Hawaii, were omitted in view of the admission of Hawaii into the Union. Sections were formerly classified to sections 83 to 86 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality. Section 1509, acts Apr. 30, 1900, ch. 339, § 73(f), 31 Stat. 154; May 27, 1910, ch. 258, § 5, 36 Stat. 444; July 9, 1921, ch. 42, § 304, 42 Stat. 117, set out requirements for aliens who would be entitled to receive any certificate of occupation, right of purchase lease, cash freehold agreement, or special homestead agreement in public lands in Hawaii. Section was also classified to section 667 of this title. Section 1510, acts Apr. 30, 1900, ch. 339, § 73(g), 31 Stat. 154; May 27, 1910, ch. 258, § 5, 36 Stat. 444; July 9, 1921, ch. 42, § 304, 42 Stat. 117, restricted conveyance or other transfer of public lands in Hawaii to aliens. Section was also classified to section 668 of this title. Section 1511, acts Apr. 30, 1900, ch. 338, § 73(j), 31 Stat. 154; May 27, 1910, ch. 258, § 5, 36 Stat. 444; July 9, 1921, ch. 42, § 306, 42 Stat. 118, gave commissioner, with approval of governor, the right to give preferences in purchasing of public lands. Section was also classified to section 671 of this title. Section 1512, acts Apr. 30, 1900, ch. 339, § 73(l), 31 Stat. 154; May 27, 1910, ch. 258, § 5, 36 Stat. 444; July 9, 1921, ch. 42, § 308, 42 Stat. 118, authorized sale of agricultural land in Hawaii for residential purposes to persons declaring intention to become citizens. Section was also classified to section 673 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1542"
+description: "Voting franchise; discrimination prohibited"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "VIRGIN ISLANDS [1954]"
+section: "1542"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1542"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1542"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "044f07f1ad3d9f90935911398a77652679fc7e39d01cd9110b7aa8039278aba3"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "2f9a72ec272e6666d7f55f52cc3186aefc6368ca4cc2b9053a531de2fb9288c2"
+text_hash: "502e6c8315603996a1b2459dde113b9f70ec5900e12e89ce1cd80ec46bc1b313"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1542 - Voting franchise; discrimination prohibited
+
+## Text
+
+(a) The franchise shall be vested in residents of the Virgin Islands who are citizens of the United States, twenty-one years of age or over. Additional qualifications may be prescribed by the legislature: Provided, however, That no property, language, or income qualification shall ever be imposed upon or required of any voter, nor shall any discrimination in qualification be made or based upon difference in race, color, sex, or religious belief.
+
+(b) The legislature shall have authority to enact legislation establishing the voting age for residents of the Virgin Islands at an age not lower than eighteen years of age, if a majority of the qualified voters in the Virgin Islands approve in a referendum election held for that purpose.
+
+(July 22, 1954, ch. 558, § 4, 68 Stat. 498; Pub. L. 91–460, Oct. 16, 1970, 84 Stat. 978.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments1970—Pub. L. 91–460 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsec. (b).
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1543"
+description: "United States citizenship requirement for government officials"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "VIRGIN ISLANDS [1954]"
+section: "1543"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1543"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1543"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "d1ef38cf0c3e8eff6cab9cfb9f2d2751c6ae1633f0194c1158ced8c00e1e2586"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "2f9a72ec272e6666d7f55f52cc3186aefc6368ca4cc2b9053a531de2fb9288c2"
+text_hash: "de593f49d61bf8038ebd8512ca9dbee8a84c8edb54c76f0f951fee4a569ea831"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1543 - United States citizenship requirement for government officials
+
+## Text
+
+All members of the Legislature of the Virgin Islands, the Governor, the Lieutenant Governor, all judges and all officials of the government of the Virgin Islands who report directly to the Governor shall be citizens of the United States.
+
+(July 22, 1954, ch. 558, § 29, 68 Stat. 509; Pub. L. 98–213, § 5(a), Dec. 8, 1983, 97 Stat. 1460.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments1983—Pub. L. 98–213 amended section generally, substituting provisions requiring United States citizenship for all members of the Legislature of the Virgin Islands, the Governor, Lieutenant Governor and all officials who report directly to the Governor for provisions requiring such citizenship for all officers of the Virgin Islands, and struck out provisions requiring written oaths and prescribing the oath.
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1544"
+description: "Reports by Governor; jurisdiction of Secretary of the Interior; exceptions"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "VIRGIN ISLANDS [1954]"
+section: "1544"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1544"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1544"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "8303b266ddb243b890d81aac2b3507eee47e8e1e4261d5684f3149ada4a08ed3"
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+text_hash: "90e922f97c30eebdbea1b6456b5b05fb1d860fc3ad4dc3d25bbe92242be835c7"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1544 - Reports by Governor; jurisdiction of Secretary of the Interior; exceptions
+
+## Text
+
+All reports required by law to be made by the Governor to any official of the United States shall hereafter be made to the Secretary of the Interior, and the President is authorized to place all matters pertaining to the government of the Virgin Islands under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of the Interior, except matters relating to the judicial branch of said government which on July 22, 1954 are under the supervision of the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts, and the matters relating to the United States Attorney and the United States Marshal which on July 22, 1954 are under the supervision of the Attorney General.
+
+(July 22, 1954, ch. 558, § 30, 68 Stat. 509.)
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1545"
+description: "Lease and sale of public property; conveyance of title in certain lands to the government of Virgin Islands"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "VIRGIN ISLANDS [1954]"
+section: "1545"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1545"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1545"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "7d1e1537c69a7314b9df8a7601da55ba27f8279502854e829470c5cbb7aef068"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1545 - Lease and sale of public property; conveyance of title in certain lands to the government of Virgin Islands
+
+## Text
+
+(a) The Secretary of the Interior shall be authorized to lease or to sell upon such terms as he may deem advantageous to the Government of the United States any property of the United States under his administrative supervision in the Virgin Islands not needed for public purposes.
+
+(b) (1) All right, title, and interest of the United States in the property placed under the control of the government of the Virgin Islands by section 1405c(a) of this title, not reserved to the United States by the Secretary of the Interior within one hundred and twenty days after October 5, 1974, is hereby conveyed to such government. The conveyance effected by the preceding sentence shall not apply to that land and other property which on October 5, 1974, is administered by the Secretary of the Interior as part of the National Park System and such lands and other property shall be retained by the United States.
+
+(2) Subject to valid existing rights, title to all property in the Virgin Islands which may have been acquired by the United States from Denmark under the Convention entered into August 16, 1916, not reserved or retained by the United States in accordance with the provisions of Public Law 93–435 (88 Stat. 1210) is hereby transferred to the Virgin Islands government.
+
+(July 22, 1954, ch. 558, § 31, 68 Stat. 510; Pub. L. 93–435, § 3, Oct. 5, 1974, 88 Stat. 1211; Pub. L. 96–205, title IV, § 401(a), Mar. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 88.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextPublic Law 93–435 (88 Stat. 1210), referred to in subsec. (b)(2), is Pub. L. 93–435, Oct. 5, 1974, 88 Stat. 1210, which enacted sections 1705 to 1708 of this title, amended this section, and repealed sections 1701 to 1703 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.
+
+Amendments1980—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–205 designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2). 1974—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 93–435 substituted provisions conveying to the government of Virgin Islands title in lands now under its control with power to the Secretary of the Interior to reserve rights to the United States within 120 days after Oct. 5, 1974, with the exception of land and property being administered by the Secretary of the Interior as part of the National Park System, for provisions that the government of Virgin Islands shall continue to have control over all public property under its control on July 22, 1954.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Submerged Lands, Conveyance to TerritoryConveyance of submerged lands to the government of the Virgin Islands, see section 1701 et seq. of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1546"
+description: "Authorization of appropriations"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "VIRGIN ISLANDS [1954]"
+section: "1546"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1546"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1546"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "2b2e397866795da8f4f9bab24f11230166548b66479c96d80885c603bfcfc692"
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+text_hash: "dbab4360c4d0db3df36a6480084b191088f40d99f2fb2a53820e9aaaf4919146"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1546 - Authorization of appropriations
+
+## Text
+
+There are authorized to be appropriated annually by the Congress of the United States such sums as may be necessary and appropriate to carry out the provisions and purposes of this chapter.
+
+(July 22, 1954, ch. 558, § 35, 68 Stat. 510.)
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1571"
+description: "Legislature"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "VIRGIN ISLANDS [1954]"
+section: "1571"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1571"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1571"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "5f5c4d3b9109f6edb4ad825857240dc9234d51bc51c8c411b4b4bc4f402d1c43"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "2f9a72ec272e6666d7f55f52cc3186aefc6368ca4cc2b9053a531de2fb9288c2"
+text_hash: "e8aca1e6fb99f3bcb492dc3981d82971e9aa747c21a65d13bd70190d791cefe5"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1571 - Legislature
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Designation and unicameral character The legislative power and authority of the Virgin Islands shall be vested in a legislature, consisting of one house, to be designated the “Legislature of the Virgin Islands”, herein referred to as the legislature.
+
+(b) Composition; legislative districts; method of elections The legislature shall be composed of members to be known as senators. The number of such senators shall be determined by the laws of the Virgin Islands. The apportionment of the legislature shall be as provided by the laws of the Virgin Islands: Provided, That such apportionment shall not deny to any person in the Virgin Islands the equal protection of the law: And provided further, That every voter in any district election or at large election shall be permitted to vote for the whole number of persons to be elected in that district election or at large election as the case may be. Until the legislature shall provide otherwise, four members shall be elected at large, five shall be elected from the District of Saint Thomas, five from the District of Saint Croix, and one from the District of Saint John, as those Districts were constituted on July 22, 1954,
+
+(July 22, 1954, ch. 558, § 5, 68 Stat. 498; Pub. L. 89–548, § 1, Aug. 30, 1966, 80 Stat. 371; Pub. L. 106–364, § 1, Oct. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 1408.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments2000—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 106–364 struck out “fifteen” after “composed of” in first sentence and inserted “The number of such senators shall be determined by the laws of the Virgin Islands.” after first sentence. 1966—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 89–548 raised from eleven to fifteen the total number of senators in the legislature, substituted provision that the legislature be apportioned according to the laws of the Virgin Islands for provisions spelling out the division of the Virgin Islands into districts, the composition of each such district, and the district and at-large representation breakdown of the senators in the legislature, struck out provision for the casting of a ballot for two candidates by each elector in at-large elections and the drawing of lots to determine placement on the ballot in at-large elections, prohibited apportionment in a way which would deny equal protection of the law, and provided for temporary apportionment until the legislature provided otherwise from the districts as constituted on July 22, 1954.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 1966 AmendmentPub. L. 89–548, § 2, Aug. 30, 1966, 80 Stat. 371, provided that: “This Act [amending this section] shall be effective with respect to the legislature to be elected at the regular general election in November 1966, and thereafter.”
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1572"
+description: "Legislators"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "VIRGIN ISLANDS [1954]"
+section: "1572"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1572"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1572"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "077d8292acbf041e0b002d971115714ddbf7c6cd092e7113304a194d0b90cc0d"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1572 - Legislators
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Terms of office The term of office of each member of the legislature shall be two years. The term of office of each member shall commence on the second Monday in January following his election: Provided, however, That the term of office of each member elected in November 1958 shall commence on the second Monday in April 1959 and shall continue until the second Monday in April 1961, and the term of office of each member elected in November 1960 shall commence on the second Monday in April 1961 and continue until the second Monday in January 1963.
+
+(b) Qualifications of members No person shall be eligible to be a member of the legislature who is not a citizen of the United States, who has not attained the age of twenty-one years, who is not a qualified voter in the Virgin Islands, who has not been a bona fide resident of the Virgin Islands for at least three years next preceding the date of his election, or who has been convicted of a felony or of a crime involving moral turpitude and has not received a pardon restoring his civil rights. Federal employees and persons employed in the legislative, executive or judicial branches of the government of the Virgin Islands shall not be eligible for membership in the legislature.
+
+(c) Appointment of electoral officers; popular election of members of boards of election All officers and employees charged with the duty of directing the administration of the electoral system of the Virgin Islands and its representative districts shall be appointed in such manner as the legislature may by law direct: Provided, however, That members of boards of elections, which entities of government have been duly organized and established by the government of the Virgin Islands, shall be popularly elected.
+
+(d) Immunity of members No member of the legislature shall be held to answer before any tribunal other than the legislature for any speech or debate in the legislature and the members shall in all cases, except treason, felony, or breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the sessions of the legislature and in going to and returning from the same.
+
+(e) Compensation and allowances Each member of the legislature shall be paid such compensation and shall receive such additional allowances or benefits as may be fixed under the laws of the Virgin Islands. Such compensation, allowances, or benefits, together with all other legislative expenses, shall be appropriated by, and paid out of funds of, the government of the Virgin Islands.
+
+(f) Limitations on holding other office No member of the legislature shall hold or be appointed to any office which has been created by the legislature, or the salary or emoluments of which have been increased, while he was a member, during the term for which he was elected, or during one year after the expiration of such term.
+
+(g) General powers; parliamentary rules The legislature shall be the sole judge of the elections and qualifications of its members, shall have and exercise all the authority and attributes, inherent in legislative assemblies, and shall have the power to institute and conduct investigations, issue subpena to witnesses and other parties concerned, and administer oaths. The rules of the Legislative Assembly of the Virgin Islands existing on July 22, 1954 shall continue in force and effect for sessions of the legislature, except as inconsistent with this chapter, until altered, amended, or repealed by the legislature.
+
+(h) Vacancies The Legislature of the Virgin Islands shall by law provide the procedure for filling any vacancy in the office of member of the legislature.
+
+(July 22, 1954, ch. 558, § 6, 68 Stat. 499; Pub. L. 86–289, § 2(a), (b), Sept. 16, 1959, 73 Stat. 568; Pub. L. 89–98, July 30, 1965, 79 Stat. 423; Pub. L. 90–496, § 8(b), Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 839; Pub. L. 92–389, Aug. 17, 1972, 86 Stat. 563; Pub. L. 93–130, § 1, Oct. 19, 1973, 87 Stat. 460.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThis chapter, referred to in subsec. (g), was in the original “this Act”, meaning act July 22, 1954, ch. 558, 68 Stat. 497, known as the Revised Organic Act of the Virgin Islands, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1541 of this title and Tables.
+
+Amendments1973—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 93–130 substituted provision authorizing the Legislature of Virgin Islands to provide by law the procedure for filling vacancies in the membership of the Legislature, for provisions authorizing the Governor of the Virgin Islands to fill any such vacancy by appointment of resident of the district from which the member whose office became vacant was elected if the vacancy is that of a Senator and of resident of any part of Virgin Islands if the vacancy is that of a Senator at large, and that such appointee shall serve for the remainder of the unexpired term. 1972—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 92–389 reduced the age qualification for membership of legislature from twenty-five years to twenty-one years. 1968—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 90–496 inserted proviso requiring members of boards of elections, duly organized by the government, to be popularly elected. 1965—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 89–98 substituted provisions empowering the government of the Virgin Islands to fix and pay legislative salaries and expenses for provisions which specifically fixed these salaries and expenses and which required the United States Government to pay them. 1959—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 86–289, § 2(a), substituted, in second sentence, “January” for “April”, before “following his election”, and substituted, in proviso, “1958” for “1954”, “April 1959” for “January 1955”, and “1961, and the term of office of each member elected in November 1960 shall commence on the second Monday in April 1961 and continue until the second Monday in January 1963” for “1957”. Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 86–289, § 2(b), changed the date of payment of salaries, increased the per diem from $10 to $20, and provided that the per diem paid to members of the legislature for official travel outside the Virgin Islands should not be at rates in excess of those paid Federal Government employees.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 1973 AmendmentPub. L. 93–130, § 2, Oct. 19, 1973, 87 Stat. 460, provided that: “The amendment made by the first section of this Act [amending this section] shall apply with respect to vacancies occurring on or after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 19, 1973].”
+
+Effective Date of 1968 AmendmentAmendment of provisions of section necessary to authorize the holding of an election for Governor and Lieutenant Governor on Nov. 3, 1970, effective Jan. 1, 1970, and all other amendments of provisions of section, unless otherwise expressly provided by Pub. L. 90–496, effective Jan. 4, 1971, see section 16 of Pub. L. 90–496, set out as a note under section 1591 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1573"
+description: "Time, frequency, and duration of regular sessions; special sessions; place of holding"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "VIRGIN ISLANDS [1954]"
+section: "1573"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1573"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1573"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1573 - Time, frequency, and duration of regular sessions; special sessions; place of holding
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Regular sessions of the legislature shall be held annually, commencing on the second Monday in January (unless the legislature shall by law fix a different date), and shall continue for such term as the legislature may provide. The Governor may call special sessions of the legislature at any time when in his opinion the public interest may require it. No legislation shall be considered at any special session other than that specified in the call therefor or in any special message by the Governor to the legislature while in such session. All sessions of the legislature shall be open to the public.
+
+(b) Sessions of the legislature shall be held in the capital of the Virgin Islands at Charlotte Amalie, Saint Thomas.
+
+(July 22, 1954, ch. 558, § 7, 68 Stat. 500; Pub. L. 86–289, § 2(c), Sept. 16, 1959, 73 Stat. 569; Pub. L. 90–496, § 1, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 837.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments1968—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90–496 substituted provisions that regular sessions of the legislature shall continue for such term as the legislature may provide for provisions that regular sessions shall continue for not more than sixty consecutive calendar days in any calendar year, with the proviso that the regular annual session for 1959, 1960, and 1961 shall commence on the second Monday in April and shall continue for not more than sixty consecutive calendar days, struck out provisions that any special session called by the Governor shall continue for not more than fifteen calendar days, with the aggregate of any such special sessions during any calendar year not to exceed thirty calendar days, and inserted provision opening to the public all sessions of the legislature. 1959—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 86–289 substituted “January (unless the legislature shall by law fix a different date)” for “April” and “regular annual session for each of the years 1959, 1960, and 1961, respectively, shall commence on the second Monday in April” for “annual session for 1955 shall commence on the second Monday in January 1955”.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 1968 AmendmentPub. L. 90–496, § 1, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 837, provided that the amendment made by that section is effective on date of enactment of Pub. L. 90–496, which was approved Aug. 23, 1968.
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1574–1"
+description: "Applicability of laws referred to in section 502(a)(1) of Covenant to Establish a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "VIRGIN ISLANDS [1954]"
+section: "1574–1"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1574–1"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1574–1"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "92bddb1c96b3f1f87472bbb7711e3cac87b03c95d60cd74dcf34f5424841f460"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "2f9a72ec272e6666d7f55f52cc3186aefc6368ca4cc2b9053a531de2fb9288c2"
+text_hash: "d23f9601f2eb6ac50747e140b827e8557069c0c765a12d5864e235fcae80c303"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1574–1 - Applicability of laws referred to in section 502(a)(1) of Covenant to Establish a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
+
+## Text
+
+Effective on the date when section 502 of the Covenant to Establish a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands in Political Union With the United States of America, approved by joint resolution approved on March 24, 1976 (90 Stat. 263) goes into force those laws which are referred to in section 502(a)(1) of said Covenant, except for any laws administered by the Social Security Administration, except for medicaid which is now administered by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, and except the Micronesian Claims Act of 1971 (85 Stat. 96) shall be applicable to the territories of Guam and the Virgin Islands on the same terms and conditions as such laws are applied to the Northern Mariana Islands.
+
+(Pub. L. 95–134, title IV, § 403, Oct. 15, 1977, 91 Stat. 1163; Pub. L. 95–135, § 1, Oct. 15, 1977, 91 Stat. 1166; Pub. L. 108–173, title IX, § 900(e)(7), Dec. 8, 2003, 117 Stat. 2374.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThe Covenant to Establish a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands in Political Union With the United States of America, referred to in text, is contained in section 1 of Pub. L. 94–241, set out as a note under section 1801 of this title. For Jan. 9, 1978, as the date section 502 of the Covenant came into force, see Proc. No. 4534, § 2, set out as a note under section 1801 of this title. The joint resolution approved on March 24, 1976, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 94–241, Mar. 24, 1976, 90 Stat. 263, which is classified generally to subchapter I (§ 1801 et seq.) of chapter 17 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables. The Micronesian Claims Act of 1971, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 92–39, July 1, 1971, 85 Stat. 92, as amended, which was classified generally to section 2018 et seq. of the former Appendix to Title 50, War and National Defense, and which was omitted from the Code as terminated Aug. 3, 1976.
+
+Codification Section is also classified to section 1421q–1 of this title. Section was formerly set out as a note under section 1681 of this title. Section was not enacted as part of the Revised Organic Act of the Virgin Islands which comprises this chapter.
+
+Amendments2003—Pub. L. 108–173 substituted “Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services” for “Health Care Financing Administration”. 1977—Pub. L. 95–135 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section read as follows: “Effective on October 15, 1977, those laws, except for any laws administered by the Social Security Administration and except for medicaid which is now administered by the Health Care Financing Administration, which are referred to in section 502(a)(1) (except for the reference to the Micronesian Claims Act of 1971 (85 Stat. 96)) of the Covenant to Establish a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands in Political Union With the United States of America, approved by joint resolution approved on March 24, 1976 (90 Stat. 263), and 502(a)(2) of said Covenant shall be applicable to the territories of Guam and the Virgin Islands on the same terms and conditions as such laws are applied to the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.”
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 1977 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 95–135 effective as of Oct. 15, 1977, see section 2 of Pub. L. 95–135, set out as a note under section 1421q–1 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1574a"
+description: "Revenue bonds or other obligations"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "VIRGIN ISLANDS [1954]"
+section: "1574a"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1574a"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1574a"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1574a - Revenue bonds or other obligations
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Authorization for issuance; use of proceeds; legislative initiative and binding referendum vote In addition to the authority conferred by section 1574(b) of this title, the legislature of the government of the Virgin Islands is authorized to cause to be issued bonds or other obligations of such government in anticipation of revenues to be received under section 7652(b)(3) of title 26. The proceeds of such bonds or other obligations may be used for any purpose authorized by an act of the legislature. The legislature of the government of the Virgin Islands may initiate, by majority vote of the members, a binding referendum vote to approve or disapprove the amount of any such bond or other obligation and/or any purpose for which such bond or other obligation is authorized.
+
+(b) Federal guarantee The legislature of the government of the Virgin Islands may provide, in connection with any issue of bonds or other obligations authorized to be issued under subsection (a) the proceeds of which are to be used for public works or other capital projects, that a guarantee of such bonds or obligations by the United States should be applied for under section 1574b of this title.
+
+(c) Limitations on issuance Except to the extent inconsistent with the provisions of this Act, the provisions of section 1574(b)(ii) of this title (other than the limitation contained in the proviso to the first sentence of subparagraph (A)) shall apply to bonds and other obligations authorized to be issued under subsection (a).
+
+(Pub. L. 94–392, § 1, Aug. 19, 1976, 90 Stat. 1193; Pub. L. 105–83, title I, § 124(c), Nov. 14, 1997, 111 Stat. 1567; Pub. L. 106–84, § 1(b)(3), Oct. 28, 1999, 113 Stat. 1295.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThis Act, referred to in subsec. (c), is Pub. L. 94–392, Aug. 19, 1976, 90 Stat. 1193, which enacted sections 1574a to 1574d of this title, amended section 1397 of this title, and enacted a provision set out as a note below. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.
+
+Codification In subsec. (a), “section 7652(b)(3) of title 26” substituted for “section 28(b) of such Act (26 U.S.C. 7652)”, meaning section 28(b) of the Revised Organic Act of the Virgin Islands (68 Stat. 508), which was classified to section 3350(c) of former Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, on authority of section 7852(b) of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, which provided that any reference in any other law to a provision of the Internal Revenue Code of 1939 shall be deemed a reference to the corresponding provision of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. Section was not enacted as part of the Revised Organic Act of the Virgin Islands which comprises this chapter.
+
+Amendments1999—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 106–84 struck out subsec. (d) which read as follows: “The legislature of the Government of the Virgin Islands may cause to be issued notes in anticipation of the collection of the taxes and revenues for the current fiscal year. Such notes shall mature and be paid within one year from the date they are issued. No extension of such notes shall be valid and no additional notes shall be issued under this section until all notes issued during a preceding year shall have been paid.” 1997—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105–83 added subsec. (d).
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Authorization of AppropriationsPub. L. 94–392, § 6, Aug. 19, 1976, 90 Stat. 1195, provided that: “There are hereby authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act [enacting this section and sections 1574b to 1574d of this title and amending section 1397 of this title].”
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1574b"
+description: "Federal guarantee for issuance of revenue bonds or other obligations"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "VIRGIN ISLANDS [1954]"
+section: "1574b"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1574b"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1574b"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "e70a14d405ed4607d791f76d8ff4a47c4a25ce384ba493155951fefa1a250586"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1574b - Federal guarantee for issuance of revenue bonds or other obligations
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Application to Secretary of the Interior; contents When authorized under subsection (b) of section 1574a of this title, the government of the Virgin Islands may apply to the Secretary of the Interior (hereinafter referred to as the “Secretary”) for a guarantee of any issue of bonds or other obligations authorized to be issued under subsection (a) of section 1574a of this title. Any such application shall contain such information as the Secretary may prescribe.
+
+(b) Terms and conditions of guarantee or commitment to guarantee; determination by Secretary of approval The Secretary is authorized, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, to guarantee and to enter into commitments to guarantee, upon such terms and conditions as he may prescribe, payment of principal and interest on bonds and other obligations issued by the government of the Virgin Islands under subsection (a) of section 1574a of this title. No guarantee or commitment to guarantee shall be made unless the Secretary determines—
+
+(1) that the proceeds of such issue will be used only for public works or other capital projects, except that $28,000,000 of the guaranteed bonding authority will be used for water producing and power projects, including maintenance and overhaul of electrical generating and distribution mechanisms, and $12,000,000 of the guaranteed bonding authority will be used for repair and improvements of the water distribution and storage systems;
+
+(2) taking into account anticipated expenditures by the government of the Virgin Islands while the bonds or other obligations forming a part of such issue will be outstanding, all outstanding obligations of the government of the Virgin Islands which will mature while the bonds or other obligations forming a part of such issue will be outstanding, and such other factors as he deems pertinent, that the revenues expected to be received under section 7652(b)(3) of title 26 will be sufficient to pay the principal of, and interest on, the bonds or other obligations forming a part of such issue;
+
+(3) that credit is not otherwise available on reasonable terms and conditions and that there is reasonable assurance of repayment, and
+
+(4) that the maturity of any obligations to be guaranteed does not exceed thirty years or 90 per centum of the useful life of the physical assets to be financed by the obligation, whichever is less as determined by the Secretary.
+
+(c) Administrative costs; deposit of fees The Secretary shall charge and collect fees in amounts sufficient in his judgment to cover the costs of administering this section. Fees collected under this subsection shall be deposited in the revolving fund created under subsection (g).
+
+(d) Conclusiveness and incontestability; pledge of full faith and credit Any guarantee made by the Secretary shall be conclusive evidence of the eligibility of the obligation for such guarantee, and the validity of any guarantee so made shall be incontestable, except for fraud or material misrepresentation, in the hands of the holder of the guaranteed obligation. Such guarantee shall constitute a pledge of the full faith and credit of the United States for such obligation.
+
+(e) Interest on guaranteed obligations taxable The interest on any obligation guaranteed under this section shall be included in gross income for purposes of chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [26 U.S.C. 1 et seq.].
+
+(f) Maximum amount guaranteed; time limitations on commitments to guarantee, obligation of guaranteed but unobligated funds, and repayment of unobligated proceeds of bonds or other obligations The aggregate principal amount of obligations which may be guaranteed under this Act shall not exceed $101,000,000. No commitment to guarantee may be issued by the Secretary, and no guaranteed but unobligated funds may be obligated by the government of the Virgin Islands after October 1, 1990. After October 1, 1990, any unobligated proceeds of bonds or other obligations issued by the government of the Virgin Islands pursuant to this section shall be repaid immediately by the government of the Virgin Islands to the lenders with the agreed upon interest. Should there be any delay in the government of the Virgin Islands’ making such repayment, the Secretary shall deduct the requisite amounts from moneys under his control that would otherwise be paid to the government of the Virgin Islands under section 7652(b)(3) of title 26.
+
+(g) Revolving fund; establishment; submission of budget to Congress; payments; transfers from fund to general fund of Treasury; issuance and sale of notes or other obligations for guarantees (1) There is hereby created within the Treasury a separate fund (hereinafter referred to as “the fund”) which shall be available to the Secretary without fiscal year limitation as revolving fund for the purpose of this Act. A business-type budget for the fund shall be prepared, transmitted to the Congress, considered, and enacted in the manner prescribed by law (sections 9103 and 9104 of title 31) for wholly owned Government corporations.
+
+(2) All expenses, including reimbursements to other government accounts, and payments pursuant to operations of the Secretary under this Act shall be paid from the fund. If at any time the Secretary determines that moneys in the fund exceed the present and any reasonably prospective future requirements of the fund, such excess may be transferred to the general fund of the Treasury.
+
+(3) If at any time the moneys available in the fund are insufficient to enable the Secretary to discharge his responsibilities under guarantees under this Act, he shall issue to the Secretary of the Treasury notes or other obligations in such forms and denominations, bearing such maturities, and subject to such terms and conditions, as may be prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury. Redemption of such notes or obligations shall be made by the Secretary from appropriations which are hereby authorized for this purpose. Such notes or other obligations shall bear interest at a rate determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, which shall not be less than a rate determined by taking into consideration the average market yield on outstanding marketable obligations of the United States of comparable maturities during the month preceding the issuance of the notes or other obligations. The Secretary of the Treasury shall purchase any notes or other obligations issued hereunder and for that purpose he is authorized to use as a public debt transaction the proceeds from the sale of any securities issued under chapter 31 of title 31 and the purposes for which securities may be issued under that chapter are extended to include any purchase of such notes or obligations. The Secretary of the Treasury may at any time sell any of the notes or other obligations acquired by him under this subsection. All redemptions, purchases, and sales by the Secretary of the Treasury of such notes or other obligations shall be treated as public debt transactions of the United States.
+
+(Pub. L. 94–392, § 2, Aug. 19, 1976, 90 Stat. 1193; Pub. L. 96–205, title IV, § 407, Mar. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 89; Pub. L. 98–146, title I, Nov. 4, 1983, 97 Stat. 931, 932; Pub. L. 98–213, § 4(b), Dec. 8, 1983, 97 Stat. 1460; Pub. L. 99–514, § 2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextChapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, referred to in subsec. (e), means chapter 1 (§ 1 et seq.) of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code. This Act, referred to in subsecs. (f) and (g), is Pub. L. 94–392, Aug. 19, 1976, 90 Stat. 1193, which enacted sections 1574a to 1574d of this title, amended section 1397 of this title, and enacted a provision set out as a note under section 1574a of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.
+
+Codification In subsecs. (b)(2) and (f), “section 7652(b)(3) of title 26” substituted for “section 28(b) of the Revised Organic Act of the Virgin Islands [68 Stat. 508]”, which was classified to section 3350(c) of former Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, on authority of section 7852(b) of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, which provided that any reference in any other law to a provision of the Internal Revenue Code of 1939 be deemed a reference to the corresponding provision of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. In subsec. (g)(1) and (3), “sections 9103 and 9104 of title 31” substituted for “sections 102, 103, and 104 of the Government Corporation Control Act (31 U.S.C. 847–849)”, and “chapter 31 of title 31” and “that chapter” were substituted for “the Second Liberty Bond Act” and “that Act”, respectively, on authority of Pub. L. 97–258, § 4(b), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1067, the first section of which enacted Title 31, Money and Finance. Section was not enacted as part of the Revised Organic Act of the Virgin Islands which comprises this chapter.
+
+Amendments1986—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 99–514 substituted “Internal Revenue Code of 1986” for “Internal Revenue Code of 1954”. 1983—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 98–213, § 4(b)(1), and Pub. L. 98–146, § 100(1), made nearly identical amendments relating to the use of the amounts of $28,000,000 and $12,000,000 of the guaranteed bonding authority. The text reflects the amendment by Pub. L. 98–213. Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 98–213, § 4(b)(2), and Pub. L. 98–146, § 100(2), amended subsec. (f) identically, substituting “$101,000,000” for “$61,000,000” and “1990” for “1984” in two places. 1980—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 96–205 substituted provisions relating to prohibitions on commitments to guarantee by the Secretary and obligation by the Virgin Islands government of guaranteed but unobligated funds, and repayment by the government of unobligated proceeds of bonds or other obligations after Oct. 1, 1984, for provisions relating to entering into under Pub. L. 94–392, after Oct. 1, 1979, of commitments to guarantee.
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1574c"
+description: "Priority for payment of principal and interest of revenue bonds or other obligations"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "VIRGIN ISLANDS [1954]"
+section: "1574c"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1574c"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1574c"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "d14dad8865646cef97e795d436df6f07949140f133d663c9c8436ebb23aae84d"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1574c - Priority for payment of principal and interest of revenue bonds or other obligations
+
+## Text
+
+Each issue of bonds or other obligations issued under subsection (a) of section 1574a of this title shall have a parity lien with every other issue of bonds or other obligations issued for payment of principal and interest out of revenues received under section 7652(b)(3) of title 26, except that issues guaranteed under section 1574b of this title shall have priority, according to the date of issue, over issues not so guaranteed and the revenues received under section 7652(b)(3) of title 26 shall be pledged for the payment of such bonds or other obligations.
+
+(Pub. L. 94–392, § 3, Aug. 19, 1976, 90 Stat. 1195; Pub. L. 105–83, title I, § 124(a), Nov. 14, 1997, 111 Stat. 1567.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification “Section 7652(b)(3) of title 26” substituted in text for “section 28(b) of the Revised Organic Act of the Virgin Islands [68 Stat. 508]”, which was classified to section 3350(c) of former Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, on authority of section 7852(b) of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, which provided that any reference in any other law to a provision of the Internal Revenue Code of 1939 be deemed a reference to the corresponding provision of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. Section was not enacted as part of the Revised Organic Act of the Virgin Islands which comprises this chapter.
+
+Amendments1997—Pub. L. 105–83 substituted “a parity lien with every other issue of bonds or other obligations issued for payment” for “priority for payment” and struck out “in the order of the date of issue” before “, except that”.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 1997 AmendmentPub. L. 105–83, title I, § 124(b), Nov. 14, 1997, 111 Stat. 1567, provided that: “The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to obligations issued on or after the date of enactment of this section [Nov. 14, 1997].”
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1574d"
+description: "Repealed. Pub. L. 97–357, title III, § 308(g), Oct. 19, 1982, 96 Stat. 1710"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "VIRGIN ISLANDS [1954]"
+section: "1574d"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1574d"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1574d"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "dedd394963e095671bda1abe1a5404d6a22a8e6df648909054c08c43aa49994c"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1574d - Repealed. Pub. L. 97–357, title III, § 308(g), Oct. 19, 1982, 96 Stat. 1710
+
+## Notes
+
+Section, Pub. L. 94–392, § 4, Aug. 19, 1976, 90 Stat. 1195, related to grants to government of Virgin Islands for operation of such government and limitation on amount of such grants.
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1575"
+description: "Legislative procedure"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "VIRGIN ISLANDS [1954]"
+section: "1575"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1575"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1575"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "a9ebf5d10cc44227a1004c989c7e5a86b5d5afc4914964bc54ab1b7d8404644d"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1575 - Legislative procedure
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Quorum and method of voting on bills The number of members of the legislature needed to constitute a quorum shall be determined by the laws of the Virgin Islands. No bill shall become a law unless it shall have been passed at a meeting, at which a quorum was present, by the affirmative vote of a majority of the members present and voting, which vote shall be by yeas and nays.
+
+(b) Enacting clause of acts The enacting clause of all acts shall be as follows: “Be it enacted by the Legislature of the Virgin Islands”.
+
+(c) Governor’s message and budget The Governor shall submit at the opening of each regular session of the legislature a message on the state of the Virgin Islands and a budget of estimated receipts and expenditures, which shall be the basis of the appropriation bills for the ensuing fiscal year, which shall commence on the first day of July or such other date as the Legislature of the Virgin Islands may determine.
+
+(d) Approval and disapproval of bills Every bill passed by the legislature shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the Governor. If the Governor approves the bill, he shall sign it. If the Governor disapproves the bill, he shall, except as hereinafter provided, return it, with his objections, to the legislature within ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him. If the Governor does not return the bill within such period, it shall be a law in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the legislature by adjournment prevents its return, in which case it shall be a law if signed by the Governor within thirty days after it shall have been presented to him; otherwise it shall not be a law. When a bill is returned by the Governor to the legislature with his objections, the legislature shall enter his objections at large on its journal and, upon motion of a member of the legislature, proceed to reconsider the bill. If, after such reconsideration, two-thirds of all the members of the legislature pass the bill, it shall be a law. If any bill presented to the Governor contains several items of appropriation of money, he may object to one or more of such items, or any part or parts, portion or portions thereof, while approving the other items, parts, or portions of the bill. In such a case he shall append to the bill, at the time of signing it, a statement of the items, or parts or portions thereof, to which he objects, and the items, or parts or portions thereof, so objected to shall not take effect, unless the legislature, after reconsideration upon motion of a member thereof, passes such items, parts, or portions so objected to by a vote of two-thirds of all the members of the legislature.
+
+(e) Use of prior appropriations upon failure to pass appropriation bills If at the termination of any fiscal year the legislature shall have failed to pass appropriation bills providing for payment of the obligations and necessary current expenses of the government of the Virgin Islands for the ensuing fiscal year, then the several sums appropriated in the last appropriation bills for the objects and purposes therein specified, so far as the same may be applicable, shall be deemed to be reappropriated item by item.
+
+(f) Journal of proceedings; contents The legislature shall keep a journal of its proceedings and publish the same. Every bill passed by the legislature and the yeas and nays on any question shall be entered on the journal.
+
+(g) Transmittal of laws to Congress A listing of all laws enacted by the legislature each year shall be transmitted with the annual report to Congress required pursuant to section 1591 of this title.
+
+(July 22, 1954, ch. 558, § 9, 68 Stat. 501; Pub. L. 90–496, §§ 2, 3, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 837; Pub. L. 95–134, title III, § 301(b), Oct. 15, 1977, 91 Stat. 1163; Pub. L. 95–348, § 4(c)(1), Aug. 18, 1978, 92 Stat. 490; Pub. L. 96–470, title II, § 206(d), Oct. 19, 1980, 94 Stat. 2244; Pub. L. 106–364, § 2, Oct. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 1408.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments2000—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 106–364 amended first sentence generally. Prior to amendment, first sentence read as follows: “The quorum of the legislature shall consist of eight of its members.” 1980—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 96–470 substituted provision requiring a listing of all laws enacted by the legislature each year be transmitted with the annual report to Congress required by section 1591 of this title for provision requiring copies of all laws enacted by the legislature be transmitted within 15 days of their enactment by the Governor to the Secretary of the Interior and by the Secretary annually to Congress. 1978—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–348 inserted provision authorizing the Virgin Islands Legislature to determine other dates on which the fiscal year shall commence. 1977—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 95–134 inserted “, unless the legislature, after reconsideration upon motion of a member thereof, passes such items, parts, or portions so objected to by a vote of two-thirds of all the members of the legislature” after “shall not take effect”. 1968—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90–496, § 2, increased the quorum requirement from seven to eight members. Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 90–496, § 3, inserted requirement that when a bill is returned by the Governor to the legislature, a motion of a member of the legislature is necessary for the legislature to reconsider the bill, and substituted provisions that if, after reconsideration by the legislature, two-thirds of all the members of the legislature pass a bill returned by the Governor, it shall be a law for provisions that if, after reconsideration by the legislature, two-thirds of all the members of the legislature agree to pass the bill, it shall be presented anew to the Governor for his approval, provisions that if the Governor does not approve the bill, the bill shall be sent to the President of the United States for his approval, provisions that if the President disapproves the bill, the bill shall be returned to the Governor, stating the President’s disapproval, and it shall not be a law, and provisions that if the President neither approves nor disapproves the bill within 90 days after it was sent to him by the Governor, the bill shall be a law as if the President had signed it.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 1968 AmendmentPub. L. 90–496, § 2, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 837, provided that the amendment made by section 2 is effective on the date of enactment of Pub. L. 90–496, which was approved Aug. 23, 1968. Amendment of provisions of section necessary to authorize the holding of an election for Governor and Lieutenant Governor on Nov. 3, 1970, effective Jan. 1, 1970, and all other amendments of provisions of section, unless otherwise expressly provided by Pub. L. 90–496, effective Jan. 4, 1971, see section 16 of Pub. L. 90–496, set out as a note under section 1591 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1576"
+description: "General elections; time; transfer of Council functions, property, etc."
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "VIRGIN ISLANDS [1954]"
+section: "1576"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1576"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1576"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "edbf46477e16397c015098e47181baa6201a2f14510d8e88d4ee97d76ef240b0"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "2f9a72ec272e6666d7f55f52cc3186aefc6368ca4cc2b9053a531de2fb9288c2"
+text_hash: "02378d2ede04dbfc928c3110e5ef0642695dc9928ca4fbf1401ff538e7aa5fb0"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1576 - General elections; time; transfer of Council functions, property, etc.
+
+## Text
+
+The next general election in the Virgin Islands shall be held on November 2, 1954. At such time there shall be chosen the entire membership of the legislature as herein provided. Thereafter the general elections shall be held on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November, beginning with the year 1956, and every two years thereafter. The Municipal Council of Saint Thomas and Saint John, and the Municipal Council of Saint Croix, existing on July 22, 1954, shall continue to function until January 10, 1955, at which time all of the functions, property, personnel, records, and unexpended balances of appropriations and funds of the governments of the municipality of Saint Thomas and Saint John and the municipality of Saint Croix shall be transferred to the government of the Virgin Islands.
+
+(July 22, 1954, ch. 558, § 10, 68 Stat. 502.)
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1592"
+description: "Repealed. Pub. L. 89–554, § 8(a), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 657"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "VIRGIN ISLANDS [1954]"
+section: "1592"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1592"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1592"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "779935cabb75bdc3db08b8785e9283d1f65daa95dd91ad67e5d184fc5d2447f5"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "2f9a72ec272e6666d7f55f52cc3186aefc6368ca4cc2b9053a531de2fb9288c2"
+text_hash: "9259cd37208f6f1655409da9ee1c0fe8a2969ca1985ae7f7017e66416e32be02"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1592 - Repealed. Pub. L. 89–554, § 8(a), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 657
+
+## Notes
+
+Section, act July 22, 1954, ch. 558, § 20(a), 68 Stat. 505, prescribed compensation of Governor.
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification Section 20 of act July 22, 1954, was amended in its entirety by section 10 of Pub. L. 90–496, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 841, which consolidated the text of said section 20 into a single unlettered paragraph, classified to section 1641 of this title. Prior to the 1968 amendment said section 20 was comprised of subsecs. (a) to (c). Subsec. (a) was classified to this section, and subsecs. (b) and (c) were classified to sections 1598 and 1641, respectively, of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1593"
+description: "Initiative and recall"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "VIRGIN ISLANDS [1954]"
+section: "1593"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1593"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1593"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "7f9f78b5f3508240a1de72b603db78e50988ad864e89b29841fee5d9de0b680b"
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+text_hash: "fe28d99c0701db733280719e7464b3a27caa6576e961ab3ffa00c7c40a478113"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1593 - Initiative and recall
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Grant of rights The people of the Virgin Islands shall have the rights of initiative and recall to be exercised as provided in subsection (b) and subsection (c), respectively.
+
+(b) Initiative (1) An initiative may enact, amend, or repeal any law, except that an initiative shall not be used to repeal a law declared by the legislature at the time of passage to be an emergency law necessary for the preservation of the public health, safety, or peace.
+
+(2) An initiative that proposes a reduction of taxes shall also provide for an equivalent reduction of expenditures or an equivalent increase in revenues from other sources.
+
+(3) An initiative shall address one subject only and matters reasonably related to that subject.
+
+(4) The ballot question shall be in such form that a “yes” vote is a vote in favor of the proposal and a “no” vote is a vote against the proposal.
+
+(5) A copy of the proposed initiative petition, including a complete text of the proposed law and containing signatures equal to at least 1 percent of the voters of each legislative district or 4 percent of all voters of the Virgin Islands must be submitted to the Supervisor of Elections prior to circulation for ballot qualification. The Supervisor of Elections must determine within 10 days after the submission whether the preliminary signatures are sufficient. If so determined, the Supervisor of Elections shall refer the preliminary petition to an initiative titling board consisting of the Attorney General, the Supervisor of Elections, and the legislative counsel of the legislature. The board shall, in an open hearing, prepare the official ballot title, the submission question, and a summary of the initiative proposal, and this preparation shall be completed within 30 days after the referral.
+
+(6) After the ballot title has been written, proponents of the initiative proposal shall have a maximum of 180 days to circulate the petition. Petitions containing signatures equal to at least 10 percent of the voters of each legislative district or 41 percent of all voters of the Virgin Islands must be submitted to the Supervisor of Elections. The Supervisor shall have 15 days to determine that the minimum number of valid signatures are contained in the petition and he shall forward the certified proposal to the legislature which must accept or reject the measure within 30 days. If approved, the initiative shall take effect in accordance with its terms. If the legislature does not approve, the initiative shall be submitted to the voters at the next general election, unless the legislature approves a special election for this purpose. The legislature may submit its own version of the initiative to the voters. Should both measures be approved by the voters, the measure receiving the higher number of votes shall prevail. The voters shall have a clear alternative of rejecting either version or the entire proposition.
+
+(7) An initiative submitted to the voters shall take effect if the initiative is approved by a majority of persons voting and if a majority of the voters of the Virgin Islands vote on the initiative. An initiative may not be vetoed by the Governor, and when approved by the voters, may not be amended or repealed by the legislature during the 3-year period after its approval unless the legislature acts by a two-thirds majority.
+
+(8) The legislature may provide the manner in which petitions shall be circulated, filed, certified, and the ballot question shall be submitted to the voters.
+
+(c) Recall (1) An elected public official of the Virgin Islands may be removed from office by a recall election carried out under this subsection. The grounds for recall are any of the following: lack of fitness, incompetence, neglect of duty, or corruption.
+
+(2) A recall election may be initiated by a two-thirds vote of the members of the legislature or by a petition under this subsection.
+
+(3) Prior to circulation a recall petition which identifies by name and office the official being recalled and which states the grounds for recall shall be submitted to the Supervisor of Elections. The sponsors of the recall petition shall be allowed a period of 60 days after such submission for filing with the Supervisor of Elections a list of signatures equal in number to at least 50 percent of the whole number of votes cast for that office in the last general election at which that office was filled. The Supervisor of Elections shall have 15 days in which to determine whether the minimum number of valid signatures are contained in the recall petition.
+
+(4) A special recall election shall be held with respect to an elected public official not earlier than 30 days after a vote of the legislature under paragraph (2) or a determination of the board of elections under paragraph (3), as the case may be, and not later than 60 days after such vote or determination.
+
+(5) An official shall be removed from office upon approval of the recall in an election in which at least two-thirds of the number of persons voting for such official in the last preceding general election at which such official was elected vote in favor of recall and in which those so voting constitute a majority of all those participating in such recall election.
+
+(6) No recall election shall be held with respect to an elected public official—
+
+(A) during the first year of the first term of office of the official; or
+
+(B) less than 3 months before a general election for the office.
+
+(d) “Law” and “voter” defined As used in this section, the term—
+
+(1) “law” means a law of the Virgin Islands; and
+
+(2) “voter” means a registered voter who is eligible to vote on the issue or for the office involved.
+
+(July 22, 1954, ch. 558, § 12, 68 Stat. 503; Pub. L. 90–496, § 5, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 838; Pub. L. 99–396, § 1, Aug. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 837.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments1986—Pub. L. 99–396 amended section generally, substituting provisions giving people of Virgin Islands the rights of initiative and recall and spelling out ways in which those rights are to be exercised for provisions which had formerly only set out a method for removal of Governor by referendum election. 1968—Pub. L. 90–496 substituted provisions authorizing the removal of the Governor from office by a recall referendum for provisions authorizing the appointment of a Government Secretary for the Virgin Islands, and provisions setting forth his powers and duties.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 1968 AmendmentAmendment of provisions of section necessary to authorize the holding of an election for Governor and Lieutenant Governor on Nov. 3, 1970, effective Jan. 1, 1970, and all other amendments of provisions of section, unless otherwise expressly provided by Pub. L. 90–496, effective Jan. 4, 1971, see section 16 of Pub. L. 90–496, set out as a note under section 1591 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1594"
+description: "Repealed. Pub. L. 90–496, § 6, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 839"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "VIRGIN ISLANDS [1954]"
+section: "1594"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1594"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1594"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "7c3128833e432d884d8fd658b0ef3dc4dfabfd4f59652e6a8887569b2262eeb6"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "2f9a72ec272e6666d7f55f52cc3186aefc6368ca4cc2b9053a531de2fb9288c2"
+text_hash: "e7dff3df6311e5d39beb43a9120720406c9de50c25710eb902b2e71a6e16c320"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1594 - Repealed. Pub. L. 90–496, § 6, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 839
+
+## Notes
+
+Section, act July 22, 1954, ch. 558, § 13, 68 Stat. 503, authorized the Governor to appoint an administrative assistant to reside in St. Croix and an administrative assistant to reside in St. John.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of RepealPub. L. 90–496, § 6, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 839, provided in part that the repeal of this section is effective on the date of enactment of Pub. L. 90–496, which was approved Aug. 23, 1968.
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1595"
+description: "Vacancy in office of Governor or Lieutenant Governor"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "VIRGIN ISLANDS [1954]"
+section: "1595"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1595"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1595"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "3114d75de517c1a0bca24ad351f75b6156fb44a8436d99fc7a31e4b8b9b79422"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "2f9a72ec272e6666d7f55f52cc3186aefc6368ca4cc2b9053a531de2fb9288c2"
+text_hash: "1ebec97e9b367254d91f5f0dc62f697ad81425644f379d3b203eec447efcc6f1"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1595 - Vacancy in office of Governor or Lieutenant Governor
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Temporary disability or temporary absence of Governor In case of the temporary disability or temporary absence of the Governor, the Lieutenant Governor shall have the powers of the Governor.
+
+(b) Permanent vacancy in office of Governor; Lieutenant Governor as Governor; term of office In case of a permanent vacancy in the office of Governor, arising by reason of the death, resignation, removal by recall or permanent disability of the Governor, or the death, resignation, or permanent disability of a Governor-elect, or for any other reason, the Lieutenant Governor or Lieutenant Governor-elect shall become the Governor, to hold office for the unexpired term and until he or his successor shall have been duly elected and qualified at the next regular election for Governor.
+
+(c) Temporary disability or temporary absence of Lieutenant Governor; president of legislature as Lieutenant Governor In case of the temporary disability or temporary absence of the Lieutenant Governor, or during any period when the Lieutenant Governor is acting as Governor, the president of the legislature shall act as Lieutenant Governor.
+
+(d) Permanent vacancy in office of Lieutenant Governor; Governor to appoint new Lieutenant Governor with advice and consent of legislature; term of office In case of a permanent vacancy in the office of Lieutenant Governor, arising by reason of the death, resignation, or permanent disability of the Lieutenant Governor, or because the Lieutenant Governor or Lieutenant Governor-elect has succeeded to the office of Governor, the Governor shall appoint a new Lieutenant Governor, with the advice and consent of the legislature, to hold office for the unexpired term and until he or his successor shall have been duly elected and qualified at the next regular election for Lieutenant Governor.
+
+(e) Temporary disability or temporary absence of Governor and Lieutenant Governor; appointment of Acting Governor; permanent vacancies in offices of Governor and Lieutenant Governor; appointment of Governor In case of the temporary disability or temporary absence of both the Governor and the Lieutenant Governor, the powers of the Governor shall be exercised, as Acting Governor, by such person as the laws of the Virgin Islands may prescribe. In case of a permanent vacancy in the offices of both the Governor and Lieutenant Governor, the office of Governor shall be filled for the unexpired term in the manner prescribed by the laws of the Virgin Islands.
+
+(f) Additional compensation No additional compensation shall be paid to any person acting as Governor or Lieutenant Governor who does not also assume the office of Governor or Lieutenant Governor under the provisions of this chapter.
+
+(July 22, 1954, ch. 558, § 14, 68 Stat. 504; Pub. L. 90–496, § 7(a), Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 839.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments1968—Pub. L. 90–496 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), substituted provisions that in case of the temporary disability or temporary absence of the Governor, the Lieutenant Governor shall have the powers of the Governor for provisions that in case of a vacancy in the office of Governor or the disability of the Governor or the temporary absence of the Governor, the Government Secretary shall have all the powers of the Governor, and added subsecs. (b) to (f).
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 1968 AmendmentAmendment of provisions of section necessary to authorize the holding of an election for Governor and Lieutenant Governor on Nov. 3, 1970, effective Jan. 1, 1970, and all other amendments of provisions of section, unless otherwise expressly provided by Pub. L. 90–496, effective Jan. 4, 1971, see section 16 of Pub. L. 90–496, set out as a note under section 1591 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1596"
+description: "Repealed. Pub. L. 104–186, title II, § 224(3), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1752"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "VIRGIN ISLANDS [1954]"
+section: "1596"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1596"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1596"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "a5382f88671620faecc1c77b2e297b8508aba15d8dc14a5bc8484cb93241fd78"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "2f9a72ec272e6666d7f55f52cc3186aefc6368ca4cc2b9053a531de2fb9288c2"
+text_hash: "4f099502002ed3b0e05d175d440d352ff77b0ce2f41544907abd90e89fd55515"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1596 - Repealed. Pub. L. 104–186, title II, § 224(3), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1752
+
+## Notes
+
+Section, act July 22, 1954, ch. 558, § 15, as added May 27, 1975, Pub. L. 94–26, § 2, 89 Stat. 94, related to clerk hire allowance and reimbursement for transportation expenses of the Delegate from the Virgin Islands to the House of Representatives.
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1597"
+description: "Reorganization of government"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "VIRGIN ISLANDS [1954]"
+section: "1597"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1597"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1597"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "fdb19c4909b7a03db587afac8f7794910b184cc12ab7097726a53b2386f5ef5b"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "2f9a72ec272e6666d7f55f52cc3186aefc6368ca4cc2b9053a531de2fb9288c2"
+text_hash: "b20a5b7ab5e91941d7a7e58aaa5ff73f1ff7b551bc399e94f68178e8f9965dcc"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1597 - Reorganization of government
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Consolidation of departments, bureaus, etc.; popular election of school board members The Governor shall, within one year after July 22, 1954, reorganize and consolidate the existing executive departments, bureaus, independent boards, agencies, authorities, commissions, and other instrumentalities of the government of the Virgin Islands or of the municipal governments into not more than nine executive departments except for independent bodies whose existence may be required by Federal law for participation in Federal programs. The head of each executive department other than the department of law shall be designated as the commissioner thereof, and the commissioner of finance shall be bonded. The head of the department of law shall be known as the attorney general of the Virgin Islands. Members of school boards, which entities of government have been duly organized and established by the government of the Virgin Islands, shall be popularly elected.
+
+(b) Changes after examination from time to time The Governor shall, from time to time, after complying with the provisions of subsection (a) of this section, examine the organization of the executive branch of the government of the Virgin Islands, and shall make such changes therein, subject to the approval of the legislature, not inconsistent with this chapter, as he determines are necessary to promote effective management and to execute faithfully the purposes of this chapter and the laws of the Virgin Islands.
+
+(c) Appointment of department heads; tenure; removal; powers and duties; appointments to boards, etc. The heads of the executive departments created by this chapter shall be appointed by the Governor, with the advice and consent of the legislature. Each shall hold office during the continuance in office of the Governor by whom he is appointed and until his successor is appointed and qualified, unless sooner removed by the Governor. Each shall have such powers and duties as may be prescribed by the legislature. The chairman and members of any board, authority, or commission established by the laws of the Virgin Islands shall, if the laws of the Virgin Islands hereafter provide, also be appointed by the Governor with the advice and consent of the legislature, if such board, authority, or commission has quasi-judicial functions: Provided, That no law of the Virgin Islands dealing with the chairmanship, membership, or chairmanship and membership of any such board, authority, or commission, and requiring an appointment or appointments to be made with the advice and consent of the legislature, shall relate to more than one such board, authority, or commission, nor shall it relate to any other legislative matter.
+
+(July 22, 1954, ch. 558, § 16, 68 Stat. 504; Pub. L. 85–224, Aug. 30, 1957, 71 Stat. 510; Pub. L. 86–289, § 3, Sept. 16, 1959, 73 Stat. 569; Pub. L. 90–496, § 8(a), Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 839.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments1968—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90–496 substituted provisions that members of school boards which have been duly organized by the government of the Virgin Islands be popularly elected for provisions that required the approval of the Secretary of the Interior for the establishment of any new department, agency, or other instrumentality by the Governor or the legislature, unless such department, agency, etc., was required by Federal law for participation in Federal programs. 1959—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 86–289 provided that the head of the department of law should be known as the attorney general of the Virgin Islands. 1957—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 85–224 provided for appointments to boards, authorities or commissions.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 1968 AmendmentAmendment of provisions of section necessary to authorize the holding of an election for Governor and Lieutenant Governor on Nov. 3, 1970, effective Jan. 1, 1970, and all other amendments of provisions of section, unless otherwise expressly provided by Pub. L. 90–496, effective Jan. 4, 1971, see section 16 of Pub. L. 90–496, set out as a note under section 1591 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1598"
+description: "Omitted"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "VIRGIN ISLANDS [1954]"
+section: "1598"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1598"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1598"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "a027b2753a9a2701288a911a6505cd716e9ea6cb36142ce50abba2a49ab08287"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "2f9a72ec272e6666d7f55f52cc3186aefc6368ca4cc2b9053a531de2fb9288c2"
+text_hash: "fe358d0d5bb6a65a2ec112aad17bb4300b0bcede987f9aa8011d8a3f05a0011e"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1598 - Omitted
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification Section, act July 22, 1954, ch. 558, § 20(b), 68 Stat. 505, which related to compensation of the Government Secretary, department heads, and staffs of the Governor and Government Secretary, was superseded by section 10 of Pub. L. 90–496, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 841, which amended section 1641 of this title. See Codification note set out under section 1641 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1599"
+description: "Transfer of functions from government comptroller for Virgin Islands to Inspector General, Department of the Interior"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "VIRGIN ISLANDS [1954]"
+section: "1599"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1599"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1599"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "85ffaf282522f7014fa849402f465a56d8a8ee9f9182bf428039ff115b04681c"
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+text_hash: "52b27d6791630b497d6809fe31336bd19d69daa80f9e065286987372d9eabe64"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1599 - Transfer of functions from government comptroller for Virgin Islands to Inspector General, Department of the Interior
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Functions, powers, and duties transferred The following functions, powers, and duties heretofore vested in the government comptroller for the Virgin Islands are hereby transferred to the Inspector General, Department of the Interior, for the purpose of establishing an organization which will maintain a satisfactory level of independent audit oversight of the government of the Virgin Islands:
+
+(1) The authority to audit all accounts pertaining to the revenue and receipts of the government of the Virgin Islands, and of funds derived from bond issues, and the authority to audit, in accordance with law and administrative regulations, all expenditures of funds and property pertaining to the government of the Virgin Islands including those pertaining to trust funds held by the government of the Virgin Islands.
+
+(2) The authority to report to the Secretary of the Interior and the Governor of the Virgin Islands all failures to collect amounts due the government, and expenditures of funds or uses of property which are irregular or not pursuant to law.
+
+(b) Scope of authority transferred The authority granted in paragraph (a) shall extend to all activities of the government of the Virgin Islands, and shall be in addition to the authority conferred upon the Inspector General by chapter 4 of title 5.
+
+(c) Transfer of personnel, assets, etc., of office of government comptroller for Virgin Islands to Office of Inspector General, Department of the Interior In order to carry out the provisions of this section, the personnel, assets, liabilities, contracts, property, records, and unexpended balances of appropriations, authorizations, allocations, and other funds employed, held, used, arising from, available or to be made available, of the office of the government comptroller for the Virgin Islands related to its audit function are hereby transferred to the Office of Inspector General, Department of the Interior.
+
+(July 22, 1954, ch. 558, § 17, as added Pub. L. 97–357, title III, § 309(b), Oct. 19, 1982, 96 Stat. 1710; amended Pub. L. 117–286, § 4(b)(92), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4352.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Prior ProvisionsA prior section 1599, acts July 22, 1954, ch. 558, § 17, 68 Stat. 505; Aug. 28, 1958, Pub. L. 85–851, §§ 4, 5, 72 Stat. 1094, 1095; Mar. 20, 1962, Pub. L. 87–421, 76 Stat. 43; Aug. 23, 1968, Pub. L. 90–496, § 9, 82 Stat. 840; Oct. 15, 1977, Pub. L. 95–134, title III, § 301(a), 91 Stat. 1162, related to appointment, status, and duties of the government comptroller for the Virgin Islands, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 97–357, § 309(b).
+
+Amendments2022—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 117–286 substituted “chapter 4 of title 5.” for “the Inspector General Act of 1978 (92 Stat. 1101), as amended.”
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1611"
+description: "District Court of Virgin Islands; local courts; jurisdiction; practice and procedure"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "VIRGIN ISLANDS [1954]"
+section: "1611"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1611"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1611"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "0db1c0c9af70b8df90683f0cbd70b65caedf28f46702e1b369ec37cf56d4039b"
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+text_hash: "be1b90bebf0852cb927661c2ddf052aca3cd745d0f097b532e21a552ec848a6e"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1611 - District Court of Virgin Islands; local courts; jurisdiction; practice and procedure
+
+## Text
+
+(a) District Court of Virgin Islands; local courts The judicial power of the Virgin Islands shall be vested in a court of record designated the “District Court of the Virgin Islands” established by Congress, and in such appellate court and lower local courts as may have been or may hereafter be established by local law.
+
+(b) Jurisdiction The legislature of the Virgin Islands may vest in the courts of the Virgin Islands established by local law jurisdiction over all causes in the Virgin Islands over which any court established by the Constitution and laws of the United States does not have exclusive jurisdiction. Such jurisdiction shall be subject to the concurrent jurisdiction conferred on the District Court of the Virgin Islands by section 1612(a) and (c) of this title.
+
+(c) Practice and procedure The rules governing the practice and procedure of the courts established by local law and those prescribing the qualifications and duties of the judges and officers thereof, oaths and bonds, and the times and places of holding court shall be governed by local law or the rules promulgated by those courts.
+
+(July 22, 1954, ch. 558, § 21, 68 Stat. 506; Pub. L. 98–454, title VII, § 702, Oct. 5, 1984, 98 Stat. 1737.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments1984—Pub. L. 98–454 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted “established by Congress” before “and in such” and substituted “appellate court and lower local courts as may have been or may hereafter be established by local law” for “court or courts of inferior jurisdiction as have been or may hereafter be established by local law”, and added subsecs. (b) and (c).
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 1984 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 98–454 effective on ninetieth day following Oct. 5, 1984, see section 1005 of Pub. L. 98–454, set out as a note under section 1424 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1612"
+description: "Jurisdiction of District Court"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "VIRGIN ISLANDS [1954]"
+section: "1612"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1612"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1612"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "723ea4dd30c88696c07e9101f3fec207bbd100a71d4980f77d1b436c40a943db"
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+text_hash: "1342e453a8cab306cf1d1df89f92d5c4761ec301d193d6e2cc050b5a08e80e8e"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1612 - Jurisdiction of District Court
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Jurisdiction The District Court of the Virgin Islands shall have the jurisdiction of a District Court of the United States, including, but not limited to, the diversity jurisdiction provided for in section 1332 of title 28 and that of a bankruptcy court of the United States. The District Court of the Virgin Islands shall have exclusive jurisdiction over all criminal and civil proceedings in the Virgin Islands with respect to the income tax laws applicable to the Virgin Islands, regardless of the degree of the offense or of the amount involved, except the ancillary laws relating to the income tax enacted by the legislature of the Virgin Islands. Any act or failure to act with respect to the income tax laws applicable to the Virgin Islands which would constitute a criminal offense described in chapter 75 of subtitle F of title 26 shall constitute an offense against the government of the Virgin Islands and may be prosecuted in the name of the government of the Virgin Islands by the appropriate officers thereof in the District Court of the Virgin Islands without the request or the consent of the United States attorney for the Virgin Islands, notwithstanding the provisions of section 1617 of this title.
+
+(b) General jurisdiction; limitations In addition to the jurisdiction described in subsection (a) the District Court of the Virgin Islands shall have general original jurisdiction in all causes in the Virgin Islands the jurisdiction over which is not then vested by local law in the local courts of the Virgin Islands: Provided, That the jurisdiction of the District Court of the Virgin Islands under this subsection shall not extend to civil actions wherein the matter in controversy does not exceed the sum or value of $500, exclusive of interest and costs; to criminal cases wherein the maximum punishment which may be imposed does not exceed a fine of $100 or imprisonment for six months, or both; and to violations of local police and executive regulations. The courts established by local law shall have jurisdiction over the civil actions, criminal cases, and violations set forth in the preceding proviso. In causes brought in the district court solely on the basis of this subsection, the district court shall be considered a court established by local law for the purposes of determining the availability of indictment by grand jury or trial by jury.
+
+(c) Criminal offenses; concurrent jurisdiction with local courts The District Court of the Virgin Islands shall have concurrent jurisdiction with the courts of the Virgin Islands established by local law over those offenses against the criminal laws of the Virgin Islands, whether felonies or misdemeanors or both, which are of the same or similar character or part of, or based on, the same act or transaction or two or more acts or transactions connected together or constituting part of a common scheme or plan, if such act or transaction or acts or transactions also constitutes or constitute an offense or offenses against one or more of the statutes over which the District Court of the Virgin Islands has jurisdiction pursuant to subsections (a) and (b) of this section.
+
+(July 22, 1954, ch. 558, § 22, 68 Stat. 506; Pub. L. 95–598, title III, § 336(a), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2680; Pub. L. 98–454, title VII, § 703(a), title X, § 1001, Oct. 5, 1984, 98 Stat. 1738, 1745; Pub. L. 99–514, § 2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThis chapter, referred to in text, was in the original “this Act”, meaning act July 22, 1954, ch. 558, 68 Stat. 497, known as the Revised Organic Act of the Virgin Islands, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1541 of this title and Tables.
+
+Amendments1986—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–514 substituted “Internal Revenue Code of 1986” for “Internal Revenue Code of 1954”, which for purposes of codification was translated as “title 26” thus requiring no change in text. 1984—Pub. L. 98–454 amended section generally, designating existing provisions as subsec. (a), substituted provisions that District Court would have all jurisdiction of a district court of the United States, including diversity jurisdiction and bankruptcy jurisdiction as well as civil and criminal matters regarding the income tax laws applicable to the Virgin Islands for former provisions conferring general jurisdiction on the court and providing for the transfer of cases, repealed section 336 of Pub. L. 95–598, which had amended this section, and added subsecs. (b) and (c). 1978—Pub. L. 95–598 inserted “and a bankruptcy court” after “jurisdiction of a district court”.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 1984 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 98–454 effective on ninetieth day following Oct. 5, 1984, see section 1005 of Pub. L. 98–454, set out as a note under section 1424 of this title.
+
+Effective Date of 1978 AmendmentPub. L. 95–598, title IV, § 402(e), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2682, which provided a prospective effective date for the amendment of this section by section 336(a) of Pub. L. 95–598, was repealed by Pub. L. 98–454, title X, § 1001, Oct. 5, 1984, 98 Stat. 1745.
+
+Jurisdiction of District Court Over Pending CasesPub. L. 98–454, title VII, § 703(b), Oct. 5, 1984, 98 Stat. 1738, provided that: “The provisions of this section [amending this section] shall not result in the loss of jurisdiction of the District Court of the Virgin Islands over any complaint or proceeding pending in it on the day preceding the effective date of this amendatory Act [see Effective Date of 1984 Amendment note set out under section 1424 of this title] and such complaint and proceeding may be pursued to final determination in the District Court of the Virgin Islands, the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, and the Supreme Court, notwithstanding the provisions of this amendatory Act [Pub. L. 98–454].”
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1613"
+description: "Relations between courts of United States and courts of Virgin Islands; review by United States Court of Appeals for Third Circuit; reports to Congress; rules"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "VIRGIN ISLANDS [1954]"
+section: "1613"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1613"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1613"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1613 - Relations between courts of United States and courts of Virgin Islands; review by United States Court of Appeals for Third Circuit; reports to Congress; rules
+
+## Text
+
+The relations between the courts established by the Constitution or laws of the United States and the courts established by local law with respect to appeals, certiorari, removal of causes, the issuance of writs of habeas corpus, and other matters or proceedings shall be governed by the laws of the United States pertaining to the relations between the courts of the United States, including the Supreme Court of the United States, and the courts of the several States in such matters and proceedings.
+
+(July 22, 1954, ch. 558, § 23, 68 Stat. 506; Pub. L. 98–454, title VII, § 704, Oct. 5, 1984, 98 Stat. 1739; Pub. L. 103–437, § 17(a)(4), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4595; Pub. L. 112–226, § 1, Dec. 28, 2012, 126 Stat. 1606.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments2012—Pub. L. 112–226 substituted a period for “: Provided, That for the first fifteen years following the establishment of the appellate court authorized by section 1611(a) of this title, the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit shall have jurisdiction to review by writ of certiorari all final decisions of the highest court of the Virgin Islands from which a decision could be had. The Judicial Council of the Third Circuit shall submit reports to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate and the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives at intervals of five years following the establishment of such appellate court as to whether it has developed sufficient institutional traditions to justify direct review by the Supreme Court of the United States from all such final decisions. The United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit shall have jurisdiction to promulgate rules necessary to carry out the provisions of this section.” at end. 1994—Pub. L. 103–437 substituted “Natural Resources” for “Interior and Insular Affairs” before “of the House”. 1984—Pub. L. 98–454 amended section generally, substituting provisions relating to the relations between local law courts and already established courts under the Constitution or laws of the United States with respect to appeals, certiorari, etc. and providing that the Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit shall have jurisdiction to review all final decisions from the highest court of the Virgin Islands for fifteen years after the appellate court is established for former provisions relating to the jurisdiction of inferior courts, transfer of actions, status as committing court, bail and rules.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 2012 Amendment Amendment by Pub. L. 112–226 applicable to cases commenced on or after Dec. 28, 2012, see section 3 of Pub. L. 112–226, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1260 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.
+
+Effective Date of 1984 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 98–454 effective on ninetieth day following Oct. 5, 1984, see section 1005 of Pub. L. 98–454, set out as a note under section 1424 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1613a"
+description: "Appellate jurisdiction of District Court; procedure; review by United States Court of Appeals for Third Circuit; rules; appeals to appellate court"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "VIRGIN ISLANDS [1954]"
+section: "1613a"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1613a"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1613a"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "85bd046ccc8bd3651e555f2f0c0eaf50928768b9687331235bc3b7e760ad749a"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1613a - Appellate jurisdiction of District Court; procedure; review by United States Court of Appeals for Third Circuit; rules; appeals to appellate court
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Appellate jurisdiction of District Court Prior to the establishment of the appellate court authorized by section 1611(a) of this title, the District Court of the Virgin Islands shall have such appellate jurisdiction over the courts of the Virgin Islands established by local law to the extent now or hereafter prescribed by local law: Provided, That the legislature may not preclude the review of any judgment or order which involves the Constitution, treaties, or laws of the United States, including this chapter, or any authority exercised thereunder by an officer or agency of the Government of the United States, or the conformity of any law enacted by the legislature of the Virgin Islands or of any order or regulation issued or action taken by the executive branch of the government of the Virgin Islands with the Constitution, treaties, or laws of the United States, including this chapter, or any authority exercised thereunder by an officer or agency of the United States.
+
+(b) Appellate division of District Court; quorum; presiding judge; designation of judges; decisions Appeals to the District Court of the Virgin Islands shall be heard and determined by an appellate division of the court consisting of three judges, of whom two shall constitute a quorum. The chief judge of the district court shall be the presiding judge of the appellate division and shall preside therein unless disqualified or otherwise unable to act. The other judges who are to sit in the appellate division at any session shall be designated by the presiding judge from among the judges who are serving on, or are assigned to, the district court from time to time pursuant to section 1614(a) of this title: Provided, That no more than one of them may be a judge of a court established by local law. The concurrence of two judges shall be necessary to any decision by the appellate division of the district court on the merits of an appeal, but the presiding judge alone may make any appropriate orders with respect to an appeal prior to the hearing and determination thereof on the merits and may dismiss an appeal for want of jurisdiction or failure to take or prosecute it in accordance with the applicable law or rules of procedure. Appeals pending in the district court on the effective date of this Act 11 See References in Text note below. shall be heard and determined by a single judge.
+
+(c) United States Court of Appeals for Third Circuit; jurisdiction; appeals; rules The United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit shall have jurisdiction of appeals from all final decisions of the district court on appeal from the courts established by local law. The United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit shall have jurisdiction to promulgate rules necessary to carry out the provisions of this subsection.
+
+(d) Appeals to appellate court; effect on District Court Upon the establishment of the appellate court provided for in section 1611(a) of this title all appeals from the decisions of the courts of the Virgin Islands established by local law not previously taken must be taken to that appellate court. The establishment of the appellate court shall not result in the loss of jurisdiction of the district court over any appeal then pending in it. The rulings of the district court on such appeals may be reviewed in the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit and in the Supreme Court notwithstanding the establishment of the appellate court.
+
+(July 22, 1954, ch. 558, § 23A, as added Pub. L. 98–454, title VII, § 705, Oct. 5, 1984, 98 Stat. 1739.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThis chapter, referred to in subsec. (a), was in the original “this Act”, meaning act July 22, 1954, ch. 558, 68 Stat. 497, known as the Revised Organic Act of the Virgin Islands, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1541 of this title and Tables. The effective date of this Act, referred to in subsec. (b), probably means the effective date of title VII of Pub. L. 98–454, which is 90 days after Oct. 5, 1984, and which enacted this section.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective DateSection effective on ninetieth day following Oct. 5, 1984, see section 1005 of Pub. L. 98–454, set out as an Effective Date of 1984 Amendment note under section 1424 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1614"
+description: "Judges of District Court"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "VIRGIN ISLANDS [1954]"
+section: "1614"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1614"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1614"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1614 - Judges of District Court
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Appointment; tenure; removal; chief judge; compensation The President shall, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoint two judges for the District Court of the Virgin Islands, who shall hold office for terms of ten years and until their successors are chosen and qualified, unless sooner removed by the President for cause. The judge of the district court who is senior in continuous service and who otherwise qualifies under section 136(a) of title 28 shall be the chief judge of the court. The salary of a judge of the district court shall be at the rate prescribed for judges of the United States district courts. Whenever it is made to appear that such an assignment is necessary for the proper dispatch of the business of the district court, the chief judge of the Third Judicial Circuit of the United States may assign a judge of a court of record of the Virgin Islands established by local law, or a circuit or district judge of the Third Judicial Circuit, or a recalled senior judge of the District Court of the Virgin Islands, or the Chief Justice of the United States may assign any other United States circuit or district judge with the consent of the judge so assigned and of the chief judge of his circuit, to serve temporarily as a judge of the District Court of the Virgin Islands. The compensation of the judges of the district court and the administrative expenses of the court shall be paid from appropriations made for the judiciary of the United States.
+
+(b) Criminal offenses; procedure; definitions; indictment and information Where appropriate, the provisions of part II of title 18 and of title 28 and, notwithstanding the provisions of rule 7(a) and of rule 54(a) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure relating to the requirement of indictment and to the prosecution of criminal offenses in the Virgin Islands by information, respectively, the rules of practice heretofore or hereafter promulgated and made effective by the Congress or the Supreme Court of the United States pursuant to titles 11, 18, and 28 shall apply to the district court and appeals therefrom: Provided, That the terms “Attorney for the government” and “United States attorney” as used in the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, shall, when applicable to causes arising under the income tax laws applicable to the Virgin Islands, mean the Attorney General of the Virgin Islands or such other person or persons as may be authorized by the laws of the Virgin Islands to act therein: Provided further, That in the district court all criminal prosecutions under the laws of the United States, under local law under section 1612(c) of this title, and under the income tax laws applicable to the Virgin Islands may be had by indictment by grand jury or by information: Provided further, That an offense which has been investigated by or presented to a grand jury may be prosecuted by information only by leave of court or with the consent of the defendant. All criminal prosecutions arising under local law which are tried in the district court pursuant to section 1612(b) of this title shall continue to be had by information, except such as may be required by the local law to be prosecuted by indictment by grand jury.
+
+(c) United States marshal The Attorney General shall appoint a United States marshal for the Virgin Islands, to whose office the provisions of chapter 37 of title 28 shall apply.
+
+(July 22, 1954, ch. 558, § 24, 68 Stat. 506; Pub. L. 85–851, § 7, Aug. 28, 1958, 72 Stat. 1095; Pub. L. 91–272, § 3(b), June 2, 1970, 84 Stat. 296; Pub. L. 98–454, title VII, § 706(a), (b), Oct. 5, 1984, 98 Stat. 1740.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThe Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, referred to in subsec. (b), are set out in the Appendix to Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.
+
+Codification In subsec. (c), “chapter 37 of title 28” substituted for “chapter 33 of title 28” on authority of Pub. L. 89–554, § 7(b), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 631, section 4(c) of which revised part II of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.
+
+Amendments1984—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–454, § 706(a), substituted provisions extending the term of a judge of the district court from eight to ten years, further substituted “of a court of the Virgin Islands established by local law,” for “a judge of the municipal court of the Virgin Islands,” in third sentence, and inserted provisions regarding the designation of the chief judge. Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98–454, § 706(b), substituted provisions relating to criminal procedure in the district courts for former provisions which related to the chief judge of the district court and which are now set out in subsec. (a). 1970—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 91–272 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), increased from one to two the number of district judges, added judges of the municipal court of the Virgin Islands to the list of judges from which may be drawn temporary judges for the district court, and transferred to subsec. (c) provisions covering the appointment of a United States marshal for the Virgin Islands. Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91–272 added subsec. (b). Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 91–272 added subsec. (c), the substance of which was formerly contained in subsec. (a). 1958—Pub. L. 85–851 substituted “the Attorney General shall appoint a United States marshal” for “the Attorney General shall, as heretofore, appoint a marshal and one deputy marshal”.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 1984 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 98–454 effective on ninetieth day following Oct. 5, 1984, see section 1005 of Pub. L. 98–454, set out as a note under section 1424 of this title.
+
+Chief Judge; District Court; Determination and QualificationsPub. L. 98–454, title VII, § 706(c), Oct. 5, 1984, 98 Stat. 1741, provided that: “The provisions of subsection (a) of this section [amending this section] regarding the determination and qualifications of the chief judge of the District Court of the Virgin Islands shall not apply to a person serving as chief judge of said court on the effective date of this Act [see Effective Date of 1984 Amendment note set out under section 1424 of this title].”
+
+Extension of Term of District JudgesExtension of term of district court judges to ten years applicable to judges holding office on Oct. 5, 1984, see section 1004 of Pub. L. 98–454, set out as a note under section 1424b of this title.
+
+Present IncumbentEnactment of this chapter as not affecting term of office of judge of the District Court of the Virgin Islands in office on the date of its enactment, see Effective Date note set out under section 1541 of this title.
+
+Resignation and Retirement of JudgesResignation and retirement of judges in the Territories and possessions, see section 373 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1615"
+description: "Judicial divisions"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "VIRGIN ISLANDS [1954]"
+section: "1615"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1615"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1615"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "2737a1df7b02ff0034392e5f01ba35df281ebba50ad2e426ca6dd7ebe753bbce"
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+text_hash: "87ac898339a505d21ee9ad263bed58b982bffc5647aa46b44bff7da8b52e005a"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1615 - Judicial divisions
+
+## Text
+
+The Virgin Islands consists of two judicial divisions; the Division of Saint Croix, comprising the island of Saint Croix and adjacent islands and cays, and the Division of Saint Thomas and Saint John, comprising the islands of Saint Thomas and Saint John and adjacent islands and cays.
+
+(July 22, 1954, ch. 558, § 25, 68 Stat. 507; Pub. L. 95–598, title III, § 336(b), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2680; Pub. L. 98–454, title VII, § 707, title X, § 1001, Oct. 5, 1984, 98 Stat. 1741, 1745; Pub. L. 101–219, title II, § 203, Dec. 12, 1989, 103 Stat. 1874.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments1989—Pub. L. 101–219 struck out provision that court for the Division of Saint Croix be held in Christiansted and for the Division of Saint Thomas and Saint John at Charlotte Amalie. 1984—Pub. L. 98–454 amended section generally, inserting provisions setting forth places for the holding of court of each judicial division and striking out provisions relating to the applicability of procedural rules and prosecutions by information and indictment, which are now covered under section 1614 of this title, and repealed section 336 of Pub. L. 95–598 which had amended this section. 1978—Pub. L. 95–598 substituted “section 2075 of title 28 in cases under title 11” for “section 53 of title 11 in bankruptcy cases”.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 1984 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 98–454 effective on ninetieth day following Oct. 5, 1984, see section 1005 of Pub. L. 98–454, set out as a note under section 1424 of this title.
+
+Effective Date of 1978 AmendmentPub. L. 95–598, title IV, § 402(e), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2682, which provided a prospective effective date for the amendment of this section by section 336(b) of Pub. L. 95–598, was repealed by Pub. L. 98–454, title X, § 1001, Oct. 5, 1984, 98 Stat. 1745.
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1616"
+description: "Trial by jury"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "VIRGIN ISLANDS [1954]"
+section: "1616"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1616"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1616"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "316a21ad8c0e646a2980971f23e7b8e4004a7a631e19bace946e3133beaf6bb9"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1616 - Trial by jury
+
+## Text
+
+All criminal cases originating in the district court shall be tried by jury upon demand by the defendant or by the Government. If no jury is demanded the case shall be tried by the judge of the district court without a jury, except that the judge may, on his own motion, order a jury for the trial of any criminal action. The legislature may provide for trial in misdemeanor cases by a jury of six qualified persons.
+
+(July 22, 1954, ch. 558, § 26, 68 Stat. 507; Pub. L. 85–851, § 8, Aug. 28, 1958, 72 Stat. 1095.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments1958—Pub. L. 85–851 substituted requirement of jury trial upon demand by defendant or Government for prohibition against denial to any person on demand of either party.
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1617"
+description: "United States attorney; appointment; duties"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "VIRGIN ISLANDS [1954]"
+section: "1617"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1617"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1617"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "bbcfeb62e8e4a05675f3f38d884379ed79a7ff963cd127954a87a1461dd4ee9a"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1617 - United States attorney; appointment; duties
+
+## Text
+
+The President shall, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoint a United States attorney for the Virgin Islands to whose office the provisions of chapter 35 of title 28, shall apply. Except as otherwise provided by law it shall be the duty of the United States attorney to prosecute all offenses against the United States and to conduct all legal proceedings, civil and criminal, to which the Government of the United States is a party in the district court and in the courts established by local law. He shall also prosecute in the district court in the name of the government of the Virgin Islands all offenses against the laws of the Virgin Islands which are cognizable by that court unless, at his request or with his consent, the prosecution of any such case is conducted by the attorney general of the Virgin Islands. The United States attorney may, when requested by the Governor or the attorney general of the Virgin Islands, conduct any other legal proceedings to which the government of the Virgin Islands is a party in the district court or the courts established by local law.
+
+(July 22, 1954, ch. 558, § 27, 68 Stat. 507; Pub. L. 85–851, § 9, Aug. 28, 1958, 72 Stat. 1095; Pub. L. 86–289, § 4, Sept. 16, 1959, 73 Stat. 569; Pub. L. 92–24, June 2, 1971, 85 Stat. 76; Pub. L. 98–454, title VII, § 708, Oct. 5, 1984, 98 Stat. 1741.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments1984—Pub. L. 98–454 substituted “courts established by local law” for “inferior courts of the Virgin Islands” wherever appearing and struck out provisions relating to vacancies in the office of United States attorney for the Virgin Islands. 1971—Pub. L. 92–24 substituted “chapter 35” for “chapter 31” and struck out “except that the Attorney General shall not appoint more than one assistant United States attorney for the Virgin Islands” after “shall apply”. 1959—Pub. L. 86–289 substituted provisions making chapter 31 of title 28 applicable to United States attorney and by provisions specifying his duties, for provisions which prescribed his term of office and provided for his compensation, provided for appointment and compensation of his assistant and employees, and provided that he or his assistant conduct all legal proceedings in which the United States Government or the government of the Virgin Islands is a party in the District Court and inferior courts. 1958—Pub. L. 85–851 substituted “United States attorney” for “district attorney” wherever appearing.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 1984 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 98–454 effective on ninetieth day following Oct. 5, 1984, see section 1005 of Pub. L. 98–454, set out as a note under section 1424 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1631"
+description: "Establishment and maintenance; scope"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "VIRGIN ISLANDS [1954]"
+section: "1631"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1631"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1631"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "c503a1ec156c4d014124c5fc880af25753462f99a6c7985cd1b10db64b0324d1"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1631 - Establishment and maintenance; scope
+
+## Text
+
+The Governor shall establish and maintain systems of accounting and internal control designed to provide—
+
+(a) full disclosure of the financial results of the government’s activities;
+
+(b) adequate financial information needed for the government’s management purposes;
+
+(c) effective control over and accountability for all funds, property, and other assets for which the government is responsible, including appropriate internal audit; and
+
+(d) reliable accounting results to serve as the basis for preparation and support of the government’s request for the approval of the President or his designated representative for the obligation and expenditure of the internal revenue collections as provided in section 26, the Governor’s budget request to the legislature, and for controlling the execution of the said budget.
+
+(July 22, 1954, ch. 558, § 18, 68 Stat. 505.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextSection 26, referred to in subsec. (d), probably means section 26 of S. 3378 (act July 22, 1954, ch. 558, 68 Stat. 497) prior to the submission of S. 3378 to the Conference Committee which redesignated section 26 as section 28 of S. 3378. Said section 28 was composed of subsecs. (a) to (d). Subsecs. (a), (c), and (d) thereof enacted sections 1642, 1643, and 1644 of this title, respectively. Subsec. (b) thereof added subsec. (c) to section 3350 of former Title 26, Internal Revenue Code. Reference to section 3350(c) of former Title 26 is deemed a reference to section 7652(b)(3) of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code. See section 7852(b) of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, which provides that any reference in any other law to a provision of the Internal Revenue Code of 1939 be deemed a reference to the corresponding provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Agreement Regarding Financial Accountability and Performance StandardsPub. L. 106–84, § 2, Oct. 28, 1999, 113 Stat. 1295, provided that: “(a) In General.—The Secretary of the Interior is authorized to enter into an agreement with the Governor of the Virgin Islands establishing mutually agreed financial accountability and performance standards for the fiscal operations of the Government of the Virgin Islands. “(b) Transmission to Congress.—Upon ratification of the agreement authorized in subsection (a) by both parties, the Secretary shall forward a copy of the agreement to the Committee on Resources [now Committee on Natural Resources] in the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources in the Senate.”
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1632"
+description: "Repealed. Pub. L. 90–496, § 14, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 842"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "VIRGIN ISLANDS [1954]"
+section: "1632"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1632"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1632"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1632 - Repealed. Pub. L. 90–496, § 14, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 842
+
+## Notes
+
+Section, act July 22, 1954, ch. 558, § 19, 68 Stat. 505, authorized Comptroller General of United States to review annually the office and activities of Government Comptroller of Virgin Islands, and report thereon to Governor, Secretary of the Interior, and Congress.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of RepealPub. L. 90–496, § 14, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 842, provided that the repeal of this section is effective on the date of enactment of Pub. L. 90–496, which was approved Aug. 23, 1968.
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1641"
+description: "Method of payment of official salaries"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "VIRGIN ISLANDS [1954]"
+section: "1641"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1641"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1641"
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+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1641 - Method of payment of official salaries
+
+## Text
+
+The salaries and travel allowances of the Governor, Lieutenant Governor, the heads of the executive departments, other officers and employees of the government of the Virgin Islands, and the members of the legislature shall be paid by the government of the Virgin Islands at rates prescribed by the laws of the Virgin Islands.
+
+(July 22, 1954, ch. 558, § 20, formerly § 20(c), 68 Stat. 506; Pub. L. 85–851, § 6(a), Aug. 28, 1958, 72 Stat. 1095; Pub. L. 90–496, § 10, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 841.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification Prior to the 1968 amendment of section 20 of act July 22, 1954, this section constituted subsec. (c) of said section 20. Subsecs. (a) and (b) of said section 20 were classified to sections 1592 and 1598, respectively, of this title. Section 10 of Pub. L. 90–496 consolidated the text of said section 20 into a single unlettered paragraph, classified to this section.
+
+Amendments1968—Pub. L. 90–496 substituted provisions that the salaries and travel allowances of all officials connected with the executive and legislative departments of the government of the Virgin Islands be paid by the government of the Virgin Islands at rates prescribed by the laws of the Virgin Islands for provisions that the salaries of the Governor, the Government Secretary, the government comptroller, and their immediate staffs be paid by the United States, and provisions that the salaries of the heads of the executive departments be paid by the government of the Virgin Islands, such salaries to be paid without the necessity of further appropriations therefor, if the legislature fails to make an appropriation for such salaries. 1958—Pub. L. 85–851 provided for the payment of the salary of the government comptroller by the United States instead of by the government of the Virgin Islands.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 1968 AmendmentAmendment of provisions of section necessary to authorize the holding of an election for Governor and Lieutenant Governor on Nov. 3, 1970, effective Jan. 1, 1970, and all other amendments of provisions of section, unless otherwise expressly provided by Pub. L. 90–496, effective Jan. 4, 1971, see section 16 of Pub. L. 90–496, set out as a note under section 1591 of this title.
+
+Effective Date of 1958 AmendmentPub. L. 85–851, § 6(b), Aug. 28, 1958, 72 Stat. 1095, provided that: “This section 6 [amending this section] shall become effective on July 1, 1959.”
+
+Elimination of General Fund Deficits of Guam and Virgin IslandsPub. L. 96–597, title VI, § 607, Dec. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 3483, as amended by Pub. L. 97–357, title VI, § 601, Oct. 19, 1982, 96 Stat. 1712, authorized limited payments to Guam and the Virgin Islands for fiscal years 1982 to 1985 provided the respective governors of those territories submit plans designed to eliminate the respective territories’ general fund deficits by the beginning of fiscal year 1987.
+
+Authorization of Appropriations for Grants for Anticipated Deficits During Fiscal Years 1979 Through 1981; Terms and Conditions; Report on Financial Condition; ContentsPub. L. 95–348, § 4(d), Aug. 18, 1978, 92 Stat. 491, authorized appropriations for fiscal years 1979 to 1981 for grants for anticipated deficits in such years, and required a report respecting financial conditions and activities, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 96–205, title IV, § 404, Mar. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 89.
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1642"
+description: "Use of certain proceeds for expenditure; income tax obligations of inhabitants"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "VIRGIN ISLANDS [1954]"
+section: "1642"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1642"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
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+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1642 - Use of certain proceeds for expenditure; income tax obligations of inhabitants
+
+## Text
+
+The proceeds of customs duties, the proceeds of the United States income tax, the proceeds of any taxes levied by the Congress on the inhabitants of the Virgin Islands, and the proceeds of all quarantine, passport, immigration, and naturalization fees collected in the Virgin Islands, (less the cost of collecting such duties, taxes and fees as may be directly attributable (as certified by the Comptroller of the Virgin Islands) to the importation of petroleum products until January 1, 1982: Provided, That any other retained costs not heretofore remitted pursuant to the Act of August 18, 1978, shall be immediately remitted to the Treasury of the Virgin Islands notwithstanding any other provision of law) shall be covered into the treasury of the Virgin Islands, and shall be available for expenditure as the Legislature of the Virgin Islands may provide: Provided, That the term “inhabitants of the Virgin Islands” as used in this section shall include all persons whose permanent residence is in the Virgin Islands, and such persons shall satisfy their income tax obligations under applicable taxing statutes of the United States by paying their tax on income derived from all sources both within and outside the Virgin Islands into the treasury of the Virgin Islands: Provided further, That nothing in this chapter shall be construed to apply to any tax specified in section 3811 of the Internal Revenue Code.
+
+(July 22, 1954, ch. 558, § 28(a), 68 Stat. 508; Pub. L. 95–348, § 4(c)(3), Aug. 18, 1978, 92 Stat. 491; Pub. L. 96–205, title IV, § 403(a), Mar. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 89.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextAct of August 18, 1978, referred to in text, probably means Pub. L. 95–348, Aug. 18, 1978, 92 Stat. 487, which enacted sections 1645 and 1841 of this title and section 410dd of Title 16, Conservation, amended sections 1421h, 1469a, 1575, and 1642 of this title and sections 398a and 398c to 398f of Title 16, and enacted provisions set out as a note under sections 1421, 1641, and 1681 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables. This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original “this Act”, meaning act July 22, 1954, ch. 558, 68 Stat. 497, known as the Revised Organic Act of the Virgin Islands, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1541 of this title and Tables. Section 3811 of the Internal Revenue Code, referred to in text, means section 3811 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1939, which was repealed by section 7851 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, Title 26. Similar provisions are contained in section 7651 of Title 26. The Internal Revenue Code of 1954 was redesignated the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 by Pub. L. 99–514, § 2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095. For table of comparisons of the 1939 Code to the 1986 Code, see Table I preceding section 1 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code. See also section 7852(b) of Title 26 for provision that references in any other law to a provision of the 1939 Code, unless expressly incompatible with the intent thereof, shall be deemed a reference to the corresponding provision of the 1986 Code.
+
+Codification Section constitutes subsec. (a) of section 28 of act July 22, 1954. Subsec. (b) of section 28 amended section 3350 of former Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, 1939, and subsecs. (c) and (d) thereof are classified to sections 1643 and 1644, respectively, of this title.
+
+Amendments1980—Pub. L. 96–205 inserted provisions relating to deductions for the costs of collecting the duties, taxes, and fees attributable to the importation of petroleum products until Jan. 1, 1982, provided that outstanding retained costs are immediately remitted to the Treasury of the Virgin Islands. 1978—Pub. L. 95–348 struck out “less the cost of collecting all of said duties, taxes, and fees,” before “shall be covered”.
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1642a"
+description: "Availability of collected customs duties for expenditures as Legislature may provide"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "VIRGIN ISLANDS [1954]"
+section: "1642a"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1642a"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1642a"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "02790d11795d8e21eb2b4031b46cbba99b65e6f96d52439d8e92fbb05a109684"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "2f9a72ec272e6666d7f55f52cc3186aefc6368ca4cc2b9053a531de2fb9288c2"
+text_hash: "c9c80857c9a32fb8df894ad34869da788ea190d788498f710476534c10d9bbd7"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1642a - Availability of collected customs duties for expenditures as Legislature may provide
+
+## Text
+
+Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the proceeds of customs duties collected in the Virgin Islands less the cost of collecting all said duties shall, effective for fiscal years beginning after September 30, 1979, be covered into the Treasury of the Virgin Islands, and shall be available for expenditure as the Legislator 11 So in original. Probably should be “Legislature”. of the Virgin Islands may provide.
+
+(Pub. L. 96–304, title I, § 100, July 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 907.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Prior ProvisionsA prior section 1642a, Pub. L. 96–38, title I, July 25, 1979, 93 Stat. 122, related to availability of collected customs duties for expenditures as the Virgin Islands Legislature may provide, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 96–205, title IV, § 403(b), Mar. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 89.
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1643"
+description: "Import provisions with respect to trade-marks"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "VIRGIN ISLANDS [1954]"
+section: "1643"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1643"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1643"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "b6e2a72def1fba9facccea502ee61b1033fb37bd50d4b823c5848ff435132051"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1643 - Import provisions with respect to trade-marks
+
+## Text
+
+Section 1124 of title 15, and section 1526 of title 19, shall not apply to importations into the Virgin Islands of genuine foreign merchandise bearing a genuine foreign trade-mark, but shall remain applicable to importations of such merchandise from the Virgin Islands into the United States or its possessions; and the dealing in or possession of any such merchandise in the Virgin Islands shall not constitute a violation of any registrant’s right under the Trade Mark Act [15 U.S.C. 1051 et seq.].
+
+(July 22, 1954, ch. 558, § 28(c), 68 Stat. 509.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThe Trade Mark Act, referred to in text, probably means the Trademark Act of 1946, also popularly known as the Lanham Act, act July 5, 1946, ch. 540, 60 Stat. 427, which is classified generally to chapter 22 (§ 1051 et seq.) of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1051 of Title 15 and Tables.
+
+Codification Section constitutes subsec. (c) of section 28 of act July 22, 1954. Subsec. (b) of section 28 amended section 3350 of former Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, 1939, and subsecs. (a) and (d) thereof are classified to sections 1642 and 1644, respectively, of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1644"
+description: "Import duties on articles entering United States or possessions from Virgin Islands"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "VIRGIN ISLANDS [1954]"
+section: "1644"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1644"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1644"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "c4a8360250dbda2f24f213574701ea3c844c36b1680385d9b5c87d18b721c096"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1644 - Import duties on articles entering United States or possessions from Virgin Islands
+
+## Text
+
+All articles coming into the United States from the Virgin Islands shall be subject to or exempt from duty as provided for in section 1301a 11 See References in Text note below. of title 19 and subject to internal-revenue taxes as provided for in section 7652(b) of title 26.
+
+(July 22, 1954, ch. 558, § 28(d), 68 Stat. 509; Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1213, title IV, § 402(a), 68 Stat. 1140; Pub. L. 99–514, § 2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextSection 1301a of title 19, referred to in text, was repealed by Pub. L. 87–456, title III, § 301(a), May 24, 1962, 76 Stat. 75. See General Headnote 3(a) under section 1202 of Title 19, Customs Duties.
+
+Codification Section constitutes subsec. (d) of section 28 of act July 22, 1954. Subsecs. (a) and (c) of section 28 are classified to sections 1642 and 1643, respectively, of this title, and subsec. (b) thereof amended section 3350 of former Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, 1939.
+
+Amendments1986—Pub. L. 99–514 substituted “Internal Revenue Code of 1986” for “Internal Revenue Code of 1954”, which for purposes of codification was translated as “title 26” thus requiring no change in text. 1954—Act Sept. 1, 1954, subjected the Virgin Islands to the general provision for importations from insular possessions contained in section 1301a of Title 19, Customs Duties.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 1954 AmendmentAmendment by act Sept. 1, 1954, effective on and after the thirtieth day following Sept. 1, 1954, see section 601 of act Sept. 1, 1954, set out as a note under section 1421e of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1645"
+description: "Remittance of duties, taxes, and fees to be collected in next fiscal year; authorization, prerequisites, amount, etc."
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "12"
+chapter_name: "VIRGIN ISLANDS [1954]"
+section: "1645"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1645"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1645"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "53c4737a857c61c0cb03b090b196c30383d8c0707b949b71d4392953e15b7d05"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1645 - Remittance of duties, taxes, and fees to be collected in next fiscal year; authorization, prerequisites, amount, etc.
+
+## Text
+
+Beginning as soon as the government of the Virgin Islands enacts legislation establishing a fiscal year commencing on October 1 and ending on September 30, the Secretary of the Treasury, prior to the commencement of any fiscal year, shall remit to the government of the Virgin Islands the amount of duties, taxes, and fees which the Governor of the Virgin Islands, with the concurrence of the government comptroller of the Virgin Islands, has estimated will be collected in or derived from the Virgin Islands under the Revised Organic Act of the Virgin Islands [48 U.S.C. 1541 et seq.] during the next fiscal year, except for those sums covered directly upon collection into the treasury of the Virgin Islands. There shall be deducted from or added to the amounts so remitted, as may be appropriate, at the beginning of the fiscal year, the difference between the amount of duties, taxes, and fees actually collected during the prior fiscal year and the amount of such duties, taxes, and fees as estimated and remitted at the beginning of that prior fiscal year, including any deductions which may be required as a result of the operation of sections 1574a to 1574d 11 See References in Text note below. of this title.
+
+(Pub. L. 95–348, § 4(c)(2), Aug. 18, 1978, 92 Stat. 490.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThe Revised Organic Act of the Virgin Islands, referred to in text, is act July 22, 1954, ch. 558, 68 Stat. 497, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1541 of this title and Tables. Section 1574d of this title, referred to in text, was repealed by Pub. L. 97–357, title III, § 308(g), Oct. 19, 1982, 96 Stat. 1710.
+
+Codification Section was not enacted as part of the Revised Organic Act of the Virgin Islands which comprises this chapter.
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1661"
+description: "Islands of eastern Samoa"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "13"
+chapter_name: "EASTERN SAMOA"
+section: "1661"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1661"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1661"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "9e34aa421b87e693047873b6a115cc59289a44d5b6c1873507a5380f8708152b"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1661 - Islands of eastern Samoa
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Ceded to and accepted by United States The cessions by certain chiefs of the islands of Tutuila and Manua and certain other islands of the Samoan group lying between the thirteenth and fifteenth degrees of latitude south of the Equator and between the one hundred and sixty-seventh and one hundred and seventy-first degrees of longitude west of Greenwich, herein referred to as the islands of eastern Samoa, are accepted, ratified, and confirmed, as of April 10, 1900, and July 16, 1904, respectively.
+
+(b) Public land laws; revenue The existing laws of the United States relative to public lands shall not apply to such lands in the said islands of eastern Samoa; but the Congress of the United States shall enact special laws for their management and disposition: Provided, That all revenue from or proceeds of the same, except as regards such part thereof as may be used or occupied for the civil, military, or naval purposes of the United States or may be assigned for the use of the local government, shall be used solely for the benefit of the inhabitants of the said islands of eastern Samoa for educational and other public purposes.
+
+(c) Government Until Congress shall provide for the government of such islands, all civil, judicial, and military powers shall be vested in such person or persons and shall be exercised in such manner as the President of the United States shall direct; and the President shall have power to remove said officers and fill the vacancies so occasioned.
+
+(Feb. 20, 1929, ch. 281, 45 Stat. 1253; May 22, 1929, ch. 6, 46 Stat. 4.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThe existing laws of the United States relative to public lands, referred to in subsec. (b), are classified generally to Title 43, Public Lands.
+
+Codification Subsec. (d) of this section, which provided for recommendation of legislation concerning the islands of eastern Samoa by seven commissioners as soon as reasonably practicable, was omitted from the Code. Section was formerly classified to section 1431a of this title.
+
+Amendments1929—Subsec. (d). Act May 22, 1929, substituted “seven” and “three” for “six” and “two”, respectively, and inserted “or high chiefs” after “chiefs”.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Authority of Guam, American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands To Enact Revenue LawsSee section 1271 of Pub. L. 99–514, set out as a note under section 931 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.
+
+Submerged Lands, Conveyance to TerritoryConveyance of submerged lands to the government of American Samoa, see section 1701 et seq. of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1662"
+description: "Sovereignty of United States extended over Swains Island"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "13"
+chapter_name: "EASTERN SAMOA"
+section: "1662"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1662"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1662"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "001bc5785c1e601b28dc12a69a7ccc654793b7e84c7662ce01085492027f6f7b"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1662 - Sovereignty of United States extended over Swains Island
+
+## Text
+
+The sovereignty of the United States over American Samoa is extended over Swains Island, which is made a part of American Samoa and placed under the jurisdiction of the administrative and judicial authorities of the government established therein by the United States.
+
+(Mar. 4, 1925, ch. 563, 43 Stat. 1357.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification Section was formerly classified to section 1431 of this title.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Transfer of Personal Property to Government of American SamoaPub. L. 96–597, title I, § 101, Dec. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 3477, provided that: “Notwithstanding any other provision of law and subject to valid existing rights, all right, title, and interest of the Government of the United States in personal property situated in American Samoa shall be transferred, without reimbursement, to the American Samoa government on October 1, 1981, unless the agency of the Government of the United States having administrative responsibility for the property advises the Secretary of the Interior in writing before the date of transfer that it has a continuing requirement for such property.”
+
+Transfer of Certain Property to Government of American SamoaPub. L. 87–158, Aug. 17, 1961, 75 Stat. 392, authorized the Secretary of the Navy to transfer, without reimbursement or transfer of funds, to the government of American Samoa, within ninety days after August 17, 1961, title to all property, real and personal, located in American Samoa on that date which was owned by the United States and was within the administrative supervision of the Department of the Navy on such date.
+
+Submerged Lands, Conveyance to TerritoryConveyance of submerged lands to the government of American Samoa, see section 1701 et seq. of this title.
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Ex. Ord. No. 10264. Transfer of Administration of American Samoa Ex. Ord. No. 10264, eff. June 29, 1951, 16 F.R. 6419, provided: 1. The administration of American Samoa is hereby transferred from the Secretary of the Navy to the Secretary of the Interior, such transfer to become effective on July 1, 1951. 2. The Department of the Navy and the Department of the Interior shall proceed with the plans for the transfer of administration of American Samoa as embodied in the above-mentioned memorandum of understanding between the two departments. 3. When the transfer of administration made by this order becomes effective, the Secretary of the Interior shall take such action as may be necessary and appropriate, and in harmony with applicable law, for the administration of civil government in American Samoa. 4. The executive departments and agencies of the Government are authorized and directed to cooperate with the Departments of the Navy and Interior in the effectuation of the provisions of this order. 5. The said Executive order of February 19, 1900 [Ex. Ord. 125–A], is revoked, effective July 1, 1951. Harry S. Truman.
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1662a"
+description: "Repealed. Pub. L. 118–232, § 1, Jan. 4, 2025, 138 Stat. 2834"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "13"
+chapter_name: "EASTERN SAMOA"
+section: "1662a"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1662a"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1662a"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "f315ac9229023652d798081763ef846ba41336cce84144f91b0f3089070f92b3"
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+text_hash: "d305212f6872d63ab3c528e0130e082e1f74671968721310fd282a0a23aaf468"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1662a - Repealed. Pub. L. 118–232, § 1, Jan. 4, 2025, 138 Stat. 2834
+
+## Notes
+
+Section, Pub. L. 98–213, § 12, Dec. 8, 1983, 97 Stat. 1462, provided that amendments or modifications to the constitution of American Samoa, as approved pursuant to Executive Order 10264 as in effect Jan. 1, 1983, could be made only by Congress.
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1663"
+description: "Acknowledgment of deeds"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "13"
+chapter_name: "EASTERN SAMOA"
+section: "1663"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1663"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1663"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "dc34013c644500331ec641d22e2269c6871a33c7196dfc6a5d7f374ae8eff29b"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1663 - Acknowledgment of deeds
+
+## Text
+
+Deeds and other instruments affecting land situate in the District of Columbia or any Territory of the United States may be acknowledged in the islands of Guam and Samoa or in the Canal Zone before any notary public or judge, appointed therein by proper authority, or by any officer therein who has ex officio the powers of a notary public: Provided, That the certificate by such notary in Guam, Samoa, or the Canal Zone, as the case may be, shall be accompanied by the certificate of the governor or acting governor of such place to the effect that the notary taking said acknowledgment was in fact the officer he purported to be; and any deeds or other instruments affecting lands so situate, so acknowledged since the first day of January, 1905, and accompanied by such certificate shall have the same effect as such deeds or other instruments hereafter so acknowledged and certified.
+
+(June 28, 1906, ch. 3585, 34 Stat. 552.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextFor definition of Canal Zone, referred to in text, see section 3602(b) of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.
+
+Codification Section is also classified to section 1421f–1 of this title. Section was formerly classified to sections 1358 and 1432 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1664"
+description: "Repealed. Pub. L. 109–304, § 19, Oct. 6, 2006, 120 Stat. 1710"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "13"
+chapter_name: "EASTERN SAMOA"
+section: "1664"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1664"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1664"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "dfbdcd8a84b46800fcfc3d08507cb2a7b8144b1de62362ebb02f063be69a7133"
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+text_hash: "53ada5d8a22626e84beb5cd4133f40fbee6e85217f67979c70122b65b1c75f36"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1664 - Repealed. Pub. L. 109–304, § 19, Oct. 6, 2006, 120 Stat. 1710
+
+## Notes
+
+Section, act June 14, 1934, ch. 523, 48 Stat. 963, made coastwise shipping laws of United States inapplicable to commerce between the islands of American Samoa or between those islands and other ports under the jurisdiction of the United States. See section 55101 of Title 46, Shipping.
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1665"
+description: "Omitted"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "13"
+chapter_name: "EASTERN SAMOA"
+section: "1665"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1665"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1665"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "02fb05c5572dc9dcd5af54e5d880219683e00f9baf8db35d38376f8e79a31f7a"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "2f9a72ec272e6666d7f55f52cc3186aefc6368ca4cc2b9053a531de2fb9288c2"
+text_hash: "d0cb20aec8ed997a2958408a12de0b8f05bff28536ba9b30ca2d3c35dc9b3432"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1665 - Omitted
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification Section, act Oct. 5, 1992, Pub. L. 102–381, title I, 106 Stat. 1392, which authorized Territorial and local governments of American Samoa to make purchases through General Services Administration, was from the Department of the Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1993, and was not repeated in subsequent appropriation acts. See section 1469e of this title. Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation acts: Nov. 13, 1991, Pub. L. 102–154, title I, 105 Stat. 1007. Nov. 5, 1990, Pub. L. 101–512, title I, 104 Stat. 1932. Oct. 23, 1989, Pub. L. 101–121, title I, 103 Stat. 716. Sept. 27, 1988, Pub. L. 100–446, title I, 102 Stat. 1797. Dec. 22, 1987, Pub. L. 100–202, § 101(g) [title I], 101 Stat. 1329–213, 1329–231. Oct. 18, 1986, Pub. L. 99–500, § 101(h) [title I], 100 Stat. 1783–242, 1783–258, and Oct. 30, 1986, Pub. L. 99–591, § 101(h) [title I], 100 Stat. 3341–242, 3341–258. Dec. 19, 1985, Pub. L. 99–190, § 101(d) [title I], 99 Stat. 1224, 1238. Oct. 12, 1984, Pub. L. 98–473, title I, § 101(c) [title I], 98 Stat. 1837, 1851. Nov. 4, 1983, Pub. L. 98–146, title I, 97 Stat. 931. Dec. 30, 1982, Pub. L. 97–394, title I, 96 Stat. 1979. Dec. 23, 1981, Pub. L. 97–100, title I, 95 Stat. 1401. Dec. 12, 1980, Pub. L. 96–514, title I, 94 Stat. 2969. Nov. 27, 1979, Pub. L. 96–126, title I, 93 Stat. 965. Oct. 17, 1978, Pub. L. 95–465, title I, 92 Stat. 1289. July 26, 1977, Pub. L. 95–74, title I, 91 Stat. 295. July 31, 1976, Pub. L. 94–373, title I, 90 Stat. 1052. Dec. 23, 1975, Pub. L. 94–165, title I, 89 Stat. 987. Aug. 31, 1974, Pub. L. 93–404, title I, 88 Stat. 812. Oct. 4, 1973, Pub. L. 93–120, title I, 87 Stat. 433. Aug. 10, 1972, Pub. L. 92–369, title I, 86 Stat. 512. Aug. 10, 1971, Pub. L. 92–76, title I, 85 Stat. 233. July 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–361, title I, 84 Stat. 673. Oct. 29, 1969, Pub. L. 91–98, title I, 83 Stat. 151. July 26, 1968, Pub. L. 90–425, title I, 82 Stat. 430. June 24, 1967, Pub. L. 90–28, title I, 81 Stat. 63. May 31, 1966, Pub. L. 89–435, title I, 80 Stat. 174. June 28, 1965, Pub. L. 89–52, title I, 79 Stat. 179. July 7, 1964, Pub. L. 88–356, title I, 78 Stat. 278. July 26, 1963, Pub. L. 88–79, title I, 77 Stat. 102. Aug. 9, 1962, Pub. L. 87–578, title I, 76 Stat. 339. Aug. 3, 1961, Pub. L. 87–122, title I, 75 Stat. 250. May 13, 1960, Pub. L. 86–455, title I, 74 Stat. 112. June 23, 1959, Pub. L. 86–60, title I, 73 Stat. 101. June 4, 1958, Pub. L. 85–439, title I, 72 Stat. 163. July 1, 1957, Pub. L. 85–77, title I, 71 Stat. 265. June 13, 1956, ch. 380, title I, 70 Stat. 265. June 16, 1955, ch. 147, title I, 69 Stat. 149. July 1, 1954, ch. 446, title I, 68 Stat. 372. July 31, 1953, ch. 298, title I, 67 Stat. 273. July 9, 1952, ch. 597, title I, 66 Stat. 457. Aug. 31, 1951, ch. 375, title I, 65 Stat. 263.
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1666"
+description: "Extension of scientific, technical, and other assistance; grant-in-aid program restriction; limitations on expenditures"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "13"
+chapter_name: "EASTERN SAMOA"
+section: "1666"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1666"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1666"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "bdebe1b53af9dc2cd99783f96a842111dc3a3afe58723cef9503067cd530a72d"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1666 - Extension of scientific, technical, and other assistance; grant-in-aid program restriction; limitations on expenditures
+
+## Text
+
+Upon request of the Secretary of the Interior—
+
+(a) the head of any Federal department, agency, or corporation may, notwithstanding any other provision of law, extend to American Samoa, without reimbursement, such scientific, technical, and other assistance under any program which it administers as, in the judgment of the Secretary of the Interior, will promote the welfare of American Samoa. The provisions of the preceding sentence shall not apply to financial assistance under any grant-in-aid program. The Secretary of the Interior shall not request assistance pursuant to this subsection which will involve nonreimbursable costs as estimated for him in advance by the heads of the departments, agencies, and corporations concerned in excess of an aggregate of $150,000 in any one fiscal year;
+
+(b) the Secretary of Agriculture may extend to American Samoa the benefits of the Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act, as amended [42 U.S.C. 1751 et seq.]; and
+
+(c) the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare may extend to American Samoa the benefits of the Vocational Education Act of 1946, the Hospital Survey and Construction Act [42 U.S.C. 291 et seq.], and section 246 of title 42, all as amended.
+
+(Pub. L. 87–688, § 1, Sept. 25, 1962, 76 Stat. 586; Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, § 101(e) [title VII, § 709(a)(7)], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–233, 3009–312; Pub. L. 106–78, title VII, § 752(b)(18), Oct. 22, 1999, 113 Stat. 1170.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThe Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act, as amended, referred to in subsec. (b), is act June 4, 1946, ch. 281, 60 Stat. 230, which is classified generally to chapter 13 (§ 1751 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1751 of Title 42 and Tables. The Vocational Education Act of 1946, referred to in subsec. (c), is act June 8, 1936, ch. 541, 49 Stat. 1488, which was classified to sections 15h to 15q, 15aa to 15jj, and 15aaa to 15ggg of Title 20, Education, and was repealed by section 103 of Pub. L. 90–576, title I, Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1091. See section 2301 et seq. of Title 20. The Hospital Survey and Construction Act, referred to in subsec. (c), is act Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 958, 60 Stat. 1041, which added a title VI to the Public Health Service Act, and was classified to subchapter IV (§ 291 et seq.) of chapter 6A of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. Such title VI was amended generally by Pub. L. 88–443, § 3(a) Aug. 18, 1964, 78 Stat. 447. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.
+
+Amendments1999—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 106–78 substituted “Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act” for “National School Lunch Act”. 1996—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104–208 struck out “the Library Services Act,” after “the Vocational Education Act of 1946,”.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Transfer of Functions For transfer of functions and offices (relating to education) of Secretary and Department of Health, Education, and Welfare to Secretary and Department of Education, and termination of certain offices and positions and redesignation of Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare as Secretary of Health and Human Services, see sections 3441, 3503, and 3508 of Title 20, Education.
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1667"
+description: "Repealed. Pub. L. 90–576, title I, § 103, Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1091"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "13"
+chapter_name: "EASTERN SAMOA"
+section: "1667"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1667"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1667"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "e9d2d75eafcfdefe18fe7dd6d03053e9b4164c3ca5b0bf72a010a462e34faa6d"
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+text_hash: "2cffa0b6696bfe212e8fd815fa0e0a1a03fef890d507a7e37aa99ae860726475"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1667 - Repealed. Pub. L. 90–576, title I, § 103, Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1091
+
+## Notes
+
+Section, Pub. L. 87–688, § 2, Sept. 25, 1962, 76 Stat. 586, extended to American Samoa the benefits of the Vocational Education Act of 1946 and authorized an annual appropriation of $80,000 therefor.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of RepealPub. L. 90–576, title I, § 103, Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1091, provided that the repeal of this section is effective July 1, 1969.
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1668"
+description: "Reporting duties of Governor and transfer of functions from government comptroller for American Samoa to Inspector General, Department of the Interior"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "13"
+chapter_name: "EASTERN SAMOA"
+section: "1668"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1668"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1668"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "20708f5b649a27bd1f564f9b7a3741d825318258c81de3bc8a9a8e9931456b76"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1668 - Reporting duties of Governor and transfer of functions from government comptroller for American Samoa to Inspector General, Department of the Interior
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Comprehensive annual financial report; contents; other reports The Governor of American Samoa shall prepare, publish, and submit to the Congress and the Secretary of the Interior a comprehensive annual financial report in conformance with the standards of the National Council on Governmental Accounting within one hundred and twenty days after the close of the fiscal year. The comprehensive annual financial report shall include statistical data as set forth in the standards of the National Council of Governmental Accounting relating to the physical, economic, social, and political characteristics of the government, and any other information required by the Congress. The Governor shall also make such other reports at such other times as may be required by the Congress or under applicable Federal law.
+
+(b) Functions, powers, and duties transferred The following functions, powers, and duties heretofore vested in the government comptroller for American Samoa are hereby transferred to the Inspector General, Department of the Interior, for the purpose of establishing an organization which will maintain a satisfactory level of independent audit oversight of the government of American Samoa:
+
+(1) The authority to audit all accounts pertaining to the revenue and receipts of the government of American Samoa, and of funds derived from bond issues, and the authority to audit, in accordance with law and administrative regulations, all expenditures of funds and property pertaining to the government of American Samoa including those pertaining to trust funds held by the government of American Samoa.
+
+(2) The authority to report to the Secretary of the Interior and the Governor of American Samoa all failures to collect amounts due the government, and expenditures of funds or uses or property which are irregular or not pursuant to law.
+
+(c) Scope of authority transferred The authority granted in paragraph (b) shall extend to all activities of the government of American Samoa, and shall be in addition to the authority conferred upon the Inspector General by chapter 4 of title 5.
+
+(d) Transfer of personnel, assets, etc., of office of government comptroller for American Samoa to Office of Inspector General, Department of the Interior In order to carry out the provisions of this section, the personnel, assets, liabilities, contracts, property, records, and unexpended balances of appropriations, authorizations, allocations, and other funds employed, held, used, arising from, available or to be made available, of the office of the government comptroller for American Samoa relating to its audit function are hereby transferred to the Office of Inspector General, Department of the Interior.
+
+(Pub. L. 96–205, title V, § 501, as added Pub. L. 97–357, title IV, § 402, Oct. 19, 1982, 96 Stat. 1711; amended Pub. L. 105–362, title IX, § 901(o), Nov. 10, 1998, 112 Stat. 3291; Pub. L. 117–286, § 4(b)(93), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4352.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Prior ProvisionsA prior section 1668, Pub. L. 96–205, title V, § 501, Mar. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 90, mandated payment of salary and expenses of the government comptroller for American Samoa from funds appropriated to the Department of the Interior, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 97–357, § 402.
+
+Amendments2022—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 117–286 substituted “chapter 4 of title 5.” for “the Inspector General Act of 1978 (92 Stat. 1101), as amended.” 1998—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–362 struck out “The Governor shall transmit the comprehensive annual financial report to the Inspector General of the Department of the Interior who shall audit it and report his findings to the Congress.” after “other information required by the Congress.” and “He shall also submit to the Congress, the Secretary of the Interior, and the cognizant Federal auditors a written statement of actions taken or contemplated on Federal audit recommendations within sixty days after the issuance date of the audit report.” after “under applicable Federal law.”
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Termination of Reporting RequirementsFor termination, effective May 15, 2000, of provisions in the 1st sentence of subsec. (a) of this section relating to the requirement that the Governor submit a comprehensive annual financial report to Congress, see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and the 14th item on page 115 of House Document No. 103–7.
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1669"
+description: "Administration and enforcement of collection of customs duties; employment and training of residents"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "13"
+chapter_name: "EASTERN SAMOA"
+section: "1669"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1669"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1669"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "69327656c87b3d550a4868e64bc388036f79312405bb713ba7322244a6ad79f2"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1669 - Administration and enforcement of collection of customs duties; employment and training of residents
+
+## Text
+
+The Secretary of the Treasury shall, upon the request of the Governor of American Samoa, administer and enforce the collection of all customs duties derived from American Samoa, without cost to the government of American Samoa. The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Governor of American Samoa, shall make every effort to employ and train the residents of American Samoa to carry out the provisions of this section. The administration and enforcement of this section shall commence October 1, 1980.
+
+(Pub. L. 96–205, title V, § 502, Mar. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 90.)
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1670"
+description: "Industrial development bonds"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "13"
+chapter_name: "EASTERN SAMOA"
+section: "1670"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1670"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1670"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "da9560bd19e2467a464a7bd01504d5580763a93ea9d1a6894255e1b40bb9c662"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1670 - Industrial development bonds
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Issuance The legislature of the government of American Samoa may cause to be issued after September 20, 1984, industrial development bonds (within the meaning of section 103(b)(2) 11 See References in Text note below. of title 26).
+
+(b) Exemption of all bonds from income taxation by State and local governments (1) In general The interest on any bond or other obligation issued by or on behalf of the Government of American Samoa shall be exempt from taxation by the Government of American Samoa and the governments of any of the several States, the District of Columbia, any territory or possession of the United States, and any subdivision thereof.
+
+(2) Exemption applicable only to income taxes The exemption provided by paragraph (1) shall not apply to gift, estate, inheritance, legacy, succession, or other wealth transfer taxes.
+
+(c) Cross reference For exclusion of interest for purposes of Federal income taxation, see section 103 of title 26.
+
+(Pub. L. 98–454, title II, § 202, Oct. 5, 1984, 98 Stat. 1733; Pub. L. 99–514, § 2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095; Pub. L. 108–326, § 1(a), Oct. 16, 2004, 118 Stat. 1270.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextSection 103, referred to in subsec. (a), which related to interest on certain governmental obligations was amended generally by Pub. L. 99–514, title XIII, § 1301(a), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2602, and as so amended relates to interest on State and local bonds. Section 103(b)(2), which prior to the general amendment defined industrial development bond, relates to the applicability of the interest exclusion to arbitrage bonds.
+
+Amendments2004—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 108–326 amended heading and text generally, substituting provisions relating to exemption of all bonds from income taxation by State and local governments for provisions relating to exemption from taxation and definition of State. 1986—Subsecs. (a), (c). Pub. L. 99–514 substituted “Internal Revenue Code of 1986” for “Internal Revenue Code of 1954”, which for purposes of codification was translated as “title 26” thus requiring no change in text.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 2004 AmendmentPub. L. 108–326, § 2, Oct. 16, 2004, 118 Stat. 1270, provided that: “This Act [amending this section] shall apply to obligations issued after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 16, 2004].”
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1681"
+description: "Continuance of civil government for Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands; assistance programs; maximum fiscal year costs; reimbursement"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "14"
+chapter_name: "TRUST TERRITORY OF THE PACIFIC ISLANDS"
+section: "1681"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1681"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1681"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "afd5f47663a6fdcdd1530c1646343797648c44ec0464bc9add9cf680bc37739c"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1681 - Continuance of civil government for Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands; assistance programs; maximum fiscal year costs; reimbursement
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Until Congress shall further provide for the government of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, all executive, legislative, and judicial authority necessary for the civil administration of the Trust Territory shall continue to be vested in such person or persons and shall be exercised in such manner and through such agency or agencies as the President of the United States may direct or authorize.
+
+(b) The head of any department, corporation, or other agency of the executive branch of the Government may, upon the request of the Secretary of the Interior, extend to the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, with or without reimbursement, scientific, technical, and other assistance under any program administered by such agency, or extend to the Trust Territory any Federal program administered by such agency, if the assistance or program will promote the welfare of the Trust Territory, notwithstanding any provision of law under which the Trust Territory may otherwise be ineligible for the assistance or program: Provided, That the Secretary of the Interior shall not request assistance pursuant to this subsection that involves, in the aggregate, an estimated nonreimbursable cost in any one fiscal year in excess of $150,000: Provided further, That the cost of any program extended to the Trust Territory under this subsection shall be reimbursable out of appropriations authorized and made for the government of the Trust Territory pursuant to section 2 of this Act, as amended. The provisions of this subsection shall not apply to financial assistance under a grant-in-aid program.
+
+(June 30, 1954, ch. 423, § 1, 68 Stat. 330; Pub. L. 88–487, § 1, Aug. 22, 1964, 78 Stat. 601.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextSection 2 of this Act, referred to in subsec. (b), means section 2 of act June 30, 1954, set out as a note below.
+
+Codification Section was formerly classified to section 1435 of this title.
+
+Amendments1964—Pub. L. 88–487 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsec. (b).
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Notes TransferredFor provisions relating to the Northern Mariana Islands, formerly set out as notes under this section, see chapter 17 (§ 1801 et seq.) of this title. For provisions relating to the Federated States of Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, and Palau, formerly set out as notes under this section, see chapter 18 (§ 1901 et seq.) of this title.
+
+Similar ProvisionsSimilar provisions continuing the civil government for the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands until June 30, 1954, were contained in act Aug. 8, 1953, ch. 383, §§ 1, 2, 67 Stat. 494, 495.
+
+Authorization of AppropriationsPub. L. 87–541, July 19, 1962, 76 Stat. 171, provided in part that not more than $15,000,000 be authorized to be appropriated for the fiscal year 1963. Section 2 of act June 30, 1954, as amended July 19, 1962, Pub. L. 87–541, 76 Stat. 171; May 10, 1967, Pub. L. 90–16, § 1, 81 Stat. 15; Oct. 21, 1968, Pub. L. 90–617, § 1, 82 Stat. 1213; Dec. 24, 1970, Pub. L. 91–578, 84 Stat. 1559; Sept. 21, 1973, Pub. L. 93–111, § 1, 87 Stat. 354; May 28, 1975, Pub. L. 94–27, § 1, 89 Stat. 95; Apr. 1, 1976, Pub. L. 94–255, § 1, 90 Stat. 299; Oct. 15, 1977, Pub. L. 95–134, title I, § 101, 91 Stat. 1159; Mar. 12, 1980, Pub. L. 96–205, title I, § 101, 94 Stat. 84; Dec. 24, 1980, Pub. L. 96–597, title IV, § 401, 94 Stat. 3478, provided that: “There are authorized to be appropriated not to exceed $25,000,000 for fiscal year 1967, for fiscal year 1975, $75,000,000 for fiscal year 1976, $80,000,000; for the period beginning July 1, 1976, and ending September 30, 1976, $15,100,000; for fiscal year 1977, $80,000,000; and such amounts as were authorized but not appropriated for fiscal years 1975, 1976, and 1977; for fiscal year 1978, $90,000,000; for fiscal year 1979, $122,700,000; for fiscal year 1980, $112,000,000; for fiscal years after fiscal year 1980, such sums as may be necessary, including, but not limited to, sums needed for completion of the capital improvement program; for a basic communications system; for a feasibility study and construction of a hydroelectric project on Ponape; for expenditure by grant or contract for the installation, operation, and maintenance of communications systems which will provide internal and external communications; and up to but not to exceed $8,000,000 for the construction of such buildings as are required for a four-year college to serve the Micronesian community (no appropriations for the construction of such buildings shall, however, be made (A) until, but not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act [Apr. 1, 1976], the President causes a study to be made by an appropriate authority to determine the educational need and the most suitable educational concept for such a college and transmits such study, together with his recommendations, to the Committees on Interior and Insular Affairs of the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States within said one year period and (B) until 90 calendar days after the receipt of such study and recommendations which shall be deemed approved unless specifically disapproved by resolution of either such committee), and $1,800,000 for a human development project in the Marshall Islands plus such sums as are necessary, for each of such fiscal years, or periods, to offset reductions in, or the termination of, Federal grant-in-aid programs or other funds made available to the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands by other Federal agencies, to remain available until expended, to carry out the provisions of this Act [this section] and to provide for a program of necessary capital improvements and public works related to health, education, utilities, highways, transportation facilities, communications, and public buildings: Provided, That except for funds appropriated for the activities of the Peace Corps no funds appropriated by any Act shall be used for administration of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands except as may be specifically authorized by law.”
+
+Inventory and Study of Most Unique and Significant Natural, Historical, etc., Resources of Trust Territory of the Pacific IslandsPub. L. 97–357, title II, § 205, Oct. 19, 1982, 96 Stat. 1708, directed Secretary of the Interior to conduct a comprehensive inventory and study of the most unique and significant natural, historical, cultural and recreational resources of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands with objective of preservation of their values and their careful use and appreciation by the public, along with a determination of their potential for attracting tourism, further provided that such inventory and study was to be conducted in full cooperation and consultation with affected governmental officials and the interested public, and was to identify areas or sites which qualified to be listed on Registry of Natural Landmarks and National Register of Historic Places, and further provided that a full report on such inventory and study was to be transmitted to the respectively involved governments and Congress no later than two complete calendar years after Oct. 19, 1982.
+
+Establishment of Permanent Location for Displaced People of Bikini Island; Progress Report to Congress; ContentsPub. L. 95–348, § 2(c), Aug. 18, 1978, 92 Stat. 488, directed Secretary of the Interior to prepare and submit to Congress by July 1, 1979, a progress report on efforts to establish a permanent location for displaced people of Bikini Island.
+
+Disaster ReliefSection 3 of act June 30, 1954, ch. 423, as added Pub. L. 90–617, § 2, Oct. 21, 1968, 82 Stat. 1213, and amended Pub. L. 91–606, title III, § 301(k), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1759; Pub. L. 93–288, title VII, § 702(k), formerly title VI, § 602(k), May 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 164, renumbered Pub. L. 103–337, div. C, title XXXIV, § 3411(a)(1), (2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3100; Pub. L. 100–707, title I, § 109(w), Nov. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 4710, provided that: “There are hereby authorized to be appropriated such sums as the Secretary of the Interior may find necessary, but not to exceed $10,000,000 for any one year, to alleviate suffering and damage resulting from major disasters that occur in the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. Such sums shall be in addition to those authorized in section 2 of this Act [set out as a note above] and shall not be subject to the limitations imposed by section 2 of this Act. The Secretary of the Interior shall determine whether or not a major disaster has occurred in accordance with the principles and policies of sections 102(2) and 401 of the [Robert T. Stafford] Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act [42 U.S.C. 5122(2), 5170].”
+
+Island Trading Company of MicronesiaAct Aug. 8, 1953, ch. 383, § 3, 67 Stat. 495, provided that notwithstanding the provisions of the Interior Department Appropriation Act, 1953 (Pub. L. 470, ch. 597, 66 Stat. 445), the Island Trading Company of Micronesia not have succession after Dec. 31, 1954.
+
+Authorizing Approval of Trusteeship Agreement for the Territory of the Pacific IslandsAct July 18, 1947, ch. 271, 61 Stat. 397, authorized President to approve, on behalf of the United States, the trusteeship agreement between the United States and the Security Council of the United Nations for the former Japanese mandated islands (to be known as the Territory of the Pacific Islands) which was approved by the Security Council on Apr. 2, 1947.
+
+Executive Documents
+
+Executive Order No. 10265 Ex. Ord. No. 10265, eff. June 29, 1951, 16 F.R. 6419, which related to transfer of administration of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, was superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 11021, eff. May 8, 1962, 27 F.R. 4409, formerly set out below.
+
+Executive Order No. 11021 Ex. Ord. No. 11021, eff. May 7, 1962, 27 F.R. 4409, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 11944, eff. Oct. 25, 1976, 41 F.R. 47215, which related to administration of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, was superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 12569, Oct. 16, 1986, 51 F.R. 37171, set out as a note under section 1901 of this title.
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1681a"
+description: "Appointment of High Commissioner"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "14"
+chapter_name: "TRUST TERRITORY OF THE PACIFIC ISLANDS"
+section: "1681a"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1681a"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1681a"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1681a - Appointment of High Commissioner
+
+## Text
+
+Any appointment made on or after May 10, 1967, to the office of the High Commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands shall be made by the President by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.
+
+(Pub. L. 90–16, § 2, May 10, 1967, 81 Stat. 15.)
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1681b"
+description: "Transfer of functions from government comptroller for Guam to Inspector General, Department of the Interior"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "14"
+chapter_name: "TRUST TERRITORY OF THE PACIFIC ISLANDS"
+section: "1681b"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1681b"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1681b"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "50fa77bddc0c5e61ba1f3590c69fa4af621515f36b96fc778658640a4e576c0e"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1681b - Transfer of functions from government comptroller for Guam to Inspector General, Department of the Interior
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Functions, powers, and duties transferred The following functions, powers, and duties heretofore vested in the government comptroller for Guam with respect to the government of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands and the government of the Northern Mariana Islands are hereby transferred to the Inspector General, Department of the Interior, for the purpose of establishing an organization which will maintain a satisfactory level of independent audit oversight of the governments of the Marshall Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, Palau, and the Northern Mariana Islands:
+
+(1) The authority to audit all accounts pertaining to the revenue and receipts of the governments of the Marshall Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, Palau, and the Northern Mariana Islands, and of funds derived from bond issues, and the authority to audit, in accordance with law and administrative regulations, all expenditures of funds and property pertaining to the aforementioned governments including those pertaining to trust funds held by such governments.
+
+(2) The authority to report to the Secretary of the Interior, the High Commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, the chief executives of the governments of the Marshall Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, Palau, and the Northern Mariana Islands all failures to collect amounts due the governments, and expenditures of funds or uses of property which are irregular or not pursuant to law.
+
+(b) Scope of authority transferred The authority granted in paragraph (a) shall extend to all activities of the governments of the Marshall Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, Palau, and the Northern Mariana Islands, and shall be in addition to the authority conferred upon the Inspector General by chapter 4 of title 5. This section is not subject to termination under section 502(a)(3) of the Covenant to Establish a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands in Political Union with the United States of America (90 Stat. 263, 268).
+
+(c) Transfer of personnel, assets, etc., of office of government comptroller for Guam to Office of Inspector General, Department of the Interior In order to carry out the provisions of this section, the personnel, assets, liabilities, contracts, property, records, and unexpended balances of appropriations, authorizations, allocations, and other funds employed, held, used, arising from, available or to be made available, of the office of the government comptroller for Guam related to its audit function, with respect to the government of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands and the government of the Northern Mariana Islands are hereby transferred to the Office of Inspector General, Department of the Interior.
+
+(June 30, 1954, ch. 423, § 4, as added Pub. L. 97–357, title II, § 203(b), Oct. 19, 1982, 96 Stat. 1707; amended Pub. L. 117–286, § 4(b)(94), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4352.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextSection 502(a)(3) of the Covenant to Establish a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands in Political Union with the United States of America, referred to in subsec. (b), is contained in section 1 of Pub. L. 94–241, set out as a note under section 1801 of this title.
+
+Prior ProvisionsA prior section 1681b, acts June 30, 1954, ch. 423, § 4, as added Sept. 21, 1973, Pub. L. 93–111, § 2, 87 Stat. 354; amended Oct. 15, 1977, Pub. L. 95–134, title II, § 203(b), 91 Stat. 1162; Mar. 12, 1980, Pub. L. 96–205, title II, § 201(b), 94 Stat. 85, related to duties of government comptroller for Guam in addition to those imposed by Organic Act of Guam, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 97–357, § 203(b).
+
+Amendments2022—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 117–286 substituted “chapter 4 of title 5.” for “the Inspector General Act of 1978 (92 Stat. 1101), as amended.”
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1681c"
+description: "Repealed. Pub. L. 97–357, title II, § 203(d), Oct. 19, 1982, 96 Stat. 1708"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "14"
+chapter_name: "TRUST TERRITORY OF THE PACIFIC ISLANDS"
+section: "1681c"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1681c"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1681c"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "9d8fad681bad7bfdd09253b3d4c9b0bdd6008e6d5e199529fbbc6e783542c35f"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1681c - Repealed. Pub. L. 97–357, title II, § 203(d), Oct. 19, 1982, 96 Stat. 1708
+
+## Notes
+
+Section, Pub. L. 96–205, title II, § 201(a), Mar. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 85, related to the payment of the salary and expenses of the government comptroller for the Northern Mariana Islands from funds appropriated to the Department of the Interior.
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1682"
+description: "Omitted"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "14"
+chapter_name: "TRUST TERRITORY OF THE PACIFIC ISLANDS"
+section: "1682"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1682"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1682"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "a44ef03393026bb8fb75a39e05107083b56f70e3b7ed45eda4c863612da16670"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1682 - Omitted
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification Section, act Oct. 5, 1992, Pub. L. 102–381, title I, 106 Stat. 1393, which authorized government of Trust Territory of Pacific Islands to make purchases through General Services Administration, was from the Department of the Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1993, and was not repeated in subsequent appropriation acts. See section 1469e of this title. Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation acts: Nov. 13, 1991, Pub. L. 102–154, title I, 105 Stat. 1008. Nov. 5, 1990, Pub. L. 101–512, title I, 104 Stat. 1933. Oct. 23, 1989, Pub. L. 101–121, title I, 103 Stat. 717. Sept. 27, 1988, Pub. L. 100–446, title I, 102 Stat. 1797. Dec. 22, 1987, Pub. L. 100–202, § 101(g) [title I], 101 Stat. 1329–213, 1329–232. Oct. 18, 1986, Pub. L. 99–500, § 101(h) [title I], 100 Stat. 1783–242, 1783–258, and Oct. 30, 1986, Pub. L. 99–591, § 101(h) [title I], 100 Stat. 3341–242, 3341–259. Dec. 19, 1985, Pub. L. 99–190, § 101(d) [title I], 99 Stat. 1224, 1239. Oct. 12, 1984, Pub. L. 98–473, title I, § 101(c) [title I], 98 Stat. 1837, 1851. Nov. 4, 1983, Pub. L. 98–146, title I, 97 Stat. 932. Dec. 30, 1982, Pub. L. 97–394, title I, 96 Stat. 1979. Dec. 23, 1981, Pub. L. 97–100, title I, 95 Stat. 1402. Dec. 12, 1980, Pub. L. 96–514, title I, 94 Stat. 2969. Nov. 27, 1979, Pub. L. 96–126, title I, 93 Stat. 966. Oct. 17, 1978, Pub. L. 95–465, title I, 92 Stat. 1289. July 26, 1977, Pub. L. 95–74, title I, 91 Stat. 295. July 31, 1976, Pub. L. 94–373, title I, 90 Stat. 1053. Dec. 23, 1975, Pub. L. 94–165, title I, 89 Stat. 988. Aug. 31, 1974, Pub. L. 93–404, title I, 88 Stat. 813. Oct. 4, 1973, Pub. L. 93–120, title I, 87 Stat. 434. Aug. 10, 1972, Pub. L. 92–369, title I, 86 Stat. 513. Aug. 10, 1971, Pub. L. 92–76, title I, 85 Stat. 233. July 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–361, title I, 84 Stat. 673. Oct. 29, 1969, Pub. L. 91–98, title I, 83 Stat. 152. July 26, 1968, Pub. L. 90–425, title I, 82 Stat. 430. June 24, 1967, Pub. L. 90–28, title I, 81 Stat. 63. May 31, 1966, Pub. L. 89–435, title I, 80 Stat. 174. June 28, 1965, Pub. L. 89–52, title I, 79 Stat. 179. July 7, 1964, Pub. L. 88–356, title I, 78 Stat. 278. July 26, 1963, Pub. L. 88–79, title I, 77 Stat. 102. Aug. 9, 1962, Pub. L. 87–578, title I, 76 Stat. 340. Aug. 3, 1961, Pub. L. 87–122, title I, 75 Stat. 251. May 13, 1960, Pub. L. 86–455, title I, 74 Stat. 112. June 23, 1959, Pub. L. 86–60, title I, 73 Stat. 101. June 4, 1958, Pub. L. 85–439, title I, 72 Stat. 164. July 1, 1957, Pub. L. 85–77, title I, 71 Stat. 266. June 13, 1956, ch. 380, title I, 70 Stat. 265. June 16, 1955, ch. 147, title I, 69 Stat. 149. July 1, 1954, ch. 446, title I, 68 Stat. 372. July 31, 1953, ch. 298, title I, 67 Stat. 273. July 9, 1952, ch. 597, title I, 66 Stat. 458. Aug. 31, 1951, ch. 375, title I, 65 Stat. 263.
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1683"
+description: "Auditing of transactions of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "14"
+chapter_name: "TRUST TERRITORY OF THE PACIFIC ISLANDS"
+section: "1683"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1683"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1683"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "9b29d4bacc6126dcc075dfee1cea07b4713c676f3993b5dd682f8db7469aad7c"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1683 - Auditing of transactions of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
+
+## Text
+
+All financial transactions of the Trust Territory, including such transactions of all agencies or instrumentalities established or utilized by such Trust Territory, may be audited by the Government Accountability Office, at its discretion, in accordance with chapter 35 of title 31.
+
+(Pub. L. 103–332, title I, Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2516; Pub. L. 108–271, § 8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification Section is from the appropriation act cited as the credit to this section. Section was formerly classified to section 1436 of this title.
+
+Prior ProvisionsSimilar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation acts: Pub. L. 103–138, title I, Nov. 11, 1993, 107 Stat. 1395. Pub. L. 102–381, title I, Oct. 5, 1992, 106 Stat. 1393. Pub. L. 102–154, title I, Nov. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1008. Pub. L. 101–512, title I, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1933. Pub. L. 101–121, title I, Oct. 23, 1989, 103 Stat. 717. Pub. L. 100–446, title I, Sept. 27, 1988, 102 Stat. 1797. Pub. L. 100–202, § 101(g) [title I], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–213, 1329–232. Pub. L. 99–500, § 101(h) [title I], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–242, 1783–258, and Pub. L. 99–591, § 101(h) [title I], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–242, 3341–259. Pub. L. 99–190, § 101(d) [title I], Dec. 19, 1985, 99 Stat. 1224, 1239. Pub. L. 98–473, title I, § 101(c) [title I], Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 1837, 1851. Pub. L. 98–146, title I, Nov. 4, 1983, 97 Stat. 932. Pub. L. 97–394, title I, Dec. 30, 1982, 96 Stat. 1979. Pub. L. 97–100, title I, Dec. 23, 1981, 95 Stat. 1402. Pub. L. 96–514, title I, Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2969. Pub. L. 96–126, title I, Nov. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 966. Pub. L. 95–465, title I, Oct. 17, 1978, 92 Stat. 1289. Pub. L. 95–74, title I, July 26, 1977, 91 Stat. 295. Pub. L. 94–373, title I, July 31, 1976, 90 Stat. 1053. Pub. L. 94–165, title I, Dec. 23, 1975, 89 Stat. 988. Pub. L. 93–404, title I, Aug. 31, 1974, 88 Stat. 813. Pub. L. 93–120, title I, Oct. 4, 1973, 87 Stat. 434. Pub. L. 92–369, title I, Aug. 10, 1972, 86 Stat. 513. Pub. L. 92–76, title I, Aug. 10, 1971, 85 Stat. 233. Pub. L. 91–361, title I, July 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 673. Pub. L. 91–98, title I, Oct. 29, 1969, 83 Stat. 151. Pub. L. 90–425, title I, July 26, 1968, 82 Stat. 430. Pub. L. 90–28, title I, June 24, 1967, 81 Stat. 63. Pub. L. 89–435, title I, May 31, 1966, 80 Stat. 174. Pub. L. 89–52, title I, June 28, 1965, 79 Stat. 179. Pub. L. 88–356, title I, July 7, 1964, 78 Stat. 278. Pub. L. 88–79, title I, July 26, 1963, 77 Stat. 102. Pub. L. 87–578, title I, Aug. 9, 1962, 76 Stat. 340. Pub. L. 87–122, title I, Aug. 3, 1961, 75 Stat. 251. Pub. L. 86–455, title I, May 13, 1960, 74 Stat. 112. Pub. L. 86–60, title I, June 23, 1959, 73 Stat. 101. Pub. L. 85–439, title I, June 4, 1958, 72 Stat. 164. Pub. L. 85–77, title I, July 1, 1957, 71 Stat. 266. June 13, 1956, ch. 380, title I, 70 Stat. 265. June 16, 1955, ch. 147, title I, 69 Stat. 149. July 1, 1954, ch. 446, title I, 68 Stat. 372. July 31, 1953, ch. 298, title I, 67 Stat. 273. July 9, 1952, ch. 597, title I, 66 Stat. 458.
+
+Amendments2004—Pub. L. 108–271 substituted “Government Accountability Office” for “General Accounting Office”.
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "48 U.S.C. § 1684"
+description: "Expenditure of funds for administration of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 48
+title_name: "TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS"
+chapter_number: "14"
+chapter_name: "TRUST TERRITORY OF THE PACIFIC ISLANDS"
+section: "1684"
+citation: "48 U.S.C. § 1684"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc48@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t48/s1684"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-48/usc48.xml"
+source_hash: "624610a701aabcaa515ecaf2d1f11a597c97facd01e02a100f52122f75482e54"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "2f9a72ec272e6666d7f55f52cc3186aefc6368ca4cc2b9053a531de2fb9288c2"
+text_hash: "caa0033eea9ccc31574ecd93ee28beec8e3d2bcc54c99dc91869f0cae3fd41a1"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 48 U.S.C. § 1684 - Expenditure of funds for administration of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
+
+## Text
+
+After June 30, 1954, no funds appropriated by any Act and no funds which are available or which may become available from any source whatever shall be used for administration of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, except as may be specifically authorized by law.
+
+(July 31, 1953, ch. 298, title I, 67 Stat. 273.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification Section was formerly classified to section 1437 of this title. Section is from the Interior Department Appropriation Act, 1954, act July 31, 1953.
+
+Prior ProvisionsSimilar provisions were contained in the Interior Department Appropriation Act, 1953, act July 9, 1952, ch. 597, title I, 66 Stat. 458.
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More