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Legal corpus: the complete U.S. Code (59,740 sections, all 53 titles)

Browse Source 
Ingested titles 12–51 and 54 from OLRC USLM XML @119-100 (the whole Code
now, uniform edition; Title 53 is reserved/empty). LegalText 11,221 ->
59,740; repo total 105,704 records. Deterministic (byte-identical rerun,
verified on Title 42's 8,356 sections); make check green. make
legal-us-code default now covers every title.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Fabio
2026-07-06 10:51:44 -04:00
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legal/us/code/title-49/chapter-207/section-20701.md
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---
type: "LegalText"
title: "49 U.S.C. § 20701"
description: "Requirements for use"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 49
title_name: "TRANSPORTATION"
chapter_number: "207"
chapter_name: "LOCOMOTIVES"
section: "20701"
citation: "49 U.S.C. § 20701"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc49@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t49/s20701"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-49/usc49.xml"
source_hash: "f3a8811d7b75a75d66fe4dcf0b31cfb1cd85c50efcb01ed6e8f37502cd1af96a"
raw_snapshot_hash: "0786acdd244d8f42c5a8e8ed1ec2a8dcb47dd0e02a286752710a20745702a4fb"
text_hash: "657941b38eb6f6fc13389cb449e0f957d6b1c8903990f51bd1df70201acefaa9"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 49 U.S.C. § 20701 - Requirements for use
## Text
A railroad carrier may use or allow to be used a locomotive or tender on its railroad line only when the locomotive or tender and its parts and appurtenances—
(1) are in proper condition and safe to operate without unnecessary danger of personal injury;
(2) have been inspected as required under this chapter and regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Transportation under this chapter; and
(3) can withstand every test prescribed by the Secretary under this chapter.
(Pub. L. 103–272, § 1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 885.)
## Notes
Historical and Revision Notes RevisedSectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large) 2070145:23.Feb. 17, 1911, ch. 103, § 2, 36 Stat. 913; Mar. 4, 1915, ch. 169, § 1, 38 Stat. 1192; restated June 7, 1924, ch. 355, § 2, 43 Stat. 659; June 22, 1988, Pub. L. 100–342, § 14(2), 102 Stat. 632.  45:30 (1st sentence related to 45:23).Mar. 4, 1915, ch. 169, § 2 (1st sentence related to § 2 of Act of Feb. 17, 1911), 38 Stat. 1192; Apr. 22, 1940, ch. 124, § 2, 54 Stat. 148.  49 App.:1655(e)(1)(E), (F).Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, § 6(e)(1)(E), (F), 80 Stat. 939. In this section, before clause (1), the words “locomotive or tender . . . locomotive or tender and its parts and appurtenances” are substituted for “locomotive . . . locomotive, its boiler, tender, and all parts and appurtenances thereof” in 45:23 and “the provision of sections 22 to 29 . . . of this title as to the equipment of locomotives shall apply to and include the entire locomotive and tender and all their parts with the same force and effect as it applies to locomotive boilers and their appurtenances” in 45:30 for clarity and because of the restatement. In clause (1), the words “in the service to which the same are put” and “in the active service of such railroad” in 45:23 are omitted as surplus. The words “danger of personal injury” are substituted for “peril to life or limb” for clarity and consistency in this part. In clause (2), the words “from time to time” are omitted as surplus. The words “as required under this chapter and regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Transportation under this chapter” are substituted for “in accordance with the provisions of sections 22 to 29 and 31 to 34 of this title” for clarity and consistency. In clause (3), the words “prescribed by the Secretary under this chapter” are substituted for “prescribed in the rules and regulations hereinafter provided for” for clarity and because of the restatement.
legal/us/code/title-49/chapter-207/section-20702.md
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legal/us/code/title-49/chapter-207/section-20703.md
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---
type: "LegalText"
title: "49 U.S.C. § 20703"
description: "Accident reports and investigations"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 49
title_name: "TRANSPORTATION"
chapter_number: "207"
chapter_name: "LOCOMOTIVES"
section: "20703"
citation: "49 U.S.C. § 20703"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc49@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t49/s20703"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-49/usc49.xml"
source_hash: "96aea518174ee26c336fdfe24857207897c86938bb980f46055e306512fd2758"
raw_snapshot_hash: "0786acdd244d8f42c5a8e8ed1ec2a8dcb47dd0e02a286752710a20745702a4fb"
text_hash: "2e7e6639ffaf00924428eba68a5c57adf0ca02a5cd619bcae713f0addd8fda44"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 49 U.S.C. § 20703 - Accident reports and investigations
## Text
(a) Accident Reports and Scene Preservation.— When the failure of a locomotive, tender, or locomotive or tender part or appurtenance results in an accident or incident causing serious personal injury or death, the railroad carrier owning or operating the locomotive or tender—
(1) immediately shall file with the Secretary of Transportation a written statement of the fact of the accident or incident; and
(2) when the locomotive is disabled to the extent it cannot be operated under its own power, shall preserve intact all parts affected by the accident or incident, if possible without interfering with traffic, until an investigation of the accident or incident is completed.
(b) Investigations.— The Secretary shall—
(1) investigate each accident and incident reported under subsection (a) of this section;
(2) inspect each part affected by the accident or incident; and
(3) make a complete and detailed report on the cause of the accident or incident.
(c) Publication and Use of Investigation Reports.— When the Secretary considers publication to be in the public interest, the Secretary may publish a report of an investigation made under this section, stating the cause of the accident or incident and making appropriate recommendations. No part of a report may be admitted into evidence or used in a civil action for damages resulting from a matter mentioned in the report.
(Pub. L. 103–272, § 1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 886.)
## Notes
Historical and Revision Notes RevisedSectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large) 20703(a)45:30 (1st sentence related to 45:32).Mar. 4, 1915, ch. 169, § 2 (1st sentence related to § 8 of Act of Feb. 17, 1911), 38 Stat. 1192; Apr. 22, 1940, ch. 124, § 2, 54 Stat. 148; Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1965, eff. July 27, 1965, 79 Stat. 1320.  45:32 (1st, 3d sentences).Feb. 17, 1911, ch. 103, § 8, 36 Stat. 916; Apr. 22, 1940, ch. 124, § 1(1)–(3) (related to § 8 of Act of Feb. 17, 1911), 54 Stat. 148; Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1965, eff. July 27, 1965, 79 Stat. 1320; June 22, 1988, Pub. L. 100–342, § 14(6), 102 Stat. 633.  49 App.:1655(e) (1)(E)–(G).Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, § 6(e)(1)(E)–(G), 80 Stat. 939. 20703(b)45:32 (2d, last sentences). 20703(c)45:33.  49 App.:1655(e) (1)(E)–(G). In this section, the words “or incident” and “and incident” are added for consistency in this part. In subsection (a), before clause (1), the words “locomotive, tender, or locomotive or tender part or appurtenance . . . the locomotive or tender” are substituted for “locomotive boiler or its appurtenances . . . said locomotive” in 45:32 and the text of 45:30 (1st sentence related to 45:32) for clarity and because of the restatement. The word “personal” is substituted for “to one or more persons” to eliminate unnecessary words. In clause (1), the word “immediately” is substituted for “forthwith” for consistency in this chapter. In clause (2), the words “operated under its own power” are substituted for “cannot be run by its own steam” for clarity. The words “hindrance or” are omitted as being included in “interfering”. The word “investigation” is substituted for “inspection” for consistency in this section. In subsection (c), the words “at any time call upon the director of locomotive inspection for a report of any accident embraced in section 32 of this title, and upon the receipt of said report” are omitted as obsolete because of Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1965 (eff. July 27, 1965, 79 Stat. 1320) and 49 App.:1655(e)(1)(E)–(G). The text of 45:33 (2d sentence) is omitted as surplus. The words “civil action” are substituted for “suit or action” for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code. The words “resulting from” are substituted for “growing out of” for clarity. The words “or investigation” are omitted as unnecessary because of the restatement.