Legal corpus: the complete U.S. Code (59,740 sections, all 53 titles)

Ingested titles 12–51 and 54 from OLRC USLM XML @119-100 (the whole Code now, uniform edition; Title 53 is reserved/empty). LegalText 11,221 -> 59,740; repo total 105,704 records. Deterministic (byte-identical rerun, verified on Title 42's 8,356 sections); make check green. make legal-us-code default now covers every title. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-07-06 10:51:44 -04:00
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+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "51 U.S.C. § 50112"
+description: "Promotion of United States Global Positioning System standards"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 51
+title_name: "NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS"
+chapter_number: "501"
+chapter_name: "SPACE COMMERCE"
+section: "50112"
+citation: "51 U.S.C. § 50112"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc51@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t51/s50112"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-51/usc51.xml"
+source_hash: "449effcce03a7a05b2b45eb2db18a94d79fdb0d6edff80b4d5e3cc6e4d1b6b56"
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+text_hash: "a4808255cc25af6b517fa0def2817d04808f0c24d9eaf850bfa6932204a5eb19"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 51 U.S.C. § 50112 - Promotion of United States Global Positioning System standards
+
+## Text
+
+In order to support and sustain the Global Positioning System in a manner that will most effectively contribute to the national security, public safety, scientific, and economic interests of the United States, Congress encourages the President to—
+
+(1) ensure the operation of the Global Positioning System on a continuous worldwide basis free of direct user fees;
+
+(2) enter into international agreements that promote cooperation with foreign governments and international organizations to—
+
+(A) establish the Global Positioning System and its augmentations as an acceptable international standard; and
+
+(B) eliminate any foreign barriers to applications of the Global Positioning System worldwide; and
+
+(3) provide clear direction and adequate resources to the Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Communications and Information so that on an international basis the Assistant Secretary can—
+
+(A) achieve and sustain efficient management of the electromagnetic spectrum used by the Global Positioning System; and
+
+(B) protect that spectrum from disruption and interference.
+
+(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3397.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision Notes RevisedSectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large) 5011242 U.S.C. 14712(b).Pub. L. 105–303, title I, § 104(b), Oct. 28, 1998, 112 Stat. 2852.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+FindingPub. L. 105–303, title I, § 104(a), Oct. 28, 1998, 112 Stat. 2852, provided that: “The Congress finds that the Global Positioning System, including satellites, signal equipment, ground stations, data links, and associated command and control facilities, has become an essential element in civil, scientific, and military space development because of the emergence of a United States commercial industry which provides Global Positioning System equipment and related services.”
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "51 U.S.C. § 50113"
+description: "Acquisition of space science data"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 51
+title_name: "NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS"
+chapter_number: "501"
+chapter_name: "SPACE COMMERCE"
+section: "50113"
+citation: "51 U.S.C. § 50113"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc51@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t51/s50113"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-51/usc51.xml"
+source_hash: "9b4608be2adaf12ccaf2f74a845d94b4e1fb66bb8756c335f8f41eb651f10e9e"
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+text_hash: "60a2e568319e335d55ace8734b05946f11bcfeacfcf5bd78e08078aded344191"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 51 U.S.C. § 50113 - Acquisition of space science data
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Definition of Space Science Data.— In this section, the term “space science data” includes scientific data concerning—
+
+(1) the elemental and mineralogical resources of the moon, asteroids, planets and their moons, and comets;
+
+(2) microgravity acceleration; and
+
+(3) solar storm monitoring.
+
+(b) Acquisition From Commercial Providers.— The Administrator shall, to the extent possible and while satisfying the scientific or educational requirements of the Administration, and where appropriate, of other Federal agencies and scientific researchers, acquire, where cost effective, space science data from a commercial provider.
+
+(c) Treatment of Space Science Data as Commercial Product or Commercial Service Under Acquisition Laws.— Acquisitions of space science data by the Administrator shall be carried out in accordance with applicable acquisition laws and regulations (including applicable provisions of chapters 201 through 285, 341 through 343, and 363 of title 10). For purposes of such law and regulations, space science data shall be considered to be a commercial product or commercial service. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to preclude the United States from acquiring, through contracts with commercial providers, sufficient rights in data to meet the needs of the scientific and educational community or the needs of other government activities.
+
+(d) Safety Standards.— Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit the Federal Government from requiring compliance with applicable safety standards.
+
+(e) Limitation.— This section does not authorize the Administration to provide financial assistance for the development of commercial systems for the collection of space science data.
+
+(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3397; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, § 836(g)(10)(A), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1874; Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title XVII, § 1702(l)(10), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2161.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision Notes RevisedSectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large) 5011342 U.S.C. 14713.Pub. L. 105–303, title I, § 105, Oct. 28, 1998, 112 Stat. 2852.
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments2021—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 117–81 substituted “including applicable provisions of chapters 201 through 285, 341 through 343, and 363” for “including chapters 137 and 140”. 2018—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 115–232 substituted “Commercial Product or Commercial Service” for “Commercial Item” in heading and “commercial product or commercial service” for “commercial item” in text.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 2018 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 115–232 effective Jan. 1, 2020, subject to a savings provision, see section 836(h) of Pub. L. 115–232, set out as an Effective Date of 2018 Amendment; Savings Provision note under section 453b of Title 6, Domestic Security.
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "51 U.S.C. § 50114"
+description: "Administration of commercial space centers"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 51
+title_name: "NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS"
+chapter_number: "501"
+chapter_name: "SPACE COMMERCE"
+section: "50114"
+citation: "51 U.S.C. § 50114"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc51@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t51/s50114"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-51/usc51.xml"
+source_hash: "f1fbe9212d22088af483aee93e7189a9ba4904191c3e4538ffb07a01b23f4768"
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+text_hash: "6c615f013248dc94526239613646994861bab0b4e43b00c4ab5df3a94f8a7506"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 51 U.S.C. § 50114 - Administration of commercial space centers
+
+## Text
+
+The Administrator shall administer the Commercial Space Center program in a coordinated manner from Administration headquarters in Washington, D.C.
+
+(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3398.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision Notes RevisedSectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large) 5011442 U.S.C. 14714.Pub. L. 105–303, title I, § 106, Oct. 28, 1998, 112 Stat. 2853.
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "51 U.S.C. § 50115"
+description: "Sources of Earth science data"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 51
+title_name: "NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS"
+chapter_number: "501"
+chapter_name: "SPACE COMMERCE"
+section: "50115"
+citation: "51 U.S.C. § 50115"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc51@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t51/s50115"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-51/usc51.xml"
+source_hash: "ab4c93e711ed6405a5fac2d95635433be7e047f50768ef7b105d73d9c40ee406"
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+text_hash: "5c9c76a5e46c2fc224b45bc4634c10be9a8e116fb899b3333401d0d6e7f7d8e5"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 51 U.S.C. § 50115 - Sources of Earth science data
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Acquisition.— The Administrator shall, to the extent possible and while satisfying the scientific or educational requirements of the Administration, and where appropriate, of other Federal agencies and scientific researchers, acquire, where cost-effective, space-based and airborne Earth remote sensing data, services, distribution, and applications from a commercial provider.
+
+(b) Treatment as Commercial Product or Commercial Service Under Acquisition Laws.— Acquisitions by the Administrator of the data, services, distribution, and applications referred to in subsection (a) shall be carried out in accordance with applicable acquisition laws and regulations (including applicable provisions of chapters 201 through 285, 341 through 343, and 363 of title 10). For purposes of such law and regulations, such data, services, distribution, and applications shall be considered to be a commercial product or commercial service. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to preclude the United States from acquiring, through contracts with commercial providers, sufficient rights in data to meet the needs of the scientific and educational community or the needs of other government activities.
+
+(c) Safety Standards.— Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit the Federal Government from requiring compliance with applicable safety standards.
+
+(d) Administration and Execution.— This section shall be carried out as part of the Commercial Remote Sensing Program at the Stennis Space Center.
+
+(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3398; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, § 836(g)(10)(B), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1874; Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title XVII, § 1702(l)(10), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2161.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision Notes RevisedSectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large) 50115(a)42 U.S.C. 14715(a).Pub. L. 105–303, title I, § 107(a), (b), (d), (e), Oct. 28, 1998, 112 Stat. 2853, 2854. 50115(b)42 U.S.C. 14715(b). 50115(c)42 U.S.C. 14715(d). 50115(d)42 U.S.C. 14715(e).
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments2021—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 117–81 substituted “including applicable provisions of chapters 201 through 285, 341 through 343, and 363” for “including chapters 137 and 140”. 2018—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 115–232, in heading, substituted “Commercial Product or Commercial Service” for “Commercial Item” and, in text, substituted “commercial product or commercial service” for “commercial item”.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 2018 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 115–232 effective Jan. 1, 2020, subject to a savings provision, see section 836(h) of Pub. L. 115–232, set out as an Effective Date of 2018 Amendment; Savings Provision note under section 453b of Title 6, Domestic Security.
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "51 U.S.C. § 50116"
+description: "Commercial technology transfer program"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 51
+title_name: "NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS"
+chapter_number: "501"
+chapter_name: "SPACE COMMERCE"
+section: "50116"
+citation: "51 U.S.C. § 50116"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc51@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t51/s50116"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-51/usc51.xml"
+source_hash: "678cabd1f4b574a192287377e19072d1abd2ee5af5f6e73c8c618b9edd37c8dc"
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+text_hash: "4a45940e1d2a4dc3f93d152c7885d464faf9843d37a5137586aa272256e39fac"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 51 U.S.C. § 50116 - Commercial technology transfer program
+
+## Text
+
+(a) In General.— The Administrator shall execute a commercial technology transfer program with the goal of facilitating the exchange of services, products, and intellectual property between the Administration and the private sector. This program shall place at least as much emphasis on encouraging the transfer of Administration technology to the private sector (“spinning out”) as on encouraging use of private sector technology by the Administration. This program shall be maintained in a manner that provides clear benefits for the Administration, the domestic economy, and the research community, while protecting national security.
+
+(b) Program Structure.— In carrying out the program described in subsection (a), the Administrator shall provide program participants with at least 45 days notice of any proposed changes to the structure of the Administration’s technology transfer and commercialization organizations that is in effect as of December 30, 2005.
+
+(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3399; Pub. L. 115–10, title VIII, § 829, Mar. 21, 2017, 131 Stat. 66.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision Notes RevisedSectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large) 5011642 U.S.C. 16811.Pub. L. 109–155, title VI, § 621, Dec. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2935. This section restates provisions originally enacted as part of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2005 (Public Law 109–155, 119 Stat. 2895), and not as part of the Commercial Space Act of 1998 (Public Law 105–303, 112 Stat. 2843), which is generally restated in this chapter. In subsection (a), in the last sentence, the word “Administration” is substituted for “agency” for clarity and because of the definition of “Administration” added by section 10101 of title 51. In subsection (b), the date “December 30, 2005” is substituted for “the date of enactment of this Act” to reflect the date of enactment of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2005 (Public Law 109–155, 119 Stat. 2895).
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments2017—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–10 inserted “, while protecting national security” after “research community”.
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "51 U.S.C. § 50131"
+description: "Requirement to procure commercial space transportation services"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 51
+title_name: "NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS"
+chapter_number: "501"
+chapter_name: "SPACE COMMERCE"
+section: "50131"
+citation: "51 U.S.C. § 50131"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc51@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t51/s50131"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-51/usc51.xml"
+source_hash: "2c5a12098fe1a48c86a67fb9dfbf35cc33c75b41b5d8542191ac4afbfe840a59"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 51 U.S.C. § 50131 - Requirement to procure commercial space transportation services
+
+## Text
+
+(a) In General.— Except as otherwise provided in this section or in section 70102, the Federal Government shall acquire space transportation services from United States commercial providers whenever such services are required in the course of its activities. To the maximum extent practicable, the Federal Government shall plan missions to accommodate the space transportation services capabilities of United States commercial providers.
+
+(b) Exceptions.— The Federal Government shall not be required to acquire space transportation services under subsection (a) if, on a case-by-case basis, the Administrator or, in the case of a national security issue, the Secretary of the Air Force, determines that—
+
+(1) a payload requires the unique capabilities of the space shuttle;
+
+(2) cost effective space transportation services that meet specific mission requirements would not be reasonably available from United States commercial providers when required;
+
+(3) the use of space transportation services from United States commercial providers poses an unacceptable risk of loss of a unique scientific opportunity;
+
+(4) the use of space transportation services from United States commercial providers is inconsistent with national security objectives;
+
+(5) the use of space transportation services from United States commercial providers is inconsistent with international agreements for international collaborative efforts relating to science and technology;
+
+(6) it is more cost effective to transport a payload in conjunction with a test or demonstration of a space transportation vehicle owned by the Federal Government; or
+
+(7) a payload can make use of the available cargo space on a space shuttle mission as a secondary payload, and such payload is consistent with the requirements of research, development, demonstration, scientific, commercial, and educational programs authorized by the Administrator.
+
+(c) Agreements With Foreign Entities.— Nothing in this section shall prevent the Administrator from planning or negotiating agreements with foreign entities for the launch of Federal Government payloads for international collaborative efforts relating to science and technology.
+
+(d) Delayed Effect.— Subsection (a) shall not apply to space transportation services and space transportation vehicles acquired or owned by the Federal Government before October 28, 1998, or with respect to which a contract for such acquisition or ownership has been entered into before October 28, 1998.
+
+(e) Historical Purposes.— This section shall not be construed to prohibit the Federal Government from acquiring, owning, or maintaining space transportation vehicles solely for historical display purposes.
+
+(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3399; Pub. L. 114–90, title I, § 117(b)(3), Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 718.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision Notes RevisedSectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large) 50131(a)42 U.S.C. 14731(a).Pub. L. 105–303, title II, § 201, Oct. 28, 1998, 112 Stat. 2854. 50131(b)42 U.S.C. 14731(b) (less last sentence). 50131(c)42 U.S.C. 14731(b) (last sentence). 50131(d)42 U.S.C. 14731(c). 50131(e)42 U.S.C. 14731(d). In subsection (d), the date “October 28, 1998” is substituted for “the date of the enactment of this Act” and for “such date” to reflect the date of enactment of the Commercial Space Act of 1998 (Public Law 105–303, 112 Stat. 2843).
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments2015—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 114–90 inserted “or in section 70102” after “in this section”.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+NASA Launch Capabilities CollaborationPub. L. 115–10, title VIII, § 822, Mar. 21, 2017, 131 Stat. 61, provided that: “(a) Findings.—Congress makes the following findings:“(1) The Launch Services Program is responsible for the acquisition, management, and technical oversight of commercial launch services for NASA’s [National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s] science and robotic missions. “(2) The Commercial Crew Program is responsible for the acquisition, management, and technical oversight of commercial crew transportation systems. “(3) The Launch Services Program and Commercial Crew Program have worked together to gain exceptional technical insight into the contracted launch service providers that are common to both programs. “(4) The Launch Services Program has a long history of oversight of 12 different launch vehicles and over 80 launches. “(5) Co-location of the Launch Services Program and Commercial Crew Program has enabled the Commercial Crew Program to efficiently obtain the launch vehicle technical expertise of and provide engineering and analytical support to the Commercial Crew Program. “(b) Sense of Congress.—It is the sense of Congress that—“(1) the Launch Services Program and Commercial Crew Program each benefit from communication and coordination of launch manifests, technical information, and common launch vehicle insight between the programs; and “(2) such communication and coordination is enabled by the co-location of the programs. “(c) In General.—The Administrator [of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration] shall pursue a strategy for acquisition of crewed transportation services and non-crewed launch services that continues to enhance communication, collaboration, and coordination between the Launch Services Program and the Commercial Crew Program.”
+
+Leveraging Commercial Satellite Servicing Capabilities Across Mission DirectoratesPub. L. 115–10, title VIII, § 825, Mar. 21, 2017, 131 Stat. 65, provided that: “(a) Findings.—Congress makes the following findings:“(1) Refueling and relocating aging satellites to extend their operational lifetimes is a capacity that NASA [National Aeronautics and Space Administration] will substantially benefit from and is important for lowering the costs of ongoing scientific, national security, and commercial satellite operations. “(2) The technologies involved in satellite servicing, such as dexterous robotic arms, propellant transfer systems, and solar electric propulsion, are all critical capabilities to support a human exploration mission to Mars. “(b) Sense of Congress.—It is the sense of Congress that—“(1) satellite servicing is a vital capability that will bolster the capacity and affordability of NASA’s ongoing scientific and human exploration operations while simultaneously enhancing the ability of domestic companies to compete in the global marketplace; and “(2) future NASA satellites and spacecraft across mission directorates should be constructed in a manner that allows for servicing in order to maximize operational longevity and affordability. “(c) Leveraging of Capabilities.—The Administrator [of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration] shall—“(1) identify orbital assets in both the Science Mission Directorate and the Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate that could benefit from satellite servicing-related technologies; and “(2) work across all NASA mission directorates to evaluate opportunities for the private sector to perform such services or advance technical capabilities by leveraging the technologies and techniques developed by NASA programs and other industry programs.”
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "51 U.S.C. § 50132"
+description: "Acquisition of commercial space transportation services"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 51
+title_name: "NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS"
+chapter_number: "501"
+chapter_name: "SPACE COMMERCE"
+section: "50132"
+citation: "51 U.S.C. § 50132"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc51@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t51/s50132"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-51/usc51.xml"
+source_hash: "67e9583999ebf4bf0d8121aa49829e3ae3d8790d475b3a1b72017a29c81b6ed8"
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+text_hash: "57a390f6ea996680c50c32451cfa4ad6f9c5a00841325727c807ac2964d85ce0"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 51 U.S.C. § 50132 - Acquisition of commercial space transportation services
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Treatment of Commercial Space Transportation Services as Commercial Service Under Acquisition Laws.— Acquisitions of space transportation services by the Federal Government shall be carried out in accordance with applicable acquisition laws and regulations (including applicable provisions of chapters 201 through 285, 341 through 343, and 363 of title 10). For purposes of such law and regulations, space transportation services shall be considered to be a commercial service.
+
+(b) Safety Standards.— Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit the Federal Government from requiring compliance with applicable safety standards.
+
+(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3400; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, § 836(g)(10)(C), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1874; Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title XVII, § 1702(l)(10), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2161.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision Notes RevisedSectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large) 5013242 U.S.C. 14732.Pub. L. 105–303, title II, § 202, Oct. 28, 1998, 112 Stat. 2855.
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments2021—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 117–81 substituted “including applicable provisions of chapters 201 through 285, 341 through 343, and 363” for “including chapters 137 and 140”. 2018—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–232 substituted “Commercial Service” for “Commercial Item” in heading and “commercial service” for “commercial item” in text.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 2018 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 115–232 effective Jan. 1, 2020, subject to a savings provision, see section 836(h) of Pub. L. 115–232, set out as an Effective Date of 2018 Amendment; Savings Provision note under section 453b of Title 6, Domestic Security.
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "51 U.S.C. § 50133"
+description: "Repealed. Pub. L. 115–10, title IV, § 416(c), Mar. 21, 2017, 131 Stat. 35]"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 51
+title_name: "NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS"
+chapter_number: "501"
+chapter_name: "SPACE COMMERCE"
+section: "50133"
+citation: "51 U.S.C. § 50133"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc51@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t51/s50133"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-51/usc51.xml"
+source_hash: "8ba0052197b45997485c68aa54cb9616db6d7a10b5d7b29e09b552880f3d4a59"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "247760e048bc0c854023cd923eddd6011c857ad6958b62a813e0392121390bd5"
+text_hash: "154ef5454cb32d0eddf25ba1af847137d7bd57a3d4b92a2cf8735618a20aa83b"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 51 U.S.C. § 50133 - Repealed. Pub. L. 115–10, title IV, § 416(c), Mar. 21, 2017, 131 Stat. 35]
+
+## Notes
+
+Section, Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3400, related to shuttle privatization.
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "51 U.S.C. § 50134"
+description: "Use of excess intercontinental ballistic missiles"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 51
+title_name: "NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS"
+chapter_number: "501"
+chapter_name: "SPACE COMMERCE"
+section: "50134"
+citation: "51 U.S.C. § 50134"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc51@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t51/s50134"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-51/usc51.xml"
+source_hash: "bac2b6da533b40f6ac5a8dcc4aae4e520df4398449c9f7df5e5866ab541e91e5"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "247760e048bc0c854023cd923eddd6011c857ad6958b62a813e0392121390bd5"
+text_hash: "2341e066d7e409dd423f2b355d30c311fc995a93f549094e831f15310454cf08"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 51 U.S.C. § 50134 - Use of excess intercontinental ballistic missiles
+
+## Text
+
+(a) In General.— The Federal Government shall not—
+
+(1) convert any missile described in subsection (c) to a space transportation vehicle configuration; or
+
+(2) transfer ownership of any such missile to another person, except as provided in subsection (b).
+
+(b) Authorized Federal Uses.— (1) In general.— A missile described in subsection (c) may be converted for use as a space transportation vehicle by the Federal Government if, except as provided in paragraph (2) and at least 30 days before such conversion, the agency seeking to use the missile as a space transportation vehicle transmits to the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Science and Technology of the House of Representatives, and to the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate, a certification that the use of such missile—
+
+(A) would result in cost savings to the Federal Government when compared to the cost of acquiring space transportation services from United States commercial providers;
+
+(B) meets all mission requirements of the agency, including performance, schedule, and risk requirements;
+
+(C) is consistent with international obligations of the United States; and
+
+(D) is approved by the Secretary of Defense or the designee of the Secretary of Defense.
+
+(2) Exception to requirement that certification be transmitted 30 days before conversion.— The requirement under paragraph (1) that the certification described in that paragraph must be transmitted at least 30 days before conversion of the missile shall not apply if the Secretary of Defense determines that compliance with that requirement would be inconsistent with meeting immediate national security requirements.
+
+(c) Missiles Referred to.— The missiles referred to in this section are missiles owned by the United States that—
+
+(1) were formerly used by the Department of Defense for national defense purposes as intercontinental ballistic missiles; and
+
+(2) have been declared excess to United States national defense needs and are in compliance with international obligations of the United States.
+
+(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3400.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision Notes RevisedSectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large) 5013442 U.S.C. 14734.Pub. L. 105–303, title II, § 205, Oct. 28, 1998, 112 Stat. 2857; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title X, § 1067(21), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 775. In subsection (b)(1), in the matter before subparagraph (A), the words “Committee on Science and Technology” are substituted for “Committee on Science” on authority of Rule X(1)(o) of the Rules of the House of Representatives, adopted by House Resolution No. 6 (110th Congress, January 5, 2007).
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Change of Name Committee on Science and Technology of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, Jan. 5, 2011.