Legislation: batch C — MO MS MT NC ND NE NH NJ NM NV

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>

legislation/us/states/mt/2025/sb-544.md

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+---
+type: "Bill"
+title: "Revise income tax laws for net operating loss carryovers"
+description: "Revise income tax laws for net operating loss carryovers"
+jurisdiction: "us/states/mt"
+legislature: "Montana Legislature"
+session: "2025"
+identifier: "SB 544"
+citation: "Montana SB 544 (2025)"
+classification: ["bill"]
+subjects: ["Revenue", "State", "Taxation", "Taxation--Individual Income"]
+status: "enacted"
+primary_sponsors: ["Greg Hertz"]
+version_count: 18
+action_count: 42
+vote_count: 6
+first_action: "2024-11-11T16:12:55+00:00"
+last_action: "2025-05-13T13:50:57+00:00"
+source: "openstates"
+source_identifier: "ocd-bill/c326d85e-1a5b-4204-89eb-d1a0dede8b07"
+source_url: "https://bills.legmt.gov/#/laws/bill/2/LC1041?open_tab=sum"
+source_hash: "57825143460d6cc5fa1fae7b01245fcf4fcbe5df8b2400a03d3a70ba5007c2c3"
+vintage: "2026-07-01"
+source_snapshot: "https://data.openstates.org/daily/2026-07-01/public.pgdump"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-06"
+confidence: "reported"
+tags: ["legislation", "bill", "us-mt"]
+---
+
+# Montana SB 544 (2025) — Revise income tax laws for net operating loss carryovers
+
+## Version chain
+
+The bill's text revisions, in order — the diff chain from filing to enrollment.
+
+1. **LC1041.pdf** (committee substitute) — [source](https://api.legmt.gov/docs/v1/documents/getContent?documentId=297415)
+2. **SB0544_1(1).pdf** (committee substitute) — [source](https://api.legmt.gov/docs/v1/documents/getContent?documentId=305398)
+3. **SB0544_1(2).pdf** (committee substitute) — [source](https://api.legmt.gov/docs/v1/documents/getContent?documentId=311939)
+4. **SB0544_1(3).pdf** (committee substitute) — [source](https://api.legmt.gov/docs/v1/documents/getContent?documentId=314852)
+5. **SB0544_1(4).pdf** (committee substitute) — [source](https://api.legmt.gov/docs/v1/documents/getContent?documentId=314854)
+6. **SB0544_1.pdf** (committee substitute) — [source](https://api.legmt.gov/docs/v1/documents/getContent?documentId=298480)
+7. **SB0544_X(1).pdf** (committee substitute) — [source](https://api.legmt.gov/docs/v1/documents/getContent?documentId=314857)
+8. **SB0544_X(10).pdf** (committee substitute) — [source](https://api.legmt.gov/docs/v1/documents/getContent?documentId=324958)
+9. **SB0544_X(11).pdf** (committee substitute) — [source](https://api.legmt.gov/docs/v1/documents/getContent?documentId=326085)
+10. **SB0544_X(2).pdf** (committee substitute) — [source](https://api.legmt.gov/docs/v1/documents/getContent?documentId=314858)
+11. **SB0544_X(3).pdf** (committee substitute) — [source](https://api.legmt.gov/docs/v1/documents/getContent?documentId=317013)
+12. **SB0544_X(4).pdf** (committee substitute) — [source](https://api.legmt.gov/docs/v1/documents/getContent?documentId=317028)
+13. **SB0544_X(5).pdf** (committee substitute) — [source](https://api.legmt.gov/docs/v1/documents/getContent?documentId=317209)
+14. **SB0544_X(6).pdf** (committee substitute) — [source](https://api.legmt.gov/docs/v1/documents/getContent?documentId=320752)
+15. **SB0544_X(7).pdf** (committee substitute) — [source](https://api.legmt.gov/docs/v1/documents/getContent?documentId=322697)
+16. **SB0544_X(8).pdf** (committee substitute) — [source](https://api.legmt.gov/docs/v1/documents/getContent?documentId=322698)
+17. **SB0544_X(9).pdf** (committee substitute) — [source](https://api.legmt.gov/docs/v1/documents/getContent?documentId=322699)
+18. **SB0544_X.pdf** (committee substitute) — [source](https://api.legmt.gov/docs/v1/documents/getContent?documentId=314855)
+
+## Votes
+
+- Do Pass — **48–0** (pass) · upper
+- be_concurred_in — **21–0** (pass) · lower
+- do_pass — **8–0** (pass) · upper
+- Do Pass — **48–0** (pass) · upper
+- Do Concur — **97–1** (pass) · lower
+- Do Concur — **97–1** (pass) · lower
+
+## Sponsors
+
+- Greg Hertz — primary (person)
+
+## Timeline
+
+The legislative action history — every referral, reading, and vote.
+
+- **2024-11-11T16:12:55+00:00** (LC) Drafter Assigned
+- **2024-12-16T14:15:52+00:00** (LC) Draft On Hold
+- **2025-03-17T22:35:23+00:00** (LC) Draft Taken Off Hold
+- **2025-03-21T21:23:00+00:00** (LC) Draft in Legal Review
+- **2025-03-21T22:00:53+00:00** (LC) Draft in Edit
+- **2025-03-24T15:45:37+00:00** (LC) Draft in Input/Proofing
+- **2025-03-24T19:23:46+00:00** (LC) Draft in Final Drafter Review
+- **2025-03-24T19:49:09+00:00** (LC) Draft in Assembly
+- **2025-03-25T14:20:01+00:00** (LC) Draft Ready for Delivery
+- **2025-03-25T17:53:05+00:00** (LC) Draft Delivered to Requester
+- **2025-03-25T22:37:26+00:00** (S) Introduced
+- **2025-03-26T13:45:08+00:00** (S) Fiscal Note Requested
+- **2025-03-26T20:49:29+00:00** (S) First Reading `reading-1`
+- **2025-03-26T21:06:00+00:00** (S) Referred to Committee - (S) Taxation `referral-committee`
+- **2025-03-27T15:06:14+00:00** (S) Hearing - (S) Taxation
+- **2025-04-01T18:42:18+00:00** (S) Fiscal Note Received `receipt`
+- **2025-04-01T18:42:26+00:00** (S) Fiscal Note Unsigned
+- **2025-04-01T22:00:52+00:00** (S) Fiscal Note Printed
+- **2025-04-02T16:34:23+00:00** (S) Committee Executive Action--Bill Passed - (S) Taxation `committee-passage`
+- **2025-04-02T19:23:00+00:00** (S) Committee Report--Bill Passed - (S) Taxation `committee-passage`
+- **2025-04-04T02:23:19+00:00** (S) 2nd Reading Pass Consideration `reading-2`
+- **2025-04-04T19:00:00+00:00** (S) Scheduled for 2nd Reading `reading-2`
+- **2025-04-05T00:14:00+00:00** (S) 2nd Reading Passed `reading-2, reading-2`
+- **2025-04-05T14:00:00+00:00** (S) Scheduled for 3rd Reading `reading-3`
+- **2025-04-05T14:23:00+00:00** (S) 3rd Reading Passed `passage, reading-3`
+- **2025-04-05T16:50:22+00:00** (S) Transmitted to House
+- **2025-04-07T15:53:48+00:00** (H) Referred to Committee - (H) Taxation `referral-committee`
+- **2025-04-07T19:51:49+00:00** (H) First Reading `reading-1`
+- **2025-04-09T19:15:28+00:00** (H) Hearing - (H) Taxation
+- **2025-04-16T17:30:28+00:00** (H) Committee Executive Action--Bill Concurred - (H) Taxation
+- **2025-04-16T19:21:00+00:00** (H) Committee Report--Bill Concurred - (H) Taxation
+- **2025-04-18T16:00:00+00:00** (H) Scheduled for 2nd Reading `reading-2`
+- **2025-04-18T17:49:00+00:00** (H) 2nd Reading Concurred `reading-2, reading-2`
+- **2025-04-22T16:00:00+00:00** (H) Scheduled for 3rd Reading `reading-3`
+- **2025-04-22T16:33:00+00:00** (H) 3rd Reading Concurred `passage, reading-3`
+- **2025-04-22T16:33:54+00:00** (S) Sent to Enrolling
+- **2025-04-24T18:57:12+00:00** (S) Returned from Enrolling
+- **2025-04-27T13:30:40+00:00** (S) Signed by President `passage`
+- **2025-04-29T22:15:14+00:00** (H) Signed by Speaker `passage`
+- **2025-04-30T16:55:55+00:00** (S) Transmitted to Governor `executive-receipt`
+- **2025-05-08T14:35:00+00:00** (S) Signed by Governor `executive-signature`
+- **2025-05-13T13:50:57+00:00** Chapter Number Assigned `became-law`
+
+## Source
+
+OpenStates / OpenCivicData bulk snapshot [2026-07-01](https://data.openstates.org/daily/2026-07-01/public.pgdump); origin `ocd-bill/c326d85e-1a5b-4204-89eb-d1a0dede8b07`. Confidence: reported (aggregated from official Montana legislature records).
+