Legislation: batch D — NY OH OK OR PA RI SC SD TX UT

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>

legislation/us/states/tx/86/sb-281.md

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+---
+type: "Bill"
+title: "Relating to the use of certain language regarding a person who is deaf or hard of hearing in statutes or resolutions."
+description: "Relating to the use of certain language regarding a person who is deaf or hard of hearing in statutes or resolutions."
+jurisdiction: "us/states/tx"
+legislature: "Texas Legislature"
+session: "86"
+identifier: "SB 281"
+citation: "Texas SB 281 (86)"
+classification: ["bill"]
+subjects: ["Disabilities", "Persons with (I0380)", "Legislature (I0520)", "Statutory Revision (I0771)", "LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL", "TEXAS (V0001)"]
+status: "enacted"
+primary_sponsors: ["González, Mary", "Zaffirini"]
+version_count: 1
+action_count: 43
+vote_count: 1
+first_action: "2018-12-27"
+last_action: "2019-05-25"
+source: "openstates"
+source_identifier: "ocd-bill/92fd7384-cb79-4087-a070-6d945ef2eddf"
+source_url: "ftp://ftp.legis.state.tx.us/bills/86R/billhistory/senate_bills/SB00200_SB00299/SB 281.xml"
+source_hash: "6175513d0066111d3897702b14c4173ba9a9e3ad575d8f348949aff6f7b0a8bd"
+vintage: "2026-07-01"
+source_snapshot: "https://data.openstates.org/daily/2026-07-01/public.pgdump"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-06"
+confidence: "reported"
+tags: ["legislation", "bill", "us-tx"]
+---
+
+# Texas SB 281 (86) — Relating to the use of certain language regarding a person who is deaf or hard of hearing in statutes or resolutions.
+
+## Version chain
+
+The bill's text revisions, in order — the diff chain from filing to enrollment.
+
+1. **Introduced** (filed) — [source](http://www.legis.state.tx.us/tlodocs/86R/billtext/html/SB00281I.HTM)
+
+## Votes
+
+- passage — **130–7** (pass) · lower
+
+## Sponsors
+
+- González, Mary — primary (person)
+- Zaffirini — primary (person)
+
+## Timeline
+
+The legislative action history — every referral, reading, and vote.
+
+- **2018-12-27** Received by the Secretary of the Senate `filing`
+- **2018-12-27** Filed `filing`
+- **2019-02-07** Read first time `introduction, reading-1`
+- **2019-02-07** Referred to Administration `referral-committee`
+- **2019-04-15** Scheduled for public hearing on . . .
+- **2019-04-15** Considered in public hearing
+- **2019-04-15** Testimony taken in committee
+- **2019-04-15** Reported favorably as substituted `committee-passage-favorable`
+- **2019-04-15** Recommended for local & uncontested calendar
+- **2019-04-15** Committee report printed and distributed
+- **2019-04-17** Placed on local & uncontested calendar
+- **2019-04-17** Laid before the Senate
+- **2019-04-17** Read 2nd time & passed to engrossment
+- **2019-04-17** Vote recorded in Journal
+- **2019-04-17** Three day rule suspended
+- **2019-04-17** Record vote
+- **2019-04-17** Read 3rd time `reading-3`
+- **2019-04-17** Passed `passage`
+- **2019-04-17** Record vote
+- **2019-04-17** Reported engrossed
+- **2019-04-18** Received from the Senate `introduction`
+- **2019-04-23** Read first time `introduction, reading-1`
+- **2019-04-23** Referred to House Administration `referral-committee`
+- **2019-04-24** Considered in formal meeting
+- **2019-04-24** Reported favorably w/o amendment(s) `committee-passage`
+- **2019-04-29** Comte report filed with Committee Coordinator
+- **2019-04-29** Committee report distributed
+- **2019-04-30** Committee report sent to Calendars
+- **2019-05-10** Considered in Calendars
+- **2019-05-13** Placed on General State Calendar
+- **2019-05-13** Read 2nd time `reading-2`
+- **2019-05-13** Passed to 3rd reading
+- **2019-05-14** Read 3rd time `reading-3`
+- **2019-05-14** Passed `passage`
+- **2019-05-14** Record vote
+- **2019-05-14** Statement(s) of vote recorded in Journal
+- **2019-05-14** House passage reported
+- **2019-05-14** Reported enrolled
+- **2019-05-15** Signed in the Senate
+- **2019-05-15** Signed in the House
+- **2019-05-15** Sent to the Governor `executive-receipt`
+- **2019-05-25** Signed by the Governor `executive-signature`
+- **2019-05-25** Effective on 9/1/19 `became-law`
+
+## Source
+
+OpenStates / OpenCivicData bulk snapshot [2026-07-01](https://data.openstates.org/daily/2026-07-01/public.pgdump); origin `ocd-bill/92fd7384-cb79-4087-a070-6d945ef2eddf`. Confidence: reported (aggregated from official Texas legislature records).
+