---
type: "Bill"
title: "Commercial transactions."
description: "Existing provisions of the Commercial Code generally govern commercial transactions."
jurisdiction: "us/states/ca"
legislature: "California Legislature"
session: "20232024"
identifier: "SB 95"
citation: "California SB 95 (20232024)"
classification: ["bill"]
subjects: ["Commercial transactions"]
status: "enacted"
primary_sponsors: ["Roth"]
version_count: 5
action_count: 16
vote_count: 4
first_action: "2023-01-18"
last_action: "2023-09-22"
source: "openstates"
source_identifier: "ocd-bill/32c32628-2cc0-4b34-a054-b9d5a82efe6e"
source_url: "http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB95"
source_hash: "d81690955fd4dc935d014b8bc46c6f54e37cf27f611bf781ae6f94940b5c3c11"
vintage: "2026-07-01"
source_snapshot: "https://data.openstates.org/daily/2026-07-01/public.pgdump"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-06"
confidence: "reported"
tags: ["legislation", "bill", "us-ca"]
---

# California SB 95 (20232024) — Commercial transactions.

Existing provisions of the Commercial Code generally govern commercial transactions.

## Version chain

The bill's text revisions, in order — the diff chain from filing to enrollment.

1. **01/18/23 - Introduced** (filed) — [source](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billPdf.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB95&version=20230SB9599INT)
2. **04/13/23 - Amended Senate** (committee substitute) — [source](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billPdf.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB95&version=20230SB9598AMD)
3. **09/22/23 - Chaptered** (committee substitute) — [source](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billPdf.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB95&version=20230SB9596CHP)
4. **SB95** (committee substitute) — [source](http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB95)
5. **09/01/23 - Enrolled** (enrolled) — [source](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billPdf.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB95&version=20230SB9597ENR)

## Votes

- SB 95 Roth Senate Third Reading By Maienschein — **72–1** (pass) · lower
- 3rd Reading — **39–1** (pass) · upper
- Do pass as amended — **9–1** (pass) · upper
- Do pass. — **8–0** (pass) · lower

## Sponsors

- Roth — primary (person)

## Timeline

The legislative action history — every referral, reading, and vote.

- **2023-01-18** Introduced. Read first time. To Com. on RLS. for assignment. To print. `introduction, reading-1`
- **2023-01-19** From printer. May be acted upon on or after February 18.
- **2023-01-25** Referred to Com. on JUD. `referral-committee`
- **2023-03-21** Set for hearing April 11.
- **2023-04-12** From committee: Do pass as amended. (Ayes 9. Noes 1. Page 685.) (April 11). `amendment-passage, committee-passage, committee-passage-favorable`
- **2023-04-13** Read second time and amended. Ordered to third reading. `amendment-passage, reading-1, reading-2`
- **2023-05-22** Read third time. Passed. (Ayes 39. Noes 1. Page 1204.) Ordered to the Assembly. `passage, reading-1, reading-3`
- **2023-05-23** In Assembly. Read first time. Held at Desk. `reading-1`
- **2023-05-26** Referred to Com. on JUD. `referral-committee`
- **2023-06-06** From committee: Do pass. (Ayes 8. Noes 0.) (June 6). `committee-passage, committee-passage-favorable`
- **2023-06-07** Read second time. Ordered to third reading. `reading-1, reading-2`
- **2023-08-31** Read third time. Passed. (Ayes 72. Noes 1. Page 2859.) Ordered to the Senate. `passage, reading-1, reading-3`
- **2023-08-31** In Senate. Ordered to engrossing and enrolling.
- **2023-09-07** Enrolled and presented to the Governor at 4 p.m.
- **2023-09-22** Approved by the Governor. `executive-signature`
- **2023-09-22** Chaptered by Secretary of State. Chapter 210, Statutes of 2023. `became-law`

## Source

OpenStates / OpenCivicData bulk snapshot [2026-07-01](https://data.openstates.org/daily/2026-07-01/public.pgdump); origin `ocd-bill/32c32628-2cc0-4b34-a054-b9d5a82efe6e`. Confidence: reported (aggregated from official California legislature records).