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LegalText 17 U.S.C. § 511 Liability of States, instrumentalities of States, and State officials for infringement of copyright us united_states_code code_section 17 COPYRIGHTS 5 COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT AND REMEDIES 511 17 U.S.C. § 511 current 119-100 2026-06-26 official https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc17@119-100.zip /us/usc/t17/s511 data/legal/raw/us/code/title-17/usc17.xml adfd3f1bb8ee8403d8cb6cb7bd5ef117c15eb2534864251558988e733d33eeb5 53c244d73050c7c92329dce6d1ccd78b9e2fece359d919b044b600b95258446c 506262037b9cf4dfc4379a71fdc4fc157a8222dec862dba368b07b37cbf16a35 2026-07-04 official
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17 U.S.C. § 511 - Liability of States, instrumentalities of States, and State officials for infringement of copyright

Text

(a) In General.— Any State, any instrumentality of a State, and any officer or employee of a State or instrumentality of a State acting in his or her official capacity, shall not be immune, under the Eleventh Amendment of the Constitution of the United States or under any other doctrine of sovereign immunity, from suit in Federal court by any person, including any governmental or nongovernmental entity, for a violation of any of the exclusive rights of a copyright owner provided by sections 106 through 122, for importing copies of phonorecords in violation of section 602, or for any other violation under this title.

(b) Remedies.— In a suit described in subsection (a) for a violation described in that subsection, remedies (including remedies both at law and in equity) are available for the violation to the same extent as such remedies are available for such a violation in a suit against any public or private entity other than a State, instrumentality of a State, or officer or employee of a State acting in his or her official capacity. Such remedies include impounding and disposition of infringing articles under section 503, actual damages and profits and statutory damages under section 504, costs and attorneys fees under section 505, and the remedies provided in section 510.

(Added Pub. L. 101553, § 2(a)(2), Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2749; amended Pub. L. 10644, § 1(g)(6), Aug. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 222; Pub. L. 107273, div. C, title III, § 13210(4)(C), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1909.)

Notes

Editorial Notes

ConstitutionalityFor information regarding the constitutionality of certain provisions of subsection (a) of this section, see the Table of Laws Held Unconstitutional in Whole or in Part by the Supreme Court on the Constitution Annotated website, constitution.congress.gov.

Amendments2002—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 107273 substituted “122” for “121”. 1999—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 10644 substituted “121” for “119”.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective DateSection effective with respect to violations that occur on or after Nov. 15, 1990, see section 3 of Pub. L. 101553, set out as an Effective Date of 1990 Amendment note under section 501 of this title.