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2026-07-06 10:51:44 -04:00

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LegalText 25 U.S.C. § 1911 Indian tribe jurisdiction over Indian child custody proceedings us united_states_code code_section 25 INDIANS 21 INDIAN CHILD WELFARE 1911 25 U.S.C. § 1911 current 119-100 2026-06-26 official https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc25@119-100.zip /us/usc/t25/s1911 data/legal/raw/us/code/title-25/usc25.xml bd1d4cd14ca3f36885fcab84ef527fee41514a80efe80fcf9046ac562fa4ba3e d4661d83bff6862be548ac8e843ba61e942ed983aade7cf83cb7dbc3dcd08168 cf581ecf19521fde7e3bd4d15928926d8355b416bf21423f3fef5f74ca662ad9 2026-07-04 official
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25 U.S.C. § 1911 - Indian tribe jurisdiction over Indian child custody proceedings

Text

(a) Exclusive jurisdiction An Indian tribe shall have jurisdiction exclusive as to any State over any child custody proceeding involving an Indian child who resides or is domiciled within the reservation of such tribe, except where such jurisdiction is otherwise vested in the State by existing Federal law. Where an Indian child is a ward of a tribal court, the Indian tribe shall retain exclusive jurisdiction, notwithstanding the residence or domicile of the child.

(b) Transfer of proceedings; declination by tribal court In any State court proceeding for the foster care placement of, or termination of parental rights to, an Indian child not domiciled or residing within the reservation of the Indian childs tribe, the court, in the absence of good cause to the contrary, shall transfer such proceeding to the jurisdiction of the tribe, absent objection by either parent, upon the petition of either parent or the Indian custodian or the Indian childs tribe: Provided, That such transfer shall be subject to declination by the tribal court of such tribe.

(c) State court proceedings; intervention In any State court proceeding for the foster care placement of, or termination of parental rights to, an Indian child, the Indian custodian of the child and the Indian childs tribe shall have a right to intervene at any point in the proceeding.

(d) Full faith and credit to public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of Indian tribes The United States, every State, every territory or possession of the United States, and every Indian tribe shall give full faith and credit to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of any Indian tribe applicable to Indian child custody proceedings to the same extent that such entities give full faith and credit to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of any other entity.

(Pub. L. 95608, title I, § 101, Nov. 8, 1978, 92 Stat. 3071.)