republic-os/legal/us/code/title-12/chapter-27/section-2602.md

type, title, description, jurisdiction, corpus, kind, title_number, title_name, chapter_number, chapter_name, section, citation, status, release_point, release_date, source, source_url, source_identifier, source_file, source_hash, raw_snapshot_hash, text_hash, retrieved_at, confidence, tags

type	title	description	jurisdiction	corpus	kind	title_number	title_name	chapter_number	chapter_name	section	citation	status	release_point	release_date	source	source_url	source_identifier	source_file	source_hash	raw_snapshot_hash	text_hash	retrieved_at	confidence	tags
LegalText	12 U.S.C. § 2602	Definitions	us	united_states_code	code_section	12	BANKS AND BANKING	27	REAL ESTATE SETTLEMENT PROCEDURES	2602	12 U.S.C. § 2602	current	119-100	2026-06-26	official	https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc12@119-100.zip	/us/usc/t12/s2602	data/legal/raw/us/code/title-12/usc12.xml	b95c478fc1405d5d5ce828aac619cb8e4a14185b2777e2d0c4775a7e13761b08	e6b98700ef4156ac33fde5d105824845d727afa91a53f3762be2cf4d1a3b01fa	89142e7fc722b5adad0d069b90218b7b10f97fe7aec634d01730f1d2d160cb26	2026-07-04	official	legal us-code

12 U.S.C. § 2602 - Definitions

Text

For purposes of this chapter—

(1) the term “federally related mortgage loan” includes any loan (other than temporary financing such as a construction loan) which—

(A) is secured by a first or subordinate lien on residential real property (including individual units of condominiums and cooperatives) designed principally for the occupancy of from one to four families, including any such secured loan, the proceeds of which are used to prepay or pay off an existing loan secured by the same property; and

(B) (i) is made in whole or in part by any lender the deposits or accounts of which are insured by any agency of the Federal Government, or is made in whole or in part by any lender which is regulated by any agency of the Federal Government, or

(ii) is made in whole or in part, or insured, guaranteed, supplemented, or assisted in any way, by the Secretary or any other officer or agency of the Federal Government or under or in connection with a housing or urban development program administered by the Secretary or a housing or related program administered by any other such officer or agency; or

(iii) is intended to be sold by the originating lender to the Federal National Mortgage Association, the Government National Mortgage Association, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, or a financial institution from which it is to be purchased by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation; or

(iv) is made in whole or in part by any “creditor”, as defined in section 1602(f) 11 See References in Text note below. of title 15, who makes or invests in residential real estate loans aggregating more than $1,000,000 per year, except that for the purpose of this chapter, the term “creditor” does not include any agency or instrumentality of any State;

(2) the term “thing of value” includes any payment, advance, funds, loan, service, or other consideration;

(3) the term “Settlement services” includes any service provided in connection with a real estate settlement including, but not limited to, the following: title searches, title examinations, the provision of title certificates, title insurance, services rendered by an attorney, the preparation of documents, property surveys, the rendering of credit reports or appraisals, pest and fungus inspections, services rendered by a real estate agent or broker, the origination of a federally related mortgage loan (including, but not limited to, the taking of loan applications, loan processing, and the underwriting and funding of loans), and the handling of the processing, and closing or settlement;

(4) the term “title company” means any institution which is qualified to issue title insurance, directly or through its agents, and also refers to any duly authorized agent of a title company;

(5) the term “person” includes individuals, corporations, associations, partnerships, and trusts;

(6) the term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development;

(7) the term “affiliated business arrangement” means an arrangement in which (A) a person who is in a position to refer business incident to or a part of a real estate settlement service involving a federally related mortgage loan, or an associate of such person, has either an affiliate relationship with or a direct or beneficial ownership interest of more than 1 percent in a provider of settlement services; and (B) either of such persons directly or indirectly refers such business to that provider or affirmatively influences the selection of that provider;

(8) the term “associate” means one who has one or more of the following relationships with a person in a position to refer settlement business: (A) a spouse, parent, or child of such person; (B) a corporation or business entity that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with such person; (C) an employer, officer, director, partner, franchisor, or franchisee of such person; or (D) anyone who has an agreement, arrangement, or understanding, with such person, the purpose or substantial effect of which is to enable the person in a position to refer settlement business to benefit financially from the referrals of such business; and

(9) the term “Bureau” means the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection.

(Pub. L. 93–533, § 3, Dec. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 1724; Pub. L. 94–205, § 2, Jan. 2, 1976, 89 Stat. 1157; Pub. L. 98–181, title I [title IV, § 461(a)], Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1230; Pub. L. 102–550, title IX, § 908(a), (b), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3873, 3874; Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title II, § 2103(c)(1), Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–400; Pub. L. 111–203, title X, § 1098(1), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 2103.)

Notes

Editorial Notes

References in TextSection 1602(f) of title 15, referred to in par. (1)(B)(iv), was redesignated section 1602(g) of title 15 by Pub. L. 111–203, title X, § 1100A(1)(A), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 2107.

Amendments2010—Par. (9). Pub. L. 111–203 added par. (9). 1996—Par. (7). Pub. L. 104–208 substituted “affiliated business arrangement” for “controlled business arrangement”. 1992—Par. (1)(A). Pub. L. 102–550, § 908(b), inserted “or subordinate” after “first” and “, including any such secured loan, the proceeds of which are used to prepay or pay off an existing loan secured by the same property” after “families”. Par. (3). Pub. L. 102–550, § 908(a), inserted “the origination of a federally related mortgage loan (including, but not limited to, the taking of loan applications, loan processing, and the underwriting and funding of loans),” after “broker,”. 1983—Pars. (7), (8). Pub. L. 98–181 added pars. (7) and (8). 1976—Par. (1). Pub. L. 94–205, § 2(1), inserted “(other than temporary financing such as a construction loan)” in introductory text. Par. (1)(A). Pub. L. 94–205, § 2(2), inserted “a first lien on” after “is secured by”. Par. (1)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 94–205, § 2(3)–(5), substituted “is intended to be sold by the originating lender to” for “is eligible for purchase by” and “a” and “is to” for “from any” and “could”, respectively, and struck out “or” after “the Government National Mortgage Association”. Par. (1)(B)(iv). Pub. L. 94–205, § 2(6), inserted “, except that for the purpose of this chapter, the term ‘creditor’ does not include any agency or instrumentality of any State” after “more than $1,000,000 per year”.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2010 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 111–203 effective on the designated transfer date, see section 1100H of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as a note under section 552a of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Effective Date of 1992 AmendmentPub. L. 102–550, title IX, § 908(d), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3874, provided that: “This section [amending this section and enacting provisions set out below] shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 28, 1992] and shall not apply retroactively.”

Effective Date of 1983 AmendmentPub. L. 98–181, title I [title IV, § 461(f)], Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1232, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 2607, 2614, and 2617 of this title] shall become effective on January 1, 1984.”

Effective Date of 1976 AmendmentPub. L. 94–205, § 12, Jan. 2, 1976, 89 Stat. 1160, provided that: “The provisions of this Act and the amendments made hereby [enacting section 2617 of this title, amending this section, sections 2603, 2604, 2607, 2609, and 2616 of this title, and section 1631 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, repealing sections 2605 and 2606 of this title, and enacting and amending provisions set out as notes under section 2601 of this title] shall become effective upon enactment [Jan. 2, 1976]. The Secretary may suspend for up to one hundred and eighty days from the date of enactment of this Act [Jan. 2, 1976] any provision of section 4 and section 5 of the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act of 1974 [sections 2603 and 2604 of this title], as amended by this Act.”

Effective DateSection effective 180 days after Dec. 22, 1974, see section 20 of Pub. L. 93–533, set out as a note under section 2601 of this title.

RegulationsPub. L. 102–550, title IX, § 908(c), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3874, provided that: “The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall issue regulations to implement the amendments made by this section [amending this section] not later than the expiration of the 180-day period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 28, 1992]. The regulations shall be issued after notice and opportunity for public comment pursuant to the provisions of section 553 of title 5, United States Code (notwithstanding subsections (a)(2), (b)(B), and (d)(3) of such section).”