republic-os/legal/us/code/title-12/chapter-45/section-4403.md

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LegalText	12 U.S.C. § 4403	Bilateral netting	us	united_states_code	code_section	12	BANKS AND BANKING	45	PAYMENT SYSTEM RISK REDUCTION	4403	12 U.S.C. § 4403	current	119-100	2026-06-26	official	https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc12@119-100.zip	/us/usc/t12/s4403	data/legal/raw/us/code/title-12/usc12.xml	8ca4156f9ce7ac69d8341105b915b56523dacddf4906d317636b79964194ddc2	e6b98700ef4156ac33fde5d105824845d727afa91a53f3762be2cf4d1a3b01fa	e54c2670b449ea0923f359df40d0cb41213307ece6deac4c8395faa7ebee358a	2026-07-04	official	legal us-code

12 U.S.C. § 4403 - Bilateral netting

Text

(a) General rule Notwithstanding any other provision of State or Federal law (other than section 1821(e) of this title, section 5390(c) of this title, section 4617 of this title, section 1787(c) of this title, or any order authorized under section 78eee(b)(2) of title 15), the covered contractual payment obligations and the covered contractual payment entitlements between any 2 financial institutions shall be terminated, liquidated, accelerated, and netted in accordance with, and subject to the conditions of, the terms of any applicable netting contract (except as provided in section 561(b)(2) of title 11).

(b) Limitation on obligation to make payment The only obligation, if any, of a financial institution to make payment with respect to covered contractual payment obligations to another financial institution shall be equal to its net obligation to such other financial institution, and no such obligation shall exist if there is no net obligation.

(c) Limitation on right to receive payment The only right, if any, of a financial institution to receive payments with respect to covered contractual payment entitlements from another financial institution shall be equal to its net entitlement with respect to such other financial institution, and no such right shall exist if there is no net entitlement.

(d) Payment of net entitlement of failed financial institution The net entitlement of any failed financial institution, if any, shall be paid to the failed financial institution in accordance with, and subject to the conditions of, the applicable netting contract.

(e) Effectiveness notwithstanding status as financial institution This section shall be given effect notwithstanding that a financial institution is a failed financial institution.

(f) Enforceability of security agreements The provisions of any security agreement or arrangement or other credit enhancement related to one or more netting contracts between any 2 financial institutions shall be enforceable in accordance with their terms (except as provided in section 561(b)(2) of title 11), and shall not be stayed, avoided, or otherwise limited by any State or Federal law (other than section 1821(e) of this title, section 1787(c) of this title, and section 78eee(b)(2) of title 15).

(Pub. L. 102–242, title IV, § 403, Dec. 19, 1991, 105 Stat. 2374; Pub. L. 109–8, title IX, § 906(b), Apr. 20, 2005, 119 Stat. 168; Pub. L. 109–390, § 4(a), Dec. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 2695; Pub. L. 111–203, title II, § 211(c), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1514.)

Notes

Editorial Notes

Amendments2010—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 111–203 inserted “section 5390(c) of this title, section 4617 of this title,” after “section 1821(e) of this title,”. 2006—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–390 struck out “paragraphs (8)(E), (8)(F), and (10)(B) of” before “section 1821(e)” and “section 1787(c)” and inserted “terminated, liquidated, accelerated, and” after “institutions shall be”. Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 109–390, § 4(a)(1), struck out “paragraphs (8)(E), (8)(F), and (10)(B) of” before “section 1821(e)” and “section 1787(c)”. 2005—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–8, § 906(b)(1), added subsec. (a) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (a). Text read as follows: “Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the covered contractual payment obligations and the covered contractual payment entitlements between any 2 financial institutions shall be netted in accordance with, and subject to the conditions of, the terms of any applicable netting contract.” Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 109–8, § 906(b)(2), added subsec. (f).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2010 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 111–203 effective 1 day after July 21, 2010, except as otherwise provided, see section 4 of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as an Effective Date note under section 5301 of this title.

Effective Date of 2006 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 109–390 not applicable to any cases commenced under Title 11, Bankruptcy, or to appointments made under any Federal or State law, before Dec. 12, 2006, see section 7 of Pub. L. 109–390, set out as a note under section 101 of Title 11.

Effective Date of 2005 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 109–8 effective 180 days after Apr. 20, 2005, and not applicable with respect to cases commenced under Title 11, Bankruptcy, before such effective date, except as otherwise provided, see section 1501 of Pub. L. 109–8, set out as a note under section 101 of Title 11.