republic-os/legal/us/code/title-12/chapter-45/section-4404.md

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LegalText	12 U.S.C. § 4404	Clearing organization netting	us	united_states_code	code_section	12	BANKS AND BANKING	45	PAYMENT SYSTEM RISK REDUCTION	4404	12 U.S.C. § 4404	current	119-100	2026-06-26	official	https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc12@119-100.zip	/us/usc/t12/s4404	data/legal/raw/us/code/title-12/usc12.xml	3e16aa22f6fd02a09f862aba2ac5b1149c585cc717d1cb5039e2a38e954c071d	e6b98700ef4156ac33fde5d105824845d727afa91a53f3762be2cf4d1a3b01fa	bb42a25fd8cf57e34cc77cbfa85d012c551b8683975a69edf8142c152db29e6c	2026-07-04	official	legal us-code

12 U.S.C. § 4404 - Clearing organization netting

Text

(a) General rule Notwithstanding any other provision of State or Federal law (other than section 1821(e) of this title, section 1787(c) of this title, and any order authorized under section 78eee(b)(2) of title 15), the covered contractual payment obligations and the covered contractual payment entitlements of a member of a clearing organization to and from all other members of a clearing organization shall be terminated, liquidated, accelerated, and netted in accordance with and subject to the conditions of any applicable netting contract (except as provided in section 561(b)(2) of title 11).

(b) Limitation of obligation to make payment The only obligation, if any, of a member of a clearing organization to make payment with respect to covered contractual payment obligations arising under a single netting contract to any other member of a clearing organization shall be equal to its net obligation arising under that netting contract, and no such obligation shall exist if there is no net obligation.

(c) Limitation on right to receive payment The only right, if any, of a member of a clearing organization to receive payment with respect to a covered contractual payment entitlement arising under a single netting contract from other members of a clearing organization shall be equal to its net entitlement arising under that netting contract, and no such right shall exist if there is no net entitlement.

(d) Entitlement of failed members The net entitlement, if any, of any failed member of a clearing organization shall be paid to the failed member in accordance with, and subject to the conditions of, the applicable netting contract.

(e) Obligations of failed members The net obligation, if any, of any failed member of a clearing organization shall be determined in accordance with, and subject to the conditions of, the applicable netting contract.

(f) Limitation on claims for entitlement A failed member of a clearing organization shall have no recognizable claim against any member of a clearing organization for any amount based on such covered contractual payment entitlements other than its net entitlement.

(g) Effectiveness notwithstanding status as member This section shall be given effect notwithstanding that a member is a failed member.

(h) Enforceability of security agreements The provisions of any security agreement or arrangement or other credit enhancement related to one or more netting contracts between any 2 members of a clearing organization shall be enforceable in accordance with their terms (except as provided in section 561(b)(2) of title 11), and shall not be stayed, avoided, or otherwise limited by any State or Federal law (other than section 1821(e) of this title, section 1787(c) of this title, and section 78eee(b)(2) of title 15).

(Pub. L. 102–242, title IV, § 404, Dec. 19, 1991, 105 Stat. 2374; Pub. L. 109–8, title IX, § 906(c), Apr. 20, 2005, 119 Stat. 168; Pub. L. 109–390, § 4(b), Dec. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 2695.)

Notes

Editorial Notes

Amendments2006—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–390 struck out “paragraphs (8)(E), (8)(F), and (10)(B) of” before “section 1821(e)” and “section 1787(c)” and inserted “terminated, liquidated, accelerated, and” after “organization shall be”. Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 109–390, § 4(b)(1), struck out “paragraphs (8)(E), (8)(F), and (10)(B) of” before “section 1821(e)” and “section 1787(c)”. 2005—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–8, § 906(c)(1), added subsec. (a) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (a). Text read as follows: “Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the covered contractual payment obligations and covered contractual payment entitlements of a member of a clearing organization to and from all other members of a clearing organization shall be netted in accordance with and subject to the conditions of any applicable netting contract.” Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 109–8, § 906(c)(2), added subsec. (h).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2006 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 109–390 not applicable to any cases commenced under Title 11, Bankruptcy, or to appointments made under any Federal or State law, before Dec. 12, 2006, see section 7 of Pub. L. 109–390, set out as a note under section 101 of Title 11, Bankruptcy.

Effective Date of 2005 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 109–8 effective 180 days after Apr. 20, 2005, and not applicable with respect to cases commenced under Title 11, Bankruptcy, before such effective date, except as otherwise provided, see section 1501 of Pub. L. 109–8, set out as a note under section 101 of Title 11.