Fabio
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Ingested titles 12–51 and 54 from OLRC USLM XML @119-100 (the whole Code now, uniform edition; Title 53 is reserved/empty). LegalText 11,221 -> 59,740; repo total 105,704 records. Deterministic (byte-identical rerun, verified on Title 42's 8,356 sections); make check green. make legal-us-code default now covers every title. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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| LegalText | 15 U.S.C. § 77o | Liability of controlling persons | us | united_states_code | code_section | 15 | COMMERCE AND TRADE | 2A | SECURITIES AND TRUST INDENTURES | 77o | 15 U.S.C. § 77o | current | 119-100 | 2026-06-26 | official | https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc15@119-100.zip | /us/usc/t15/s77o | data/legal/raw/us/code/title-15/usc15.xml | 386a924a2b6f53068309049e02219d9eefa76f4372d3f03c3c5382ccbe8c6142 | 6982338d990ef19d6b52bff6825089bdd6d0ee1233d9382673faf533decd5059 | a64a857dbb76aa79b31ffff6688d5311dbfb03f7def0998364d355a8a70f1547 | 2026-07-04 | official |
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15 U.S.C. § 77o - Liability of controlling persons
Text
(a) Controlling persons Every person who, by or through stock ownership, agency, or otherwise, or who, pursuant to or in connection with an agreement or understanding with one or more other persons by or through stock ownership, agency, or otherwise, controls any person liable under sections 77k or 77l of this title, shall also be liable jointly and severally with and to the same extent as such controlled person to any person to whom such controlled person is liable, unless the controlling person had no knowledge of or reasonable ground to believe in the existence of the facts by reason of which the liability of the controlled person is alleged to exist.
(b) Prosecution of persons who aid and abet violations For purposes of any action brought by the Commission under subparagraph (b) or (d) of section 77t of this title, any person that knowingly or recklessly provides substantial assistance to another person in violation of a provision of this subchapter, or of any rule or regulation issued under this subchapter, shall be deemed to be in violation of such provision to the same extent as the person to whom such assistance is provided.
(May 27, 1933, ch. 38, title I, § 15, 48 Stat. 84; June 6, 1934, ch. 404, title II, § 208, 48 Stat. 908; Pub. L. 111–203, title IX, § 929M(a), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1861.)
Notes
Editorial Notes
Amendments2010—Pub. L. 111–203 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted heading, and added subsec. (b). 1934—Act June 6, 1934, exempted from liability controlling persons having no knowledge or reasonable grounds for belief.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 2010 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 111–203 effective 1 day after July 21, 2010, except as otherwise provided, see section 4 of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as an Effective Date note under section 5301 of Title 12, Banks and Banking.