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Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-07-06 10:51:44 -04:00

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LegalText 15 U.S.C. § 4016 Protection conferred by certificate of review us united_states_code code_section 15 COMMERCE AND TRADE 66 PROMOTION OF EXPORT TRADE 4016 15 U.S.C. § 4016 current 119-100 2026-06-26 official https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc15@119-100.zip /us/usc/t15/s4016 data/legal/raw/us/code/title-15/usc15.xml 456ee0c57345144572a16fce3601dd7a3becb916555c594159e167197fdff1ad 6982338d990ef19d6b52bff6825089bdd6d0ee1233d9382673faf533decd5059 b3e537f990108ad3945dcd274339adf73a7f0c47e131d5efe1ac95dbf40b7c0e 2026-07-04 official
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15 U.S.C. § 4016 - Protection conferred by certificate of review

Text

(a) Protection from civil or criminal antitrust actions Except as provided in subsection (b), no criminal or civil action may be brought under the antitrust laws against a person to whom a certificate of review is issued which is based on conduct which is specified in, and complies with the terms of, a certificate issued under section 4013 of this title which certificate was in effect when the conduct occurred.

(b) Special restraint of trade civil actions; time limitations; certificate governed conduct presumed in compliance; award of costs to successful defendant; suit by Attorney General (1) Any person who has been injured as a result of conduct engaged in under a certificate of review may bring a civil action for injunctive relief, actual damages, the loss of interest on actual damages, and the cost of suit (including a reasonable attorneys fee) for the failure to comply with the standards of section 4013(a) of this title. Any action commenced under this subchapter shall proceed as if it were an action commenced under section 15 or section 26 of this title, except that the standards of section 4013(a) of this title and the remedies provided in this paragraph shall be the exclusive standards and remedies applicable to such action.

(2) Any action brought under paragraph (1) shall be filed within two years of the date the plaintiff has notice of the failure to comply with the standards of section 4013(a) of this title but in any event within four years after the cause of action accrues.

(3) In any action brought under paragraph (1), there shall be a presumption that conduct which is specified in and complies with a certificate of review does comply with the standards of section 4013(a) of this title.

(4) In any action brought under paragraph (1), if the court finds that the conduct does comply with the standards of section 4013(a) of this title, the court shall award to the person against whom the claim is brought the cost of suit attributable to defending against the claim (including a reasonable attorneys fee).

(5) The Attorney General may file suit pursuant to section 25 of this title to enjoin conduct threatening clear and irreparable harm to the national interest.

(Pub. L. 97290, title III, § 306, Oct. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 1243.)

Notes

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective DateSection effective Oct. 8, 1982, see section 312 of Pub. L. 97290, set out as a note under section 4011 of this title.