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Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-07-06 10:51:44 -04:00

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LegalText 18 U.S.C. § 3497 Account as evidence of embezzlement us united_states_code code_section 18 CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE 223 WITNESSES AND EVIDENCE 3497 18 U.S.C. § 3497 current 119-100 2026-06-26 official https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip /us/usc/t18/s3497 data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml d1a9ca7ef2335cf6e74fb551182b3406993348002786c2effea917fd02fa0e30 1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708 76bc3c6af711ce9a3ec22475fc1ae32d96009e62428a852029f78141c8993ba1 2026-07-04 official
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18 U.S.C. § 3497 - Account as evidence of embezzlement

Text

Upon the trial of any indictment against any person for embezzling public money it shall be sufficient evidence, prima facie, for the purpose of showing a balance against such person, to produce a transcript from the books and proceedings of the Government Accountability Office.

(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 836; Pub. L. 108271, § 8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814.)

Notes

Historical and Revision NotesBased on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §§ 179, 355; section 668 of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Judicial Code and Judiciary (R.S. § 887; Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, §§ 93, 225, 35 Stat. 1105, 1133; June 10, 1921, ch. 18, § 304, 42 Stat. 24). This section is a consolidation of section 179 of title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., with similar provisions of section 355 of title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., and section 668 of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Judicial Code and Judiciary, with changes of phraseology only except that “General Accounting Office” was substituted for “Treasury Department”. Other provisions of said section 355 of title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., are incorporated in section 1711 of this title. Words in second sentence of said section 355 of title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., which preceded the semicolon therein and which read “Any failure to produce or to pay over any such money or property, when required so to do as above provided, shall be taken to be prima facie evidence of such embezzlement” were omitted as surplusage, because such failure to produce or to pay over such money or property constitutes embezzlement. (See sections 653 and 1711 of this title.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments2004—Pub. L. 108271 substituted “Government Accountability Office” for “General Accounting Office”.