republic-os/legal/us/code/title-22/chapter-32/section-2197.md

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LegalText	22 U.S.C. § 2197	General provisions relating to insurance, guaranty, financing, and reinsurance programs	us	united_states_code	code_section	22	FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE	32	FOREIGN ASSISTANCE	2197	22 U.S.C. § 2197	current	119-100	2026-06-26	official	https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc22@119-100.zip	/us/usc/t22/s2197	data/legal/raw/us/code/title-22/usc22.xml	b0c3ccbe42ae2f0f2860664a401a1bc12f286244abc4335b328eb8c0d04ef7d1	b9c63ede722f5e0bf8eabfe9029e06e312ab9bcfd95c4d1424ed515baff1df83	f1f1648649c2ead11af38f80323a965ec4e47bf4901965e051f1834474de90be	2026-07-04	official	legal us-code

22 U.S.C. § 2197 - General provisions relating to insurance, guaranty, financing, and reinsurance programs

Text

(a) to (f). Repealed. Pub. L. 115–254, div. F, title VI, § 1464(2), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3513

(g) Fraud or misrepresentation No payment may be made under any guaranty, insurance, or reinsurance issued pursuant to this subpart for any loss arising out of fraud or misrepresentation for which the party seeking payment is responsible.

(h) to (k) Repealed. Pub. L. 115–254, div. F, title VI, § 1464(2), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3513

(l) Convictions under Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977; prohibition on payments for losses resulting from unlawful activities; suspension from eligibility of receipt of financial support (1) No payment may be made under any insurance or reinsurance which is issued under this subpart on or after April 24, 1978, for any loss occurring with respect to a project, if the preponderant cause of such loss was an act by the investor seeking payment under this subpart, by a person possessing majority ownership and control of the investor at the time of the act, or by any agent of such investor or controlling person, and a court of the United States has entered a final judgment that such act constituted a violation under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977.

(2) Not later than 120 days after April 24, 1978, the Corporation shall adopt regulations setting forth appropriate conditions under which any person convicted under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 for an offense related to a project insured or otherwise supported by the Corporation shall be suspended, for a period of not more than five years, from eligibility to receive any insurance, reinsurance, guaranty, loan, or other financial support authorized by this subpart.

(m) Notification of countries of environmental restrictions on certain activities (1) Before finally providing insurance, reinsurance, guarantees, or financing under this subpart for any environmentally sensitive investment in connection with a project in a country, the Corporation shall notify appropriate government officials of that country of—

(A) all guidelines and other standards adopted by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and any other international organization relating to the public health or safety or the environment which are applicable to the project; and

(B) to the maximum extent practicable, any restriction under any law of the United States relating to public health or safety or the environment that would apply to the project if the project were undertaken in the United States.

The notification under the preceding sentence shall include a summary of the guidelines, standards, and restrictions referred to in subparagraphs (A) and (B), and may include any environmental impact statement, assessment, review, or study prepared with respect to the investment pursuant to section 2199(g) 11 See References in Text note below. of this title.

(2) Before finally providing insurance, reinsurance, guarantees, or financing for any investment subject to paragraph (1), the Corporation shall take into account any comments it receives on the project involved.

(3) On or before September 30, 1986, the Corporation shall notify appropriate government officials of a country of the guidelines, standards, and legal restrictions described in paragraph (1) that apply to any project in that country—

(A) which the Corporation identifies as potentially posing major hazards to public health and safety or the environment; and

(B) for which the Corporation provided insurance, reinsurance, guarantees, or financing under this subpart before December 23, 1985, and which is in the Corporation’s portfolio on that date.

(n) Penalties for fraud Whoever knowingly makes any false statement or report, or willfully overvalues any land, property, or security, for the purpose of influencing in any way the action of the Corporation with respect to any insurance, reinsurance, guarantee, loan, equity investment, or other activity of the Corporation under section 2194 1 of this title or any change or extension of any such insurance, reinsurance, guarantee, loan, equity investment, or activity, by renewal, deferment of action or otherwise, or the acceptance, release, or substitution of security therefor, shall be fined not more than $1,000,000 or imprisoned not more than 30 years, or both.

(Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, § 237, as added Pub. L. 91–175, pt. I, § 105, Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 814; amended Pub. L. 93–390, § 2(4), Aug. 27, 1974, 88 Stat. 767; Pub. L. 95–268, §§ 5, 6, Apr. 24, 1978, 92 Stat. 215; Pub. L. 97–65, § 6, Oct. 16, 1981, 95 Stat. 1023; Pub. L. 99–204, §§ 4(b), 6(b), 9(b)(2), Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1670, 1671, 1673; Pub. L. 100–461, title V, § 555, Oct. 1, 1988, 102 Stat. 2268–36; Pub. L. 102–549, title I, § 105, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3652; Pub. L. 115–254, div. F, title VI, § 1464(2), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3513.)

Notes

Editorial Notes

References in TextThe Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, referred to in subsec. (l), is title I of Pub. L. 95–213, Dec. 19, 1977, 91 Stat. 1494, which enacted sections 78dd–1 to 78dd–3 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, and amended sections 78m and 78ff of Title 15. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1977 Amendment note set out under section 78a of Title 15 and Tables. Section 2199(g) of this title, referred to in subsec. (m)(1), was repealed by Pub. L. 115–254, div. F, title VI, § 1464(2), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3513. Section 2194 of this title, referred to in subsec. (n), was repealed by Pub. L. 115–254, div. F, title VI, § 1464(2), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3513.

Codification Amendment by Pub. L. 100–461 is based on section 110(c) of title I of H.R. 5263, One Hundredth Congress, as passed by the House of Representatives on Sept. 20, 1988, and section 110(c) of title I of S. 2757, One Hundredth Congress, as reported Sept. 7, 1988, and enacted into law by Pub. L. 100–461.

Amendments2018—Subsecs. (a) to (f), (h) to (k), (o). Pub. L. 115–254 repealed subsecs. (a) to (f), (h) to (k), and (o) which related to scope, protection of interest, guaranties as obligations backed by full faith and credit of United States, fees, maximum term of obligation, limitations on amounts, limits of obligation, claims settlement, presumption of compliance, balance of payments, and use of local currencies, respectively. 1992—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 102–549, § 105(a), amended subsec. (d) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (d) read as follows: “Fees shall be charged for insurance, guaranty, and reinsurance coverage in amounts to be determined by the Corporation. In the event fees charged for investment insurance, guaranties, or reinsurance are reduced, fees to be paid under existing contracts for the same type of insurance, guaranties, or reinsurance and for similar guaranties issued under predecessor guaranty authority may be reduced.” Subsecs. (n), (o). Pub. L. 102–549, § 105(b), (c), added subsecs. (n) and (o). 1988—Pub. L. 100–461 inserted reference to financing in section catchline. 1985—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 99–204, § 6(b), added cl. (3). Pub. L. 99–204, § 9(b)(2), inserted “or 2194b” after “section 2194”. Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 99–204, § 4(b), added subsec. (m). 1981—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 97–65 substituted “Compensation for insurance, reinsurance, or guaranties issued under this subpart shall not exceed the dollar value, as of the date of the investment, of the investment made in the project with the approval of the Corporation plus interest, earnings, or profits actually accrued on such investment to the extent provided by such insurance, reinsurance, or guaranty, except that the Corporation may provide that (1) appropriate adjustments in the insured dollar value be made to reflect the replacement cost of project assets, and (2) compensation for a claim of loss under insurance of an equity investment may be computed on the basis of the net book value attributable to such equity investment on the date of loss” for “No insurance, reinsurance, or guaranty issued under this subpart shall exceed the dollar value, as of the date of the investment, of the investment made in the project with the approval of the Corporation plus interest, earnings or profits actually accrued on said investment to the extent provided by such insurance, reinsurance, or guaranty, except that the Corporation may provide for appropriate adjustments in the insured dollar value to reflect the replacement cost of project assets”, and struck out provision that the preceding sentence not apply to the extent not permitted by State law. 1978—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 95–268, § 5, inserted provisions excepting from dollar amounts adjustments in the insured dollar amounts to reflect replacement cost of project assets, and provisions excepting from limitations loans by banks or other financial institutions to unrelated parties. Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 95–268, § 6, added subsec. (l). 1974—Subsecs. (a) to (c). Pub. L. 93–390, § 2(4)(A)–(C), inserted references to reinsurance wherever appearing. Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 93–390, § 2(4)(D), inserted provisions authorizing fees to be charged for reinsurance and reduction of reinsurance fees under existing contracts in the event fees charged for reinsurance are reduced. Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 93–390, § 2(4)(E), inserted reference to reinsurance. Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 93–390, § 2(4)(F), (G), inserted “reinsurance” before “or guaranty” wherever appearing and provisions relating to limitations on the amount of direct insurance or reinsurance. Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 93–390, § 2(4)(H), inserted applicability to insurance and reinsurance. Subsecs. (h) to (k). Pub. L. 93–390, § 2(4)(I)–(K), inserted reference to reinsurance wherever appearing.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 115–254 effective at the end of the transition period, as defined in section 9681 of this title, see section 9684 of this title.

Executive Documents

Delegation of Functions For delegation of functions of President under this section, see Ex. Ord. No. 12163, Sept. 29, 1979, 44 F.R. 56673, as amended, set out as a note under section 2381 of this title.