republic-os/legal/us/code/title-25/chapter-18/section-1665.md

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LegalText	25 U.S.C. § 1665	Definitions	us	united_states_code	code_section	25	INDIANS	18	INDIAN HEALTH CARE	1665	25 U.S.C. § 1665	current	119-100	2026-06-26	official	https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc25@119-100.zip	/us/usc/t25/s1665	data/legal/raw/us/code/title-25/usc25.xml	2ba6cc9d88ede30b80e493f90ebb5b1071279c1f8daf7da0912ee8c1eda94b90	d4661d83bff6862be548ac8e843ba61e942ed983aade7cf83cb7dbc3dcd08168	6c09e7243520e421646fe9f3374912bcfa52172f8909841aac9037edfaae8300	2026-07-04	official	legal us-code

25 U.S.C. § 1665 - Definitions

Text

In this part:

(1) Alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorders; ARND The term “alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorders” or “ARND” means, with a history of maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy, central nervous system abnormalities, which may range from minor intellectual deficits and developmental delays to mental retardation. ARND children may have behavioral problems, learning disabilities, problems with executive functioning, and attention disorders. The neurological defects of ARND may be as severe as FAS, but facial anomalies and other physical characteristics are not present in ARND, thus making diagnosis difficult.

(2) Assessment The term “assessment” means the systematic collection, analysis, and dissemination of information on health status, health needs, and health problems.

(3) Behavioral health aftercare The term “behavioral health aftercare” includes those activities and resources used to support recovery following inpatient, residential, intensive substance abuse, or mental health outpatient or outpatient treatment. The purpose is to help prevent or deal with relapse by ensuring that by the time a client or patient is discharged from a level of care, such as outpatient treatment, an aftercare plan has been developed with the client. An aftercare plan may use such resources as a community-based therapeutic group, transitional living facilities, a 12-step sponsor, a local 12-step or other related support group, and other community-based providers.

(4) Dual diagnosis The term “dual diagnosis” means coexisting substance abuse and mental illness conditions or diagnosis. Such clients are sometimes referred to as mentally ill chemical abusers (MICAs).

(5) Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (A) In general The term “fetal alcohol spectrum disorders” includes a range of effects that can occur in an individual whose mother drank alcohol during pregnancy, including physical, mental, behavioral, and/or learning disabilities with possible lifelong implications.

(B) Inclusions The term “fetal alcohol spectrum disorders” may include—

(i) fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS);

(ii) partial fetal alcohol syndrome (partial FAS);

(iii) alcohol-related birth defects (ARBD); and

(iv) alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorders (ARND).

(6) FAS or fetal alcohol syndrome The term “FAS” or “fetal alcohol syndrome” means a syndrome in which, with a history of maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy, the following criteria are met:

(A) Central nervous system involvement, such as mental retardation, developmental delay, intellectual deficit, microencephaly, or neurological abnormalities.

(B) Craniofacial abnormalities with at least 2 of the following:

(i) Microophthalmia.

(ii) Short palpebral fissures.

(iii) Poorly developed philtrum.

(iv) Thin upper lip.

(v) Flat nasal bridge.

(vi) Short upturned nose.

(C) Prenatal or postnatal growth delay.

(7) Rehabilitation The term “rehabilitation” means medical and health care services that—

(A) are recommended by a physician or licensed practitioner of the healing arts within the scope of their practice under applicable law;

(B) are furnished in a facility, home, or other setting in accordance with applicable standards; and

(C) have as their purpose any of the following:

(i) The maximum attainment of physical, mental, and developmental functioning.

(ii) Averting deterioration in physical or mental functional status.

(iii) The maintenance of physical or mental health functional status.

(8) Substance abuse The term “substance abuse” includes inhalant abuse.

(Pub. L. 94–437, title VII, § 701, as added Pub. L. 111–148, title X, § 10221(a), Mar. 23, 2010, 124 Stat. 935.)

Notes

Editorial Notes

Codification Section 701 of Pub. L. 94–437 is based on section 181 of title I of S. 1790, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, as reported by the Committee on Indian Affairs of the Senate in Dec. 2009, which was enacted into law by section 10221(a) of Pub. L. 111–148.

Prior ProvisionsA prior section 1665, Pub. L. 94–437, title VII, § 701, as added Pub. L. 102–573, title VII, § 702(a), Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 4572, related to responsibilities of Indian Health Service for alcohol and substance abuse prevention and treatment, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 111–148.