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Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-07-06 10:51:44 -04:00

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LegalText 28 U.S.C. § 1691 Seal and teste of process us united_states_code code_section 28 JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE 113 PROCESS 1691 28 U.S.C. § 1691 current 119-100 2026-06-26 official https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc28@119-100.zip /us/usc/t28/s1691 data/legal/raw/us/code/title-28/usc28.xml 2d7ffb8c307bf0d7c8cf1a4e0e8642a6bf8947dcc936be3106b6547ca88e7507 3390f867a2c02f5d0c496269da780795fe19663a090a3040c64a9ee0a541cdcf ea35a24ee83506af5407566e109322be68e0594bbcbbe5d238549b230a2244a8 2026-07-04 official
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28 U.S.C. § 1691 - Seal and teste of process

Text

All writs and process issuing from a court of the United States shall be under the seal of the court and signed by the clerk thereof.

(June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 945.)

Notes

Historical and Revision NotesBased on title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 721 (R.S. § 911; Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 231, § 291, 36 Stat. 1167). Provisions as to teste of process issuing from the district courts were omitted as superseded by Rule 4 (b) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Provision for teste of the Chief Justice of writs and process was omitted as unnecessary. A provision requiring the United States to bear the expense of providing seals was omitted as unnecessary and obsolete. Changes were made in phraseology.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Immunity From Seizure Under Judicial Process of Cultural Objects Imported for Temporary Exhibition or DisplayPresidential determination of cultural significance of objects and exhibition or display thereof in the national interest, see section 2459 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.