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Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-07-06 10:51:44 -04:00

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LegalText 28 U.S.C. § 4104 Declaratory judgments us united_states_code code_section 28 JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE 181 FOREIGN JUDGMENTS 4104 28 U.S.C. § 4104 current 119-100 2026-06-26 official https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc28@119-100.zip /us/usc/t28/s4104 data/legal/raw/us/code/title-28/usc28.xml fc6bdaa6ec25ff817167c2e74ba158a93267cdf99c1f44d7a7fd0a9dfb1a6a4e 3390f867a2c02f5d0c496269da780795fe19663a090a3040c64a9ee0a541cdcf c118c2cdfcb556ad48167188782bc54f8e1c2f8aec7e611b23fb42c9e5362c3c 2026-07-04 official
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28 U.S.C. § 4104 - Declaratory judgments

Text

(a) Cause of Action.— (1) In general.— Any United States person against whom a foreign judgment is entered on the basis of the content of any writing, utterance, or other speech by that person that has been published, may bring an action in district court, under section 2201(a), for a declaration that the foreign judgment is repugnant to the Constitution or laws of the United States. For the purposes of this paragraph, a judgment is repugnant to the Constitution or laws of the United States if it would not be enforceable under section 4102(a), (b), or (c).

(2) Burden of establishing unenforceability of judgment.— The party bringing an action under paragraph (1) shall bear the burden of establishing that the foreign judgment would not be enforceable under section 4102(a), (b), or (c).

(b) Nationwide Service of Process.— Where an action under this section is brought in a district court of the United States, process may be served in the judicial district where the case is brought or any other judicial district of the United States where the defendant may be found, resides, has an agent, or transacts business.

(Added Pub. L. 111223, § 3(a), Aug. 10, 2010, 124 Stat. 2383.)