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LegalText 28 U.S.C. § 1409 Venue of proceedings arising under title 11 or arising in or related to cases under title 11 us united_states_code code_section 28 JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE 87 DISTRICT COURTS; VENUE 1409 28 U.S.C. § 1409 current 119-100 2026-06-26 official https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc28@119-100.zip /us/usc/t28/s1409 data/legal/raw/us/code/title-28/usc28.xml 75905f9d58ed0db6c47ef0ce11ad086293116b21c1585b78f820d90fb6306464 3390f867a2c02f5d0c496269da780795fe19663a090a3040c64a9ee0a541cdcf 70bc2df6c0161a4fe2f9c2b66d95d40e00f29106b5279ae4f972382c570ca53f 2026-07-04 official
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28 U.S.C. § 1409 - Venue of proceedings arising under title 11 or arising in or related to cases under title 11

Text

(a) Except as otherwise provided in subsections (b) and (d), a proceeding arising under title 11 or arising in or related to a case under title 11 may be commenced in the district court in which such case is pending.

(b) Except as provided in subsection (d) of this section, a trustee in a case under title 11 may commence a proceeding arising in or related to such case to recover a money judgment of or property worth less than $1,000 11 See Adjustment of Dollar Amounts notes below. or a consumer debt of less than $15,000,1 or a debt (excluding a consumer debt) against a noninsider of less than $25,000, only in the district court for the district in which the defendant resides.

(c) Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, a trustee in a case under title 11 may commence a proceeding arising in or related to such case as statutory successor to the debtor or creditors under section 541 or 544(b) of title 11 in the district court for the district where the State or Federal court sits in which, under applicable nonbankruptcy venue provisions, the debtor or creditors, as the case may be, may have commenced an action on which such proceeding is based if the case under title 11 had not been commenced.

(d) A trustee may commence a proceeding arising under title 11 or arising in or related to a case under title 11 based on a claim arising after the commencement of such case from the operation of the business of the debtor only in the district court for the district where a State or Federal court sits in which, under applicable nonbankruptcy venue provisions, an action on such claim may have been brought.

(e) A proceeding arising under title 11 or arising in or related to a case under title 11, based on a claim arising after the commencement of such case from the operation of the business of the debtor, may be commenced against the representative of the estate in such case in the district court for the district where the State or Federal court sits in which the party commencing such proceeding may, under applicable nonbankruptcy venue provisions, have brought an action on such claim, or in the district court in which such case is pending.

(Added Pub. L. 98353, title I, § 102(a), July 10, 1984, 98 Stat. 334; amended Pub. L. 1098, title IV, § 410, Apr. 20, 2005, 119 Stat. 106; Pub. L. 11654, § 3(b), Aug. 23, 2019, 133 Stat. 1085.)

Notes

Editorial Notes

Amendments2019—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 11654 substituted “$25,000” for “$10,000”. 2005—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 1098 substituted “$15,000, or a debt (excluding a consumer debt) against a noninsider of less than $10,000,” for “$5,000”.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2019 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 11654 effective 180 days after Aug. 23, 2019, see section 5 of Pub. L. 11654, set out as a note under section 101 of Title 11, Bankruptcy.

Effective Date of 2005 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 1098 effective 180 days after Apr. 20, 2005, and not applicable with respect to cases commenced under Title 11, Bankruptcy, before such effective date, except as otherwise provided, see section 1501 of Pub. L. 1098, set out as a note under section 101 of Title 11.

Effective DateSection effective July 10, 1984, see section 122(a) of Pub. L. 98353, set out as a note under section 151 of this title.

Court Rules and Judicial Documents

Adjustment of Dollar AmountsThe dollar amounts specified in this section were adjusted by notices of the Judicial Conference of the United States pursuant to section 104 of Title 11, Bankruptcy, as follows: By notice dated Jan. 30, 2025, 90 F.R. 8941, effective Apr. 1, 2025, and corrected at 90 F.R. 10643, in subsec. (b), dollar amounts “1,525”, “22,700”, and “27,750” were adjusted to “1,725”, “25,700”, and “31,425”, respectively. See notice of the Judicial Conference of the United States set out as a note under section 104 of Title 11. By notice dated Jan. 31, 2022, 87 F.R. 6625, effective Apr. 1, 2022, in subsec. (b), dollar amounts “1,375”, “20,450”, and “25,000” were adjusted to “1,525”, “22,700”, and “27,750”, respectively. By notice dated Feb. 5, 2019, 84 F.R. 3488, effective Apr. 1, 2019, in subsec. (b), dollar amounts “1,300”, “19,250”, and “12,850” were adjusted to “1,375”, “20,450”, and “13,650”, respectively. By notice dated Feb. 16, 2016, 81 F.R. 8748, effective Apr. 1, 2016, in subsec. (b), dollar amounts “1,250”, “18,675”, and “12,475” were adjusted to “1,300”, “19,250”, and “12,850”, respectively. By notice dated Feb. 12, 2013, 78 F.R. 12089, effective Apr. 1, 2013, in subsec. (b), dollar amounts “1,175”, “17,575”, and “11,725” were adjusted to “1,250”, “18,675”, and “12,475”, respectively. By notice dated Feb. 19, 2010, 75 F.R. 8747, effective Apr. 1, 2010, in subsec. (b), dollar amounts “1,100”, “16,425”, and “10,950” were adjusted to “1,175”, “17,575”, and “11,725”, respectively. By notice dated Feb. 7, 2007, 72 F.R. 7082, effective Apr. 1, 2007, in subsec. (b), dollar amounts “1,000”, “15,000”, and “10,000” were adjusted to “1,100”, “16,425”, and “10,950”, respectively. Pub. L. 11654 subsequently substituted “25,000” for “10,000”, see 2019 Amendment note above.