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Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-07-06 10:51:44 -04:00

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LegalText 35 U.S.C. § 295 Presumption: Product made by patented process us united_states_code code_section 35 PATENTS 29 REMEDIES FOR INFRINGEMENT OF PATENT, AND OTHER ACTIONS 295 35 U.S.C. § 295 current 119-100 2026-06-26 official https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc35@119-100.zip /us/usc/t35/s295 data/legal/raw/us/code/title-35/usc35.xml 18d070042f3c7f4050a6a02249efbb3815099d103b9ff290c81e44683735b044 736cab508592dcf50013a1aed5ab108f72fd8493e76afc46848cdc35da38bbe3 83e228b1bd03860237f2322677ea1f624310d63fff516747b692edbe9f287c9f 2026-07-04 official
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35 U.S.C. § 295 - Presumption: Product made by patented process

Text

In actions alleging infringement of a process patent based on the importation, sale, offer for sale, or use of a product which is made from a process patented in the United States, if the court finds—

(1) that a substantial likelihood exists that the product was made by the patented process, and

(2) that the plaintiff has made a reasonable effort to determine the process actually used in the production of the product and was unable to so determine,

the product shall be presumed to have been so made, and the burden of establishing that the product was not made by the process shall be on the party asserting that it was not so made.

(Added Pub. L. 100418, title IX, § 9005(a), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1566; amended Pub. L. 103465, title V, § 533(b)(7), Dec. 8, 1994, 108 Stat. 4990.)

Notes

Editorial Notes

Amendments1994—Pub. L. 103465 substituted “sale, offer for sale, or use” for “sale, or use” in introductory provisions.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1994 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 103465 effective on date that is one year after date on which the WTO Agreement enters into force with respect to the United States [Jan. 1, 1995], with provisions relating to earliest filed patent application, see section 534(a), (b)(3) of Pub. L. 103465, set out as a note under section 154 of this title.

Effective DateSection effective 6 months after Aug. 23, 1988, and, subject to enumerated exceptions, applicable only with respect to products made or imported after such effective date, see section 9006 of Pub. L. 100418, set out as an Effective Date of 1988 Amendment note under section 271 of this title.