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Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-07-06 10:51:44 -04:00

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LegalText 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Civil action for deprivation of rights us united_states_code code_section 42 THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE 21 CIVIL RIGHTS 1983 42 U.S.C. § 1983 current 119-100 2026-06-26 official https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc42@119-100.zip /us/usc/t42/s1983 data/legal/raw/us/code/title-42/usc42.xml f73b3c522f2e39f38fffb7411b00fe6340f63f160aef2f4eb3d046eaf19919a3 644321055a08eb1f260a6a3e31ac157fa024756abf612a9fd6857e7e400cf24e fc33647a2a6564490d1347fc1b587a2ce790af0c66588dba640eb1e93e7c0517 2026-07-04 official
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42 U.S.C. § 1983 - Civil action for deprivation of rights

Text

Every person who, under color of any statute, ordinance, regulation, custom, or usage, of any State or Territory or the District of Columbia, subjects, or causes to be subjected, any citizen of the United States or other person within the jurisdiction thereof to the deprivation of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution and laws, shall be liable to the party injured in an action at law, suit in equity, or other proper proceeding for redress, except that in any action brought against a judicial officer for an act or omission taken in such officers judicial capacity, injunctive relief shall not be granted unless a declaratory decree was violated or declaratory relief was unavailable. For the purposes of this section, any Act of Congress applicable exclusively to the District of Columbia shall be considered to be a statute of the District of Columbia.

(R.S. § 1979; Pub. L. 96170, § 1, Dec. 29, 1979, 93 Stat. 1284; Pub. L. 104317, title III, § 309(c), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3853.)

Notes

Editorial Notes

Codification R.S. § 1979 derived from act Apr. 20, 1871, ch. 22, § 1, 17 Stat. 13. Section was formerly classified to section 43 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality.

Amendments1996—Pub. L. 104317 inserted before period at end of first sentence “, except that in any action brought against a judicial officer for an act or omission taken in such officers judicial capacity, injunctive relief shall not be granted unless a declaratory decree was violated or declaratory relief was unavailable”. 1979—Pub. L. 96170 inserted “or the District of Columbia” after “Territory”, and provisions relating to Acts of Congress applicable solely to the District of Columbia.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1979 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 96170 applicable with respect to any deprivation of rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution and laws occurring after Dec. 29, 1979, see section 3 of Pub. L. 96170, set out as a note under section 1343 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.