republic-os/legal/us/code/title-42/chapter-7/section-1320c-1.md

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LegalText	42 U.S.C. § 1320c–1	Definition of quality improvement organization	us	united_states_code	code_section	42	THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE	7	SOCIAL SECURITY	1320c–1	42 U.S.C. § 1320c–1	current	119-100	2026-06-26	official	https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc42@119-100.zip	/us/usc/t42/s1320c–1	data/legal/raw/us/code/title-42/usc42.xml	416989577ef94223f161bf3381b1f33efb9fa1f80b1b4a6e4c2ea9ef0f141874	644321055a08eb1f260a6a3e31ac157fa024756abf612a9fd6857e7e400cf24e	6d5a18cb10f2566d856b7817e0ae604cf8a460798734ad2b1645a3e9a0e4e632	2026-07-04	official	legal us-code

42 U.S.C. § 1320c–1 - Definition of quality improvement organization

Text

The term “quality improvement organization” means an entity which—

(1) is able, as determined by the Secretary, to perform its functions under this part in a manner consistent with the efficient and effective administration of this part and subchapter XVIII;

(2) has at least one individual who is a representative of health care providers on its governing body; and

(3) has at least one individual who is a representative of consumers on its governing body.

(Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, title XI, § 1152, as added Pub. L. 97–248, title I, § 143, Sept. 3, 1982, 96 Stat. 382; amended Pub. L. 99–509, title IX, § 9353(b)(1), Oct. 21, 1986, 100 Stat. 2046; Pub. L. 112–40, title II, § 261(a)(1), (2)(A), (C), Oct. 21, 2011, 125 Stat. 423.)

Notes

Editorial Notes

Prior ProvisionsA prior section 1320c–1, act Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, title XI, § 1152, as added Oct. 30, 1972, Pub. L. 92–603, title II, § 249F(b), 86 Stat. 1430; amended Dec. 31, 1975, Pub. L. 94–182, title I, §§ 105, 108(a), 89 Stat. 1052, 1053; Oct. 25, 1977, Pub. L. 95–142, § 5(a), (d)(2)(A), (B), (o)(1), 91 Stat. 1183, 1185, 1191; Dec. 5, 1980, Pub. L. 96–499, title IX, § 921, 94 Stat. 2627; Aug. 13, 1981, Pub. L. 97–35, title XXI, §§ 2112(a)(2)(A), (B), 2113(b), (c), 95 Stat. 793, 794, related to the designation of Professional Standards Review Organizations, prior to the general revision of this part by Pub. L. 97–248.

Amendments2011—Pub. L. 112–40, § 261(a)(2)(A), (C), substituted “quality improvement” for “utilization and quality control peer review” in section catchline and introductory provisions. Pars. (1), (2). Pub. L. 112–40, § 261(a)(1), added pars. (1) and (2) and struck out former pars. (1) and (2) which read as follows: “(1)(A) is composed of a substantial number of the licensed doctors of medicine and osteopathy engaged in the practice of medicine or surgery in the area and who are representative of the practicing physicians in the area, designated by the Secretary under section 1320c–2 of this title, with respect to which the entity shall perform services under this part, or (B) has available to it, by arrangement or otherwise, the services of a sufficient number of licensed doctors of medicine or osteopathy engaged in the practice of medicine or surgery in such area to assure that adequate peer review of the services provided by the various medical specialties and subspecialties can be assured; “(2) is able, in the judgment of the Secretary, to perform review functions required under section 1320c–3 of this title in a manner consistent with the efficient and effective administration of this part and to perform reviews of the pattern of quality of care in an area of medical practice where actual performance is measured against objective criteria which define acceptable and adequate practice; and”. 1986—Par. (3). Pub. L. 99–509 added par. (3).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2011 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 112–40 applicable to contracts entered into or renewed on or after Jan. 1, 2012, see section 261(e) of Pub. L. 112–40, set out as a note under section 1320c of this title.

Effective Date of 1986 AmendmentPub. L. 99–509, title IX, § 9353(b)(2), Oct. 21, 1986, 100 Stat. 2046, provided that: “The amendment made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall apply to contracts entered into or renewed on or after January 1, 1987.”