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Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-07-06 10:51:44 -04:00

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LegalText 46 U.S.C. § 70508 Operation of submersible vessel or semi-submersible vessel without nationality us united_states_code code_section 46 SHIPPING 705 MARITIME DRUG LAW ENFORCEMENT 70508 46 U.S.C. § 70508 current 119-100 2026-06-26 official https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc46@119-100.zip /us/usc/t46/s70508 data/legal/raw/us/code/title-46/usc46.xml 426de0ae6a810a59ed0b90c96b9983551f1105565deb072050334405b2068a9b eb1331aa3c08ed87231a3606d86b30d1b5942cdf8542f6a3df8ac1d66e86057f 0463e48a81d5a12c30cc30a1d1bf7baaa049fea3f21d28c7bf96f3a65c49cd16 2026-07-04 official
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46 U.S.C. § 70508 - Operation of submersible vessel or semi-submersible vessel without nationality

Text

(a) In General.— An individual may not operate by any means or embark in any submersible vessel or semi-submersible vessel that is without nationality and that is navigating or has navigated into, through, or from waters beyond the outer limit of the territorial sea of a single country or a lateral limit of that countrys territorial sea with an adjacent country, with the intent to evade detection.

(b) Evidence of Intent To Evade Detection.— In any civil enforcement proceeding for a violation of subsection (a), the presence of any of the indicia described in paragraph (1)(A), (E), (F), or (G), or in paragraph (4), (5), or (6), of section 70507(b) may be considered, in the totality of the circumstances, to be prima facie evidence of intent to evade detection.

(c) Defenses.— (1) In general.— It is a defense in any civil enforcement proceeding for a violation of subsection (a) that the submersible vessel or semi-submersible vessel involved was, at the time of the violation—

(A) a vessel of the United States or lawfully registered in a foreign nation as claimed by the master or individual in charge of the vessel when requested to make a claim by an officer of the United States authorized to enforce applicable provisions of United States law;

(B) classed by and designed in accordance with the rules of a classification society;

(C) lawfully operated in government-regulated or licensed activity, including commerce, research, or exploration; or

(D) equipped with and using an operable automatic identification system, vessel monitoring system, or long range identification and tracking system.

(2) Production of documents.— The defenses provided by this subsection are proved conclusively by the production of—

(A) government documents evidencing the vessels nationality at the time of the offense, as provided in article 5 of the 1958 Convention on the High Seas;

(B) a certificate of classification issued by the vessels classification society upon completion of relevant classification surveys and valid at the time of the offense; or

(C) government documents evidencing licensure, regulation, or registration for research or exploration.

(d) Civil Penalty.— A person violating this section shall be liable to the United States for a civil penalty of not more than $1,000,000.

(Added Pub. L. 110407, title II, § 202(a), Oct. 13, 2008, 122 Stat. 4299.)