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LegalText 10 U.S.C. § 645 Definitions us united_states_code code_section 10 ARMED FORCES 36 PROMOTION, SEPARATION, AND INVOLUNTARY RETIREMENT OF OFFICERS ON THE ACTIVE-DUTY LIST 645 10 U.S.C. § 645 current 119-100 2026-06-26 official https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc10@119-100.zip /us/usc/t10/s645 data/legal/raw/us/code/title-10/usc10.xml 2e13f70ba7ab5f044f6374734427b24129fe498343e7224fe0376fb0777eac3a 06a2679d38355c44f4219c983fdad34009233205d6ba271593a4c1b17a739ec1 69612005456d6ba5eddbaf00393837a258117d74d42d501154b8d0f4b7fe46a5 2026-07-04 official
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10 U.S.C. § 645 - Definitions

Text

In this chapter:

(1) The term “promotion zone” means a promotion eligibility category consisting of the officers on an active-duty list in the same grade and competitive category—

(A) who—

(i) in the case of officers in grades below colonel, for officers of the Army, Air Force, Marine Corps, and Space Force, or captain, for officers of the Navy, have neither (I) failed of selection for promotion to the next higher grade, nor (II) been removed from a list of officers recommended for promotion to that grade (other than after having been placed on that list after a selection from below the promotion zone); or

(ii) in the case of officers in the grade of colonel or brigadier general, for officers of the Army, Air Force, Marine Corps, and Space Force, or captain or rear admiral (lower half), for officers of the Navy, have neither (I) not been recommended for promotion to the next higher grade when considered in the promotion zone, nor (II) been removed from a list of officers recommended for promotion to that grade (other than after having been placed on that list after a selection from below the promotion zone); and

(B) are senior to the officer designated by the Secretary of the military department concerned to be the junior officer in the promotion zone eligible for consideration for promotion to the next higher grade.

(2) The term “officers above the promotion zone” means a group of officers on an active-duty list in the same grade and competitive category who—

(A) are eligible for consideration for promotion to the next higher grade;

(B) are in the same grade as those officers in the promotion zone for that competitive category; and

(C) are senior to the senior officer in the promotion zone for that competitive category.

(3) The term “officers below the promotion zone” means a group of officers on the active-duty list in the same grade and competitive category who—

(A) are eligible for consideration for promotion to the next higher grade;

(B) are in the same grade as the officers in the promotion zone for that competitive category; and

(C) are junior to the junior officer in the promotion zone for that competitive category.

(Added Pub. L. 96513, title I, § 105, Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2867; amended Pub. L. 9786, title IV, § 405(b)(1), Dec. 1, 1981, 95 Stat. 1105; Pub. L. 98525, title V, § 533(a), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2528; Pub. L. 99145, title V, § 514(b)(1), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 628; Pub. L. 10225, title VII, § 701(i)(1), Apr. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 115; Pub. L. 118159, div. A, title V, § 521(e), Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 1881.)

Notes

Editorial Notes

Amendments2024—Par. (1)(A). Pub. L. 118159 substituted “Marine Corps, and Space Force,” for “and Marine Corps,” in cls. (i) and (ii). 1991—Pars. (1) to (3). Pub. L. 10225 inserted “The term” after par. designations and lowercased initial letter of quoted phrases. 1985—Par. (1)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 99145 substituted “rear admiral (lower half)” for “commodore”. 1984—Par. (1)(A)(i)(II), (ii)(II). Pub. L. 98525, § 533(a)(1), inserted “(other than after having been placed on that list after a selection from below the promotion zone)”. Par. (1)(B). Pub. L. 98525, § 533(a)(2), inserted “in the promotion zone” after “the junior officer” and struck out “in the promotion zone” after “higher grade”. 1981—Par. (1)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 9786 substituted “commodore” for “commodore admiral”.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1981 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 9786 effective Sept. 15, 1981, see section 405(f) of Pub. L. 9786, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Effective DateSection effective Sept. 15, 1981, but the authority to prescribe regulations under this section effective on Dec. 12, 1980, see section 701 of Pub. L. 96513, set out as an Effective Date of 1980 Amendment note under section 101 of this title.