Fabio
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Ingested titles 12–51 and 54 from OLRC USLM XML @119-100 (the whole Code now, uniform edition; Title 53 is reserved/empty). LegalText 11,221 -> 59,740; repo total 105,704 records. Deterministic (byte-identical rerun, verified on Title 42's 8,356 sections); make check green. make legal-us-code default now covers every title. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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| LegalText | 12 U.S.C. § 5009 | Measure of damages | us | united_states_code | code_section | 12 | BANKS AND BANKING | 50 | CHECK TRUNCATION | 5009 | 12 U.S.C. § 5009 | current | 119-100 | 2026-06-26 | official | https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc12@119-100.zip | /us/usc/t12/s5009 | data/legal/raw/us/code/title-12/usc12.xml | db553ff4a650cee179b9110b792e8cc1a68f51b8464d886bfb5ef41cd4d476c8 | e6b98700ef4156ac33fde5d105824845d727afa91a53f3762be2cf4d1a3b01fa | 648e905ee229221e2b22ac840d80d82a56ea460d06848eb13fc76d84e7e91b44 | 2026-07-04 | official |
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12 U.S.C. § 5009 - Measure of damages
Text
(a) Liability (1) In general Except as provided in section 5005 of this title, any person who, in connection with a substitute check, breaches any warranty under this chapter or fails to comply with any requirement imposed by, or regulation prescribed pursuant to, this chapter with respect to any other person shall be liable to such person in an amount equal to the sum of—
(A) the lesser of—
(i) the amount of the loss suffered by the other person as a result of the breach or failure; or
(ii) the amount of the substitute check; and
(B) interest and expenses (including costs and reasonable attorney’s fees and other expenses of representation) related to the substitute check.
(2) Offset of recredits The amount of damages any person receives under paragraph (1), if any, shall be reduced by the amount, if any, that the claimant receives and retains as a recredit under section 5006 or 5007 of this title.
(b) Comparative negligence (1) In general If a person incurs damages that resulted in whole or in part from the negligence or failure of that person to act in good faith, then the amount of any liability due to that person under subsection (a) shall be reduced in proportion to the amount of negligence or bad faith attributable to that person.
(2) Rule of construction Nothing in this subsection reduces the rights of a consumer or any other person under the Uniform Commercial Code or other applicable provision of Federal or State law.
(Pub. L. 108–100, § 10, Oct. 28, 2003, 117 Stat. 1188.)
Notes
Editorial Notes
References in TextThis chapter, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), was in the original “this Act”, meaning Pub. L. 108–100, Oct. 28, 2003, 117 Stat. 1177, which is classified generally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5001 of this title and Tables.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective DateSection effective at the end of the 12-month period beginning on Oct. 28, 2003, see section 20 of Pub. L. 108–100, set out as a note under section 5001 of this title.