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Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-07-06 10:51:44 -04:00

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LegalText 17 U.S.C. § 1101 Unauthorized fixation and trafficking in sound recordings and music videos us united_states_code code_section 17 COPYRIGHTS 11 SOUND RECORDINGS AND MUSIC VIDEOS 1101 17 U.S.C. § 1101 current 119-100 2026-06-26 official https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc17@119-100.zip /us/usc/t17/s1101 data/legal/raw/us/code/title-17/usc17.xml a363133ba096cc9d6937fd68defa9b65720450cb30598c88cba4c67cdc1b0411 53c244d73050c7c92329dce6d1ccd78b9e2fece359d919b044b600b95258446c ad96cc72c280d067ec37d7c4998b46834c02ab673effc58dc299dc584b3aac38 2026-07-04 official
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17 U.S.C. § 1101 - Unauthorized fixation and trafficking in sound recordings and music videos

Text

(a) Unauthorized Acts.— Anyone who, without the consent of the performer or performers involved—

(1) fixes the sounds or sounds and images of a live musical performance in a copy or phonorecord, or reproduces copies or phonorecords of such a performance from an unauthorized fixation,

(2) transmits or otherwise communicates to the public the sounds or sounds and images of a live musical performance, or

(3) distributes or offers to distribute, sells or offers to sell, rents or offers to rent, or traffics in any copy or phonorecord fixed as described in paragraph (1), regardless of whether the fixations occurred in the United States,

shall be subject to the remedies provided in sections 502 through 505, to the same extent as an infringer of copyright.

(b) Definition.— In this section, the term “traffic” has the same meaning as in section 2320(e) 11 See References in Text note below. of title 18.

(c) Applicability.— This section shall apply to any act or acts that occur on or after the date of the enactment of the Uruguay Round Agreements Act.

(d) State Law Not Preempted.— Nothing in this section may be construed to annul or limit any rights or remedies under the common law or statutes of any State.

(Added Pub. L. 103465, title V, § 512(a), Dec. 8, 1994, 108 Stat. 4974; amended Pub. L. 109181, § 2(c)(3), Mar. 16, 2006, 120 Stat. 288.)

Notes

Editorial Notes

References in TextSection 2320 of title 18, referred to in subsec. (b), was amended generally by Pub. L. 11281, div. A, title VIII, § 818(h), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1497, and, as so amended, provisions similar to those formerly appearing in subsec. (e) are now contained in subsec. (f). The date of the enactment of the Uruguay Round Agreements Act, referred to in subsec. (c), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 103465, which was approved Dec. 8, 1994.

Amendments2006—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109181 added subsec. (b) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (b). Text read as follows: “As used in this section, the term traffic in means transport, transfer, or otherwise dispose of, to another, as consideration for anything of value, or make or obtain control of with intent to transport, transfer, or dispose of.”