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Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-07-06 10:51:44 -04:00

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LegalText 18 U.S.C. § 2071 Concealment, removal, or mutilation generally us united_states_code code_section 18 CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE 101 RECORDS AND REPORTS 2071 18 U.S.C. § 2071 current 119-100 2026-06-26 official https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip /us/usc/t18/s2071 data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml 9479a5796b9dec98b46e1f1a7e016c54279b096ead6b5733782f511ed022f633 1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708 4fdd6b19b3f7601f8e699919a16116d2ee4577e60918b2541344ed07da6aa7f9 2026-07-04 official
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18 U.S.C. § 2071 - Concealment, removal, or mutilation generally

Text

(a) Whoever willfully and unlawfully conceals, removes, mutilates, obliterates, or destroys, or attempts to do so, or, with intent to do so takes and carries away any record, proceeding, map, book, paper, document, or other thing, filed or deposited with any clerk or officer of any court of the United States, or in any public office, or with any judicial or public officer of the United States, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than three years, or both.

(b) Whoever, having the custody of any such record, proceeding, map, book, document, paper, or other thing, willfully and unlawfully conceals, removes, mutilates, obliterates, falsifies, or destroys the same, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than three years, or both; and shall forfeit his office and be disqualified from holding any office under the United States. As used in this subsection, the term “office” does not include the office held by any person as a retired officer of the Armed Forces of the United States.

(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 795; Pub. L. 101510, div. A, title V, § 552(a), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1566; Pub. L. 103322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(I), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)

Notes

Historical and Revision NotesBased on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §§ 234, 235 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, §§ 128, 129, 35 Stat. 1111, 1112). Section consolidates sections 234 and 235 of title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed. Reference in subsection (a) to intent to steal was omitted as covered by section 641 of this title. Minor changes were made in phraseology.

Editorial Notes

Amendments1994—Pub. L. 103322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $2,000” in subsecs. (a) and (b). 1990—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101510 inserted at end “As used in this subsection, the term office does not include the office held by any person as a retired officer of the Armed Forces of the United States.”

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1990 AmendmentPub. L. 101510, div. A, title V, § 552(b), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1567, provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall be effective as of January 1, 1989.”